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Zacharuk A, Ferguson A, Komar C, Bentley N, Dempsey A, Louwagie M, O’Hoski S, D’Amore C, Beauchamp M. The effects of co-designed physical activity interventions in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297675. [PMID: 38728263 PMCID: PMC11086838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) declines with age despite the knowledge that physical inactivity is a leading cause of disease, death, and disability worldwide. To better tailor PA interventions to older adults, researchers are turning to the collaborative principles of co-design. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of co-designed PA interventions and standard care for increasing PA and other health outcomes (i.e., physical function, quality of life, mental health, functional independence, attendance and attrition rates) in older adults. METHODS A search was conducted in MEDLINE, AgeLine, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus. Records were screened by independent pairs of reviewers. Primary research studies conducted among community-dwelling older adults (age 60+) comparing co-designed PA interventions to standard care were considered for inclusion. Controls included wait-list control, usual care, sham interventions, PA interventions without the use of co-design, and no intervention. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to report effect estimates. Quality of evidence was rated using GRADE. RESULTS Of 16,191 studies screened, eight (N = 16,733) were included in this review. Most studies reported results favouring the effect of co-design on physical activity; however, only two studies (N = 433) could be pooled for meta-analysis resulting in a SMD of 0.28, (95% CI = -0.13 to 0.69; p = 0.19; I2 = 56%) immediately post-intervention. The GRADE quality of evidence was very low. The quantitative analysis of three studies reported improved physical function. CONCLUSION This review did not demonstrate that co-designed PA interventions are more effective than standard care for increasing PA in older adults; however, evidence was limited and of very low quality. Further well-designed trials are warranted to better understand the impacts of co-designed PA interventions and how to best implement them into practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022314217.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Zacharuk
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Ferguson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea Komar
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Bentley
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Dempsey
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Louwagie
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sachi O’Hoski
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra D’Amore
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marla Beauchamp
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Research Institute at St Joseph’s Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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2
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Xu L, Li T, He W, Cao D, Wu C, Qin L. Prevalence of sufficient physical activity among general adult population and sub-populations with chronic conditions or disability in the USA. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:891-896. [PMID: 37608727 PMCID: PMC10567242 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated global guideline on physical activity and sedentary behavior, including recommendations for sub-populations living with chronic conditions or disabilities. We aimed to examine the prevalence of meeting the WHO recommendations among these sub-populations in the USA. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 to 2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS We revealed variations in physical activity levels among individuals with chronic conditions and disability. US adults with diabetes, hypertension or disability had a lower prevalence of recommended physical activity levels than the general population. In addition, certain demographic groups such as being female, older and having lower socioeconomic status were associated with a lower likelihood of meeting the WHO recommendations on physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity levels among US adults, especially those with older age, low socioeconomic status, hypertension and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xu
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianshu Li
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wenqi He
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong Cao
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chenkai Wu
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijie Qin
- Department of Emergency, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, No. 7 Weiwu Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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3
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Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Richardson MR. Mode of Physical Activity Participation in US Adults: A Regional Perspective. South Med J 2022; 115:118-124. [PMID: 35118500 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine the mode of physical activity (PA) participation in United States adults by US Census region. METHODS The study sample (N = 323,435) included adult (18 years of age and older) participants from the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Participants reported meeting both aerobic and muscle strengthening activity (MSA) guidelines, the aerobic-only guideline, the MSA only guideline, or neither. RESULTS The greatest prevalence estimate of meeting the mutually exclusive aerobic and MSA guideline was found in the West Census Region (24.3, 95% confidence interval 23.6-24.9) and the greatest prevalence estimate of meeting neither aerobic nor MSA guideline was found in the South Census Region (38.1%, 95% confidence interval 37.5-38.7). Physical and mental health were found to be positively associated with PA and non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics reported the greatest levels of meeting neither federal PA recommendation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that mode of PA participation varies by demographics and census region in US adults. State and local health departments should communicate between and within regions and disseminate information to raise awareness of the health benefits of meeting the federal PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Churilla
