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Scagliola R, Brunelli C, Balbi M. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the Elderly: Peculiar Features and Challenges for a Proper Phenotyping Approach. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:401. [PMID: 37754830 PMCID: PMC10531962 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Introduction. Although pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) usually affects young people with a low cardiovascular risk profile, progressive epidemiologic changes have been providing a codified phenotype of elderly subjects with PAH and increased risk predictors for left heart disease. We therefore conducted a systematic review to describe the current knowledge and characteristics of elderly individuals with PAH and further insights concerning their prognostic outcomes and therapeutic response. (2) Methods. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for publications evaluating the epidemiology, diagnostic work-up, and treatment of PAH in elderly subjects. (3) Among the 74 publications initially retrieved, 16 full-text articles were selected for the present systematic review. Compared to their younger counterparts, elderly individuals with PAH showed greater clinical deterioration, reduced exercise capacity, and worse prognostic outcomes, as well as less response to PAH-targeted therapy and higher rates of PAH drug discontinuation. (4) Conclusions. Demographic changes over time contributed to define a peculiar PAH phenotype in elderly patients, with an increased burden of cardiovascular comorbidities and distinctive features compared to young patients. Further investigations are needed in order to better clarify the nosologic criteria, and management in this subset population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Scagliola
- Cardiology Division, Department of Emergency, Cardinal G. Massaia Hospital, 14100 Asti, Italy
- Pulmonary Hypertension Outpatient Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Brunelli
- Pulmonary Hypertension Outpatient Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manrico Balbi
- Pulmonary Hypertension Outpatient Clinic, Cardiovascular Disease Unit, San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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2
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Sanganalmath SK, Dubey S, Veeranki S, Narisetty K, Krishnamurthy P. The interplay of inflammation, exosomes and Ca 2+ dynamics in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 36804872 PMCID: PMC9942322 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the prime risk factors for cardiovascular complications and is linked with high morbidity and mortality. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) often manifests as reduced cardiac contractility, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, and chronic heart failure. Inflammation, changes in calcium (Ca2+) handling and cardiomyocyte loss are often implicated in the development and progression of DCM. Although the existence of DCM was established nearly four decades ago, the exact mechanisms underlying this disease pathophysiology is constantly evolving. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology of DCM is linked with exosomes, which has recently shown to facilitate intercellular (cell-to-cell) communication through biomolecules such as micro RNA (miRNA), proteins, enzymes, cell surface receptors, growth factors, cytokines, and lipids. Inflammatory response and Ca2+ signaling are interrelated and DCM has been known to adversely affect many of these signaling molecules either qualitatively and/or quantitatively. In this literature review, we have demonstrated that Ca2+ regulators are tightly controlled at different molecular and cellular levels during various biological processes in the heart. Inflammatory mediators, miRNA and exosomes are shown to interact with these regulators, however how these mediators are linked to Ca2+ handling during DCM pathogenesis remains elusive. Thus, further investigations are needed to understand the mechanisms to restore cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis and function, and to serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh K Sanganalmath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, 89102, USA.
