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Li F, Zhao B, Zhang L, Chen GQ, Zhu L, Feng XL, Yao H, Tang XF, Yang H, Liu YQ. Rare synchronous colorectal carcinoma with three pathological subtypes: A case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:8343-8349. [PMID: 38130619 PMCID: PMC10731193 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i35.8343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronous colorectal carcinomas (SCRC) are two or more primary colorectal carcinomas identified simultaneously or within 6 mo of the initial presentation in a single patient. Their incidence is low and the number of pathological types of SCRC is usually no more than two. It is very unusual that the pathological findings of a patient with SCRC show more than two different pathological subtypes. Here, we report a rare case of SCRC with three pathological subtypes. CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old woman who had no previous medical history or family history was admitted to the hospital because of intermittent hematochezia for more than a month. Colonoscopy displayed an irregularly shaped neoplasm of the rectum, a tumor-like lesion causing intestinal stenosis in the descending colon, and a polypoidal neoplasm in the ileocecum. Subsequently, she underwent total colectomy, abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer, and ileostomy. After operation, the pathological report showed three pathological subtypes including well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the descending colon, and mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum. She is now recovering well and continues to be closely monitored during follow-up. CONCLUSION Preoperative colonoscopy examination, imaging examination, and extensive intraoperative exploration play important roles in reducing the number of missed lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Guo-Qing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xue-Feng Tang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing 401120, China
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Zhang X, Hu Y, Deng K, Ren W, Zhang J, Liu C, Ma B. Developing prognostic nomograms to predict overall survival and cancer-specific survival in synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer based on the SEER database. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14057-14070. [PMID: 37548772 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronous multiple primary colorectal cancer (SMPCC) is a rare subtype of CRC, characterized by the presence of two or more primary CRC lesions simultaneously or within 6 months from the detection of the first lesion. We aim to develop a novel nomogram to predict OS and CSS for SMPCC patients using data from the SEER database. METHODS The clinical variables and survival data of SMPCC patients between 2004 and 2018 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to screen the enrolled patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for OS and CSS. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, and the area under the curve (AUC) of a receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC). A decision curve analysis (DCA) was generated to compare the net benefits of the nomogram with those of the TNM staging system. RESULTS A total of 6772 SMPCC patients were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the training (n = 4670) and validation (n = 2002) cohorts. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that race, marital status, age, histology, tumor position, T stage, N stage, M stage, chemotherapy, and the number of dissected LNs were independent prognostic factors.The C-index values for OS and CSS prediction were 0.716 (95% CI 0.705-0.727) and 0.718 (95% CI 0.702-0.734) in the training cohort, and 0.760 (95% CI 0.747-0.773) and 0.749 (95% CI 0.728-0.769) in the validation cohort. The ROC and calibration curves indicated that the model had good stability and reliability. Decision curve analysis revealed that the nomograms provided a more significant clinical net benefit than the TNM staging system. CONCLUSION We developed a novel nomogram for clinicians to predict OS and CSS, which could be used to optimize the treatment in SMPCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Yanpeng Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Wanbo Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Baoqing Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, 1751 Xinhu Street, Dezhou, 253000, China.
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Khalifa A, Broder A. A Rare Case of Synchronous Esophageal and Pancreatic Malignancy. Cureus 2021; 13:e17195. [PMID: 34540423 PMCID: PMC8439344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of double primary tumors has been rising over the past few decades. Synchronous pancreatic and esophageal carcinomas are rarely reported in the literature. In this case report, we present an 86-year-old man who developed synchronous double cancers of the pancreas and esophagus. He has a past medical history of hypertension and prior nicotine dependence and was admitted for abdominal pain and weight loss. Laboratory data on admission were normal except for the serum carbonic anhydrase 19-9 (54 U/mL, reference range: 0-34 U/mL) and carcinoembryonic antigen (712.4 ng/mL, reference range: less than <5.0 ng/mL). