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Abegaz TM, Baljoon A, Kilanko O, Sherbeny F, Ali AA. Machine learning algorithms to predict major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107289. [PMID: 37557056 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) are common complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that include myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). The objective of the current study was to predict MACE among T2DM patients. METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients above 18 years old were recruited for the study from the All of Us Research Program. Eligible participants were those who took sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. Different Machine learning algorithms: including RandomForest (RF), XGBoost, logistic regression (LR), and weighted ensemble model (WEM) were employed. Clinical attributes, electrolytes and biomarkers were explored in predicting MACE. The feature importance was determined using mean decrease accuracy. RESULTS Overall, 9, 059 subjects were included in the analyses, of which 5197 (57.4%) were females. The XGBoost Model demonstrated a prediction accuracy of 0.80 [0.78-0.82], which is higher as compared to the RF 0.78[0.76-0.80], the LR model 0.65 [0.62-0.67], and the WEM 0.75 [0.73-0.76], respectively. The classification accuracy of the models for stroke was more than 95%, which was higher than prediction accuracy for MI (∼85%), and HF (∼80%). Phosphate, blood urea nitrogen and troponin levels were the major predictors of MACE. CONCLUSION The ML models had shown acceptable performance in predicting MACE in T2DM patients, except the LR model. Phosphate, blood urea nitrogen, and other electrolytes were important predictors of MACE, which is consistent between the individual components of MACE, such as stroke, MI, and HF. These parameters can be calibrated as prognostic parameters of MACE events in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse M Abegaz
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Ahmead Baljoon
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Kilanko
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Fatimah Sherbeny
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA
| | - Askal Ayalew Ali
- Economic, Social and Administrative Pharmacy (ESAP), College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Heath, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32307, USA.
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Li XD, Li MM. A novel nomogram to predict mortality in patients with stroke: a survival analysis based on the MIMIC-III clinical database. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2022; 22:92. [PMID: 35387672 PMCID: PMC8988376 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-022-01836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a disease characterized by sudden cerebral ischemia and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model to predict mortality in intensive care unit patients with stroke. Methods All data involved in this study were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database (MIMIC-III). The data were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression, and the performance of the novel nomogram, which assessed the patient’s overall survival at 30, 180, and 360 days after stroke, was evaluated using Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. A calibration curve and decision curve were introduced to test the clinical value and effectiveness of our prediction model. Results A total of 767 patients with stroke were randomly divided into derivation (n = 536) and validation (n = 231) cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Multivariate Cox regression showed that 12 independent predictors, including age, weight, ventilation, cardiac arrhythmia, metastatic cancer, explicit sepsis, Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score or OASIS score, diastolic blood pressure, bicarbonate, chloride, red blood cell and white blood cell counts, played a significant role in the survival of individuals with stroke. The nomogram model was validated based on the C-indices, calibration plots, and decision curve analysis results. Conclusions The plotted nomogram accurately predicted stroke outcomes and, thus may contribute to clinical decision-making and treatment as well as consultation services for patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12911-022-01836-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Min Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
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Choi MR. Commentary for the article: MicroRNA-1246 regulates proliferation, invasion and differentiation in human vascular smooth muscle cell by targeting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:135-137. [PMID: 33452915 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zhang YP, Ye LL, Yuan H, Duan DD. CFTR plays an important role in the regulation of vascular resistance and high-fructose/salt-diet induced hypertension in mice. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:516-524. [PMID: 33279469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiological roles of cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channels in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) remain controversial. Here we studied the function of CFTR Cl- channels in regulation of BP and in the high-fructose-salt-diet (HFSD) induced hypertension in mice. METHODS The systolic, diastolic and mean BP (SBP, DBP and MBP, respectively) were continuously monitored from unrestricted conscious wild-type (cftr+/+) FVB and CFTR-knockout (cftr-/-) mice (8-week old, male). HFSD (64.7% fructose, 2% NaCl water) or control normal starch diet (CNSD, 58.9% corn starch, 0 NaCl water) was given for 8 weeks and vascular Doppler were performed. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to examine mRNA and protein expression, respectively. RESULTS The aortic stiffness, daytime and nighttime SBP, DBP, and MBP of the cftr-/- mice were significantly higher than those in the age- and gender-matched cftr+/+ mice, which is consistent with the findings of increased vascular resistance in cystic fibrosis patients. The aortic stiffness, daytime and nighttime SBP, DBP, and MBP of cftr+/+ mice fed with HFSD were all significantly higher than those fed with CNSD. Importantly, HFSD caused a significant decrease in mRNA and protein expression of WINK1, WINK4 and CFTR in aorta and mesenteric arteries, but not in the kidney, corroborating that HSFD-induced downregulation of WINKs and loss of CFTR function specifically in the arteries may mediate the increased BP. CONCLUSIONS CFTR regulates peripheral arterial resistance and BP in vivo. HFSD-induced CFTR downregulation specifically in the arteries may be a novel mechanism for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Zhang
