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Yadollahi-Farsani Y, Vanani VR, Lorigooini Z, Farahzad A, Amini-Khoei H. Anethole via increase in the gene expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR mitigates the autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation stress in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:1-7. [PMID: 38145174 PMCID: PMC10733685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence in the world. The maternal separation (MS) stress at early life with its own neuroendocrine and neurostructural changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Previously it has been reported neuroprotective characteristics for anethole. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has pivotal role in the function of central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of anethole on the autistic-like behaviors in the maternally separated (MS) mice focusing on the potential role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were assigned to five groups (n = 8) comprising a control group (treated with normal saline) and four groups subjected to MS and treated with normal saline and or anethole at doses of 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. All gents were administrated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for 14 constant days. Behavioral tests were conducted, including the three-chamber test, shuttle box and resident-intruder test. The gene expression of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR assessed in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Findings indicated that MS is associated with autistic-like behaviors. Anethole increased the sociability and social preference indexes in the three-chamber test, increased duration of secondary latency in the shuttle box test and decreased aggressive behaviors in the resident-intruder test. Also, anethole increased the gene expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the hippocampus of MS mice. We concluded that anethole through increase in the gene expression of PI3K/ AKT/mTOR mitigated autistic-like behaviors induced by MS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Yadollahi-Farsani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vahid Reisi Vanani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Anahita Farahzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Rostami-Faradonbeh N, Amini-Khoei H, Zarean E, Bijad E, Lorigooini Z. Anethole as a promising antidepressant for maternal separation stress in mice by modulating oxidative stress and nitrite imbalance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7766. [PMID: 38565927 PMCID: PMC10987547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of major depressive disorder is widespread and can be observed in individuals belonging to all societies. It has been suggested that changes in the NO pathway and heightened oxidative stress may play a role in developing this condition. Anethole is a diterpene aromatic compound found in the Umbelliferae, Apiaceae, and Schisandraceae families. It has potential pharmacological effects like antioxidant, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, anticancer, estrogenic, and antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to investigate the potential antidepressant properties of Anethole in a mouse model experiencing maternal separation stress while also examining its impact on oxidative stress and nitrite levels. The research involved the participation of 40 male NMRI mice, separated into five distinct groups to conduct the study. The control group was administered 1 ml/kg of normal saline, while the MS groups were given normal saline and Anethole at 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg doses. The study comprised various behavioural tests, including the open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and splash test, to assess the effects of Anethole on the mice. In addition to the behavioural tests, measurements were taken to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels in the hippocampus of the mice. According to the findings, maternal separation stress (MS) led to depressive-like conduct in mice, including a rise in immobility duration during the FST and a reduction in the duration of grooming behaviour in the splash test. Additionally, the results indicated that MS correlated with an increase in the levels of MDA and nitrite and a reduction in the TAC in the hippocampus. However, the administration of Anethole resulted in an increase in grooming activity time during the splash test and a decrease in immobility time during the FST. Anethole also exhibited antioxidant characteristics, as demonstrated by its ability to lower MDA and nitrite levels while increasing the TAC in the hippocampus. The results suggest that Anethole may have an antidepressant-like impact on mice separated from their mothers, likely partly due to its antioxidant properties in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Zarean
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Elham Bijad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Moradi Vastegani S, Khoshnam SE, Mansouri E, Ghafouri S, Bakhtiari N, Farbood Y, Sarkaki A. Anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective potentials of anethole in Parkinson's disease-like motor and non-motor symptoms induced by rotenone in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2159-2174. [PMID: 37204660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds are considered a potential therapeutic strategy against PD. The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of anethole as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against motor and non-motor deficits induced by rotenone toxicity. Rats were treated with anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) for 5 weeks. After the treatment, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate motor function and depression-/anxiety-like behaviors. After the behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and brains were removed for histological analysis. Striatum samples were also isolated for neurochemical, and molecular analysis. Our data showed that rotenone-induced motor deficit, anxiety-and depression-like behaviors were significantly improved in rats treated with anethole. Furthermore, anethole treatment reduced inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 in the striatum of rotenone-induced PD rats. Western blot analysis showed that treatment with anethole markedly suppressed caspase-3 activation induced by rotenone. Moreover, histological examination of striatum showed an increase in the number of surviving neurons after treatment with anethole. Anethole also significantly enhanced the striatal levels of dopamine in rotenone-induced PD rats. In addition, treatment with L-Dopa as a positive control group had effects similar to those of anethole on histological, neurochemical, and molecular parameters in rotenone-induced parkinsonian rats. Our results suggested the neuroprotective effects of anethole through anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant mechanisms against rotenone-induced toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Wan J, Liu Q, Ma C, Muhoza B, Huang Y, Sun M, Song S, Ho CT. Characteristic flavor fingerprint disclosure of dzo beef in Tibet by applying SAFE-GC-O-MS and HS-GC-IMS technology. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112581. [PMID: 36914343 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the overall flavor of the dzo beef, fatty acids, volatile compounds and aroma profiles of dzo beef samples (raw beef (RB), broth (BT) and cooked beef (CB)) were investigated by head-space-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The fatty acid analysis showed a decrease in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, which decreased from 2.60 % in RB to 0.51 % in CB. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that HS-GC-IMS was able to distinguish different samples. A total of 19 characteristic compounds with odor activity value (OAV) > 1 were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). Fruity, caramellic, fatty and fermented attributes were enhanced after stewing. Butyric acid and 4-methylphenol were responsible for the stronger off-odor in RB. 3-Hydroxy-2-butanone and 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone with buttery and caramellic attributes were dominated in BT, while (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal prominently conferred fatty attribute on CB. Furthermore, anethole with anisic aroma was first identified in beef, which may be one of the typical chemical markers that distinguish dzo beef from other varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Wan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Changzhong Ma
- Department of Food Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Tibet 860000, China
| | - Bertrand Muhoza
