Partial purification of organ-specific neoantigens from human colon and breast cancer by affinity chromatography with human tumour-specific gamma-globulin

Biological markers of breast cancer: a review

This review of biological markers of breast carcinoma has summarized a fairly representative series of studies pertaining to endocrine, carcinoembryonic, tissue-associated, serologic, biochemical, and specific tumor markers, with attention to some of the contributions from genetic engineering techniques applied to this research area. It is meant to be a helpful review with two purposes: those involved in research or clinical studies of breast cancer may wish to use this review as a basis for adding additional references in each category and to refer to the references provided for further study, thought, and synthesis of the data, perhaps to stimulate new associations between pertinent facts; those involved in the general scientific or clinical fields may wish to use it as an overview of biological markers pertaining to a particular form of cancer and perhaps this review will permit faster, more easily accessible synthesis of data, and a better understanding of a variety of parameters which are associated with breast cancer diseases.

Regulation of leukocyte glass adherence and tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity by serum factors in dogs with progressing or spontaneously regressing canine transmissible venereal sarcoma (CTVS)

We examined the regulation of leukocyte glass adherence and tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) reactivity by serum factors in dogs with regressing or progressing canine transmissible venereal sarcomas (CTVS). Both regressor and progressor peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), draining and non-draining lymph node cells (LNC), and splenic leukocytes were significantly responsive to CTVS antigen extract in tube LAI. In contrast, a significant decrease in basal glass adherence of progressor PBL, draining and non-draining LNC, and splenic leukocytes was observed. Normal glass adherence was restored to progressor leukocytes by extensive washing with warm serum-free media, while significant tube LAI responsiveness to CTVS antigen extract was maintained. Preincubation of regressor PBL and LNC with progressor sera in two-stage tube LAI decreased the basal glass adherence of treated leukocytes. This effect of progressor sera was heat labile, a characteristic of CTVS antigen. Collectively, these findings suggest that progressor leukocytes and progressor sera treated regressor leukocytes were activated by interaction with serum CTVS antigen and thus behaved in tube LAI as stimulated cells, even in the absence of CTVS antigen. Regressor but not progressor sera were shown to contain anti-CTVS IgG with specific arming activity for normal dog PBL, but not LNC in two-stage tube LAI. The nonadherent response of peripheral blood neutrophils in two-stage tube LAI was proportional to the concentration of arming IgG, whereas no change was observed in glass adherence of PBL. The results of this study define the role of progressor and regressor serum factors in the mechanism of tube LAI and demonstrate a relationship between leukocyte glass adherence and the clinical course of CTVS. These findings show that tube LAI is a simple and reproducible measure of active factors in the immune response to a tumor.

The serologically unique cell surface antigen of Zajdela ascitic hepatoma is also its tumor-associated transplantation antigen

A unique cell surface antigen of a chemically induced rat hepatoma (Zajdela Ascitic Hepatoma, ZAH) has been identified serologically and purified to apparent homogeneity. ZAH cells, when injected subcutaneously or intradermally into syngeneic hosts, elicit a weak humoral antibody response directed against a single cell surface antigen. In spite of prolonged and extensive immunization, the syngeneic anti-tumor antibodies are solely of the IgM class. Antisera from such immunized animals lyse tumor cells in the presence of complement. These observations were utilized in developing methods for the identification and purification of the antigen. It was observed that administration of purified preparations of this antigen confers ZAH-specific tumor immunity in syngeneic animals. Hence the serologically unique antigen is also the tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) of this tumor. This is the first reported purification of a TATA from a rat tumor. There is considerable earlier evidence for the existence of tumor-associated factors which elicit a strong suppressor-cell response in tumor-bearing rats. The availability of the purified TATA from a rat tumor provides, for the first time, a handle for the identification and further characterization of such molecular species.