| | - Shubham Dubey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sudhakar Veeranki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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3
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Ramli FF, Hashim SAS, Raman B, Mahmod M, Kamisah Y. Role of Trientine in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Mechanistic Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1145. [PMID: 36145368 PMCID: PMC9505553 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality in myocardial copper homeostasis is believed to contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. Trientine, a copper-chelating drug used in the management of patients with Wilson's disease, demonstrates beneficial effects in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This review aims to present the updated development of the roles of trientine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The drug has been demonstrated in animal studies to restore myocardial intracellular copper content. However, its mechanisms for improving the medical condition remain unclear. Thus, comprehending its mechanistic aspects in cardiomyopathy is crucial and could help to expedite future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Masliza Mahmod
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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Oldfield CJ, Moffatt TL, O'Hara KA, Xiang B, Dolinsky VW, Duhamel TA. Muscle-specific sirtuin 3 overexpression does not attenuate the pathological effects of high-fat/high-sucrose feeding but does enhance cardiac SERCA2a activity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14961. [PMID: 34405591 PMCID: PMC8371348 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease are linked to an unhealthy diet. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+ ) ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) controls cardiac function by transporting Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes. SERCA2a is altered by diet and acetylation, independently; however, it is unknown if diet alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. Sirtuin (SIRT) 3 is an enzyme that might preserve health under conditions of macronutrient excess by modulating metabolism via regulating deacetylation of target proteins. Our objectives were to determine if muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression attenuates the pathological effects of high fat-high sucrose (HFHS) feeding and if HFHS feeding alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. We also determined if SIRT3 alters cardiac SERCA2a acetylation and regulates cardiac SERCA2a activity. C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice and MCK-mSIRT3-M1-Flag transgenic (SIRT3TG ) mice, overexpressing SIRT3 in cardiac and skeletal muscle, were fed a standard-diet or a HFHS-diet for 4 months. SIRT3TG and WT mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, cardiac dysfunction, and pathological cardiac remodeling after 4 months of HFHS feeding, indicating muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression does not attenuate the pathological effects of HFHS-feeding. Overall cardiac lysine acetylation was increased by 63% in HFHS-fed mice (p = 0.022), though HFHS feeding did not alter cardiac SERCA2a acetylation. Cardiac SERCA2a acetylation was not altered by SIRT3 overexpression, whereas SERCA2a Vmax was 21% higher in SIRT3TG (p = 0.039) than WT mice. This suggests that SIRT3 overexpression enhanced cardiac SERCA2a activity without direct SERCA2a deacetylation. Muscle-specific SIRT3 overexpression may not prevent the complications associated with an unhealthy diet in mice, but it appears to enhance SERCA2a activity in the mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Oldfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Teri L. Moffatt
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Kimberley A. O'Hara
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children's Hospital Research Institute of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
| | - Todd A. Duhamel
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation ManagementUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreWinnipegMBCanada
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Liu Z, Hu L, Zhang T, Xu H, Li H, Yang Z, Zhou M, Smith HS, Li J, Ran J, Deng Z. PKCβ increases ROS levels leading to vascular endothelial injury in diabetic foot ulcers. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:6409-6421. [PMID: 33194039 PMCID: PMC7653566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of oxidative stress injury in the diabetic foot. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and staining were used to detect changes in diabetic foot tissue, and the CCK-8 method was used to measure high glucose effect on cell viability. The DCFH-DA assay was used to detect the intracellular ROS content, and colorimetric methods were used to detect the activities of the CAT and SOD enzymes and the NO and MDA content in tissues and cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of PKCβ, p66shc, eNOS, ICAM-1 and NF-κB in tissues and cells were detected by Western blotting, and the distribution of p66shc and eNOS was observed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS The results of clinical specimens experiments showed that the DFU group exhibited disordered morphology and increased glucose metabolism, decreased activities of the enzymes CAT and SOD in tissues, and increased MDA and NO contents compared to those in the CON group. Furthermore, protein levels of the p-PKCβ, p-p66shc, ICAM-1, and p-NF-κB were increased, and eNOS protein level was decreased; these results were consistent in clinical specimens and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS High glucose levels may induce oxidative stress injury in cells and tissues by activating the PKCβ-p66shc signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichuan Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhouqian Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Hendrea Shaniqua Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhongliang Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010, China