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yaling Huang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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da Rocha EMT, Bracht L, Gonçalves OH, Leimann FV, Ames FQ, Schneider LCL, Duda JV, Cardia GFE, Bonetti CI, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Development and characterization of trans- anethole-containing solid lipid microparticles: antiinflammatory and gastroprotective effects in experimental inflammation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023; 396:469-484. [PMID: 36385686 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study prepared, optimized, and characterized solid lipid microparticles that contained trans-anethole (SLMAN), evaluated their antiinflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammation models, and investigated their effects on the gastric mucosa in arthritic rats. The microparticles were obtained by a hot homogenization process and characterized by physicochemical analyses. The acute inflammatory response was induced by an intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of carrageenan solution (200 μg) in the hind paw. The rats were treated orally with a single dose of SLMAN 1 h before induction of the inflammatory response. The chronic inflammatory response was induced by the subcutaneous application of 0.1 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant suspension (500 µg) in the hind paw. SLMAN was orally administered, starting on the day of arthritis induction, and continued for 21 days. The results showed that SLMAN was obtained with good encapsulation efficiency. Treatment with SLMAN at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg was as effective as trans-anethole (AN) at a dose of 250 mg/kg on acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Histological analyses showed that treatment with SLMAN did not aggravate lesions in the gastric mucosa in arthritic rats. These results indicated that treatment with SLMAN at a dose that was 5-10 times lower than non-encapsulated AN exerted an inhibitory effect on acute and chronic inflammatory responses, suggesting the better bioavailability and efficacy of microencapsulated AN without aggravating lesions in the gastric mucosa in arthritic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvalkia Magna Teobaldo da Rocha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bloco K68, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Odinei Hess Gonçalves
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), BR 369, Km 0.5, POBox 271, Campo Mourão, PR, 87301-006, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vitória Leimann
- Post-Graduation Program of Food Technology (PPGTA), Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), BR 369, Km 0.5, POBox 271, Campo Mourão, PR, 87301-006, Brazil
| | - Franciele Queiroz Ames
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bloco K68, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Larissa Carla Lauer Schneider
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - João Victor Duda
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernando Esteves Cardia
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bloco K68, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Carla Indianara Bonetti
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bloco K68, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil.
| | - Ciomar Aparecida Bersani-Amado
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Bloco K68, State University of Maringá (UEM), Avenue Colombo, 5790, Jd. Universitário, 87020-900, Maringá, Brazil
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Joo YE, Jeong PS, Lee S, Jeon SB, Gwon MA, Kim MJ, Kang HG, Song BS, Kim SU, Cho SK, Sim BW. Anethole improves the developmental competence of porcine embryos by reducing oxidative stress via the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:32. [PMID: 36814325 PMCID: PMC9945695 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anethole (AN) is an organic antioxidant compound with a benzene ring and is expected to have a positive impact on early embryogenesis in mammals. However, no study has examined the effect of AN on porcine embryonic development. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AN on the development of porcine embryos and the underlying mechanism. RESULTS We cultured porcine in vitro-fertilized embryos in medium with AN (0, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) for 6 d. AN at 0.5 mg/mL significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate, trophectoderm cell number, and cellular survival rate compared to the control. AN-supplemented embryos exhibited significantly lower reactive oxygen species levels and higher glutathione levels than the control. Moreover, AN significantly improved the quantity of mitochondria and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the lipid droplet, fatty acid, and ATP levels. Interestingly, the levels of proteins and genes related to the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway were significantly increased by AN. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed that AN improved the developmental competence of porcine preimplantation embryos by activating SHH signaling against oxidative stress and could be used for large-scale production of high-quality porcine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Joo
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Pil-Soo Jeong
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Se-Been Jeon
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Min-Ah Gwon
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.412077.70000 0001 0744 1296Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Gu Kang
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.254230.20000 0001 0722 6377Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bong-Seok Song
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- grid.249967.70000 0004 0636 3099Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea ,grid.412786.e0000 0004 1791 8264Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea.
| | - Bo-Woong Sim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Vastegani SM, Khoshnam SE, Mansouri E, Hajipour S, Ghafouri S, Bakhtiari N, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Neuroprotective effect of anethole against rotenone induced non-motor deficits and oxidative stress in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114100. [PMID: 36075399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-motor symptoms (NMS) have high prevalence in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These symptoms are mainly the result of increased oxidative stress and neuronal damage. In this study we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of anethole as a potent antioxidant on rotenone-induced behavioral deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and oxidative stress profile in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were administered with anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) for 35 days. Shuttle box and novel object recognition tests were performed to determine cognitive functions, and tail flick test was used to measure pain sensitivity. The levels of BDNF, MDA, SOD, and GPx were assayed in the hippocampus. Hippocampal neuronal damage was evaluated using cresyl violet staining technique. RESULTS Chronic administration of rotenone induced cognitive deficit and reduced thermal pain threshold. Rotenone also decreased SOD and GPx activities, increased MDA level, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In addition, hippocampal neuronal loss was increased in rotenone treated rats. Treatment with high dose of anethole (250 mg/kg) improved cognitive function and increased pain threshold in all three doses (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg). Despite the unchanged SOD and GPx activities, hippocampal levels of MDA was significantly decreased after high-dose anethole treatment. Moreover, High dose of anethole increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus, but couldn't increase the BDNF expression. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that anethole has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against non-motor disorders induced by rotenone toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Moradi Vastegani
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Esrafil Mansouri
- Cellular and molecular research center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nima Bakhtiari
- Pain Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Younis NS, Mohamed ME. Anethole's effects against myocardial infarction: The role of TLR4/NFκB and Nrf2/HO1 pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109947. [PMID: 35430261 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring new drugs for the management of myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial, as MI is a major contributor to mortality worldwide. Anethole, a naturally occurring essential oil component, has numerous medicinal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic purposes. This study explored the potential action of anethole to protect myocytes against MI injure. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal; anethole; and isoproterenol (ISO) groups in addition to two groups of ISO + anethole (125 and 250 mg/kg). All anethole groups were administered the oil component for 30 days, and all ISO groups were challenged with ISO on the 28th and 29th days. Parameters measured included infracted area, ECG, cardiac markers, the expression of Keap 1, nuclear Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1, as well as the expression of TLR4 and MYD88 together with subsequent downstream oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers. RESULTS Anethole reduced infarct region, degenerated cardiac indicators levels, amended ECG alterations, and diminished myocardial necrosis. Anethole reduced Keap-1, activated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, increased mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme activities, declined the TLR4/MYD88 pathway, and ameliorated myocardial inflammation and cell death markers. CONCLUSION Anethole may retain a cardio-protective potential by controlling myocardial oxidative stress (through Nrf2 pathway) and diminishing inflammation and apoptosis via the TLR4/MYD88 pathway.
