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Zhao R, Du B, Luo Y, Xue F, Wang H, Qu D, Han S, Heilbronner S, Zhao Y. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of a thiazolidinone derivative against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0232723. [PMID: 38329365 PMCID: PMC10913468 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02327-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes many infections with significant morbidity and mortality. S. aureus can form biofilms, which can cause biofilm-associated diseases and increase resistance to many conventional antibiotics, resulting in chronic infection. It is critical to develop novel antibiotics against staphylococcal infections, particularly those that can kill cells embedded in biofilms. This study aimed to investigate the bacteriocidal and anti-biofilm activities of thiazolidinone derivative (TD-H2-A) against S. aureus. A total of 40 non-duplicate strains were collected, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TD-H2-A were determined. The effect of TD-H2-A on established S. aureus mature biofilms was examined using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The antibacterial effects of the compound on planktonic bacteria and bacteria in mature biofilms were investigated. Other characteristics, such as cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity, were researched. A mouse skin infection model was used, and a routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used for histological examination. The MIC values of TD-H2-A against the different S. aureus strains were 6.3-25.0 µg/mL. The 5 × MIC TD-H2-A killed almost all planktonic S. aureus USA300. The derivative was found to have strong bacteriocidal activity against cells in mature biofilms meanwhile having low cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity against Vero cells and human erythrocytes. TD-H2-A had a good bacteriocidal effect on S. aureus SA113-infected mice. In conclusion, TD-H2-A demonstrated good bacteriocidal and anti-biofilm activities against S. aureus, paving the way for the development of novel agents to combat biofilm infections and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections.IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus aureus, a notorious pathogen, can form a stubborn biofilm and develop drug resistance. It is crucial to develop new anti-infective therapies against biofilm-associated infections. The manuscript describes the new antibiotic to effectively combat multidrug-resistant and biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingyu Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Luo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fen Xue
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Microbial Genetics, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simon Heilbronner
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Z, Wang H, Bai J, Cai S, Qu D, Xie Y, Wu Y. The Staphylococcus aureus ArlS Kinase Inhibitor Tilmicosin Has Potent Anti-Biofilm Activity in Both Static and Flow Conditions. Microorganisms 2024; 12:256. [PMID: 38399660 PMCID: PMC10891534 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can form biofilms on biotic surfaces or implanted materials, leading to biofilm-associated diseases in humans and animals that are refractory to conventional antibiotic treatment. Recent studies indicate that the unique ArlRS regulatory system in S. aureus is a promising target for screening inhibitors that may eradicate formed biofilms, retard virulence and break antimicrobial resistance. In this study, by screening in the library of FDA-approved drugs, tilmicosin was found to inhibit ArlS histidine kinase activity (IC50 = 1.09 μM). By constructing a promoter-fluorescence reporter system, we found that tilmicosin at a concentration of 0.75 μM or 1.5 μM displayed strong inhibition on the expression of the ArlRS regulon genes spx and mgrA in the S. aureus USA300 strain. Microplate assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that tilmicosin at a sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) had a potent inhibitory effect on biofilms formed by multiple S. aureus strains and a strong biofilm-forming strain of S. epidermidis. In addition, tilmicosin at three-fold of MIC disrupted USA300 mature biofilms and had a strong bactericidal effect on embedded bacteria. Furthermore, in a BioFlux flow biofilm assay, tilmicosin showed potent anti-biofilm activity and synergized with oxacillin against USA300.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China (S.C.)
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China (S.C.)
