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Cole JB, Lee SC, Prekker ME, Kunzler NM, Considine KA, Driver BE, Puskarich MA, Olives TD. Vasodilation in patients with calcium channel blocker poisoning treated with high-dose insulin: a comparison of amlodipine versus non-dihydropyridines. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:1205-1213. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2131565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon B. Cole
- Minnesota Poison Control System, Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samantha C. Lee
- Minnesota Poison Control System, Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Matthew E. Prekker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nathan M. Kunzler
- Minnesota Poison Control System, Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Brian E. Driver
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael A. Puskarich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Travis D. Olives
- Minnesota Poison Control System, Department of Pharmacy, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Li W, Shou X, Xiang W, He L, Li L, Fu H, Mao J. Urinary Sediment mRNA Level of CREBBP and CYBA in Children With Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801313. [PMID: 35173708 PMCID: PMC8841695 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate gene expression patterns in urinary sediment samples of children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).MethodsThe messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 770 immune-related genes were detected using a NanoString nCounter platform. To verify the NanoString results, quantitative analysis of nine gene mRNAs was performed using real-time RT-PCR in more samples.ResultsFirstly, compared with the steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) group (n=3), significant changes were observed in the mRNA level of 70 genes, including MAP3K14, CYBA, SLC3A2, CREB-binding protein (CREBBP), CD68, forkhead box P1 (FOXP1), CD74, ITGB2, IFI30, and so forth, in the SRNS group (n=3). A total of 129 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), 15 with acute glomerulonephritis, and 6 with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) were enrolled to verify the NanoString results. Compared with patients with IgAN, those with INS had significantly lower levels of FOXP1 (P=0.047) and higher levels of CREBBP (P=0.023). Among SSNS, the mRNA level of ITGB2 was significantly lower in the non-relapse group than in the non-frequent relapse and frequent-relapse groups (P=0.006). Compared with the SSNS group, CREBBP was significantly elevated in the SRNS group (P=0.02). Further, CYBA significantly decreased in the SRNS group (P=0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) for CREBBP and CYBA was 0.655 and 0.669, respectively. CREBBP had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 49.4% and CYBA had a sensitivity of 58.3% and a specificity of 83.1% to rule out SSNS and SRNS. The diagnosis value was better for CREBBP+CYBA than for CREBBP or CYBA alone, indicating that the combination of CREBBP and CYBA was a more effective biomarker in predicting steroid resistance (AUC=0.666; sensitivity=63.9%; specificity=76.4%).ConclusionsThis study was novel in investigating the urinary sediment mRNA level in children with INS using high-throughput NanoString nCounter technology, and 70 genes that may relate to SRNS were found. The results revealed that the urinary sediment mRNA level of ITGB2 was significantly lower in the non-relapse group than in the non-frequent relapse and frequent-relapse groups. Meanwhile, CREBBP was significantly elevated and CYBA was significantly lowered in the SRNS group compared with the SSNS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Shou
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haidong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’ s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center For Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Mao,
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Samadi-Noshahr Z, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Hadjzadeh MAR, Shafei MN, Salmani H, Hosseinian S, Khajavi-Rad A. trans-Anethole attenuated renal injury and reduced expressions of angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) and TGF-β in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2021; 185:117-127. [PMID: 33771655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process in diabetic nephropathy that causes renal failure and dysfunction. Given the known anti-diabetic effects of trans-Anethole (TA), we aimed to investigate its renoprotective and anti-fibrotic effect alone and in combination with losartan in diabetic nephropathy. Male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were treated orally with saline, TA (80 mg/kg), losartan (Los; 10 mg/kg), or the combination of TA and losartan (TA-Los) daily for five weeks. Renal function was monitored during the study, and renal fibrosis, oxidative stress markers, apoptotic cells, and the expression and localization of AT1R, TGF-β1, and Col-IV were detected in the kidney. Results showed that TA alone and in combination with losartan was able to