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Qu H, Zhang Y, He R, Lin N, Wang C. Anethole inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulating ERK/AKT signaling and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108113. [PMID: 34530203 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a chronic population health hazard systemic metabolic disease caused by excessive bone resorption and reduced bone formation. The activity between osteoblast and osteoclast, with their mutual effects, influence the procedure of normal bone remodeling. Over-activated osteoclast differentiation and function play a crucial role in excessive bone resorption. Hence, therapy strategies targeting osteoclast activity may promote the bone mass preservation and delay the osteoporosis process. Natural compound (anethole) is emerging as potential therapeutics for various metabolic diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of anethole on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and function in vitro and in vivo. Here, in vitro TRAP staining assay was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of anethole on osteoclast differentiation. Bone pits resorption assay revealed that osteoclast-mediated bone resorption was inhibited by anethole. At mRNA and protein levels, anethole significantly reduced the expression of osteoclast-specific genes expression in a concentration- or time-dependent manner, including NFATc1, MMP-9, DC-STAMP, c-F, TRAP, CTR, Cathepsin K, and V-ATPase d2. Furthermore, intracellular signaling transduction assay indicated that anethole inhibited osteoclast formation via blocking ERK and AKT signaling. GSK3β, the downstream signal of AKT, is simultaneously suppressed with anethole treatment. Based on ovariectomized (OVX) mice model, micro-CT and histological staining results suggested that anethole prevented estrogen deficiency-induced bone mass loss and increased osteoclast activity in vivo. In conclusion, our results show significant indications that anethole exhibits an osteoprotective effect and may be potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Yuankang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, XinJian District People's Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Rongxin He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Nong Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, PR China.
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Bergau N, Herfurth UM, Sachse B, Abraham K, Monien BH. Bioactivation of estragole and anethole leads to common adducts in DNA and hemoglobin. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112253. [PMID: 34015424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estragole and anethole are secondary metabolites occurring in a variety of commonly used herbs like fennel, basil, and anise. Estragole is genotoxic and carcinogenic in rodents, which depends on the formation of 1'-sulfoxyestragole after hydroxylation and subsequent sulfoconjugation catalyzed by CYP and SULT, respectively. It was hypothesized recently that anethole may be bioactivated via the same metabolic pathways. Incubating estragole with hepatic S9-fractions from rats and humans, specific adducts with hemoglobin (N-(isoestragole-3-yl)-valine, IES-Val) and DNA (isoestragole-2'-deoxyguanosine and isoestragole-2'-deoxyadenosine) were formed. An isotope-dilution technique was developed for the quantification of IES-Val after cleavage with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) according to a modified Edman degradation. The same adducts, albeit at lower levels, were also detected in reactions with anethole, indicating the formation of 3'-hydroxyanethole and the reactive 3'-sulfoxyanethole. Finally, we conducted a pilot investigation in which IES-Val levels in human blood were determined during and after the consumption of an estragole- and anethole-rich fennel tea for four weeks. A significant increase of IES-Val levels was observed during the consumption phase and followed by a continuous decrease during the washout period. IES-Val may be used to monitor the internal exposure to the common reactive genotoxic metabolites of estragole and anethole, 1'-sulfoxyestragole and 3'-sulfoxyanethole, respectively.
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Samadi-Noshahr Z, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A, Hadjzadeh MAR, Shafei MN, Salmani H, Hosseinian S, Khajavi-Rad A. trans- Anethole attenuated renal injury and reduced expressions of angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) and TGF-β in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biochimie 2021; 185:117-127. [PMID: 33771655 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological process in diabetic nephropathy that causes renal failure and dysfunction. Given the known anti-diabetic effects of trans-Anethole (TA), we aimed to investigate its renoprotective and anti-fibrotic effect alone and in combination with losartan in diabetic nephropathy. Male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) for diabetes induction. Diabetic rats were treated orally with saline, TA (80 mg/kg), losartan (Los; 10 mg/kg), or the combination of TA and losartan (TA-Los) daily for five weeks. Renal function was monitored during the study, and renal fibrosis, oxidative stress markers, apoptotic cells, and the expression and localization of AT1R, TGF-β1, and Col-IV were detected in the kidney. Results showed that TA alone and in combination with losartan was able to decrease blood glucose, urea, and creatinine levels and improve kidney function parameters. TA, Los, and TA-Los significantly reduced tubule vascular degeneration, glomerular and tubulointerstitial sclerosis, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed that TA, losartan, and TA-losartan combination downregulated the AT1R, Col IV, and TGF-β1 expression and distribution in diabetic rat kidneys. Results suggest that TA is able to suppress diabetic nephropathy in rats effectively, probably by decreasing blood glucose levels and downregulating AT1R and TGF-β1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi-Noshahr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mosa-Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hosseinian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi-Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Samadi‐Noshahr Z, Hadjzadeh M, Moradi‐Marjaneh R, Khajavi‐Rad A. The hepatoprotective effects of fennel seeds extract and trans- Anethole in streptozotocin-induced liver injury in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1121-1131. [PMID: 33598196 PMCID: PMC7866591 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities of fennel have been recorded in numerous investigations. The study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of fennel or its active component trans-Anethole (TA) on streptozotocin-induced liver injury in rats. Rats were injected with a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) and treated with fennel (200 and 400 mg/kg), TA (80 mg/kg), or metformin (300 mg/kg) for 35 days. Serum lipid profile and liver enzyme activity (aminotransferases), oxidative stress markers, and the degree of fibrosis in the liver tissue were assessed. Both fennel and TA decreased blood glucose levels, reduced liver enzyme activity, food, and water intake, and intensity of weight loss, reduced serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Additionally, fennel and TA significantly reduced MDA concentration while increased CAT activity and thiol content and reduced the degree of injury and fibrosis in the liver of diabetic rats. Our results suggest that fennel seed extract and its active compound TA are able to protect the liver against diabetes-induced hepatic injury in rats, probably via hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi‐Noshahr