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Trotsko N. Thiazolidin-4-Ones as a Promising Scaffold in the Development of Antibiofilm Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:325. [PMID: 38203498 PMCID: PMC10778874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones have a broad range of medical and clinical implementation, which is important for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. This heterocyclic core has been reported to possess a diversity of bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming potential. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics or disinfectants is a serious medical problem. Therefore, there is a natural need to discover new effective structures with properties that inhibit biofilm formation. This review aims to analyze the antibiofilm features of thiazolidin-4-ones described in the literature over the last two decades. The information gathered in this review could benefit the rational design of new effective antibiofilm small molecules with thiazolidin-4-one cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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4
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Chen H, Yu C, Wu H, Li G, Li C, Hong W, Yang X, Wang H, You X. Recent Advances in Histidine Kinase-Targeted Antimicrobial Agents. Front Chem 2022; 10:866392. [PMID: 35860627 PMCID: PMC9289397 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.866392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens significantly limited the number of effective antibiotics available clinically, which urgently requires new drug targets to screen, design, and develop novel antibacterial drugs. Two-component system (TCS), which is comprised of a histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR), is a common mechanism whereby bacteria can sense a range of stimuli and make an appropriate adaptive response. HKs as the sensor part of the bacterial TCS can regulate various processes such as growth, vitality, antibiotic resistance, and virulence, and have been considered as a promising target for antibacterial drugs. In the current review, we highlighted the structural basis and functional importance of bacterial TCS especially HKs as a target in the discovery of new antimicrobials, and summarize the latest research progress of small-molecule HK-inhibitors as potential novel antimicrobial drugs reported in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtong Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chengqi Yu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Congran Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hong
- Beijing Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyi Yang, ; Hao Wang, ; Xuefu You,
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Institute of National Security, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyi Yang, ; Hao Wang, ; Xuefu You,
| | - Xuefu You
- Laboratory of Pharmacology/Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinyi Yang, ; Hao Wang, ; Xuefu You,
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5
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Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Gliptins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051169. [PMID: 35625906 PMCID: PMC9138634 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics constitutes an emerging public health issue. Promising approaches have been innovated to conquer bacterial resistance, and targeting bacterial virulence is one of these approaches. Bacterial virulence mitigation offers several merits, as antivirulence agents do not affect the growth of bacteria and hence do not induce bacteria to develop resistance. In this direction, numerous drugs have been repurposed as antivirulence agents prior to their clinical use alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics. Quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in controlling bacterial virulence. In the current study, dipeptidase inhibitor-4 (DPI-4) antidiabetic gliptins were screened for their antivirulence and anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) activities against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Upon assessing their antibiofilm activities, the ten tested gliptins significantly diminished biofilm formation. In particular, sitagliptin exhibited the most efficient antibiofilm activity, so it was chosen as a representative of all gliptins to further investigate its antivirulence activity. Sitagliptin significantly protected mice from P. aeruginosa and S. aureus pathogenesis. Furthermore, sitagliptin downregulated QS-encoding genes in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. To test the anti-QS activities of gliptins, a detailed molecular docking study was conducted to evaluate the gliptins’ binding affinities to P. aeruginosa and S. aureus QS receptors, which helped explain the anti-QS activities of gliptins, particularly sitagliptin and omarigliptin. In conclusion, this study evaluates the possible antivirulence and anti-QS activities of gliptins that could be promising novel candidates for the treatment of aggressive Gram-negative or -positive bacterial infections either alone or as adjuvants to other antibiotics.
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6
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King A, Blackledge MS. Evaluation of small molecule kinase inhibitors as novel antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:1038-1064. [PMID: 34581492 PMCID: PMC8616828 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global and pressing concern. Our current therapeutic arsenal is increasingly limited as bacteria are developing resistance at a rate that far outpaces our ability to create new treatments. Novel approaches to treating and curing bacterial infections are urgently needed. Bacterial kinases have been increasingly explored as novel drug targets and are poised for development into novel therapeutic agents to combat bacterial infections. This review describes several general classes of bacterial kinases that play important roles in bacterial growth, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation. General features of these kinase classes are discussed and areas of particular interest for the development of inhibitors will be highlighted. Small molecule kinase inhibitors are described and organized by phenotypic effect, spotlighting particularly interesting inhibitors with novel functions and potential therapeutic benefit. Finally, we provide our perspective on the future of bacterial kinase inhibition as a viable strategy to combat bacterial infections and overcome the pressures of increasing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley King
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268