decrease blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels and improve kidney function parameters. TA, Los, and TA-Los significantly reduced tubule vascular degeneration, glomerular and tubulointerstitial sclerosis, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that TA, losartan, and TA-losartan combination downregulated the AT1R, Col IV, and TGF-β1 expression and distribution in diabetic rat kidneys. Results suggest that TA is able to suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, probably by decreasing blood glucose levels and downregulating AT1R and TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi-Noshahr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mosa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseinian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi-Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Sueta D, Yamamoto E, Tsujita K. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockers: Novel Selective Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:21. [PMID: 32114686 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recently, nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists (MRAs), which have been proposed to be called MR blockers (MRBs), have become available for clinical use, but their clinical role is unknown. We reviewed the clinical roles of MRAs and MRBs based on previous knowledge and as demonstrated in representative clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Steroidal MRAs, such as spironolactone and eplerenone, inhibit the action of aldosterone and cortisol in MRs expressed in several organs and cell types, and accumulating clinical studies have revealed that they exert hypotensive and cardiorenal protective effects. Recently, MRBs, including finerenone and esaxerenone, have been developed and are expected to lower the risk of hyperkalemia, which is common when steroidal MRAs are used. Although the differences between MRAs and MRBs in clinical practice have not yet been established, further studies in this field are expected to broaden our understanding. MRBs exert antihypertensive and cardiorenal protective effects, and their potency is thought to be far superior to that of MRAs, because MRBs have both strong MR inhibitory action and high selectivity. Thus, MRBs could be a promising agent for the treatment of hypertension and cardiorenal, cerebral, and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, 860-8556, Japan
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Cota-Coronado A, Ramírez-Rodríguez PB, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz ÉNF, Flores-Fernández JM, Ávila-Gónzalez D, Diaz-Martinez NE. Implications of human induced pluripotent stem cells in metabolic disorders: from drug discovery toward precision medicine. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:334-341. [PMID: 30292915 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) enable in vitro high-throughput pharmacological screening assays of diseased tissue. Together with recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS), hiPSCs enable the identification of key mutations for the development of effective treatments based on precise drugs. In concert with CRISPR/Cas9 systems, hiPSC technology can reveal therapeutic targets in metabolic disorders. The ex vivo CRISPR correction of autologous patient-derived hiPSCs has led to the development of replacement cell therapies, providing better patient prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Cota-Coronado
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - éNstor F Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose M Flores-Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 474 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada; División de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias e Innovación Agrícola Sustentable, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero, Carretera Toluca-Ixtapan de la Sal, Km 64.5, La Finca, 61763, Villa Guerrero, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Daniela Ávila-Gónzalez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico; Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Emmanuel Diaz-Martinez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Clinical roles of calcium channel blockers in ischemic heart diseases. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:423-428. [PMID: 28123178 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) channel blockers (CCBs) inhibit Ca2+ channels in the myocardium or vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibit myocardium contraction, inhibit the impulse conduction system (anti-arrhythmias) and cause vasodilation. New classifications based on subtypes of Ca channels and α1 subunits have been proposed. Moreover, CCBs have pleiotropic effects on coronary spastic angina (CSA), including variant angina, myocardial infarction (MI) and stent thrombosis (ST). Although the roles of CCBs in clinical situations remain unknown, further studies in this field are expected to broaden our understanding. In this article, we explain the clinical roles of CCBs in ischemic heart diseases, such as CSA, MI and ST, based on previous knowledge and as demonstrated in representative clinical trials.