- Student Research CommitteeFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mousa‐Al‐Reza Hadjzadeh
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | | | - Abolfazl Khajavi‐Rad
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Lima CC, de Holanda-Angelin-Alves CM, Pereira-Gonçalves Á, Kennedy-Feitosa E, Evangelista-Costa E, Bezerra MAC, Coelho-de-Souza AN, Leal-Cardoso JH. Antispasmodic effects of the essential oil of Croton zehnteneri, anethole, and estragole, on tracheal smooth muscle. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05445. [PMID: 33251351 PMCID: PMC7679260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton zehntneri is a plant well adapted to the semi-arid climate of northeastern region of Brazil. The essential oil of C. zehntneri (EOCz) has been described to have several pharmacologic properties, including effect on airflow resistance of in vivo respiratory system. For this reason, we investigated the hypothesis that EOCz and its major constituents, anethole and estragole, have antispasmodic activity on tracheal muscle. In tracheal rings of Wistar rats, maintained in Krebs-Henseleit's solution, EOCz, anethole and estragole inhibited contractions induced by 60mM [K+], ACh (10μM), Ba2+ and Phorbol dibutirate (1 μM). For EOCz, anethole and estragole, the IC50 for inhibition of KCl-induced contractions were 145.8 ± 14.8, 89.9 ± 7.4 and 181.0 ± 23.3 μg/mL, respectively, and for ACh-induced contraction, they were 606.1 ± 122.0, 160.5 ± 33.0 and 358.6 ± 49.2 μg/mL. Pharmacodynamic efficacy was maximal in all cases. These data in Ba2+-induced contraction and the differential IC50 suggested that blockade of Voltage Dependent Calcium Channels (VDCC) is a component of the mechanism of action of the three agents. Evaluation of the direct effect of anethole, on VDCC, showed inhibition of the Ca2+ current through this type of channel. These results show that EOCz and the constituents have antispasmodic activity and the mechanism includes blockade of VDCC channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystianne Calado Lima
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Átila Pereira-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Kennedy-Feitosa
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid, Mossorró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Eder Evangelista-Costa
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Serra DS, Araujo RS, Oliveira MLM, Cavalcante FSA, Leal-Cardoso JH. Lung injury caused by occupational exposure to particles from the industrial combustion of cashew nut shells: a mice model. Arch Environ Occup Health 2020; 76:1-11. [PMID: 32048551 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1726269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cashew nut shells (CNS) is already used in the energy matrix of some industries. However, it is necessary to know the harmful health effects generated by exposure to pollutants of its combustion, especially in the workers exposed to industrial pollutants. In addition, it is known that the incidence of asthma grows among workers in industries, and due to its previously reported biological effects of anethole, these will also be objects of the present study. We used 64 Balb/C mice, randomly divided into eight groups. Groups were sensitized and challenged with saline or ovalbumin, then subjected to intranasal instillation of 30 µg PM4.0 (occupational exposure) from the combustion of CNS or saline, and then were subsequently treated with oral anethole 300 mg/kg or 0.1% Tween 80. Our results serve as a starting point for the development of public policies for the prevention of diseases in workers that are exposed to the pollutants coming from industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Serra
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - R S Araujo
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Federal Institute of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M L M Oliveira
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - F S A Cavalcante
- Science and Technology Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza-Ceará, Brazil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Ceará, Institute of Biomedical Sciences State University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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Anjos JC, Aguiar FLN, Sá NAR, Souza JF, Cibin FWS, Alves BG, Santos RR, Figueiredo JR. Anethole improves blastocysts rates together with antioxidant capacity when added during bovine embryo culture rather than in the in vitro maturation medium. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:382-5. [PMID: 31451120 DOI: 10.1017/S0967199419000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We performed the exposure of bovine oocytes to anethole during in vitro maturation (0 or 300 µg/ml), during in vitro embryo production (0, 30, 300 or 2000 µg/ml), or during both periods to determine the rates of 2-4 cells embryos, blastocysts rates and cells numbers, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Bovine ovaries (n = 240) were collected from a local abattoir after slaughter and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) with homogeneous and non-dark cytoplasm, surrounded by two or more compact layers of cumulus cells, and an intact zona pellucida were selected for in vitro maturatuion (IVM). Mature oocytes were then submitted to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro embryo production (IVP) in culture medium supplemented or not with different concentrations of anethole, as described above. Although IVM medium supplementation with 300 µg/ml anethole improved the rates of bovine blastocysts formation, we demonstrated that IVP medium supplementation with 30 µg/ml anethole, regardless of IVM medium enrichment, considerably enhanced blastocysts rates. Furthermore, ROS levels were decreased only when anethole was added to the IVP medium without previous IVM medium supplementation.