- The Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital (Traditional Chinese Medicine) to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China; Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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Drug development in targeting ion channels for brain edema. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1272-1288. [PMID: 32855530 PMCID: PMC7609292 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral edema is a pathological hallmark of various central nervous system (CNS) insults, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and excitotoxic injury such as stroke. Due to the rigidity of the skull, edema-induced increase of intracranial fluid significantly complicates severe CNS injuries by raising intracranial pressure and compromising perfusion. Mortality due to cerebral edema is high. With mortality rates up to 80% in severe cases of stroke, it is the leading cause of death within the first week. Similarly, cerebral edema is devastating for patients of TBI, accounting for up to 50% mortality. Currently, the available treatments for cerebral edema include hypothermia, osmotherapy, and surgery. However, these treatments only address the symptoms and often elicit adverse side effects, potentially in part due to non-specificity. There is an urgent need to identify effective pharmacological treatments for cerebral edema. Currently, ion channels represent the third-largest target class for drug development, but their roles in cerebral edema remain ill-defined. The present review aims to provide an overview of the proposed roles of ion channels and transporters (including aquaporins, SUR1-TRPM4, chloride channels, glucose transporters, and proton-sensitive channels) in mediating cerebral edema in acute ischemic stroke and TBI. We also focus on the pharmacological inhibitors for each target and potential therapeutic strategies that may be further pursued for the treatment of cerebral edema.
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Zhang YP, Zhang Y, Xiao ZB, Zhang YB, Zhang J, Li ZQ, Zhu YB. CFTR prevents neuronal apoptosis following cerebral ischemia reperfusion via regulating mitochondrial oxidative stress. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:611-620. [PMID: 29761302 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is linked to cell apoptosis and abundantly expressed in brain tissue. Mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a key role in activating apoptotic pathway following cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is exclusively synthesized in cytosol but distributed in mitochondria. In the present study, we investigated whether CFTR affected mitochondrial oxidative stress via regulating GSH and thereby protected neurons against apoptosis following cerebral IR. Brains were subjected to global IR by four-vessel occlusion and CFTR activator forskolin (FSK) was used in vivo. CFTR silence was performed in vitro for neurons by RNA interference. We found that FSK suppressed neuronal apoptosis whereas CFTR silence enhanced neuronal apoptosis. FSK prevented the elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase activities while FSK inhibited the reductions in complex I activity and mitochondrial GSH level following IR. FSK decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress partially and preserved mitochondrial function. On the contrary, CFTR silence exaggerated mitochondrial dysfunction. CFTR loss increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level and decreased GSH level in mitochondria. Importantly, we showed that CFTR was located on mitochondrial membrane. GSH transport assay suggested that GSH decrease may be a consequence not a reason for mitochondrial oxidative stress mediated by CFTR disruption. Our results highlight the central role of CFTR in the pathogenesis of cerebral IR injury. CFTR regulates neuronal apoptosis following cerebral IR via mitochondrial oxidative stress-dependent pathway. The mechanism of CFTR-mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress needs further studies. KEY MESSAGES: CFTR activation protects brain tissue against IR-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. CFTR disruption enhances H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis and CFTR loss leads to mitochondrial oxidative stress. CFTR regulates IR-induced neuronal apoptosis via mitochondrial oxidative stress. CFTR may be a potential therapeutic target to cerebral IR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Zhang
- The Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Xiao
- The Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan-Bo Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Pediatric Heart Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery II, Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, 56 Nan-Li-Shi Road, 100045, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao-Bin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery II, Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University, 56 Nan-Li-Shi Road, 100045, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang YB, Meng YH, Chang S, Zhang RY, Shi C. High fructose causes cardiac hypertrophy via mitochondrial signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4869-4880. [PMID: 27904687 PMCID: PMC5126329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High fructose diet can cause cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress is a key mediator for myocardial hypertrophy. Disruption of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) leads to oxidative stress. This study aims to reveal mitochondrial oxidative stress-related signaling pathway in high fructose-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Mice were fed high fructose to develop cardiac hypertrophy. Fructose and H2O2 were used to induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 was applied to investigate the possible role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). CFTR silence was performed to detect the role of CFTR in high fructose-induced myocardial hypertrophy. ROS, glutathione (GSH), mitochondrial function and hypertrophic markers were measured. We confirmed that long-term high fructose diet caused cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction and elevated mitochondrial ROS. However, SkQ1 administration prevented heart hypertrophy and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Cadiomyocytes incubated with fructose or H2O2 exhibited significantly increased cell areas but SkQ1 treatment ameliorated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by high fructose or H2O2 in vitro. Those results revealed that the underlying mechanism for high fructose-induced heart hypertrophy was attributed to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Moreover, CFTR expression was decreased by high fructose intervention and CFTR silence resulted in an increase in mitochondrial ROS, which suggested high fructose diet affected mitochondrial oxidative stress by regulating CFTR expression. Electron transport chain impairment might be related to mitochondrial oxidative damage. In conclusion, our findings indicated that mitochondrial oxidative stress plays a central role in pathogenesis of high fructose-induced cardiac hypertrophy. High fructose decreases CFTR expression to regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Zhang
- Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hai Meng
- Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Chang
- Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Yuan Zhang
- Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shi
- Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
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Liu LI, Cai S, Qiu G, Lin J. Fluid shear stress enhances the cell volume decrease of osteoblast cells by increasing the expression of the ClC-3 chloride channel. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:408-412. [PMID: 27073622 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
ClC-3 is a volume-sensitive chloride channel that is responsible for cell volume adjustment and regulatory cell volume decrease (RVD). In order to evaluate the effects of fluid shear stress (FSS) stimulation on the osteoblast ClC-3 chloride channel, MC3T3-E1 cells were stimulated by FSS in the experimental group. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect changes in ClC-3 mRNA expression, the chloride ion fluorescent probe N-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)-6-methoxyquinolinium bromide (MQAE) was used to detect the chloride channel activity, and whole-cell patch clamping was used to monitor the changes in the volume-sensitive chloride current activated by a hypotonic environment following mechanical stimulation. The results show that the expression of the osteoblast chloride channel ClC-3 was significantly higher in the FSS group compared with the control group. MQAE fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced in the FSS group compared to the control group, suggesting that mechanical stimulation increased chloride channel activity and increased the efflux of intracellular chloride ions. Image analysis of osteoblast volume changes showed that osteoblast RVD was enhanced by mechanical stimulation. Whole-cell patch clamping showed that the osteoblast volume-sensitive chloride current was larger in the stimulated group compared to the control group, suggesting that elevated ClC-3 chloride channel expression results in an increased volume-sensitive chloride current. In conclusion, FSS stimulation enhances the RVD of osteoblast cell by increasing the expression of the ClC-3 and enhancing the chloride channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Siyi Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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9
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Zeng JW, Zeng XL, Li FY, Ma MM, Yuan F, Liu J, Lv XF, Wang GL, Guan YY. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) prevents apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in basilar artery smooth muscle cells. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1317-29. [PMID: 24999019 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) acts as a cAMP-dependent chloride channel, has been studied in various types of cells. CFTR is abundantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and closely linked to vascular tone regulation. However, the functional significance of CFTR in basilar vascular smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) remains elusive. Accumulating evidence has shown the direct role of CFTR in cell apoptosis that contributes to several main pathological events in CF, such as inflammation, lung injury and pancreatic insufficiency. We therefore investigated the role of CFTR in BASMC apoptotic process induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We found that H2O2-induced cell apoptosis was parallel to a significant decrease in endogenous CFTR protein expression. Silencing CFTR with adenovirus-mediated CFTR specific siRNA further enhanced H2O2-induced BASMC injury, mitochondrial cytochrome c release into cytoplasm, cleaved caspase-3 and -9 protein expression and oxidized glutathione levels; while decreased cell viability, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione levels, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. The pharmacological activation of CFTR with forskolin produced the opposite effects. These results strongly suggest that CFTR may modulate oxidative stress-related BASMC apoptosis through the cAMP- and mitochondria-dependent pathway and regulating endogenous antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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Lucke-Wold BP, Turner RC, Logsdon AF, Simpkins JW, Alkon DL, Smith KE, Chen YW, Tan Z, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Common mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke: the role of protein kinase C in the progression of age-related neurodegeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 43:711-24. [PMID: 25114088 PMCID: PMC4446718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-141422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD), despite