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Choudhary R, Bodakhe SH. Magnesium taurate prevents cataractogenesis via restoration of lenticular oxidative damage and ATPase function in cadmium chloride-induced hypertensive experimental animals. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:836-844. [PMID: 27728893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we found that hypertension potentiates the risk the cataractogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of magnesium taurate (MgT) on hypertension and associated lenticular damages against cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced hypertensive animals. Male Sprague-Dawley albino rats (150-180g) were assigned to five experimental groups (n=6). Among the five groups, normal group received 0.3% carboxymethyl cellulose (10ml/kg/day, p.o.). Hypertension control group received CdCl2 (0.5mg/kg/day, i.p.). Tests and standard groups received MgT (3 and 6mg/kg/day, p.o.) and amlodipine (3mg/kg/day, p.o.) concurrently with CdCl2 respectively, for six consecutive weeks. Blood pressure, heart rate, and eyes were examined biweekly, and pathophysiological parameters in serum and eye lenses were evaluated after six weeks of the experimental protocol. The chronic administration of MgT concurrently with CdCl2 significantly restored the blood pressure, serum and lens antioxidants (CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH), MDA level, and ions (Na+, K+, and Ca2+). Additionally, MgT treatment led to significant increase in the lens proteins (total and soluble), Ca2+ ATPase, and Na+K+ ATPase activity as compared to hypertension control group. Ophthalmoscope observations indicated that MgT treatments delayed the progression of cataract against the hypertensive state. The study shows that MgT prevents the progression of cataractogenesis via restoration of blood pressure, lenticular oxidative damages, and lens ATPase functions in the hypertensive state. The results suggest that MgT supplement may play a beneficial role to manage hypertension and associated cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495009, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Kusaka H, Sueta D, Koibuchi N, Hasegawa Y, Nakagawa T, Lin B, Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S. LCZ696, Angiotensin II Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor, Ameliorates High-Salt-Induced Hypertension and Cardiovascular Injury More Than Valsartan Alone. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:1409-17. [PMID: 25762811 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCZ696, an angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, has recently been demonstrated to exert more beneficial effects on hypertensive or heart failure patients than conventional renin-angiotensin system blockers. However, the mechanism underlying the benefit of LCZ696 remains to be understood. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of LCZ696 compared with valsartan on hypertension and cardiovascular injury. METHODS (i) Using telemetry, we compared the hypotensive effect of LCZ696 and valsartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that were fed a high-salt diet followed by a low-salt diet. (ii) We also examined the comparative effect of LCZ696 and valsartan on salt loaded SHRcp, a model of metabolic syndrome. RESULTS (i) LCZ696 exerted a greater blood pressure (BP) lowering effect than valsartan in SHR regardless of high-salt or low-salt intake. Additive BP reduction by LCZ696 was associated with a significant increase in urinary sodium excretion and sympathetic activity suppression. (ii) LCZ696 significantly ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation, coronary arterial remodeling, and vascular endothelial dysfunction in high-salt loaded SHRcp compared with valsartan. CONCLUSIONS LCZ696 caused greater BP reduction than valsartan in SHR regardless of the degree of salt intake, which was associated with a significant enhancement in urinary sodium excretion and sympathetic activity suppression. Furthermore, an additive BP lowering effect of LCZ696 led to greater cardiovascular protection in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kusaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - BoWen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan;
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Sueta D, Koibuchi N, Hasegawa Y, Toyama K, Uekawa K, Katayama T, Ma M, Nakagawa T, Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Telmisartan exerts sustained blood pressure control and reduces blood pressure variability in metabolic syndrome by inhibiting sympathetic activity. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:1464-71. [PMID: 24871627 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence on blood pressure (BP) reduction with various angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) show that the magnitudes and durations of BP control differ across ARBs. However, the mechanism of ARBs is unknown. This work was undertaken to compare telmisartan and valsartan in duration of BP control, BP variability, and effects on the autonomic nervous system. METHODS Using radiotelemetry combined with spectral analysis with a fast Fourier transformation algorithm, we compared the effects of various doses of telmisartan and valsartan on BP and its variability during dark (active phase) and light (inactive phase) periods over 5 weeks in SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+)(SHRcp) rats, a model of metabolic syndrome. We also compared the effects of these ARBs on autonomic nervous system, central oxidative stress, and inflammation in SHRcp rats. RESULTS Telmisartan exerted a longer-lasting BP-lowering effect and greater attenuation of BP variability in SHRcp than valsartan. Telmisartan decreased low frequency power of systolic BP and increased spontaneous baroreflex gain in SHRcp during both the dark and light periods more than valsartan. Telmisartan reduced 24-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion more than valsartan. Furthermore, telmisartan attenuated oxidative stress and the numbers of gp91(phox)-positive cells and activated microglia and astrocytes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of SHRcp rats more than valsartan. CONCLUSIONS The superiority of telmisartan over valsartan in sustained BP control and reduction of BP variability was attributed to more suppression of sympathetic activity and more improvement of baroreceptor reflex. The greater suppression of sympathetic activity by telmisartan appeared to be partially mediated by a stronger amelioration of central oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Koibuchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yu Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Toyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ken Uekawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Katayama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - MingJie Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shokei Kim-Mitsuyama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan;