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Dos Santos Morais MLG, de Brito DCC, Pinto Y, Mascena Silva L, Montano Vizcarra D, Silva RF, Weber Santos Cibin F, Cabral Campello C, Alves BG, Rocha Araújo V, da Chagas Pinto F, Pessoa ODL, Figueiredo JR, Ribeiro Rodrigues AP. Natural antioxidants in the vitrification solution improve the ovine ovarian tissue preservation. Reprod Biol 2019; 19:270-8. [PMID: 31466906 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of the addition of antioxidants anethole (AN) and robinin (RO) in the vitrification solution, and the in vitro incubation (IVI) medium of ovine ovarian tissue. Ovarian fragments were vitrified without antioxidant (VWA) or with different concentrations of AN (30, 300 and 2000 μg/mL) or RO (0.125, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/mL), followed by IVI (24 h). Histological analyses showed that the percentage of morphologically normal preantral follicles (MNPF) in AN 2000 did not differ from RO 0.125 or fresh ovarian tissue (CTR). Subsequently, ovarian fragments were vitrified in the presence of AN 2000 and RO 0.125 followed by IVI without or with (AN 2000+ and RO 0.125+) the same antioxidants. The follicular activation in all treatments was significantly increased as compared to the CTR. The stroma cell density (SCD) in all the vitrified fragments was significantly lower than the CTR. However, in the AN 2000 and RO 0.125 this parameter was significantly higher when compared to the VWA. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the ovarian cortex of the AN 2000 or AN 2000+ were significantly reduced in comparison with the CTR while the intracellular ROS levels of AN 2000 and CTR were similar. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in RO 0.125 was significantly higher than that of VWA, AN 2000 and AN 2000+. According to the results, the use of antioxidants (AN or RO) only in the vitrification solution of ovine ovarian tissue is recommended, due to their better preservation of the SCD. Moreover, AN 2000 best maintains the follicular morphology, while RO 0.125 has a high TAC.
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Ksouda G, Sellimi S, Merlier F, Falcimaigne-Cordin A, Thomasset B, Nasri M, Hajji M. Composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Pimpinella saxifraga essential oil and application to cheese preservation as coating additive. Food Chem 2019; 288:47-56. [PMID: 30902314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of Pimpinella saxifraga essential oil (PSEO) addition (1-3%) in sodium alginate coating on the bacterial and oxidative stability of cheese was studied during refrigerated storage. The GC-HRMS analysis of PSEO showed that anethole, pseudoisoeugenol and p-anisaldehyde were the main components. The PSEO exhibited strong in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 6.81 µg/mL), β-carotene bleaching inhibition (IC50 = 206 µg/mL), ferric reducing power (EC50 = 35.20 µg/mL), total antioxidant activity (213.96 ± 11.12 µmol/mL α-tocopherol equivalent) and notable DNA protection potential. Additionally, PSEO displayed potent antibacterial activity against 3 Gram-positive and 3 Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 0.78-3.12 mg/mL). The acute toxicity of PSEO was determined using mice model (LD50 = 976.2 mg/kg). The enrichment of sodium alginate coating with PSEO, particularly at 3%, improved cheese preservation by reducing the weight loss, preserving the pH and color and enhancing oxidative and bacterial stability without unpleased flavor for consumers.
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Andrulewicz-Botulińska E, Kuźmicz I, Nazaruk J, Wosek J, Galicka A. The concentration-dependent effect of anethole on collagen, MMP-2 and GAG in human skin fibroblast cultures. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:111-116. [PMID: 30640076 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In aging skin and some skin disorders, components of skin extracellular matrix (ECM) are disturbed and therefore research to find skin drugs is important. Evaluation of anethole impact on collagen, GAGs and MMP-2 in human skin fibroblasts was the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS For collagen assay the Sircol dye, 5-[3H]proline and real time-PCR were used. MMP-2 activity was detected by zymography. GAG concentration was determined using 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB). Cell viability was assayed with MTT. RESULTS In cells treated with 1 and 10 μM anethole, a significant increase in collagen synthesis was demonstrated. In contrast, collagen synthesis was significantly decreased in cells exposed to 100 μM anethole. Similar alterations were found in collagen type I expression. The concentration of collagen secreted into the medium was higher only in cells exposed to 1 μM anethole, while it was lower under the influence of higher compound concentrations. It may be due to the lack of pro-MMP-2 activation at 1 μM and a significant increase in the level of MMP-2 at 10 and 100 μM anethole. GAG concentration was reduced under the influence of 100 μM anethole, whereas anethole at lower concentrations revealed the ability to prevent H2O2-induced GAG increase. No significant cytotoxicity of anethole to fibroblasts was noted. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the concentration-dependent action of anethole on the crucial components of ECM in cultured skin fibroblasts, which may be somewhat beneficial and may possibly be developed towards a therapeutic use in some skin disorders.
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Katiki LM, Araujo RC, Ziegelmeyer L, Gomes ACP, Gutmanis G, Rodrigues L, Bueno MS, Veríssimo CJ, Louvandini H, Ferreira JFS, Amarante AFT. Evaluation of encapsulated anethole and carvone in lambs artificially- and naturally-infected with Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2019; 197:36-42. [PMID: 30633915 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecules from natural sources, such as essential oils, have shown activity against parasites in vitro, but have not yet been explored extensively in vivo. Anethole and carvone (10% each), encapsulated with 80% of a solid matrix, referred to as EO (encapsulated oils), were tested in vivo in 2 experiments. In Experiment 1: Lambs were artificially infected with multidrug resistant Haemonchus contortus, or left uninfected, and treated (or not) with 50 mg/kg bw (body weight) of EO in a controlled environment. Thirty-two male lambs were kept in individual cages for a period of 45 days, after which animals were evaluated for parasitological, hematological, toxicological, and nutritional parameters. After 45 days of treatment, EO at 50 mg/kg bw provided a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in fecal egg count (FEC). Although FEC was reduced, animals from both treatments had similar counts of total adult worms. The low FEC was caused probably by a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in both male worm size and female fecundity. Dry matter intake of uninfected controls was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced, although no toxicity was observed in treated animals. Thus, in Experiment 2, conducted for five months we used an EO dose of 20 mg/kg bw. Thirty-four weaned lambs, free of parasites, were divided in two groups and kept in collective pens. One group received EO at 20 mg/kg bw mixed with concentrate for 5 months and the other was kept as a control group (CTL). Parasitological and hematological parameters as well as body weight were evaluated. In the first 2.5 months, CTL and EO groups were confined, and both presented similar clinical parameters. Then, animals were allotted to graze on contaminated pastures to acquire natural infection for the next 2.5 months. The infection was patent after 25 days and both groups had similar decreases in weight gain, increases in FEC, and decreases in blood parameters. Coprocultures from CTL and EO groups established that parasite population was 90% Haemonchus sp. We concluded that the technology of encapsulation is safe and practical to deliver to lambs at the farm level and anethole and carvone at 50 mg/kg bw caused a significant decrease in FEC and, consequently, in pasture contamination by free living stages of H. contortus. However, EO at 20 mg/kg bw was not effective to prevent or treat sheep naturally-infected with gastrointestinal nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Katiki
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil.