| | - Meghan S. Blackledge
- Department of Chemistry, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC 27268
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7
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Lyu Z, Shang Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Zheng J, Liu H, Gong T, Ye L, Qu D. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to the Extracellular Domain of Histidine Kinase YycG of Staphylococcus epidermidis Inhibit Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1839. [PMID: 32849437 PMCID: PMC7426370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently associated with biofilm-related infections. Biofilms drastically reduce the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. In S. epidermidis biofilm formation, a major role is played by the YycG/YycF two-component system, and previous findings have indicated that inhibitors targeting the cytoplasmic HATPase_c domain of YycG kinase in S. epidermidis exhibit bactericidal and biofilm-killing activities. Therefore, we hypothesized that monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against YycG extracellular (YycGex) domain would block the signal transduction and influence the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. In this study, we screened out two YycGex-specific mAbs showing the highest affinity for the target, mAbs 2F3 and 1H1. These mAbs inhibited S. epidermidis biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, and at a concentration of 160 μg/mL, mAbs 2F3 and 1H1 caused 78.3 and 93.1% biofilm reduction, respectively, relative to normal mouse IgG control. When co-cultivated with YycGex mAbs, S. epidermidis cells showed diminished initial-adherence capacity, and the antibody treatment further led to a marked decrease in the synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin and in the transcriptional level of genes encoding proteins involved in biofilm formation. Lastly, we determined that the epitopes recognized by the two YycGex mAbs are located within aa 59–70 of the YycGex domain. It indicates that the YycGex domain may be a potential candidate as a vaccine for the prevention of S. epidermidis biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE and MOH, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Duvall SW, Childers WS. Design of a Histidine Kinase FRET Sensor to Detect Complex Signal Integration within Living Bacteria. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1589-1596. [PMID: 32495620 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Histidine kinases (HK) switch between conformational states that promote kinase and phosphatase activities to regulate diverse cellular processes. Past studies have shown that these functional states can display heterogeneity between cells in microbial communities and can vary at the subcellular level. Methods to track and correlate the kinase conformational state with the phenotypic response of living bacteria cells will offer new opportunities to interrogate bacterial signaling mechanisms. As a proof of principle, we incorporated both mClover3 (donor) and mRuby3 (acceptor) fluorescent proteins into the Caulobacter crescentus cell-cycle HK CckA as an in vivo fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor to detect these structural changes. Our engineered FRET sensor was responsive to CckA-specific input signals and detected subcellular changes in CckA signal integration that occurs as cells develop. We demonstrated the potential of using the CckA FRET sensor as an in vivo screening tool for HK inhibitors. In summary, we have developed a new HK FRET sensor design strategy that can be adopted to monitor in vivo changes for interrogation of a broad range of signaling mechanisms in living bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W. Duvall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - W. Seth Childers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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9
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Plakunov VK, Zhurina MV, Gannesen AV, Mart’yanov SV, Nikolaev YA. Antibiofilm Agents: Therminological Ambiguity and Strategy for Search. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719060146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Rosales-Hurtado M, Meffre P, Szurmant H, Benfodda Z. Synthesis of histidine kinase inhibitors and their biological properties. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1440-1495. [PMID: 31802520 DOI: 10.1002/med.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a significant and ever-increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. There is thus an urgent need to develop efficient and well-tolerated antibacterials targeting unique cellular processes. Numerous studies have led to the identification of new biological targets to fight bacterial resistance. Two-component signal transduction systems are widely employed by bacteria to translate external and cellular signals into a cellular response. They are ubiquitous in bacteria, absent in the animal kingdom and are integrated into various virulence pathways. Several chemical series, including isothiazolidones, imidazolium salts, benzoxazines, salicylanilides, thiophenes, thiazolidiones, benzimidazoles, and other derivatives deduced by different approaches have been reported in the literature to have histidine kinase (HK) inhibitory activity. In this review, we report on the design and the synthesis of these HKs inhibitors and their potential to serve as antibacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hendrik Szurmant
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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11
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Abstract
Antibiotics have saved millions of lives over the past decades. However, the accumulation of so many antibiotic resistance genes by some clinically relevant pathogens has begun to lead to untreatable infections worldwide. The current antibiotic resistance crisis will require greater efforts by governments and the scientific community to increase the research and development of new antibacterial drugs with new mechanisms of action. A major challenge is the identification of novel microbial targets, essential for in vivo growth or pathogenicity, whose inhibitors can overcome the currently circulating resistome of human pathogens. In this article, we focus on the potential high value of bacterial transcriptional regulators as targets for the development of new antibiotics, discussing in depth the molecular role of these regulatory proteins in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Recent advances in the search for novel compounds that inhibit the biological activity of relevant transcriptional regulators in pathogenic bacteria are reviewed.