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Müller-Fielitz H, Hübel N, Mildner M, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J, Raasch W. Chronic blockade of angiotensin AT₁ receptors improves cardinal symptoms of metabolic syndrome in diet-induced obesity in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:746-60. [PMID: 24490862 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AT₁ receptor antagonists decrease body weight gain in models of murine obesity. However, fewer data are available concerning the anti-obesity effects of these antagonists, given as a treatment after obesity had been established. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In spontaneously hypertensive rats, obesity was established by cafeteria diet (CD) feeding for 19 weeks. Rats were then were treated with telmisartan (8 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) or amlodipine (10 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹; serving as blood pressure control) or telmisartan + amlodipine (2 + 10 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹; to control for dose-dependency) for 17 weeks. Rats receiving only chow (C(chow)) or CD-fed rats treated with vehicle (C(CD)) served as controls. KEY RESULTS The CD feeding induced obesity, hyperphagia, hyperlipidaemia, and leptin and insulin resistance. Telmisartan reduced the CD-induced increase in body weight and abdominal fat mass. Whereas energy intake was higher rather than lower, the respiratory ratio was lower. After telmisartan, leptin-induced energy intake was reduced and respiratory ratio was increased compared with C(CD) rats. Telmisartan also decreased plasma levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids and low-density lipoprotein. Amlodipine alone or the combination telmisartan + amlodipine did not affect body weight and eating behaviour. Telmisartan, but not amlodipine and telmisartan + amlodipine, improved glucose utilization. The decrease in BP reduction was almost the same in all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Telmisartan exerted anti-obesity effects and restored leptin sensitivity, given as a treatment to rats with obesity. Such effects required high doses of telmisartan and were independent of the decrease in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Nakagami H, Pang Z, Shimosato T, Moritani T, Kurinami H, Koriyama H, Tenma A, Shimamura M, Morishita R. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin improved endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance in the SHR/NDmcr-cp rat model of metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:629-35. [PMID: 24621463 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and metabolic syndrome are major risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. In this study, we used spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR)/NDmcr-cp (cp/cp) (SHRcp) rats as a model for metabolic syndrome to examine the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibition on hypertension, glucose metabolism and endothelial dysfunction. First, we confirmed that SHRcp rats showed very severe obesity, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction phenotypes from 14 to 54 weeks of age. Next, we examined whether the DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin (10 mg kg(-1) per day per os for 12 weeks) could modify any of these phenotypes. Treatment with teneligliptin significantly improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, as evidenced by an oral glucose tolerance test and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, respectively. Teneligliptin showed no effects on systolic blood pressure or heart rate. In regard to endothelial function, the vasodilator response to acetylcholine was significantly impaired in SHRcp rats when compared with WKY rats. Long-term treatment with teneligliptin significantly attenuated endothelial dysfunction through the upregulation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthase mRNA. These results demonstrate that long-term treatment with teneligliptin significantly improved endothelial dysfunction and glucose metabolism in a rat model of metabolic syndrome, suggesting that teneligliptin treatment might be beneficial for patients with hypertension and/or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Nakagami
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhengda Pang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hitomi Kurinami
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koriyama
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Tenma