- From the Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- From the Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Michael R Richardson
- From the Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, College of Pharmacy, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Zhou T, Su J, Tao R, Qin Y, Zhou J, Lu Y, Hua Y, Jin J, Guo Y, Chen Z, Li L, Wu M. The association between daily total physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease among hypertensive patients: a 10-year prospective cohort study in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:517. [PMID: 33726720 PMCID: PMC7968198 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of high levels of physical activity and relationship between daily total physical activity and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among hypertensive people were not clear. This study aimed to explore the optimum level of physical activity for CVD prevention. METHODS Data used in the present study was derived from the sub-study of China Kadoorie Biobank study (CKB) in Jiangsu province of China. The CKB was a prospective cohort study established during 2004-2008. At baseline, 53,259 participants aged 35-74 years were recruited for the CKB Jiangsu sub-study conducted in Wuzhong district of Suzhou City. Among those 53,259 participants, the 20,179 hypertensive individuals were our study population. The outcome events were cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), while the independent variable was total daily physical activity. The Cox proportional hazard models were introduced to investigate the association between total physical activity and CVDs, reporting as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS During a 10.1-year follow-up, 2419 CVD cases were identified. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, compared with participants at the lowest level of daily total physical activity, the hazard ratios for CVDs were 0.87 (95%CI: 0.79-0.97), 0.73 (95%CI: 0.65-0.83) and 0.75 (95%CI: 0.65-0.85) for participants within 2, 3 and 4 quartiles of physical activity. Such a negative association between total physical activity and CVDs were also observed among participants by gender and age-group, but within patients with stage 1 hypertension only. Moreover, the association of physical activity with CVDs was U-shape and the lowest HR (0.63, 95%CI: 0.54-0.74) was observed at 35.4 MET-h/d of total physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Total daily physical activity was negatively associated with CVDs among hypertensive adults in China, and this association was U-shape. It has some public health implications that community-based total physical activity intervention campaigns can be of help for CVDs prevention among hypertensive people in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yujie Hua
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jianrong Jin
- Wuzhong District of Suzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, 215100, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 102308, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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5
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Physical activity is more related to adiposity in hypertensive than nonhypertensive middle-aged and older adults. Blood Press Monit 2020; 25:171-177. [DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Hypertension is a fatal yet preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is responsible for majority of cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension is closely associated with inactive lifestyle. Physical activity and/or exercise are shown to delay development of hypertension. Both aerobic and resistance exercise have been proven to reduce blood pressure (BP) effectively. Since brisk walking is an easy, inexpensive, simple, and effective way of exercise, this type of an aerobic workout can be recommended to society. All professional organizations and government bodies recommend moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 30 min on at least 3 days of the week or resistance exercise on 2-3 days of the week. Exercise sessions can either be continuous for 30 min or be composed of at least 10 min of short exercise duration to a daily total of 30 min. After an exercise session, BP decreases, and this decline continues for up to 24 h; which is called post-exercise hypotension. Overall 5 mmHg decrease in BP with regular exercise may be ensured. With a decrease of 5 mmHg in systolic BP, mortality due to coronary heart disease decreases by 9%, mortality due to stroke decreases by 14% and all-cause mortality decreases by 7%. Regular exercise should therefore be recommended for all individuals including normotensives, prehypertensives, and hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeref Alpsoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
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7