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12
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Cai Y, Su M, Ahmad A, Hu X, Sang J, Kong L, Chen X, Wang C, Shuai J, Han A. Conformational dynamics of the essential sensor histidine kinase WalK. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2017; 73:793-803. [PMID: 28994408 PMCID: PMC5633905 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798317013043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) are key elements in bacterial signal transduction in response to environmental stresses. TCSs generally consist of sensor histidine kinases (SKs) and their cognate response regulators (RRs). Many SKs exhibit autokinase, phosphoryltransferase and phosphatase activities, which regulate RR activity through a phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cycle. However, how SKs perform different enzymatic activities is poorly understood. Here, several crystal structures of the minimal catalytic region of WalK, an essential SK from Lactobacillus plantarum that shares 60% sequence identity with its homologue VicK from Streptococcus mutans, are presented. WalK adopts an asymmetrical closed structure in the presence of ATP or ADP, in which one of the CA domains is positioned close to the DHp domain, thus leading both the β- and γ-phosphates of ATP/ADP to form hydrogen bonds to the ℇ- but not the δ-nitrogen of the phosphorylatable histidine in the DHp domain. In addition, the DHp domain in the ATP/ADP-bound state has a 25.7° asymmetrical helical bending coordinated with the repositioning of the CA domain; these processes are mutually exclusive and alternate in response to helicity changes that are possibly regulated by upstream signals. In the absence of ATP or ADP, however, WalK adopts a completely symmetric open structure with its DHp domain centred between two outward-reaching CA domains. In summary, these structures of WalK reveal the intrinsic dynamic properties of an SK structure as a molecular basis for multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Su
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ashfaq Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Sang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyuan Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingqiang Chen
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aidong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiang’an, Xiamen 361102, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Lv Z, Zhao D, Chang J, Liu H, Wang X, Zheng J, Huang R, Lin Z, Shang Y, Ye L, Wu Y, Han S, Qu D. Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation of Thiazolopyrimidinone Derivatives Targeting the Histidine Kinase YycG Protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:549. [PMID: 28408903 PMCID: PMC5374206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. The main pathogenicity associated with S. epidermidis involves the formation of biofilms on implanted medical devices, biofilms dramatically decrease the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. This emphasizes the urgent need for designing novel anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents. Based on the findings that compound 5, targeting the histidine kinase domain of S. epidermidis YycG, possessed bactericidal activity against staphylococci, 39 derivatives of compound 5 with intact thiazolopyrimidinone core structures were newly designed, 7 derivatives were further screened to explore their anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. The seven derivatives strongly inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus in the minimal inhibitory concentration range of 1.56–6.25 μM. All the derivatives reduced the proportion of viable cells in mature biofilms. They all displayed low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and were not hemolytic to human erythrocytes. The biofilm inhibition activities of four derivatives (H5-32, H5-33, H5-34, and H5-35) were further investigated under shearing forces, they all led to significant decreases in the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. These results were suggestive that the seven derivatives of compound 5 have the potential to be developed into agents for eradicating biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Lab for Endogenous Infection, Shenzhen Nanshan Hospital, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Renzheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lina Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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14
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Cai MG, Wu Y, Chang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives as antibacterial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2517-2520. [PMID: 27036520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
With an intention to find more potent antibacterial agents, four halogen disubstituted thiazolineone derivatives (2a-d), five halogen monosubstituted thiazolineone derivatives (2e-i), and eleven 2-arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives (2j-t) were synthesized and screened for their antibacterial activity, bactericidal activity, cytotoxicity, and erythrocyte hemolysis. Most of the synthesized derivatives showed antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and MRSA, and exhibited safety in the cytotoxicity study on the Vero cells and hemolytic activities test on healthy human erythrocytes. 2-Arylimino-3-pyridin-thiazolineone derivatives not only improved the clog P, but also showed potent antibacterial activity in inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis and MRSA. In particularly, several compounds (2f, 2i, 2r and 2t) showed bactericidal activity, in which compound 2r displayed the best inhibitory capacity among the synthesized compounds, and further druggability research is on going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Guang Cai
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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15
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NH125 kills methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus persisters by lipid bilayer disruption. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:257-69. [PMID: 26910612 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NH125, a known WalK inhibitor kills MRSA persisters. However, its precise mode of action is still unknown. METHODS & RESULTS The mode of action of NH125 was investigated by comparing its spectrum of antimicrobial activity and its effects on membrane permeability and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) with walrycin B, a WalR inhibitor and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (16-BAC), a cationic surfactant. NH125 killed persister cells of a variety of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Similar to 16-BAC, NH125 killed MRSA persisters by inducing rapid membrane permeabilization and caused the rupture of GUVs, whereas walrycin B did not kill MRSA persisters or induce membrane permeabilization and did not affect GUVs. CONCLUSION NH125 kills MRSA persisters by interacting with and disrupting membranes in a detergent-like manner.
