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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur K, Singh A, Sharma A, Kaur K, Kaur J, Kaur G, Kaur U, Kaur H, Singh P, Bedi PMS. Coumarin as an Elite Scaffold in Anti-Breast Cancer Drug Development: Design Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Structure-Activity Relationships. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1192. [PMID: 38927399 PMCID: PMC11200728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Currently, it poses a significant threat to the healthcare system due to the emerging resistance and toxicity of available drug candidates in clinical practice, thus generating an urgent need for the development of new potent and safer anti-breast cancer drug candidates. Coumarin (chromone-2-one) is an elite ring system widely distributed among natural products and possesses a broad range of pharmacological properties. The unique distribution and pharmacological efficacy of coumarins attract natural product hunters, resulting in the identification of numerous natural coumarins from different natural sources in the last three decades, especially those with anti-breast cancer properties. Inspired by this, numerous synthetic derivatives based on coumarins have been developed by medicinal chemists all around the globe, showing promising anti-breast cancer efficacy. This review is primarily focused on the development of coumarin-inspired anti-breast cancer agents in the last three decades, especially highlighting design strategies, mechanistic insights, and their structure-activity relationship. Natural coumarins having anti-breast cancer efficacy are also briefly highlighted. This review will act as a guideline for researchers and medicinal chemists in designing optimum coumarin-based potent and safer anti-breast cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | | | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Jaskirat Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business Management, Chandigarh University, Gharuan 140413, Mohali, India;
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (H.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Prabhsimran Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (H.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (K.S.); (A.S.); (K.K.); (J.K.); (G.K.)
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Al-Sanea MM, Hamdi A, Mohamed AAB, El-Shafey HW, Moustafa M, Elgazar AA, Eldehna WM, Ur Rahman H, Parambi DGT, Elbargisy RM, Selim S, Bukhari SNA, Magdy Hendawy O, Tawfik SS. New benzothiazole hybrids as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and in silico study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2166036. [PMID: 36691927 PMCID: PMC9879182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2166036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of 2-aminobenzothiazole hybrids linked to thiazolidine-2,4-dione 4a-e, 1,3,4-thiadiazole aryl urea 6a-d, and cyanothiouracil moieties 8a-d was synthesised. The in vitro antitumor effect of the new hybrids was assessed against three cancer cell lines, namely, HCT-116, HEPG-2, and MCF-7 using Sorafenib (SOR) as a standard drug. Among the tested compounds, 4a was the most potent showing IC50 of 5.61, 7.92, and 3.84 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 4e and 8a proved to have strong impact on breast cancer cell line with IC50 of 6.11 and 10.86 µM, respectively. The three compounds showed a good safety profile towards normal WI-38 cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the three compounds in MCF-7 cells revealed that compounds 4a and 4c inhibited cell population in the S phase, whereas 8a inhibited the population in the G1/S phase. The most promising compounds were subjected to a VEGFR-2 inhibitory assay where 4a emerged as the best active inhibitor of VEGFR-2 with IC50 91 nM, compared to 53 nM for SOR. In silico analysis showed that the three new hybrids succeeded to link to the active site like the co-crystallized inhibitor SOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia,CONTACT Mohammad M. Al-Sanea Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. B. Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt,Ahmed A. B. Mohamed Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Hamed W. El-Shafey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hidayat Ur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della G. T. Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab M. Elbargisy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omnia Magdy Hendawy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar S. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Albarrak J, Al-Shamsi H. Current Status of Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Gulf Region: Challenges and Recommendations. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072001. [PMID: 37046662 PMCID: PMC10093592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise in the Gulf region, with most patients being diagnosed in the intermediate or advanced stages. Surgery is a treatment option for only a few, and the majority of patients receive either locoregional treatment (percutaneous ethanol injection, radiofrequency ablation, transarterial chemoembolization [TACE], radioembolization, radiotherapy, or transarterial radioembolization) or systemic therapy (for those ineligible for locoregional treatments or who do not benefit from TACE). The recent emergence of novel immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors has begun to change the landscape of systemic HCC treatment in the Gulf. The combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab is currently the preferred first-line therapy in patients not at risk of bleeding. Additionally, the HIMALAYA trial has demonstrated the superiority of the durvalumab plus tremelimumab combination (STRIDE regimen) therapy in efficacy and safety compared with sorafenib in patients with unresectable HCC. However, there is a lack of data on post-progression treatment after first-line therapy with either atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab regimens, highlighting the need for better-designed studies for improved management of patients with unresectable HCC in the Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasem Albarrak
- Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Sabah Health Region, Kuwait City 8WF3+WR8, Kuwait;
| | - Humaid Al-Shamsi
- Burjeel Medical City- Burjeel Holding, Abu Dhabi 92510, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Oncology Society, Dubai 22107, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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4
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Synthesis of naphthalimide derivatives bearing benzothiazole and thiazole moieties: In vitro anticancer and in silico ADMET study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shaaban A, Salamah R, Abo Elseud Y, Mohanty A, Albarrak J. Presentation and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Arabian Peninsula: A Review of a Single Institution Experience in the Sorafenib Era. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:85-89. [PMID: 31808059 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a growing evidence showing that there are geographic differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Little is known about the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Arabian Peninsula. The present study examines the presentation and outcomes of HCC in a single institution. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients presented with advanced-stage HCC to Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC) between 2008 and 2018 was conducted. Data collected included patients demographics, HCC risk factors, performance status, Child-Pugh score, pick up of sorafenib, and survival. RESULTS About 111 cases were analyzed. The mean age of the cohort was 61.8 ± 11.4 years and 94 patients (84.7%) were males. HCV and diabetes were the most common risk factors for HCC and presented in 60 patients (54.1%) and 45 patients (40.5%), respectively. About 78 (70.3%) patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1 at presentation. Only 29 (26.1%) patients presented with Child-Pugh class A, while 42 (40.4%) patients received sorafenib. The median overall survival was only 3 months. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, HCV and diabetes were the main risk factors for HCC. The majority of patients was not amenable to sorafenib treatment and carries a very poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shaaban
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait. .,Minia University Hospital, Menia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - R Salamah
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | | | - A Mohanty
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - J Albarrak
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
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Irfan A, Batool F, Zahra Naqvi SA, Islam A, Osman SM, Nocentini A, Alissa SA, Supuran CT. Benzothiazole derivatives as anticancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:265-279. [PMID: 31790602 PMCID: PMC6896476 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1698036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole (BTA) belongs to the heterocyclic class of bicyclic compounds. BTA derivatives possesses broad spectrum biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant, analgesic, anti-tubercular, antimalarial, anti-leishmanial, anti-histaminic and anti-fungal among others. The BTA scaffolds showed a crucial role in the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). In this review an extensive literature survey over the last decade discloses the role of BTA derivatives mainly as anticancer agents. Such compounds are effective against various types of cancer cell lines through a multitude of mechanisms, some of which are poorly studied or understood. The inhibition of tumour associated CAs by BTA derivatives is on the other hand better investigated and such compounds may serve as anticancer leads for the development of agents effective against hypoxic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fozia Batool
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Islam
- College of Materials Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sameh M. Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Siham A. Alissa