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Javidi M, Argani H, Ahmadizad S. Hemodynamic responses to different isometric handgrip protocols in hypertensive men. Sci Sports 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Relationship of age, gender, hypertension history, and vulnerability perception with physical exercise compliance in elderly. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Favorable Outcomes Using an eHealth Approach to Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition Among Young African American Women. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2018; 33:62-71. [PMID: 28481823 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet and mobile devices are widely used and provide alternative approaches for promoting healthy lifestyles, yet less information is available describing outcomes of these approaches when used with young African American (AA) women at risk for developing hypertension. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated a Web-based, culturally relevant lifestyle change intervention targeting AA women (referred to as the eHealth study). METHODS African American women, aged 18 to 45 years, with untreated prehypertension and Internet access were eligible for a 12-week study that incorporated social cognitive theory strategies. Participants were randomized to (1) lifestyle physical activity (PA) or (2) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) online education modules. RESULTS The 14 DASH and 12 PA participant attributes were similar at baseline. The DASH participants had a significant change in total DASH score (P = .001) and large effect sizes for DASH components (vegetables, 0.84; nonfat dairy, 0.71; fruit, 0.62). The PA participants had a favorable change (+39%) in pedometer steps (P = .055). With respect to weight change, a large effect size was observed for PA (0.84) and smaller for DASH participants (0.18). Seventy-one percent of DASH and 48% of PA participants completed program activities, corresponding to a moderate difference in program engagement between groups (d = 0.58). CONCLUSION Our eHealth platform provides an alternative approach for reaching young AA women and was successful with respect to improving PA and dietary behaviors. Furthermore, the eHealth approach has the potential as a powerful program for changing health behaviors for other at-risk populations.
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10
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Omar A, Husain MN, Jamil AT, Nor NSM, Ambak R, Fazliana M, Zamri NLA, Aris T. Effect of physical activity on fasting blood glucose and lipid profile among low income housewives in the MyBFF@home study. BMC Womens Health 2018; 18:103. [PMID: 30066645 PMCID: PMC6069292 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has always been strongly recommended for good cardiovascular health. This study aimed to determine the effect of physical activity on fasting blood glucose and lipid profile among low income housewives in Klang Valley. METHODS Data of 328 eligible housewives who participated in the MyBFF@Home study was used. Intervention group of 169 subjects were provided with an intervention package which includes physical activity (brisk walking, dumbbell exercise, physical activity diary, group exercise) and 159 subjects in control group received various health seminars. Physical activity level was assessed using short-International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The physical activity level was then re-categorized into 4 categories (active intervention, inactive intervention, active control and inactive control). Physical activity, blood glucose and lipid profile were measured at baseline, 3rd month and 6th month of the study. General Linear Model was used to determine the effect of physical activity on glucose and lipid profile. RESULTS At the 6th month, there were 99 subjects in the intervention and 79 control group who had complete data for physical activity. There was no difference on the effect of physical activity on the glucose level and lipid profile except for the Triglycerides level. Both intervention and control groups showed reduction of physical activity level over time. CONCLUSION The effect of physical activity on blood glucose and lipid profile could not be demonstrated possibly due to physical activity in both intervention and control groups showed decreasing trend over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahadi Omar
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Normazlan Husain
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Taufik Jamil
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi Mara, UiTM Sg Buloh Campus, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Ambak
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mansor Fazliana
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Liyana Ahamad Zamri
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Merlo C, Sorino N, Myers J, Sassone B, Pasanisi G, Mandini S, Guerzoni F, Napoli N, Conconi F, Mazzoni G, Chiaranda G, Grazzi G. Moderate walking speed predicts hospitalisation in hypertensive patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25:1558-1560. [PMID: 29673267 DOI: 10.1177/2047487318767463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Merlo
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Sorino
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jonathan Myers
- 2 Division of Cardiology, VA Palo Alto, USA.,3 Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - Biagio Sassone
- 4 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Cento Hospital, AUSL Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pasanisi
- 5 Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, 'Delta' Hospital, AUSL Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Franco Guerzoni
- 6 Department of Medical Statistics, St Anna General Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- 6 Department of Medical Statistics, St Anna General Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Conconi
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy.,7 Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chiaranda
- 8 Public Health Department, AUSL Piacenza, Italy.,9 General Directorship for Public Health and Integration Policy, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazzi
- 1 Centre for Biomedical Studies applied to Sports, University of Ferrara, Italy.,7 Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Italy