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Okamura T, Tawa M, Geddawy A, Shimosato T, Iwasaki H, Shintaku H, Yoshida Y, Masada M, Shinozaki K, Imamura T. Effects of atorvastatin, amlodipine, and their combination on vascular dysfunction in insulin-resistant rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 124:76-85. [PMID: 24389820 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13178fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in the vascular tissue contributes to endothelial dysfunction through reduced eNOS activity and increased superoxide anion (O2(-)) generation in the insulin-resistant state. We investigated the effects of atorvastatin, a 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor; amlodipine, a calcium antagonist; and their combination on blood pressure, arterial relaxation and contraction, and vascular oxidative stress in aortas of high fructose-fed rats. Oral administration of atorvastatin for 8 weeks did not significantly lower blood pressure, but normalized angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and endothelial function in the fructose-fed rats. Atorvastatin treatment of fructose-fed rats increased vascular BH4 content, which was associated with an increase in endothelial NO synthase activity as well as a reduction in endothelial O2(-) production. On the other hand, administration of amlodipine did not affect the angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction and endothelial function, but normalized the elevated blood pressure in the fructose-fed rats. The combined treatment did not show synergistic but additive beneficial effects. The present study suggests that combined therapy of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and calcium antagonists prevents functional vascular disorders in the insulin-resistant state, possibly resulting in the protection against or delay of development of hypertension, vascular dysfunction in diabetes, and thereafter atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomio Okamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
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13
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Katayama T, Sueta D, Kataoka K, Hasegawa Y, Koibuchi N, Toyama K, Uekawa K, Mingjie M, Nakagawa T, Maeda M, Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Long-term renal denervation normalizes disrupted blood pressure circadian rhythm and ameliorates cardiovascular injury in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000197. [PMID: 23974905 PMCID: PMC3828797 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Although renal denervation significantly reduces blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension, the role of the renal nerve in hypertension with metabolic syndrome is unknown. We investigated the impact of long‐term renal denervation on SHR/NDmcr‐cp(+/+) (SHRcp) rats, a useful rat model of metabolic syndrome, to determine the role of the renal nerve in hypertension with metabolic syndrome. Methods and Results SHRcp rats were divided into (1) a renal denervation (RD) group and (2) a sham operation group (control) to examine the effects of long‐term RD on blood pressure circadian rhythm, renal sodium retention‐related molecules, the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system, metabolic disorders, and organ injury. RD in SHRcp rats not only significantly reduced blood pressure but also normalized blood pressure circadian rhythm from the nondipper to the dipper type, and this improvement was associated with an increase in urinary sodium excretion and the suppression of renal Na+‐Cl− cotransporter upregulation. RD significantly reduced plasma renin activity. RD significantly prevented cardiovascular remodeling and impairment of vascular endothelial function and attenuated cardiovascular oxidative stress. However, RD failed to ameliorate obesity, metabolic disorders, and renal injury and failed to reduce systemic sympathetic activity in SHRcp rats. Conclusions By including the upregulation of the Na+‐Cl− cotransporter, the renal sympathetic nerve is involved in the disruption of blood pressure circadian rhythm as well as hypertension in metabolic syndrome. Thus, RD seems to be a useful therapeutic strategy for hypertension with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuji Katayama
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Sueta D, Kataoka K, Koibuchi N, Toyama K, Uekawa K, Katayama T, Mingjie M, Nakagawa T, Waki H, Maeda M, Yasuda O, Matsui K, Ogawa H, Kim-Mitsuyama S. Novel mechanism for disrupted circadian blood pressure rhythm in a rat model of metabolic syndrome--the critical role of angiotensin II. J Am Heart Assoc 2013; 2:e000035. [PMID: 23629805 PMCID: PMC3698757 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.113.000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to determine the characteristics and mechanism of hypertension in SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a new model of metabolic syndrome, with a focus on the autonomic nervous system, aldosterone, and angiotensin II. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured arterial blood pressure (BP) in SHRcp by radiotelemetry combined with spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transformation algorithm and examined the effect of azilsartan, an AT1 receptor blocker. Compared with control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR, SHRcp exhibited a nondipper-type hypertension and displayed increased urinary norepinephrine excretion and increased urinary and plasma aldosterone levels. Compared with WKY and SHR, SHRcp were characterized by an increase in the low-frequency power (LF) of systolic BP and a decrease in spontaneous baroreflex gain (sBRG), indicating autonomic dysfunction. Thus, SHRcp are regarded as a useful model of human hypertension with metabolic syndrome. Oral administration of azilsartan once daily persistently lowered BP during the light period (inactive phase) and the dark period (active phase) in SHRcp more than in WKY and SHR. Thus, angiotensin II seems to be involved in the mechanism of disrupted diurnal BP rhythm in SHRcp. Azilsartan significantly reduced urinary norepinephrine and aldosterone excretion and significantly increased urinary sodium excretion in SHRcp. Furthermore, azilsartan significantly reduced LF of systolic BP and significantly increased sBRG in SHRcp. CONCLUSIONS These results strongly suggest that impairment of autonomic function and increased aldosterone in SHRcp mediate the effect of angiotensin II on circadian blood pressure rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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15
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Mitsuyama S. [Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain and cardiorenal system]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 140:121-6. [PMID: 22975826 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.140.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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