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a 2.3 cm lesion at the head of the pancreas. A CT scan with contrast was highly suspicious for pancreatic head malignancy. The patient underwent endoscopical ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) that showed a large non-obstructing ulcerating mass at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) as well as a pancreatic head mass. Histological findings from the obtained tissue demonstrated pancreatic adenocarcinoma and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with an invasion of lamina propria, and diagnosis of double cancers of the pancreas and esophagus was made. In conclusion, our case report represents the fifth documented case of dual primary malignancy of the esophagus and pancreas. This highlights that, despite their rarity, primary distant malignancies in patients with pancreatic cancer is an entity that clinicians should be more cognizant about especially among the male smoker/ex-smoker patient population, specifically given that the current data demonstrate that the prognosis of double cancers primarily depends on the prognosis of the pancreatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khalifa
- Internal Medicine, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Arkady Broder
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Peter's University Hospital/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, USA
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Wang X, Amitay E, Harrison TA, Banbury BL, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Cao Y, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Gallinger SJ, Giannakis M, Giles GG, Gunter MJ, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Lin Y, Moreno V, Nishihara R, Newcomb PA, Ogino S, Phipps AI, Sakoda LC, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Song M, Sun W, Thibodeau SN, Toland AE, Van Guelpen B, Woods MO, Hsu L, Hoffmeister M, Peters U. Association Between Smoking and Molecular Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab056. [PMID: 34377935 PMCID: PMC8346704 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. Previous studies suggested this association may be restricted to certain molecular subtypes of CRC, but large-scale comprehensive analysis is lacking. Methods A total of 9789 CRC cases and 11 231 controls of European ancestry from 11 observational studies were included. We harmonized smoking variables across studies and derived sex study-specific quartiles of pack-years of smoking for analysis. Four somatic colorectal tumor markers were assessed individually and in combination, including BRAF mutation, KRAS mutation, CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between smoking and risk of CRC subtypes by molecular characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, and study. All statistical tests were 2-sided and adjusted for Bonferroni correction. Results Heavier smoking was associated with higher risk of CRC overall and stratified by individual markers (P trend < .001). The associations differed statistically significantly between all molecular subtypes, which was the most statistically significant for CIMP and BRAF. Compared with never-smokers, smokers in the fourth quartile of pack-years had a 90% higher risk of CIMP-positive CRC (odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval = 1.60 to 2.26) but only 35% higher risk for CIMP-negative CRC (odds ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.22 to 1.49; P difference = 2.1 x 10-6). The association was also stronger in tumors that were CIMP positive, MSI high, or KRAS wild type when combined (P difference < .001). Conclusion Smoking was associated with differential risk of CRC subtypes defined by molecular characteristics. Heavier smokers had particularly higher risk of CRC subtypes that were CIMP positive and MSI high in combination, suggesting that smoking may be involved in the development of colorectal tumors via the serrated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Wang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Efrat Amitay
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Genetic Tumour Epidemiology Group, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology & Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland & Labrador, Canada
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evidence on the association between cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association between cigarette smoking and CRC risk published up to September 2018. We calculated relative risk (RR) of CRC according to smoking status, intensity, duration, pack-years, and time since quitting, with a focus on molecular subtypes of CRC. RESULTS The meta-analysis summarizes the evidence from 188 original studies. Compared with never smokers, the pooled RR for CRC was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.18) for current smokers and 1.17 (95% CI 1.15-1.20) for former smokers. CRC risk increased linearly with smoking intensity and duration. Former smokers who had quit smoking for more than 25 years had significantly decreased risk of CRC compared with current smokers. Smoking was strongly associated with the risk of CRC, characterized by high CpG island methylator phenotype (RR 1.42; 95% CI 1.20-1.67; number of studies [n] = 4), BRAF mutation (RR 1.63; 95% CI 1.23-2.16; n = 4), or high microsatellite instability (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.32-1.85; n = 8), but not characterized by KRAS (RR 1.04; 95% CI 0.90-1.20; n = 5) or TP53 (RR 1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.29; n = 5) mutations. DISCUSSION Cigarette smoking increases the risk of CRC in a dose-dependent manner with intensity and duration, and quitting smoking reduces CRC risk. Smoking greatly increases the risk of CRC that develops through the microsatellite instability pathway, characterized by microsatellite instability-high, CpG island methylator phenotype positive, and BRAF mutation.