| | - R C Araujo
- GRASP Ind. e Com. LTDA, Av. Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, CEP 81.260-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L Ziegelmeyer
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - A C P Gomes
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - G Gutmanis
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - L Rodrigues
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Bueno
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - C J Veríssimo
- Instituto de Zootecnia (IZ/SAA), Rua Heitor Penteado 56, CEP 13460-000, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - H Louvandini
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA/USP), Rua do Centenário 303, CEP 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - J F S Ferreira
- US Salinity Lab (USDA-ARS), 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - A F T Amarante
- Instituto de Biociências (UNESP), CEP 18618-689, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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KARAMI F, DASTAN D, FALLAH M, MATINI M. In Vitro Activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Its Main Essential Oil Component Trans- Anethole on Trichomonas vaginalis. Iran J Parasitol 2019; 14:631-638. [PMID: 32099566 PMCID: PMC7028236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichomoniasis is one of the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide which drug-resistant cases of the infection are rising. The aim of the study was to assessment the in vitro activity of Foeniculum vulgare and its main essential oil component on Trichomonas vaginalis. Also phytochemical investigation of F. vulgare essential oil was performed. METHODS Five T. vaginalis isolates subjected to susceptibility testing against essential oil and extracts of F. vulgare and anethole using microtiter plate method. The minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the natural products was assessed in comparison with metronidazole. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector was applied for chemical investigation of the essential oil. RESULTS After 48 hours incubation, the most potent antitrichomonal agents were the methanolic and hexanic extract with MLC of 360 μg/ml and followed by the essential oil and anethole (1600 μg/ml). The isolates were sensitive to metronidazole with a mean MLC of 13.7 μg/ml. E-Anethole (88.41 %) was the major constituent of F. vulgare essential oil. CONCLUSION The results suggested in vitro antiprotozoal properties of F. vulgare and anethole against T. vaginalis. Therefore further studies are needed to evaluate their in vivo effects and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh KARAMI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Dara DASTAN
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad FALLAH
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad MATINI
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Correspondence
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PranavKumar Shadamarshan R, Balaji H, Rao HS, Balagangadharan K, Viji Chandran S, Selvamurugan N. Fabrication of PCL/PVP Electrospun Fibers loaded with Trans- anethole for Bone Regeneration in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:698-706. [PMID: 30119018 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trans-anethole (TA) is a phenolic phytocompound widely used in the food and health sector because of its diverse biological properties. However, its role in the promotion of bone formation is not known. With the enhanced bioavailability of TA, we aimed to determine its effect on osteogenesis; TA at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μM) was loaded onto polycaprolactone (PCL)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers by the electrospinning technique. The synthesized PCL/PVP + TA fibers were subjected to physiochemical and material characterization. The addition of TA did not have any effect on fiber thickness, swelling, protein adsorption, degradation, or biomineralization. The fibers were compatible with mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs). A sustained release of TA from the fibers promoted osteoblast differentiation at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, the release of TA from fibers up-regulated the expression of Runx2, a bone transcription factor, and its co-activators, which are key molecules for osteoblast differentiation. Thus, these results provide insights into the bioavailability of TA in promoting in vitro osteoblast differentiation and the potential applications of TA in bone regeneration.
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Rhee YH, Moon JH, Mo JH, Pham T, Chung PS. mTOR and ROS regulation by anethole on adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Cell Biol 2018; 19:12. [PMID: 29980168 PMCID: PMC6035441 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipocyte differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is dependent on mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to initiate adipocyte differentiation. Although anethole has been known as an anti-oxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, there is little investigated about its role in adipogenic differentiation. Methods The effects on cytotoxicity and proliferation of anethole in hMSCs were measured by the MTT assay. The anti-adipogenic effect of anethole on hMSCs was analyzed by Oil Red O staining and western blot analysis. The anti-oxidant activity of anethole on hMSC was assessed by flowcytometry and fluorescence staining using 2',7' –dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA). The western blotting was used to detect of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, PPARγ, and phsopho-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Results Anethole suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through down-regulation of Akt-mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ and up-regulation of AMPK. Anethole affected oxidative conditions through ROS generation. Anethole also rescued AMPK activity and reduced activation of mTOR-p70S6K-PPARγ under oxidative conditions in presence of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Conclusion ROS and mTOR regulation is a crucial factor in adipogenic differentiation, anethole has an important role in regulating activities of mTOR/PPARγ and ROS control in adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12860-018-0163-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Moon
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hun Mo
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Tiffany Pham
