Di Sabatino A, Giuffrida P, Fornasa G, Salvatore C, Vanoli A, Naviglio S, De Leo L, Pasini A, De Amici M, Alvisi C, Not T, Rescigno M, Corazza GR. Innate and adaptive immunity in self-reported nonceliac gluten sensitivity versus celiac disease.
Dig Liver Dis 2016;
48:745-52. [PMID:
27130911 DOI:
10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.024]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Immune mechanisms have been implicated in nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), a condition characterized by intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms caused by the ingestion of gluten in non-celiac/non-wheat allergic individuals.
AIMS
We investigated innate and adaptive immunity in self-reported NCGS versus celiac disease (CD).
METHODS
In the supernatants of ex vivo-cultured duodenal biopsies from 14 self-reported NCGS patients, 9 untreated and 10 treated CD patients, and 12 controls we detected innate cytokines - interleukin (IL)-15, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-27, IL-32α, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IFN-α-, adaptive cytokines - interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13-, chemokines - IL-8, CCL1, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL10-, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
RESULTS
Mucosal innate and adaptive cytokines, chemokines and growth factors did not differ between self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls. On the contrary, IL-6, IL-15, IL-27, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-23, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-8, CCL1 and CCL4 were significantly higher in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls, while TSLP was significantly lower in untreated CD than in self-reported NCGS, treated CD and controls.
CONCLUSION
In our hands, patients with self-reported NCGS showed no abnormalities of the mucosal immune response.
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