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Wang L, He X, Ugai T, Haruki K, Lo CH, Hang D, Akimoto N, Fujiyoshi K, Wang M, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA, Zhang X, Wu K, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Ogino S, Song M. Risk Factors and Incidence of Colorectal Cancer According to Major Molecular Subtypes. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 5:pkaa089. [PMID: 33442661 PMCID: PMC7791624 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease that can develop via 3 major pathways: conventional, serrated, and alternate. We aimed to examine whether the risk factor profiles differ according to pathway-related molecular subtypes. Methods We examined the association of 24 risk factors with 4 CRC molecular subtypes based on a combinatorial status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and BRAF and KRAS mutations by collecting data from 2 large US cohorts. We used inverse probability weighted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression to evaluate differential associations across subtypes. Results We documented 1175 CRC patients with molecular subtype data: subtype 1 (n = 498; conventional pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low or negative, BRAF-wild-type, KRAS-wild-type), subtype 2 (n = 138; serrated pathway; any MSI status, CIMP-high, BRAF-mutated, KRAS-wild-type), subtype 3 (n = 367; alternate pathway; non-MSI-high, CIMP-low or negative, BRAF-wild-type, KRAS-mutated), and subtype 4 (n = 172; other marker combinations). Statistically significant heterogeneity in associations with CRC subtypes was found for age, sex, and smoking, with a higher hazard ratio (HR) observed for the subtype 2 (HR per 10 years of age = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.13 to 3.26; HR for female = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.60 to 4.39; HR per 20-pack-year of smoking = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.45) than other CRC subtypes (all Pheterogeneity < .005). A stronger association was found for adiposity measures with subtype 1 CRC in men and subtype 3 CRC in women and for several dietary factors with subtype 1 CRC, although these differences did not achieve statistical significance at α level of .005. Conclusions Risk factor profiles may differ for CRC arising from different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, the Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenji Fujiyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Common habitual behaviors and synchronous colorectal cancer risk: a retrospective case-control study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2019; 34:1421-1430. [PMID: 31278528 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of habitual behaviors with the prevalence of synchronous colorectal cancer (sCRC) is unknown. Here, we investigated whether these behaviors, which are known risk factors for colorectal polyps, may be related to sCRC risk. METHODS We enrolled 17,093 patients who underwent cancer treatment between January 1995 and December 2016 and examined the association of age, sex, familial history of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), and status of three common habitual behaviors (smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption) with the prevalence of sCRC. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 960 (5.6%) patients had sCRC. The independent risk factors for sCRC prevalence included advanced age, male sex, hereditary CRC, smoking, and daily alcohol consumption of more than one bottle (> 600 mL). Contrary to these factors, daily coffee consumption of more than one cup seemed to provide a protection from sCRC. In the Kaplan-Meier test, the significantly worse 5-year overall survival (OS) was noted in smokers with stage 0-III CRC. The effect of alcohol consumption on 5-year OS was significant in stages II and III. Compared with those without daily coffee consumption, patients with daily coffee consumption had significantly higher 5-year OS in stages I (93.0% vs. 86.4%), II (87.1% vs. 77.2%), III (71.5% vs. 61.9%), and IV (18.0% vs. 13.0%). CONCLUSIONS sCRC prevalence was significantly associated with habitual behaviors. Patients with smoking or with daily alcohol consumption of one bottle had higher sCRC prevalence than did those without these habits. Coffee consumption could be a protective factor for lowering sCRC risk.
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Fedorova MS, Krasnov GS, Lukyanova EN, Zaretsky AR, Dmitriev AA, Melnikova NV, Moskalev AA, Kharitonov SL, Pudova EA, Guvatova ZG, Kobelyatskaya AA, Ishina IA, Slavnova EN, Lipatova AV, Chernichenko MA, Sidorov DV, Popov AY, Kiseleva MV, Kaprin AD, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV. The CIMP-high phenotype is associated with energy metabolism alterations in colon adenocarcinoma. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:52. [PMID: 30967137 PMCID: PMC6454590 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is found in 15-20% of malignant colorectal tumors and is characterized by strong CpG hypermethylation over the genome. The molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon are not still fully understood. The development of CIMP is followed by global gene expression alterations and metabolic changes. In particular, CIMP-low colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), predominantly corresponded to consensus molecular subtype 3 (CMS3, "Metabolic") subgroup according to COAD molecular classification, is associated with elevated expression of genes participating in metabolic pathways. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis of RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project for CIMP-high and non-CIMP COAD samples with DESeq2, clusterProfiler, and topGO R packages. Obtained results were validated on a set of fourteen COAD samples with matched morphologically normal tissues using quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Upregulation of multiple genes involved in glycolysis and related processes (ENO2, PFKP, HK3, PKM, ENO1, HK2, PGAM1, GAPDH, ALDOA, GPI, TPI1, and HK1) was revealed in CIMP-high tumors compared to non-CIMP ones. Most remarkably, the expression of the PKLR gene, encoding for pyruvate kinase participating in gluconeogenesis, was decreased approximately 20-fold. Up to 8-fold decrease in the expression of OGDHL gene involved in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was observed in CIMP-high tumors. Using qPCR, we confirmed the increase (4-fold) in the ENO2 expression and decrease (2-fold) in the OGDHL mRNA level on a set of COAD samples. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the association between CIMP-high status and the energy metabolism changes at the transcriptomic level in colorectal adenocarcinoma against the background of immune pathway activation. Differential methylation of at least nine CpG sites in OGDHL promoter region as well as decreased OGDHL mRNA level can potentially serve as an additional biomarker of the CIMP-high status in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Fedorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - George S. Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Lukyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrew R. Zaretsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya V. Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey L. Kharitonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zulfiya G. Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina A. Ishina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N. Slavnova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Lipatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Chernichenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Sidorov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Marina V. Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna V. Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Kim K, Choi S, Lee G, Jeong SM, Kim SM, Son JS, Yun JM, Kim YY, Park SY, Park SM. Cancer risk among young men with weight gain after smoking cessation: A population-based cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2019; 60:86-92. [PMID: 30933889 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking cessation may help the current smokers to reduce cancer risk. However, weight gain following smoking cessation may attenuate the protective association of cessation with cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study included 1,278,794 men who were aged 20-39 years and underwent two consecutive health examinations by the National Health Insurance Service, without previous diagnosis of cancer. Participants were categorized into continual smokers, quitters with different degree of body weight change, and never smokers based on the biennial national health screening program (2002-2003 and 2004-2005) and were followed from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015. Cox proportional hazard models and restricted cubic spline model was used to evaluate the association of post-cessation weight change and cancer risk after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS During the 10 years of follow-up, the analyses included 1,278,794 men with 21,494 cancer incidences. Compared to continual smokers, quitters without weight gain of 2.0 kg had significantly lower risk of obesity-related cancer (hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-0.97), smoking-related cancer (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.98), and gastrointestinal cancer (HR, 89; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98). Weight gain among quitters attenuated the risk reduction of cancer compared to continual smoking. Among quitters, weight gain up to 5.0 kg with smoking cessation showed protective association with cancer risk among quitters without weight gain. CONCLUSION Excessive weight gain with smoking cessation among quitters was not associated with reduced risk of several cancer types. This association should be taken into account when recommending smoking cessation to prevent cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuwoong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Yong Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Park
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Big Data Steering Department, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Hamada T, Nowak JA, Masugi Y, Drew DA, Song M, Cao Y, Kosumi K, Mima K, Twombly TS, Liu L, Shi Y, da Silva A, Gu M, Li W, Nosho K, Keum N, Giannakis M, Meyerhardt JA, Wu K, Wang M, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Nishihara R, Zhang X, Ogino S. Smoking and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Sub-Classified by Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:42-51. [PMID: 30312431 PMCID: PMC6335108 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djy137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence indicates not only carcinogenic effect of cigarette smoking but also its immunosuppressive effect. We hypothesized that the association of smoking with colorectal cancer risk might be stronger for tumors with lower anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Methods During follow-up of 134 981 participants (3 490 851 person-years) in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we documented 729 rectal and colon cancer cases with available data on T-cell densities in tumor microenvironment. Using the duplication-method Cox regression model, we examined a differential association of smoking status with risk of colorectal carcinoma subclassified by densities of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results The association of smoking status with colorectal cancer risk differed by CD3+ cell density (Pheterogeneity = .007). Compared with never smokers, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for CD3+ cell-low colorectal cancer were 1.38 (95% confidence interval = 1.09 to 1.75) in former smokers and 1.59 (95% confidence interval = 1.14 to 2.23) in current smokers (Ptrend = .002, across smoking status categories). In contrast, smoking status was not associated with CD3+ cell-high cancer risk (Ptrend = .52). This differential association appeared consistent in strata of microsatellite instability, CpG island methylator phenotype, or BRAF mutation status. There was no statistically significant differential association according to densities of CD8+ cells, CD45RO+ cells, or FOXP3+ cells (Pheterogeneity > .04, with adjusted α of 0.01). Conclusions Colorectal cancer risk increased by smoking was stronger for tumors with lower T-lymphocyte response, suggesting an interplay of smoking and immunity in colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology
| | | | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition
| | - Yin Cao
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology
- Department of Nutrition
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Oncologic Pathology
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | | | - Mancang Gu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | | | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Nutrition
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, the Republic of Korea
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, and Channing Division of Network Medicine
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Kana Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition
- Department of Epidemiology
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Nutrition
- Department of Epidemiology
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Oncologic Pathology
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology
- Department of Nutrition
- Department of Epidemiology
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Oncologic Pathology
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology
- Department of Epidemiology
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
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11