being distinct disease entities, share numerous pathophysiological mechanisms such as those mediated by inflammation, immune exhaustion, and neurovascular unit compromise. An important shared mechanistic link is acute and chronic changes in protein kinase C (PKC) activity. PKC isoforms have widespread functions important for memory, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and injury repair that change as the body ages. Disease states accelerate PKC functional modifications. Mutated forms of PKC can contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. In some cases the PKC isoforms are still functional but are not successfully translocated to appropriate locations within the cell. The deficits in proper PKC translocation worsen stroke outcome and amyloid-β toxicity. Cross talk between the innate immune system and PKC pathways contribute to the vascular status within the aging brain. Unfortunately, comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension disrupt normal communication between the two systems. The focus of this review is to highlight what is known about PKC function, how isoforms of PKC change with age, and what additional alterations are consequences of stroke and AD. The goal is to highlight future therapeutic targets that can be applied to both the treatment and prevention of neurologic disease. Although the pathology of ischemic stroke and AD are different, the similarity in PKC responses warrants further investigation, especially as PKC-dependent events may serve as an important connection linking age-related brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P. Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryan C. Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aric F. Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W. Simpkins
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Daniel L. Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kelly E. Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yi-Wen Chen
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jason D. Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Charles L. Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Correspondence to: Charles L. Rosen, MD, PhD, Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Suite 4300, Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, WV 26506-9183, USA. Tel.: +1 304 293 5041; Fax: +1 304 293 4819;
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Tomasova L, Pavlovicova M, Malekova L, Misak A, Kristek F, Grman M, Cacanyiova S, Tomasek M, Tomaskova Z, Perry A, Wood ME, Lacinova L, Ondrias K, Whiteman M. Effects of AP39, a novel triphenylphosphonium derivatised anethole dithiolethione hydrogen sulfide donor, on rat haemodynamic parameters and chloride and calcium Cav3 and RyR2 channels. Nitric Oxide 2014; 46:131-44. [PMID: 25555533 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
H2S donor molecules have the potential to be viable therapeutic agents. The aim of this current study was (i) to investigate the effects of a novel triphenylphosphonium derivatised dithiolethione (AP39), in the presence and absence of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and (ii) to determine the effects of AP39 on myocardial membrane channels; CaV3, RyR2 and Cl(-). Normotensive, L-NAME- or phenylephrine-treated rats were administered Na2S, AP39 or control compounds (AP219 and ADT-OH) (0.25-1 µmol kg(-1)i.v.) and haemodynamic parameters measured. The involvement of membrane channels T-type Ca(2+) channels CaV3.1, CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 as well as Ca(2+) ryanodine (RyR2) and Cl(-) single channels derived from rat heart sarcoplasmic reticulum were also investigated. In anaesthetised Wistar rats, AP39 (0.25-1 µmol kg(-1) i.v) transiently decreased blood pressure, heart rate and pulse wave velocity, whereas AP219 and ADT-OH and Na2S had no significant effect. In L-NAME treated rats, AP39 significantly lowered systolic blood pressure for a prolonged period, decreased heart rate and arterial stiffness. In electrophysiological studies, AP39 significantly inhibited Ca(2+) current through all three CaV3 channels. AP39 decreased RyR2 channels activity and increased conductance and mean open time of Cl(-) channels. This study suggests that AP39 may offer a novel therapeutic opportunity in conditions whereby (•)NO and H2S bioavailability are deficient such as hypertension, and that CaV3, RyR2 and Cl(-) cardiac membrane channels might be involved in its biological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Tomasova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Lubica Malekova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Misak
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Kristek
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Grman
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia; Center for Molecular Medicine, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Zuzana Tomaskova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexis Perry
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark E Wood
- Department of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lubica Lacinova
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Ondrias
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, SAS, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mazzone A, Gibbons SJ, Bernard CE, Nowsheen S, Middha S, Almada LL, Ordog T, Kendrick ML, Reid Lombardo KM, Shen KR, Galietta LJV, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Farrugia G. Identification and characterization of a novel promoter for the human ANO1 gene regulated by the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). FASEB J 2014; 29:152-63. [PMID: 25351986 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-258541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Anoctamin-1 (Ano1) is a widely expressed protein responsible for endogenous Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents. Ano1 is overexpressed in cancer. Differential expression of transcriptional variants is also found in other diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying regulation of Ano1 are unknown. This study identifies the Ano1 promoter and defines a mechanism for regulating its expression. Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis in human gastric muscle found a new exon upstream of the reported exon 1 and identified a promoter proximal to this new exon. Reporter assays in human embryonic kidney 293 cells showed a 6.7 ± 2.1-fold increase in activity over empty vector. Treatment with a known regulator of Ano1 expression, IL-4, increased promoter activity by 1.6 ± 0.02-fold over untreated cells. The promoter region contained putative binding sites for multiple transcription factors including signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), a downstream effector of IL-4. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments on T84 cells, which endogenously express Ano1, showed a 2.1 ± 0.12-fold increase in binding of STAT6 to P0 after IL-4 treatment. These results were confirmed by mutagenesis, expression, and RNA interference techniques. This work allows deeper understanding of the regulation of Ano1 in physiology and as a potential therapeutic target in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana L Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, and
| | | | | | | | - K Robert Shen
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; and
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Chen S, Feng H, Sherchan P, Klebe D, Zhao G, Sun X, Zhang J, Tang J, Zhang JH. Controversies and evolving new mechanisms in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 115:64-91. [PMID: 24076160 PMCID: PMC3961493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of study, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a serious and significant health problem in the United States and worldwide. The mechanisms contributing to brain injury after SAH remain unclear. Traditionally, most in vivo research has heavily emphasized the basic mechanisms of SAH over the pathophysiological or morphological changes of delayed cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Unfortunately, the results of clinical trials based on this premise have mostly been disappointing, implicating some other pathophysiological factors, independent of vasospasm, as contributors to poor clinical outcomes. Delayed cerebral vasospasm is no longer the only culprit. In this review, we summarize recent data from both experimental and clinical studies of SAH and discuss the vast array of physiological dysfunctions following SAH that ultimately lead to cell death. Based on the progress in neurobiological understanding of SAH, the terms "early brain injury" and "delayed brain injury" are used according to the temporal progression of SAH-induced brain injury. Additionally, a new concept of the vasculo-neuronal-glia triad model for SAH study is highlighted and presents the challenges and opportunities of this model for future SAH applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Damon Klebe
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Xu L, Zhang S, Fan H, Zhong Z, Li X, Jin X, Chang Q. ClC-3 chloride channel in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:3047-54. [PMID: 25206625 PMCID: PMC4146203 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.32.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-production of nitric oxide is pathogenic for neuronal apoptosis around the ischemic area fol-lowing ischemic brain injury. In this study, an apoptotic model in rat hippocampal neurons was tablished by 0.5 mmol/L 3-morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-1), a nitric oxide donor. The models were then cultured with 0.1 mmol/L of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS; the chloride channel blocker) for 18 hours. Neuronal survival was detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis was assayed by Hoechst 33342-labeled neuronal DNA fluorescence staining. Western blot analysis and immunoche-nescence staining were applied to determine the changes of activated caspase-3 and CIC-3 channel proteins. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of CIC-3. The results showed that SIN-1 reduced the neuronal survival rate, induced neuronal apoptosis, and promoted ClC-3 chloride channel protein and mRNA expression in the apoptotic neurons. DIDS reversed the effect of SIN-1. Our findings indicate that the increased activities of the ClC-3 chloride channel may be involved in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis induced by nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
- First Hospital of Putian City, Putian 351100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shuling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongling Fan
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhichao Zhong
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jin
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Quanzhong Chang
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical College, Zhuhai 519041, Guangdong Province, China
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Nam JH, Kim WK, Kim BJ. Sphingosine and FTY720 modulate pacemaking activity in interstitial cells of Cajal from mouse small intestine. Mol Cells 2013; 36:235-44. [PMID: 23912597 PMCID: PMC3887975 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are the pacemakers of the gastrointestinal tract, and transient receptor potential melastatin type 7 (TRPM7) and Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channels (ANO1) are candidate the generators of pacemaker potentials in ICCs. The effects of D-erythro-sphingosine (SPH) and structural analogues of SPH, that is, N,N-dimethyl-Derythro-sphingosine (N,N-DMS), FTY720, and FTY720-P on the pacemaking activities of ICCs were examined using the whole cell patch clamp technique. SPH, N,N-DMS, and FTY720 decreased the amplitudes of pacemaker potentials in ICC clusters, but resting membrane potentials displayed little change. Also, perfusing SPH, N,N-DMS, or FTY720 in the bath reduced both inward and outward TRPM7-like currents in single ICCs, and inhibited ANO1 currents. The another structural analogue of SPH, FTY720-P was ineffective at the pacemaker potentials in ICC clusters and the TRPM7-like currents in single ICCs. Furthermore, FTY720-P had no effect on ANO1. These results suggest that SPH, N,N-DMS, and FTY720 modulate the pacemaker activities of ICCs, and that TRPM7 and ANO1 channels affect intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Byung Joo Kim
- Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea
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