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Charalampopoulos A, Howard LS, Tzoulaki I, Gin-Sing W, Grapsa J, Wilkins MR, Davies RJ, Nihoyannopoulos P, Connolly SB, Gibbs JSR. Response to pulmonary arterial hypertension drug therapies in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:669-78. [PMID: 25610602 DOI: 10.1086/678512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The age at diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors are increasing. We sought to determine whether the response to drug therapy was influenced by CV risk factors in PAH patients. We studied consecutive incident PAH patients (n = 146) between January 1, 2008, and July 15, 2011. Patients were divided into two groups: the PAH-No CV group included patients with no CV risk factors (obesity, systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, permanent atrial fibrillation, mitral and/or aortic valve disease, and coronary artery disease), and the PAH-CV group included patients with at least one. The response to PAH treatment was analyzed in all the patients who received PAH drug therapy. The PAH-No CV group included 43 patients, and the PAH-CV group included 69 patients. Patients in the PAH-No CV group were younger than those in the PAH-CV group (P < 0.0001). In the PAH-No CV group, 16 patients (37%) improved on treatment and 27 (63%) did not improve, compared with 11 (16%) and 58 (84%) in the PAH-CV group, respectively (P = 0.027 after adjustment for age). There was no difference in survival at 30 months (P = 0.218). In conclusion, in addition to older age, CV risk factors may predict a reduced response to PAH drug therapy in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Charalampopoulos
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ; University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Wendy Gin-Sing
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ; King's Lynn and Papworth Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom ; Echocardiography Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachel J Davies
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom ; Echocardiography Department, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan B Connolly
- Cardiology Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom ; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Simon R Gibbs
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom ; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lei S, Li H, Xu J, Liu Y, Gao X, Wang J, Ng KF, Lau WB, Ma XL, Rodrigues B, Irwin MG, Xia Z. Hyperglycemia-induced protein kinase C β2 activation induces diastolic cardiac dysfunction in diabetic rats by impairing caveolin-3 expression and Akt/eNOS signaling. Diabetes 2013; 62:2318-28. [PMID: 23474486 PMCID: PMC3712061 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC)β2 is preferably overexpressed in the diabetic myocardium, which induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and contributes to diabetic cardiomyopathy, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Caveolae are critical in signal transduction of PKC isoforms in cardiomyocytes. Caveolin (Cav)-3, the cardiomyocyte-specific caveolar structural protein isoform, is decreased in the diabetic heart. The current study determined whether PKCβ2 activation affects caveolae and Cav-3 expression. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that high glucose (HG) increased the association and colocalization of PKCβ2 and Cav-3 in isolated cardiomyocytes. Disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Cav-3 small interfering (si)RNA transfection prevented HG-induced PKCβ2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of PKCβ2 activation by compound CGP53353 or knockdown of PKCβ2 expression via siRNA attenuated the reductions of Cav-3 expression and Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes exposed to HG. LY333531 treatment (for a duration of 4 weeks) prevented excessive PKCβ2 activation and attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. LY333531 suppressed the decreased expression of myocardial NO, Cav-3, phosphorylated (p)-Akt, and p-eNOS and also mitigated the augmentation of O2(-), nitrotyrosine, Cav-1, and iNOS expression. In conclusion, hyperglycemia-induced PKCβ2 activation requires caveolae and is associated with reduced Cav-3 expression in the diabetic heart. Prevention of excessive PKCβ2 activation attenuated cardiac diastolic dysfunction by restoring Cav-3 expression and subsequently rescuing Akt/eNOS/NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kwok F.J. Ng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin-liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Brian Rodrigues
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael G. Irwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Corresponding author: Zhengyuan Xia,
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Shi FH, Cheng YS, Dai DZ, Peng HJ, Cong XD, Dai Y. Depressed calcium-handling proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in the diabetic heart are attenuated by argirein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:521-31. [PMID: 23525487 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a unique disease frequently complicated to diabetes mellitus, manifesting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and depressed calcium-handling proteins. We hypothesized that the abnormal FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 are consequent to ER stress and apoptosis that are likely due to an entity of inflammation. These abnormalities may be attributed to reactive oxygen species genesis from activated NADPH oxidase which could respond to argirein (AR) through its anti-inflammatory activity. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Except the normal group, rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg, i.p.) once. During weeks 5 to 8 following STZ injection, rats were treated (in milligrams per kilogram per day, i.g.) with aminoguanidine (AMG, 100; an inducible nitric oxide synthase and AGEs inhibitor) or three doses of AR (50, 100, and 200). FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 and ER stress chaperones Bip and PERK and apoptotic molecules were monitored in vivo and in vitro. Impaired cardiac performance and downregulated FKBP12.6, SERCA2a, and CASQ2 were significant in DC in vivo, and abnormal calcium-handling proteins were also found in high-glucose-incubated myocytes in vitro. ER stress manifested by upregulated Bip and PERK was predominant in association with DNA ladder and upregulated Bax and downregulated BCL-2 in vivo and in vitro. AR is effective to attenuate these abnormalities compared to AMG. Diabetic myocardium has inflammatory entity expressed as ER stress contributing to downregulated calcium-handling proteins. AR has potential in managing DC through attenuating depressed calcium-handling proteins, activated ER stress, and apoptosis in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Shi
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China
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9
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FK506 binding proteins: Cellular regulators of intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 700:181-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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