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Deng W, Lu YF. Methylation of tumor suppressor genes and risk factors of colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:2088-2095. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i36.2088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the diagnostic methods and treatment options are continuously optimized, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still rising. Therefore, "preventive treatment of disease" is the key to solving this problem. In recent years, hypermethylation of promoter CpG islands (CGIs) in tumor suppressor genes has been a hot research topic because it is reversible and early events in the development of CRC, and affects drug resistance, disease treatment, and patient prognosis. CRC risk factors such as poor dietary choice, lack of physical activity, excessive drinking, and unhealthy weight can regulate promoter CGI hypermethylation, which will help develop new methylation-related cancer prevention strategies. This article mainly introduces the significance and regulatory mechanism of methylation of tumor suppressor genes and its relationship with risk factors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Yong-Fu Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, Qinghai Province, China
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12
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He X, Wu K, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Chan AT, Song M. Association Between Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer and Risk of Serrated Polyps and Conventional Adenomas. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:355-373.e18. [PMID: 29702117 PMCID: PMC6067965 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serrated polyps (SPs) and conventional adenomas are precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC), but they are believed to arise via distinct pathways. We characterized risk factor profiles for SPs and conventional adenomas in a post hoc analysis of data from 3 large prospective studies. METHODS We collected data from the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study 2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study on subjects who developed SPs or conventional adenomas. Our analysis comprised 141,143 participants who had undergone lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, provided updated diet and lifestyle data every 2-4 years, and were followed until diagnosis of a first polyp. We assessed 13 risk factors for CRC in patients with SPs or conventional adenomas and examined the associations according to histopathology features. RESULTS We documented 7945 SPs, 9212 conventional adenomas, and 2382 synchronous SPs and conventional adenomas during 18-20 years of follow-up. Smoking, body mass index, alcohol intake, family history of CRC, and height were associated with higher risk of SPs and conventional adenomas, whereas higher intake of vitamin D and marine omega-3 fatty acid were associated with lower risk. The associations tended to be stronger for synchronous SPs and conventional adenomas. Smoking, body mass index, and alcohol intake were more strongly associated with SPs than conventional adenomas (P for heterogeneity <.05), whereas physical activity and intake of total folate and calcium were inversely associated with conventional adenomas but not SPs. For SPs and conventional adenomas, the associations tended to be stronger for polyps in the distal colon and rectum, of 10 mm or larger or with advanced histology. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of data from 3 large prospective studies, we found that although SPs and conventional adenomas share many risk factors, some factors are more strongly associated with one type of lesion than the other. These findings provide support for the etiologic heterogeneity of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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Falzone L, Scola L, Zanghì A, Biondi A, Di Cataldo A, Libra M, Candido S. Integrated analysis of colorectal cancer microRNA datasets: identification of microRNAs associated with tumor development. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:1000-1014. [PMID: 29779016 PMCID: PMC5990389 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Currently, no effective early diagnostic biomarkers are available for colorectal carcinoma. Therefore, there is a need to discover new molecules able to identify pre-cancerous lesions. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with the onset of specific pathologies, thus the identification of miRNAs associated to colorectal cancer may be used to detect this pathology at early stages. On these bases, the expression levels of miRNAs were analyzed to compare the miRNAs expression levels of colorectal cancer samples and normal tissues in several miRNA datasets. This analysis revealed a group of 19 differentially expressed miRNAs. To establish the interaction between miRNAs and the most altered genes in CRC, the mirDIP gene target analysis was performed in such group of 19 differentially expressed miRNAs. To recognize miRNAs able to activate or inhibit genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer development DIANA-mirPath prediction analysis was applied. Overall, these analyses showed that the up-regulated hsa-miR-183-5p and hsa-miR-21-5p, and the down-regulated hsa-miR-195-5p and hsa-miR-497-5p were directly related to colorectal cancer through the interaction with the Mismatch Repair pathway and Wnt, RAS, MAPK, PI3K, TGF-β and p53 signaling pathways involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Falzone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Letizia Scola
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Antonino Zanghì
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Cataldo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technology "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (PreDiCT), University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
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14
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Fagunwa IO, Loughrey MB, Coleman HG. Alcohol, smoking and the risk of premalignant and malignant colorectal neoplasms. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:561-568. [PMID: 29195676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and has a complex aetiology consisting of environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we evaluate the roles of alcohol and tobacco smoking in colorectal neoplasia. Alcohol intake and tobacco smoking are associated with modest, but significantly, increased risks of CRC, adenomatous and serrated polyps. There is consistent evidence of dose-response relationships for both alcohol and smoking, and risk of these neoplasms. Alcohol and smoking appear to be more strongly associated with colorectal polyp than CRC development, suggesting roles in the initiation of neoplastic growths. These lifestyle factors also seem more strongly related to adenomas and sessile serrated lesions than hyperplastic polyps, but further confirmation is required. The gastroenterology community has an important, yet currently underexploited, role to play addressing the modifiable factors associated with CRC and polyps. These behaviours include, but are not limited to, alcohol and smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifewumi O Fagunwa
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Department of Histopathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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