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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Ren H, Wang J, Gao Y, Yang F, Huang W. Metabolic syndrome and liver-related events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:40. [PMID: 31023282 PMCID: PMC6485158 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0366-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component conditions are linked to the development of many benign or malignant diseases. Some studies have described relationships among metabolic syndrome or diabetes and liver cancer, but not many articles described the relationships between MetS and cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, end-stage liver disease, and even death. However, liver cancers, cirrhosis, acute hepatic failure, end-stage liver disease, and liver-related mortality-collectively described as liver-related events (LREs)-may have different relationships with MetS. We undertook this meta-analysis to examine the association between MetS and LREs, and to determine whether geographic region or hepatitis B virus (HBV) positivity might influence the association. METHODS Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database. Two reviewers independently searched records from January 1980 to December 2017. The search terms included 'metabolic syndrome', 'diabetes mellitus', 'insulin resistance syndrome', and 'metabolic abnormalities', combined with 'cirrhosis', 'hepatic fibrosis ', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'complication', 'LRE', 'HCC', 'liver-related events', and 'liver cancer'. No language restriction was applied to the search. We chose the studies reporting an association between MetS and LREs. We used Begg's and Egger's tests and visually examined a funnel plot to assess publication bias. All analyses were conducted in Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS There were 19 studies (18 cohort and 1 case-control) included in the analysis, with a total of 1,561,457 participants. The subjects' ages ranged from 18 to 84 years. The combined analysis showed an overall 86% increase risk of LREs in cases with MetS (RR: 1.86,95% CI: 1.56-2.23). The funnel plot was asymmetrical, and the Egger's test p values showed a publication bias in this meta analysis. However, through the trim and fill method, we obtained a new RR value for LREs with MetS of 1.49 (95% CI: 1.40-1.58, p = 0.000). There was no obvious difference with the two answers, so we concluded that the results were robust. For hepatitis B positive patients, the RR for MetS and LREs was 2.15 (95% CI:1.02-4.53, p = 0.038), but for the hepatitis B negative patients, the RR was 1.85 (95% CI:1.53-2.24, p = 0.000). And for non-Asians, the RR for MetS and LREs was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.66-2.69, p = 0.000), while for Asians, the RR was 1.73 (95% CI: 1.35-2.22, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed that MetS is associated with a moderately increased risk of LREs prevalence. Patients with MetS together with hepatitis B are more likely to develop hepatic events. For non-Asians, MetS is more likely to increase the incidence of LREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Junna Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Fuwei Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Wenxiang Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Serum Cytokinome Profile Evaluation: A Tool to Define New Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers of Cancer Using Multiplexed Bead-Based Immunoassays. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3064643. [PMID: 28050120 PMCID: PMC5168457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3064643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers are focusing their attention on the link between inflammation and cancer. The inflammation is involved in the tumor development and suppression, by stimulating the immune response. In particular, the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer produces angiogenic and growth factors able to repair the tissue and to promote cancer cell survival, implantation, and growth. In this contest, the cytokines contribute to the development of these processes becoming active before and during the inflammatory process and playing an important function at the various disease levels. Thus, these proteins can represent specific markers of tumor development and progression. Therefore the "cytokinome" term is used to indicate the evaluation of cytokine pattern by using an "omics" approach. Newly, specific protein chips of considerable and improved sensitivity are being developed to determine simultaneously several and different cytokines. This can be achieved by a multiplex technology that, through the use of small amounts of serum or other fluids, is used to determine the presence and the levels of underrepresented cytokines. Since this method is an accurate, sensitive, and reproducible cytokine assay, it is already used in many different studies. Thus, this review focuses on the more latest aspects related to cytokinome profile evaluation in different cancers.
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9
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: one entity, multiple impacts on liver health. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:5-14. [PMID: 27680752 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is very prevalent and now considered the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Staging the severity of liver damage is very important because the prognosis of NAFLD is highly variable. The long-term prognosis of patients with NAFLD remains incompletely elucidated. Even though the annual fibrosis progression rate is significantly higher in patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis (NASH), both types of NAFLD (nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) can lead to fibrosis. The risk for progressive liver damage and poor outcomes is assessed by staging the severity of liver injury and liver fibrosis. Algorithms (scores) that incorporate various standard clinical and laboratory parameters alongside imaging-based approaches that assess liver stiffness are helpful in predicting advanced fibrosis.