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16
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Agarwal S, Sharma G, Dang S, Gupta S, Gabrani R. Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infectives against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:301-8. [PMID: 26684017 PMCID: PMC5588407 DOI: 10.1159/000443479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as the main causative agent for graft-related and nosocomial infections. Rampant use of antibiotics and biofilm formed by the organism results in poor penetration of the drug and further aggravates the antibiotic resistance, emphasizing an urgent need to explore alternative treatment modalities. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as effector molecules of the innate immunity of living organisms, have therapeutic potential that can be used to inhibit the growth of microbes. In addition, the susceptibility of a microbe to become resistant to an AMP is relatively low. The AMPs are amphipathic peptides of 12-100 residues, which have broad-spectrum activity against microbes. There are scattered reports of AMPs listed against S. epidermidis and there is an urgent need to systematically study the AMPs. Various natural AMPs as well as synthetic peptides have been investigated against S. epidermidis. These peptides have been shown to inhibit both planktonic culture and S. epidermidis biofilm effectively. The multiple modes of action in killing the organism minimize the chances for the development of resistance. This review focused on various natural and synthetic peptides that demonstrate activity against S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Reema Gabrani
- *Reema Gabrani, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector-62, Noida, UP-201307 (India), E-Mail
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17
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Zhang S, Wang J, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang W, Wu K, Wang Z, Zhang X. Antibacterial effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine monomers against Streptococcus pneumoniae via inhibiting pneumococcal histidine kinase (VicK). Front Microbiol 2015; 6:479. [PMID: 26042111 PMCID: PMC4438233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) have the potential to be an effective target of the antimicrobials, and thus received much attention in recent years. VicK/VicR is one of TCSs in Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), which is essential for pneumococcal survival. We have previously obtained several Traditional Chinese Medicine monomers using a computer-based screening. In this study, either alone or in combination with penicillin, their antimicrobial activities were evaluated based on in vivo and in vitro assays. The results showed that the MICs of 5'-(Methylthio)-5'-deoxyadenosine, octanal 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, deoxyshikonin, kavahin, and dodecyl gallate against S. pneumoniae were 37.1, 38.5, 17, 68.5, and 21 μg/mL, respectively. Time-killing assays showed that these compounds elicited bactericidal effects against S. pneumoniae D39 strain, which led to a 6-log reduction in CFU after exposure to compounds at four times of the MIC for 24 h. The five compounds inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, meanwhile, deoxyshikonin and dodecyl gallate displayed strong inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds showed no obvious cytotoxicity effects on Vero cells. Survival time of the mice infected by S. pneumoniae strains was prolonged by the treatment with the compounds. Importantly, all of the five compounds exerted antimicrobial effects against multidrug-resistant clinical strains of S. pneumoniae. Moreover, even at sub-MIC concentration, they inhibited cell division and biofilm formation. The five compounds all have enhancement effect on penicillin. Deoxyshikonin and dodecyl gallate showed significantly synergic antimicrobial activity with penicillin in vivo and in vitro, and effectively reduced nasopharyngeal and lung colonization caused by different penicillin-resistant pneumococcal serotypes. In addition, the two compounds also showed synergic antimicrobial activity with erythromycin and tetracycline. Taken together, our results suggest that these novel VicK inhibitors may be promising compounds against the pneumococcus, including penicillin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
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18
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Wilke K, Francis S, Carlson EE. Inactivation of multiple bacterial histidine kinases by targeting the ATP-binding domain. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:328-35. [PMID: 25531939 PMCID: PMC4301073 DOI: 10.1021/cb5008019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibacterial agents that exploit new targets will be required to combat the perpetual rise of bacterial resistance to current antibiotics. We are exploring the inhibition of histidine kinases, constituents of two-component systems. Two-component systems are the primary signaling pathways that bacteria utilize to respond to their environment. They are ubiquitous in bacteria and trigger various pathogenic mechanisms. To attenuate these signaling pathways, we sought to broadly target the histidine kinase family by focusing on their highly conserved ATP-binding domain. Development of a fluorescence polarization displacement assay facilitated high-throughput screening of ∼53 000 diverse small molecules for binding to the ATP-binding pocket. Of these compounds, nine inhibited the catalytic activity of two or more histidine kinases. These scaffolds could provide valuable starting points for the design of broadly effective HK inhibitors, global reduction of bacterial signaling, and ultimately, a class of antibiotics that function by a new mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaelyn
E. Wilke
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Samson Francis
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Erin E. Carlson
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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19