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Laser Translational Clinical Trial Center, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Bal S, Yadav A, Verma N, Gupta R, Aggarwal NK. Shielding effect of anethole against arsenic induced genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes and effect of GSTO1 polymorphism. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:232. [PMID: 29725571 PMCID: PMC5928012 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure of inorganic arsenic compounds is responsible for the manifestation of various tumours as well as other diseases. The principal mechanism behind arsenic toxicity is the induction of a strong oxidative stress with production of free radicals in cells. The present study was aimed to explore the shielding effect of anethole against oxidative damage induced by arsenic in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the effect of GSTO1 polymorphism. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, comet tail moment and lipid peroxidation levels were used as biomarkers to assess the oxidative damage. Heparinised venous blood was collected from healthy individuals and treated with sodium arsenite (50 µM) in the presence of anethole (25 and 50 µM) for the analysis of shielding effect of anethole. For the genotyping of GSTO1, PCR RFLP method was adopted. A significant dose-dependent increase in the frequency of SCEs, tail moment and lipid peroxidation levels, was observed when lymphocytes were treated with sodium arsenite. Anethole in combination with sodium arsenite has shown a dose-dependent significant decrease in the frequency of SCEs, tail moment and lipid peroxidation levels. Genetic polymorphism of GSTO1 was found to effect individual susceptibility towards arsenic-mediated genotoxicity and was found insignificant when antigenotoxic effect of anethole was considered. GSTO1 mutant genotypes were found to have significant higher genotoxicity of sodium arsenite as compared to wild-type genotype. The results of the present study suggest ameliorative effects of anethole against arsenic-mediated genotoxic damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. A significant effect of GSTO1 polymorphism was observed on genotoxicity of sodium arsenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Bal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Anita Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neha Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
| | - Neeraj K. Aggarwal
- Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana 136119 India
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Gharib R, Auezova L, Charcosset C, Greige-Gerges H. Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposomes as a carrier system for volatile essential oil components: Application to anethole. Food Chem 2016; 218:365-371. [PMID: 27719922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A combined approach based on cyclodextrin/drug inclusion complex formation and loading into liposomes was applied to improve the effectiveness of liposome loading with essential oils. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin/ANE (HP-β-CD/ANE) inclusion complexes were prepared and encapsulated into liposomes (ACL). ANE-double-loaded liposomes (ACL2) were obtained with the HP-β-CD/ANE complex in the aqueous phase and ANE in the organic phase. Liposomes were prepared from saturated (Phospholipon 90H) or unsaturated (Lipoid S100) phospholipids and characterized for size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, loading rate (LR) and photo- and storage stabilities. All liposome batches were nanometric oligolamellar-type vesicles. Compared to ANE-loaded liposomes, ACL-90H, ACL2-90H and ACL2-S100 displayed significantly increased ANE LR, with ACL2-S100 exhibiting the highest LR. All formulations provided ANE photoprotection, were physically stable after 15months of storage at 4°C (with the exception of ACL2-S100), and retained more than 25% of the ANE initially present in the liposome suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riham Gharib
- Faculty of Sciences, Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Jdaidet El-Matn, Lebanese University, Lebanon; Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France
| | - Lizette Auezova
- Faculty of Sciences, Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Jdaidet El-Matn, Lebanese University, Lebanon
| | - Catherine Charcosset
- Laboratoire d'Automatique et de Génie des Procédés, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, France
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Faculty of Sciences, Bioactive Molecules Research Group, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technologies, Jdaidet El-Matn, Lebanese University, Lebanon.
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Fujita KI, Ishikura T, Jono Y, Yamaguchi Y, Ogita A, Kubo I, Tanaka T. Anethole potentiates dodecanol's fungicidal activity by reducing PDR5 expression in budding yeast. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:477-484. [PMID: 27632201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND trans-Anethole (anethole), a major component of anise oil, has a broad antimicrobial spectrum and a weaker antimicrobial potency than other available antibiotics. When combined with polygodial, nagilactone E, and n-dodecanol, anethole has been shown to exhibit synergistic antifungal activity against a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a human opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans. However, the mechanism underlying this synergistic effect of anethole has not been characterized. METHODS We studied this mechanism using dodecanol-treated S. cerevisiae cells and focusing on genes related to multidrug efflux. RESULTS Although dodecanol transiently reduced the number of colony forming units, this recovered to levels similar to those of untreated cells with continued incubation beyond 24h. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed overexpression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene, PDR5, in addition to a slight increase in PDR11, PDR12, and PDR15 transcriptions in dodecanol-treated cells. In the presence of anethole, these effects were attenuated and the fungicidal activity of dodecanol was extended. Dodecanol showed longer lasting fungicidal activity against a Δpdr5. In addition, Δpdr3 and Δlge1, lack transcription factors of PDR5 and PDR3, were partly and completely susceptible to dodecanol, respectively. Furthermore, combination of anethole with fluconazole was also found to exhibit synergy on C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that although anethole reduced the transcription of several transporters, PDR5 expression was particularly relevant to dodecanol efflux. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Anethole is expected to be a promising candidate drug for the inhibition of efflux by reducing the transcription of several ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ishikura
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yui Jono
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Ogita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Urban Health and Sports, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku,Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Toshio Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
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Asano T, Aida S, Suemasu S, Mizushima T. Anethole restores delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation in rodents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:125-30. [PMID: 26915803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD), a functional gastrointestinal disorder, is characterized by persistent or recurrent postprandial upper abdominal discomfort and epigastric pain. The high prevalence of FD and associated healthcare costs suggests that treatment of this condition by methods other than prescribed medicines, such as natural products, could be beneficial. Delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation play important roles in the development of FD. Anethole (1-methoxy-4-((E)-propenyl)-benzene), a major component of essential fennel oil, has been used as a flavoring, in alcoholic beverage production and in pharmaceutical formulations for many years. In this study, we examined the effects of anethole on delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation in rodents. Oral administration of anethole improved clonidine-induced delayed gastric emptying but did not affect normal gastric emptying in mice. Fennel oil and Anchu-san (a Japanese herbal medicine containing anethole) also restored delayed gastric emptying. Furthermore, oral administration of anethole stimulated gastric accommodation in rats. These results suggest that anethole could be beneficial for the treatment of FD.