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10
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Sayiner M, Younossi ZM. Identifying patients at risk from nonalcoholic fatty liver-related hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepat Oncol 2016; 3:101-103. [PMID: 30191030 PMCID: PMC6095300 DOI: 10.2217/hep-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sayiner
- Betty & Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Zobair M Younossi
- Betty & Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
- Center For Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
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11
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Howell JA, Sharma R. The clinical role of 'liquid biopsy' in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Oncol 2015; 3:45-55. [PMID: 30191026 DOI: 10.2217/hep.15.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating free tumor DNA (ctDNA) is DNA released from necrotic or apoptotic tumor cells into the bloodstream. Absolute levels of ctDNA, as well as genetic mutations and epigenetic changes detected in ctDNA are useful biomarkers of tumor biology, progression and response to therapy in many tumor types and recent evidence suggests they may be useful in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ctDNA detected in blood, therefore, offers a minimally invasive, easily repeated 'liquid biopsy' of cancer, providing real-time dynamic analysis of tumor behavior and treatment response that could revolutionize both clinical and research practice in HCC. In this review, we provide a critical summary of the evidence for the utility of ctDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Howell
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Centre for Population Health, MacFarlane-Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rohini Sharma
- Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK.,Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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Capone F, Guerriero E, Colonna G, Maio P, Mangia A, Marfella R, Paolisso G, Izzo F, Potenza N, Tomeo L, Castello G, Costantini S. The Cytokinome Profile in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134594. [PMID: 26226632 PMCID: PMC4520685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the complex interaction network of cytokines, defined as ‘‘cytokinome’’, can be useful to follow progression and evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from its early stages as well as to define therapeutic strategies. Recently we have evaluated the cytokinome profile in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection and/or cirrhosis suggesting specific markers for the different stages of the diseases. Since T2D has been identified as one of the contributory cause of HCC, in this paper we examined the serum levels of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, as well as of other cancer and diabetes biomarkers in a discovery cohort of patients with T2D, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and/or CHC-related HCC comparing them with a healthy control group to define a profile of proteins able to characterize these patients, and to recognize the association between diabetes and HCC. The results have evidenced that the serum levels of some proteins are significantly and differently up-regulated in all the patients but they increased still more when HCC develops on the background of T2D. Our results were verified also using a separate validation cohort. Furthermore, significant correlations between clinical and laboratory data characterizing the various stages of this complex disease, have been found. In overall, our results highlighted that a large and simple omics approach, such as that of the cytokinome analysis, supplemented by common biochemical and clinical data, can give a complete picture able to improve the prognosis of the various stages of the disease progression. We have also demonstrated by means of interactomic analysis that our experimental results correlate positively with the general metabolic picture that is emerging in the literature for this complex multifactorial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capone
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Eliana Guerriero
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Colonna
- Center of Medical Informatics-SIM/AOU-Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Maio
- Unita`Operativa Malattie Infettive, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale ''San Giuseppe Moscati", Avellino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Mangia
- Liver Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Castello
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- CROM, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Insight into the impact of diabetes mellitus on the increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: mini-review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:57. [PMID: 24918094 PMCID: PMC4050993 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a multifactorial disease which is associated with a background of many causal risk factors. Diabetes mellitus however is one of the most common co-morbid illnesses found in hepatocellular carcinoma patients that are significantly associated with worsening of hepatocellular carcinoma development, patient prognosis and survival. Therefore, efforts have been focused on understanding the mechanisms underlying progression of hepatocellular carcinoma onset and development especially in diabetic patients. To our knowledge, there are no reports which address the impact of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) along with epigenetic regulations associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma confounded by diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this mini-review focuses on the possible intermediary mechanisms involved in worsening the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma development confounded by diabetes mellitus. The first approach is to look at the role of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and IL-6) in apoptosis and inflammation during hepatocarcinogenesis through monitoring levels of apoptotic regulators, B-cell lymphoma 2 protein which is encoded by BCL2 gene and apoptosis regulator BAX known as bcl-2-like protein 4 which is encoded by the BAX gene. The second approach is to focus on the possible epigenomic reprogramming that drives hepatocellular transformation since epigenetic modification of DNA is a key feature in the pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis. Both