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Goessler KF, Buys R, VanderTrappen D, Vanhumbeeck L, Cornelissen VA. A randomized controlled trial comparing home-based isometric handgrip exercise versus endurance training for blood pressure management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:285-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) on average 5-7 mmHg among those with hypertension; limited evidence suggests similar or even greater BP benefits may result from isometric handgrip (IHG) resistance exercise. METHOD We conducted a randomized controlled trial investigating the antihypertensive effects of an acute bout of aerobic compared with IHG exercise in the same individuals. Middle-aged adults (n = 27) with prehypertension and obesity randomly completed three experiments: aerobic (60% peak oxygen uptake, 30 min); IHG (30% maximum voluntary contraction, 4 × 2 min bilateral); and nonexercise control. Study participants were assessed for carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity pre and post exercise, and left the laboratory wearing an ambulatory BP monitor. RESULTS SBP and DBP were lower after aerobic versus IHG (4.8 ± 1.8/3.1 ± 1.3 mmHg, P = 0.01/0.04) and control (5.6 ± 1.8/3.6 ± 1.3 mmHg, P = 0.02/0.04) over the awake hours, with no difference between IHG versus control (P = 0.80/0.83). Pulse wave velocity changes following acute exercise did not differ by modality (aerobic increased 0.01 ± 0.21 ms, IHG decreased 0.06 ± 0.15 ms, control increased 0.25 ± 0.17 ms, P > 0.05). A subset of participants then completed either 8 weeks of aerobic or IHG training. Awake SBP was lower after versus before aerobic training (7.6 ± 3.1 mmHg, P = 0.02), whereas sleep DBP was higher after IHG training (7.7 ± 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION Our findings did not support IHG as antihypertensive therapy but that aerobic exercise should continue to be recommended as the primary exercise modality for its immediate and sustained BP benefits.
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Phillips SA, Martino S, Arena R. Research Opportunities and Challenges in the Era of Healthy Living Medicine: Unlocking the Potential. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 59:498-505. [PMID: 28132853 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), obesity, cancer, pulmonary disease, and diabetes are a very high global health concern. The health costs of risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension (HTN), is mounting and are unrelenting. As an example, it is estimated that direct and indirect costs due to HTN amounted to $46.4 billion in 2011 and projections of six-fold increases by 2030; the importance of low-cost nonpharmacological interventions involving collaborative teams of health care professionals is at a critical junction. Certainly, the data supported by research including some clinical trials for healthy living interventions support deploying health education, nutrition, smoking cessation, and physical activity(PA) in preventing CVD risk, such as HTN. Exercise training (ET) for blood pressure (BP) control has been shown to be an effective and integral component of BP management. However, less is known about what optimization of PA/ET modalities with nutrition and lifestyle tracking with modern era technologies will bring to this equation. New research methods may need to consider how to collaborate to collect data in using teams of researchers while interacting with community centers, school systems, and in traditional health care practices. This review will discuss and present what is known about the research that support modern era healthy living medicine and how this data may be integrated in venues that support health lifestyle in the community (i.e. schools and the work place).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Phillips
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Sharon Martino
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Technology and Management, Rehabilitation Research and Movement Performance Laboratory, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy and the Integrative Physiology Laboratory, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Exercise and Hypertension: Uncovering the Mechanisms of Vascular Control. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 59:226-234. [PMID: 27697533 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) has recently been determined to be the number one overall risk factor of disease. With direct and indirect costs amounting to $46.4 billion in 2011 and projections of six-fold increases by 2030, the importance of low-cost nonpharmacological interventions can be appreciated. Vascular structural changes, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic overstimulation are major contributing factors to the pathophysiology of HTN. Exercise training (ET) for blood pressure (BP) control has been shown to be an effective and integral component of nonpharmacological interventions for BP control. Different ET modalities (aerobic, resistance, and concurrent training) have contributed differently to BP reduction and control, driving scientific discourse regarding the optimum ET prescription (modality, volume, and intensity) for such effects; ET results in a multitude of physiological effects, with vascular and autonomic adaptations providing major contributions to BP control. Despite widespread acceptance of the role and importance of ET for BP reduction, only 15% of US adults have been found to meet ET/physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this review is to explore BP lowering effects of aerobic and resistance ET and the underlying physiological mechanisms that result in such effects. Further research is required to enhance our understanding of the proper ET prescription for BP control across different age groups and racial ethnicities. Furthermore, research into methods of improving awareness and adherence to ET recommendations proves to be equally important.