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Sá NAR, Araújo VR, Correia HHV, Ferreira ACA, Guerreiro DD, Sampaio AM, Escobar E, Santos FW, Moura AA, Lôbo CH, Ceccatto VM, Campello CC, Rodrigues APR, Leal-Cardoso JH, Figueiredo JR. Anethole improves the in vitro development of isolated caprine secondary follicles. Theriogenology 2015; 89:226-234. [PMID: 28043356 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three concentrations of anethole (30, 300, and 2000 μg/mL) on survival, antrum formation, follicular diameter, and oocyte maturation in the caprine species. The study also evaluated the effects of anethole on transcripts of ICAM-1, CAV-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1 genes and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated goat preantral ovarian follicles before and after in vitro culture for 18 days. Preantral follicles were isolated from goat ovaries and individually cultured in alpha minimum essential medium modified (α-MEM+), defined as the control treatment, α-MEM+ supplemented with ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 μg/mL (AA), or α-MEM+ supplemented with three different concentrations of anethole (30, 300, 2000 μg/mL) for a period of 18 days. Treatments were named as α-MEM+, AA, AN30, AN300, and AN2000, respectively. After culture, the follicles were opened, the cumulus oocytes complex (COCs) were removed and matured in vitro. The walls of the follicles were used for the quantitation of mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the medium collected at the end of culture was used for the measurements of ROS. After 18 days of culture, the AA treatment showed the percentage of intact follicles and follicular diameter significantly higher compared with the other treatments. However, daily growth rate, antrum formation, and also oocyte diameter were similar among the treatments. In addition, compared with AA, the rate of oocytes for in vitro maturation (diameter ≥ 110 μm) and the meiosis resumption rate were significantly higher in the treatments AN30 and AN2000, respectively. When assessing gene related to remodeling of the basement membrane, significant differences in mRNA levels for ICAM-1, CAV-1, TIMP-2, and PAI-1 were observed in comparison with Day 0, i.e., in the noncultured control. In addition, the ROS from Day 12, all treatments with the addition of anethole have significantly lower values of ROS than α-MEM+ and AA. In conclusion, the addition of anethole to the in vitro culture medium was able to improve the development of goat preantral follicles by reducing concentrations of ROS and increasing the percentage of oocytes able to resume meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A R Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - V R Araújo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - H H V Correia
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A C A Ferreira
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - D D Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A M Sampaio
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - E Escobar
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biotechnology, Campus Uruguayana, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - F W Santos
- Laboratory of Reproduction Biotechnology, Campus Uruguayana, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - A A Moura
- Department of Zootecnia, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C H Lôbo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - V M Ceccatto
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Campello
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - A P R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J H Leal-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - J R Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Cabral PHB, de Morais Campos R, Fonteles MC, Santos CF, Leal Cardoso JH, do Nascimento NRF. Effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri and its major components, anethole and estragole, on the rat corpora cavernosa. Life Sci 2014; 112:74-81. [PMID: 25084123 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCz) and its major components anethole, estragole and methyl eugenol were evaluated in phenylephrine precontracted rat corpora cavernosa (RCC). MAIN METHODS RCC strips were mounted in 5 ml organ baths for isometric recordings of tension, precontracted with 10 μM phenylephrine and exposed to test drugs. KEY FINDINGS All major compounds relaxed RCC. The order of potency was estragole>anethole>methyl eugenol. The maximal relaxation to EOCz and methyl eugenol was 62.67% (IC50 of 1.67 μM) and 45.8% (IC50 of 1.7 μM), respectively. Estragole relaxed RCC with an IC50 of 0.6 μM (maximal relaxation-76.6%). The maximal relaxation to estragole was significantly reduced by L-NAME (43.46%-IC50 of 1.4 μM), ODQ (53.11%-IC50 of 0.83 μM) and indomethacin (24.41%-IC50 of 1.3 μM). On the other hand, anethole relaxed RCC by 66.73% (IC50 of 0.96 μM) and this relaxation was blunted by indomethacin (35.65%-IC50 of 1.6 μM). Both estragole and anethole increased the relaxation achieved upon electrical stimulation. Both compounds increased the levels of cAMP (estragole by 3-fold and anethole by 2-fold when compared to controls). Estragole also increased the levels of cGMP (0.5-fold). SIGNIFICANCE The higher potency of these compounds to relax corpora cavernosa smooth muscle may form the pharmacological basis for the use of such substances as leading compounds in the search of alternative treatments of erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Bezerra Cabral
- Ceará State University, Superior Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Renal and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Morais Campos
- Ceará State University, Superior Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Renal and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Manassés Claudino Fonteles
- Ceará State University, Superior Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Renal and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ferreira Santos
- Ceará State University, Superior Institute of Biomedicine, Laboratory of Renal and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Rhee YH, Chung PS, Kim SH, Ahn JC. CXCR4 and PTEN are involved in the anti-metastatic regulation of anethole in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 447:557-62. [PMID: 24525130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Anethole has been known to have chemopreventive activities as a suppressor of the incidence and multiplicity of both invasive and noninvasive carcinomas. The goal of this study was to understand the anti-metastatic effect of anethole through C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)/tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) axis in DU145 prostate cancer cells. Anethole reduced both of the RNA level and the protein level of CXCR4 in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Anethole also reduced the expression of CXCR4 and prolonged the expression of PTEN in DU145 prostate cancers. The phosphorylation of AKT and phosphatidylinositol-3kinase (PI3K) were decreased with anethole. The inhibition metastatic effect of anethole was arisen from down-regulating CXCR4 and up-regulating PTEN. Morphologically, anethole significantly inhibited the invasion of DU145 cell and down-regulated the activities of matrix-metalloproteinase (MMPs) in a dose-dependent manner. However, anethole didnot decrease the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT while PTEN was silenced. Furthermore, the CXCR4 inhibition of anethole was not caused to proteasomal or lysosomal of CXCR4. Taken together, anethole demonstrated to act as the CXCR4 antagonist and as the PTEN activator which resulted to PI3K/AKT-mediated inhibition of the metastatic prostate cancer progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Rhee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Ahn
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea.
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