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Liu H, Zhao Y, Zhao D, Gong T, Wu Y, Han H, Xu T, Peschel A, Han S, Qu D. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of thiazolidione derivatives against clinical staphylococcus strains. Emerg Microbes Infect 2015; 4:e1. [PMID: 26038759 PMCID: PMC4317670 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2015.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis can form biofilms on natural surfaces or abiotic surfaces, such as medical implants, resulting in biofilm-associated diseases that are refractory to antibiotic treatment. We previously reported a promising antibacterial compound (Compound 2) and its derivatives with bactericidal and anti-biofilm activities against both S. epidermidis and S. aureus. We have further evaluated the antibacterial activities of four Compound 2 derivatives (H2-38, H2-39, H2-74 and H2-81) against 163 clinical strains of S. epidermidis and S. aureus, including methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains, as well as biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming strains. The four derivatives inhibited the planktonic growth of all of the clinical staphylococcal isolates, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis and displayed bactericidal activities against both immature (6 h) and mature (24 h) biofilms formed by the strong biofilm-forming strains. The derivatives, which all target YycG, will help us to develop new antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant staphylococci infections and biofilm-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Gulou Hospital, Medical College of Nanjing University , Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youcong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haiyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Cellular and Molecular Microbiology Division, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen , Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Shiqing Han
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Qu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University , Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Wu X, Santos R, Fink-Gremmels J. Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm quantification: Effect of different solvents and dyes. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 101:63-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Liu H, Zhao D, Chang J, Yan L, Zhao F, Wu Y, Xu T, Gong T, Chen L, He N, Wu Y, Han S, Qu D. Efficacy of novel antibacterial compounds targeting histidine kinase YycG protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:6003-13. [PMID: 24737057 PMCID: PMC4057637 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5685-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Treating staphylococcal biofilm-associated infections is challenging. Based on the findings that compound 2 targeting the HK domain of Staphylococcus epidermidis YycG has bactericidal and antibiofilm activities against staphylococci, six newly synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial activities. The six derivatives of compound 2 inhibited autophosphorylation of recombinant YycG′ and the IC50 values ranged from 24.2 to 71.2 μM. The derivatives displayed bactericidal activity against planktonic S. epidermidis or Staphylococcus aureus strains in the MIC range of 1.5–3.1 μM. All the derivatives had antibiofilm activities against the 6- and 24-h biofilms of S. epidermidis. Compared to the prototype compound 2, they had less cytotoxicity for Vero cells and less hemolytic activity for human erythrocytes. The derivatives showed antibacterial activities against clinical methicillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates. The structural modification of YycG inhibitors will assist the discovery of novel agents to eliminate biofilm infections and multidrug-resistant staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Science and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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22
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Njoroge JW, Sperandio V. Interference with Bacterial Cell-to-Cell Chemical Signaling in Development of New Anti-Infectives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527659685.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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23
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Liu X, Sun X, Wu Y, Xie C, Zhang W, Wang D, Chen X, Qu D, Gan J, Chen H, Jiang H, Lan L, Yang CG. Oxidation-sensing regulator AbfR regulates oxidative stress responses, bacterial aggregation, and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:3739-52. [PMID: 23271738 PMCID: PMC3567629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.426205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a notorious human pathogen that is the major cause of infections related to implanted medical devices. Although redox regulation involving reactive oxygen species is now recognized as a critical component of bacterial signaling and regulation, the mechanism by which S. epidermidis senses and responds to oxidative stress remains largely unknown. Here, we report a new oxidation-sensing regulator, AbfR (aggregation and biofilm formation regulator) in S. epidermidis. An environment of oxidative stress mediated by H(2)O(2) or cumene hydroperoxide markedly up-regulates the expression of abfR gene. Similar to Pseudomonas aeruginosa OspR, AbfR is negatively autoregulated and dissociates from promoter DNA in the presence of oxidants. In vivo and in vitro analyses indicate that Cys-13 and Cys-116 are the key functional residues to form an intersubunit disulfide bond upon oxidation in AbfR. We further show that deletion of abfR leads to a significant induction in H(2)O(2) or cumene hydroperoxide resistance, enhanced bacterial aggregation, and reduced biofilm formation. These effects are mediated by derepression of SERP2195 and gpxA-2 that lie immediately downstream of the abfR gene in the same operon. Thus, oxidative stress likely acts as a signal to modulate S. epidermidis key virulence properties through AbfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoxu Sun
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youcong Wu
- the Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cen Xie
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenru Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dan Wang
- the Coordination Chemistry Institute and the State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Di Qu
- the Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical School of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- the School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Chen
- the Coordination Chemistry Institute and the State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China, and
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lefu Lan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 86-21-50803109; Fax: 86-21-50807088; E-mail:
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China, , To whom correspondence may be addressed. Tel.: 86-21-50806029; Fax: 86-21-50807088; E-mail:
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