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Doubova SV, Martinez-Vega IP, Aguirre-Hernandez R, Pérez-Cuevas R. Association of hypertension-related distress with lack of self-care among hypertensive patients. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2016; 22:51-64. [PMID: 27677320 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1239830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Research on factors associated with poor adherence to self-care focuses primarily on psychiatric emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety, whereas non-psychiatric chronic-disease-related emotional distress has received little attention in hypertensive patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of hypertension-related distress with the lack of self-care including low adherence to pharmacological treatment, lack of regular physical activity, low intake of fruits and vegetables and frequent intake of high-salt foods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 in two family medical units affiliated with the Mexican Institute of Social Security. The study included 487 hypertensive patients >19 years of age. The conceptual framework for the study was based on the Health Promotion Model. The analysis included multiple Poisson regression models. We found that 21.1% of participants had hypertension-related distress. Low adherence to pharmacological treatment was identified in 45.8% of patients, whereas 46.8% lacked regular physical activity, 30.8% reported a low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 54.6% frequently consumed foods high in salt content. Hypertension-related distress was associated with lack of regular physical activity and low intake of fruits and vegetables. These findings highlight the importance of addressing distress in order to improve self-care of hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V Doubova
- a Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, CMN Siglo XXI , Mexican Institute of Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ingrid Patricia Martinez-Vega
- a Epidemiology and Health Services Research Unit, CMN Siglo XXI , Mexican Institute of Social Security , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rebeca Aguirre-Hernandez
- b Departamento de Farmacología de la Facultad de Medicina , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas
- c Division of Social Protection and Health , Inter-American Development Bank , Mexico City , Mexico
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Boyer WR, Johnson TM, Fitzhugh EC, Richardson MR, Churilla JR. The associations between increasing degrees of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and muscular strengthening activities among euglycaemic US adults. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:420-7. [PMID: 26141966 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115592637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance and self-reported muscular strengthening activity in a nationally representative sample of euglycaemic US adults. METHODS Sample included euglycaemic adults (⩾20 years of age (n = 2009)) from the 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance was categorized into quartiles and was the primary independent variable of interest. No reported muscular strengthening activity was the dependent variable. RESULTS Following adjustment for covariates, those with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance values in fourth (odds ratio: 2.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.06, p < 0.001) quartile were found to have significantly greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity. Following further adjustment for non-muscular strengthening activity specific aerobic leisure-time physical activity, results remained significant for the fourth (odds ratio: 2.30, 95% confidence interval: 1.50-3.52, p < 0.001) quartile. A significant trend was seen across quartiles of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance for increasing prevalence of no muscular strengthening activity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Having a higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance value is associated with greater odds of reporting no muscular strengthening activity among euglycaemic US adults. This implies that subjects with an increasing degree of insulin resistance are more likely to not engage in muscular strengthening activity, an exercise modality that has been shown to reduce the risk of several cardiometabolic diseases and improve glycaemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Boyer
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tammie M Johnson
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Eugene C Fitzhugh
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Richardson