approaches may suggest role of using Bcl2 and Bax as apoptotic and inflammatory markers for hepatocellular carcinoma detection as well as the importance impact of DNA methylation, hypomethylation or histone modifications as attractive candidates for early-detection biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Wang YG, Wang P, Wang B, Fu ZJ, Zhao WJ, Yan SL. Diabetes mellitus and poorer prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95485. [PMID: 24830459 PMCID: PMC4022589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies suggested that diabetes mellitus was associated with cancer risk and prognosis, but studies investigating the relationship between diabetes mellitus and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) reported inconsistent findings. To derive a more precise estimate of the prognostic role of diabetes mellitus in HCC, we systematically reviewed published studies and carried out a meta-analysis. Methods Eligible articles were identified in electronic databases from their inception through September 16, 2013. To evaluate the correlation between diabetes mellitus and prognosis in HCC, the pooled hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for poorer overall and disease-free survivals were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques with fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results 21 studies with a total of 9,767 HCC patients stratifying overall survival and/or disease-free survival in HCC patients by diabetes mellitus status were eligible for meta-analysis. 20 studies with a total of 9,727 HCC cases investigated the overall survival, and 10 studies with a total of 2,412 HCC patients investigated the disease-free survival. The pooled HRs for overall survival and disease-free survival were 1.46 (95% CI, 1.29 to 1.66; P<0.001) and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.05; P = 0.001), respectively. The adjusted HRs for overall survival and disease-free survival were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.91; P<0.001) and 2.15 (95% CI, 1.75 to 2.63; P<0.001), respectively. In addition, for patients receiving hepatic resection, diabetes mellitus was associated with both poorer overall survival and poorer disease-free survival, and for patients receiving non-surgical treatment or patients receiving radiofrequency ablation, diabetes mellitus was associated with poorer overall survival. There was no evidence for publication bias. Conclusion Diabetes mellitus is independently associated with both poorer overall survival and poorer disease-free survival in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Gang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (YGW); (BW)
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail: (YGW); (BW)
| | - Zheng-Ju Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Ding J, Wang H. Multiple interactive factors in hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 2013; 346:17-23. [PMID: 24374016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most prevalent cancer and the third most frequent cause of cancer mortality globally. Each year there are approximately 630,000 new cases of HCC in the world and more than half of the new cases occur in China. Major risk factors of HCC include HBV or HCV infection, alcoholic liver disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of these risk factors lead to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which is present in 80-90% of HCC patients. Hepatocarcinogenesis has been regarded as a multi-stage process involving multiple genetic or environmental factors. Interaction and cross-regulation of distinct factors synergistically contributes to HCC occurrence. A comprehensive knowledge on the multiple factors and their interaction in hepatocarcinogenesis is necessary to improve the effectiveness of HCC intervention. In this review, we will focus on the recent progress made in understanding the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and discuss some potential issues or challenges in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ding
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Hongyang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200433, China.
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Butt Z, Jadoon NA, Salaria ON, Mushtaq K, Riaz IB, Shahzad A, Hashmi AM, Sarwar S. Diabetes mellitus and decompensated cirrhosis: risk of hepatic encephalopathy in different age groups. J Diabetes 2013; 5:449-55. [PMID: 23731902 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with the prevalence and severity of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC) and determine the impact of age and gender on this relationship. METHODS West Haven criteria was used to prospectively evaluate 352 consecutive patients with DC for the presence of HE. Detailed clinicobiochemical profiling of patients was performed. Categorical data and ordered categorical variables were evaluated using the Chi-squared test for independence and trend, respectively. Continuous normal and non-parametric data were evaluated using the t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. RESULTS At the time of admission, HE was present in 50.3% of patients. In all, 118 patients had DM (33.5%). Patients with DM had a significantly higher prevalence (58.5% vs 42.6%; P = 0.03) and severity of HE (P(trend) = 0.01) than patients without DM. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of Child-Pugh class, MELD scores, the presence of ascites and esophageal varices. Patients with DM had higher platelet counts than those without DM (P(trend) = 0.003). In age and gender subgroup analyses, older patients and men with DM had significantly greater evidence of HE (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that DM (P = 0.03) and older age (P = 0.006) were independently related to HE, whereas the association of gender was non-significant. CONCLUSION Both DM and older age are independently associated with HE in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Butt
- Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Center for Biomedical Research, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract
Diabetes, in particular type 2 diabetes, and cancer are two diseases that appear to be associated. Numerous epidemiological studies indicate indeed that diabetes increases the incidence of several tumors. Chronic hyperglycemia and/or insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia could account for the association. On the other hand, the interpretation of the link between diabetes and cancer could be influenced by therapeutical interferences. Considering all these data together, cancer should be considered as a "new potential complication" of diabetes and integrated in the follow-up of diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Buysschaert
- Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 54/UCL 5474, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Ampuero J, Ranchal I, del Mar Díaz-Herrero M, del Campo JA, Bautista JD, Romero-Gómez M. Role of diabetes mellitus on hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 2013. [PMID: 23180316 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-012-9354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is the main cognitive dysfunction in cirrhotic patients associated with impaired prognosis. Hyperammonemia plus inflammatory response do play a crucial role on hepatic encephalopathy. However, in some patients HE appeared without hyperammonemia and patients with increased levels of ammonia could not show cognitive dysfunction. This has led to investigate other factors that could act in a synergistic way. Diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance are characterized by releasing and enhancing these pro-inflammatory cytokines and, additionally, has been related to hepatic encephalopathy. Indeed, patients with diabetes showed raised risk of over hepatic encephalopathy in comparison with non-cirrhotics. Type 2 diabetes mellitus could impair hepatic encephalopathy by different mechanisms that include: a) increasing glutaminase activity; b) impairing gut motility and promoting constipation, intestinal bacterial overgrowth and bacterial translocation. Despite of insufficient clarity about the practicability of anti-diabetic therapy and the most efficacious therapy, we would have to pay a special attention to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ampuero
- Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, University of Sevilla, Avenida de Bellavista s/n, Sevilla 41014, Spain
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Xuejiao S, Yong X, Ningyu W, Lidan Z, Xuanhong S, Youzhi X, Tinghong Y, Yaojie S, Yongxia Z, Luoting Y. A novel benzothiazole derivative YLT322 induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro with anti-tumor activity in solid malignancies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63900. [PMID: 23737957 PMCID: PMC3667852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzothiazole derivatives are known for various biological activities, and their potency in cancer therapy has received considerable attention in recent years. YLT322, a novel synthesized benzothiazole derivative, exhibits potent anti-tumor activity via inducing apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that YLT322 showed growth inhibition against a broad spectrum of human cancer cells and induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The occurrence of its apoptosis was associated with activation of caspases-3 and -9, but not caspase-8. YLT322 increased the expression of Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and induced the release of cytochrome c which activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The down-regulation of phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK and phosphorylated Akt was also observed. Moreover, YLT322 suppressed the growth of established tumors in xenograft models in mice without obvious side effects. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed an increase in TUNEL and caspase-3-positive cells and a decrease in Ki67-positive cells upon YLT322. These results suggest that YLT322 may be a potential candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xuejiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wang Ningyu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Lidan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Xuanhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Youzhi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tinghong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Yaojie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Yongxia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Luoting
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
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Hu J, Gao DZ. Distinction immune genes of hepatitis-induced heptatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatics 2012; 28:3191-4. [PMID: 23104883 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bts624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus are the two leading causes resulting in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is observed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) is relatively difficult to induce HCC compared with hepatitis B virus (HBV). This motivates us to reveal the reasons behind this from the viewpoint of immune genes. RESULTS To distinguish the immune genes with low-level expression in HBV-induced HCC, but high-level expression in HCV-induced HCC, the concept of distinction immune gene is proposed. A filter is then designed to screen these genes. By using gene positive network with strong correlations between genes, the genes are further filtered to form the set of key distinction immune genes. The 23 key distinction immune genes are screened, which are divided into four clusters, T cells, B cells, immune signalling and major histocompatibility complex. It is evident that the screened genes are important immune genes, which are activated in HCV-induced HCC, but inactivated in HBV-induced HCC. In HCV-induced HCC, the structures of HCV adaptively update, so that they are difficult to be identified by antigens. Therefore, the clinic advice is either to increase the update speed of antigens or reduce the update speed of the viruses during the treatment of HCV-induced HCC. Moreover, it is also advised to add T cells or add the expression levels of T cells to strengthen the ability to kill cancer cells. In contrast, HBV updates slowly, but the immunity system in HBV-induced HCC has been damaged seriously. As a result, the clinic advice is to improve the immune ability of patients subjected to HBV-induced HCC, such as increasing immunoglobulin, T cells and B cells and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Hu
- Department of Automation, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Jerrells TR. Commentary with Regard to the Role of Alcohol and Cofactors in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2012; 36:564-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Jerrells
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology; University of Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha; Nebraska
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