- Department of Clinical & Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical & Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Sharman JE, La Gerche A, Coombes JS. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:147-58. [PMID: 25305061 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the benefits of regular exercise is irrefutable and increasing physical activity levels should be a major goal at all levels of health care. People with hypertension are less physically active than those without hypertension and there is strong evidence supporting the blood pressure-lowering ability of regular exercise, especially in hypertensive individuals. This narrative review discusses evidence relating to exercise and cardiovascular (CV) risk in people with hypertension. Comparisons between aerobic, dynamic resistance, and static resistance exercise have been made along with the merit of different exercise volumes. High-intensity interval training and isometric resistance training appear to have strong CV protective effects, but with limited data in hypertensive people, more work is needed in this area. Screening recommendations, exercise prescriptions, and special considerations are provided as a guide to decrease CV risk among hypertensive people who exercise or wish to begin. It is recommended that hypertensive individuals should aim to perform moderate intensity aerobic exercise activity for at least 30 minutes on most (preferably all) days of the week in addition to resistance exercises on 2-3 days/week. Professionals with expertise in exercise prescription may provide additional benefit to patients with high CV risk or in whom more intense exercise training is planned. Despite lay and media perceptions, CV events associated with exercise are rare and the benefits of regular exercise far outweigh the risks. In summary, current evidence supports the assertion of exercise being a cornerstone therapy in reducing CV risk and in the prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Sharman
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;
| | - Andre La Gerche
- St Vincent's Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Zippel EA. Association of physical activity volume and hypercholesterolemia in US adults. QJM 2013; 106:333-40. [PMID: 23256179 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies illustrate the favorable association between physical activity (PA) and cholesterol levels. There is a paucity of data examining the PA patterns of individuals with and without hypercholesterolemia (HC). AIM To examine self-reported moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA) patterns using the most recent PA guidelines among US adults with and without HC. DESIGN Cross-sectional study utilizing a secondary data analysis approach. METHODS We used data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). PA categories were based on the 2008 Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported HC in US adults was 34%. When stratified by gender, the age-adjusted prevalence of HC was found to be significantly higher in men (36.2%; 95% CI 35.6, 36.8) compared with women (31.8%; 95% CI 31.3, 32.3). The age-adjusted prevalence of meeting the DHHS PA recommendation was 59.1% among participants reporting HC and 68.3% among participants not reporting HC (P < 0.05). Following adjustment for demographics and health history, the odds ratio for meeting the DHHS PA recommendation among participants with HC compared with those without HC was 0.86 (95% CI 0.83, 0.89). CONCLUSION Although a large proportion of adults reporting HC report engaging in a volume of MVPA necessary to meet national guidelines, their odds of meeting these guidelines and their MVPA volume may be significantly lower than adults who did not report HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Guitard Sein-Echaluce ML, Torres Puig-gros J, Farreny Justribó D, Gutiérrez Vilaplana JM, Martínez Orduna M, Artigues Barberá EM. [Adherence to physical activity recommendations in a hypertensive primary care population]. GACETA SANITARIA 2013; 27:365-8. [PMID: 23287102 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of adherence to physical activity recommendations in the hypertensive population of Lerida (Spain) attended in primary care and to identify related factors. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in hypertensive adults. The dependent variable was adherence to physical activity recommendations measured with the Minnesota Questionnaire. The independent variables were sociodemographic factors, the information received, and attitudes to physical activity. RESULTS A total of 786 hypertensive patients participated in this study; 53.9% were women and the mean age was 66.0±10.2 years. Adherence to recommendations was found in 64.3% (95% CI: 60.9-67.6); this percentage was 65.2% in men (95% CI: 60.2-70.0) and 63.4% in women (95% CI: 58.8-67.9). Greater adherence was associated with age in men and with residence in a rural area in women. In both genders, greater adherence was associated with unpaid work and with having a favorable attitude to physical activity. No association was observed with the number of recommendations received in the last 6 months. CONCLUSIONS More than half the hypertensive population adhered to physical activity recommendations. To improve physical activity levels, recommendations can be tailored to the attitudes of individual patients.
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Churilla JR, Magyari PM, Ford ES, Fitzhugh EC, Johnson TM. Muscular strengthening activity patterns and metabolic health risk among US adults. J Diabetes 2012; 4:77-84. [PMID: 22099352 PMCID: PMC4582396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00172.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have examined the relationship between physical activity and metabolic disorders. However, few have focused on specific associations between these disorders and muscular strengthening activity (MSA) patterns. The aim of the present study was to examine the association(s) for each metabolic syndrome criterion and MSA patterns. METHODS The study sample (n = 5618) consisted of adults ≥20 years of age who participated in the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cut-off points for metabolic syndrome criteria were derived from the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute definition. The aggregate of data on weight lifting, push-ups, and sit-ups was used to establish patterns of MSA. Participants reporting ≥2 days/week MSA were coded as meeting current US MSA guidelines. RESULTS Following adjustments, participants reporting ≥2 days/week MSA were found to be 28% (OR 0.72; 95% CI 0.62, 0.83) less likely to have dyslipidemia, 29% (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.54, 0.93) less likely to have impaired fasting glucose, 19% (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.65, 0.99) less likely to have prehypertension, and 43% (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.46, 0.72) less likely to have augmented waist circumference compared with those reporting engaging in no MSA. No association was found for hypertension and MSA. CONCLUSION Engaging in ≥2 days/week MSA as part of an overall physical activity regimen may be prudent in preserving metabolic health. These findings strengthen the relationship between MSA and metabolic health; thus, clinicians should include MSA when discussing lifestyle approaches to better health.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Brooks College of Health, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.
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Sorace P, Churilla JR, Magyari PM. RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR HYPERTENSION. ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0b013e31823d0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Churilla JR, Johnson TM, Magyari PM, Crouter SE. Descriptive analysis of resistance exercise and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2012; 6:42-47. [PMID: 23014254 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise (RE) is an important mode of physical activity in the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, little is known about the patterns of RE participation among U.S. adults with and without MetS. METHODS Utilizing data from 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined the association(s) between MetS and RE in a representative sample (n=7432) of the U.S. adult population. RESULTS U.S. adults with MetS were found to be approximately 50% less likely to report engaging in RE compared to U.S. adults without MetS. Across all demographic categories those who did not meet the criteria for MetS reported engaging in significantly greater levels of RE compared to their counterparts with MetS. Furthermore, a potential inverse dose-response relationship was seen for engaging in RE and the prevalence of MetS. CONCLUSIONS In a diverse representative sample, significantly fewer U.S. adults with MetS report engaging in RE compared to adults without MetS. Engaging in two or more days per week of RE may attenuate MetS prevalence and risk estimates in U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Churilla
- Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Bldg 39, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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Ahn S, Zhao H, Smith ML, Ory MG, Phillips CD. BMI and lifestyle changes as correlates to changes in self-reported diagnosis of hypertension among older Chinese adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:21-30. [PMID: 21273158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition transition theory attributes increased prevalence of high blood pressure to excess body weight associated with lifestyle changes in recent decades. We examined the association of changes in self-reported hypertension diagnoses with changes in body mass index (BMI), health-related behaviors, health status, and social risk factors among older Chinese adults from 1997 to 2006. Data from the longitudinal China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were analyzed for adults who were age 60 years and older, had a BMI exceeding 18.6 kg/m(2), and reported no diagnosis of hypertension at baseline (n = 1928). Logistic regression models identified factors contributing to staying nonhypertensive or developing hypertension over time. Approximately 17.8% (n = 324) of study participants developed self-reported hypertension, whereas 83.2% (n = 1604) remained without hypertension. Those who stayed overweight or obese or became overweight or obese were more likely to report a new hypertension diagnosis. Incident diagnoses were also observed among those who developed acute conditions, sustained memory loss, or increased their income, whereas remaining nonhypertensive was more likely among rural residents and those who became more physically active and quit drinking alcohol. Study findings provided partial support for the nutrition transition theory whereby changing demographics and lifestyle factors were associated with increases in incident hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangNam Ahn
- Department of Social and Behavioral Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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