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Pillai U J, Ray A, Maan M, Dutta M. Repurposing drugs targeting metabolic diseases for cancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103684. [PMID: 37379903 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Hurdles in the identification of new drugs for cancer treatment have made drug repurposing an increasingly appealing alternative. The approach involves the use of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. It is cost-effective and facilitates rapid clinical translation. Given that cancer is also considered a metabolic disease, drugs for metabolic disorders are being actively repurposed for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we discuss the repurposing of such drugs approved for two major metabolic diseases, diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which have shown potential as anti-cancer treatment. We also highlight the current understanding of the cancer signaling pathways that these drugs target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Pillai U
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Anindita Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Meenu Maan
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Dubai, UAE; New York University-Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, BITS Pilani, Dubai Campus, Academic City, Dubai, UAE.
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Singh J, Meena A, Luqman S. New frontiers in the design and discovery of therapeutics that target calcium ion signaling: a novel approach in the fight against cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1379-1392. [PMID: 37655549 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2251887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Ca2+ signaling toolkit is currently under investigation as a potential target for addressing the threat of cancer. A growing body of evidence suggests that calcium signaling plays a crucial role in promoting various aspects of cancer, including cell proliferation, progression, drug resistance, and migration-related activities. Consequently, focusing on these altered Ca2+ transporting proteins has emerged as a promising area of research for cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the existing research on the role of Ca2+-transporting proteins in cancer progression. It discusses the current studies evaluating Ca2+ channel/transporter/pump blockers, inhibitors, or regulators as potential anticancer drugs. Additionally, the review addresses specific gaps in our understanding of the field that may require further investigation. EXPERT OPINION Targeting specific Ca2+ signaling cascades could disrupt normal cellular activities, making cancer therapy complex and elusive. Therefore, there is a need for improvements in current Ca2+ signaling pathway focused medicines. While synthetic molecules and plant compounds show promise, they also come with certain limitations. Hence, exploring the framework of targeted drug delivery, structure-rationale-based designing, and repurposing potential drugs to target Ca2+ transporting proteins could potentially lead to a significant breakthrough in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Suaib Luqman
- Bioprospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Hijazi MA, Gessner A, El-Najjar N. Repurposing of Chronically Used Drugs in Cancer Therapy: A Chance to Grasp. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3199. [PMID: 37370809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in drug discovery for cancer therapy, drug repurposing remains an exceptional opportunistic strategy. This approach offers many advantages (faster, safer, and cheaper drugs) typically needed to overcome increased challenges, i.e., side effects, resistance, and costs associated with cancer therapy. However, not all drug classes suit a patient's condition or long-time use. For that, repurposing chronically used medications is more appealing. This review highlights the importance of repurposing anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs in the global fight against human malignancies. Extensive searches of all available evidence (up to 30 March 2023) on the anti-cancer activities of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive agents are obtained from multiple resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drug Bank database, ReDo database, and the National Institutes of Health). Interestingly, more than 92 clinical trials are evaluating the anti-cancer activity of 14 anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs against more than 15 cancer types. Moreover, some of these agents have reached Phase IV evaluations, suggesting promising official release as anti-cancer medications. This comprehensive review provides current updates on different anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive classes possessing anti-cancer activities with the available evidence about their mechanism(s) and stage of development and evaluation. Hence, it serves researchers and clinicians interested in anti-cancer drug discovery and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Hijazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nahed El-Najjar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Ribeiro E, Costa B, Vasques-Nóvoa F, Vale N. In Vitro Drug Repurposing: Focus on Vasodilators. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040671. [PMID: 36831338 PMCID: PMC9954697 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing aims to identify new therapeutic uses for drugs that have already been approved for other conditions. This approach can save time and resources compared to traditional drug development, as the safety and efficacy of the repurposed drug have already been established. In the context of cancer, drug repurposing can lead to the discovery of new treatments that can target specific cancer cell lines and improve patient outcomes. Vasodilators are a class of drugs that have been shown to have the potential to influence various types of cancer. These medications work by relaxing the smooth muscle of blood vessels, increasing blood flow to tumors, and improving the delivery of chemotherapy drugs. Additionally, vasodilators have been found to have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on cancer cells, making them a promising target for drug repurposing. Research on vasodilators for cancer treatment has already shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. However, additionally research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action of vasodilators in cancer and determine the optimal dosing and combination therapy for patients. In this review, we aim to explore the molecular mechanisms of action of vasodilators in cancer cell lines and the current state of research on their repurposing as a treatment option. With the goal of minimizing the effort and resources required for traditional drug development, we hope to shed light on the potential of vasodilators as a viable therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Ribeiro
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Vasques-Nóvoa
- Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-220426537
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Ertilav K, Nazıroğlu M. Honey bee venom melittin increases the oxidant activity of cisplatin and kills human glioblastoma cells by stimulating the TRPM2 channel. Toxicon 2023; 222:106993. [PMID: 36528210 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melittin (MLT) treatment is believed to enhance tumor cell death, apoptotic, and oxidative cytotoxic effects of cisplatin (CSP) via the modulation of Ca2+ channels in several cancer lines. The activation of TRPM2 mediated anticancer and CSP resistance actions via mitochondrial Ca2+ and Zn2+ accumulation-induced mitochondrial reactive free oxygen species (MitSOX) in the glioblastoma cells. The aim was to elucidate the effects of CSP and MLT combination via the TRPM2 stimulation on the tumor cell viability, cell number, cell death (propidium iodide/Hoechst rate), apoptosis, and MitSOX levels in the DBTRG-05MG cells. In the DBTRG-05MG cells, we induced four groups as control, MLT (2.5 μg/ml for 24 h), CSP (25 μM for 24 h), and CSP + MLT. The CSP-induced intracellular Ca2+ influxes to the TRPM2 activation were increased in the cells from coming H2O2 and ADP-Ribose. The influxes were decreased in the cells by the incubations of TRPM2 antagonists (ACA and carvacrol). The incubation of CSP increased the parameters of intracellular Ca2+ responses, mitochondria function, cytosolic free Zn2+ accumulation, apoptosis (caspase -3, -8, and -9), and MitSOX generation in the tumor cells. After the treatment of MLT with/without CSP, the parameters were further increased in the cells. In conclusion, the treatment of MLT increased the anticancer, tumor cell death, apoptotic, and oxidant effects of CSP in the glioblastoma tumor cells via activating the TRPM2. As a result, TRPM2 stimulation by MLT may be utilized as a successful agent in the CSP treatment of glioblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Ertilav
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd., Goller Bolgesi Teknokenti, Isparta, Turkey.
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Silver nanoparticles potentiate antitumor and oxidant actions of cisplatin via the stimulation of TRPM2 channel in glioblastoma tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110261. [PMID: 36403784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) and cisplatin (CiSP) exposure via the activation of TRPM2 cation channels in glioblastoma (DBTRG-05MG) cell line. The cells were divided into four groups as control, AgNPs (100 μg/ml for 48 h), CiSP (25 μM for 24 h), and CiSP + AgNPs. We found that the cytotoxic, oxidant and apoptotic actions of CiSP were further stimulated through the activation of TRPM2 (via ADP-ribose and H2O2) in the cells by the treatment of AgNPs. The actions were decreased in the cells by the treatments of TRPM2 antagonists (ACA and 2APB). The apoptotic actions of AgNPs were induced by the stimulation of propidium iodide positive DBTRG-05MG rate, caspase -3, caspase -8, and caspase -9 activations, although their oxidant actions were acted by the increase of mitochondrial membrane depolarization, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial oxygen free radicals (ROS), and cytosolic ROS, but the decrease of total antioxidant status, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. The accumulation of cytosolic free Ca2+ and Zn2+ into mitochondria via the activation of TRPM2 current density and activity accelerated oxidant and apoptotic actions of AgNPs in the cells. We found that the combination of AgNPs and CiSP was synergistic via the stimulation of TRPM2 for treatment of DBTRG-05MG cells. The combination of AgNPs and CiSP showed a favorable action via the stimulation of TRPM2 in the treatment of glioblastoma tumor cells.
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Öcal Ö, Nazıroğlu M. Eicosapentaenoic acid enhanced apoptotic and oxidant effects of cisplatin via activation of TRPM2 channel in brain tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 359:109914. [PMID: 35395232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CiSP) induced-overload Ca2+ entry results in the increase of mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in the cancer cell. TRPM2 cation channel is gated by the cytosolic ADP-ribose (ADPR) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The high content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in the brain is a main target of ROS. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) induces oxidant action via the enhance of PUFA content in the glioblastoma (DBTRG) cells. We hypothesized that a combination of CiSP and EPA may offer a potential therapy in the DBTRG cell by exerting the antitumor, oxidant, and apoptotic actions and stimulating Ca2+ influx and TRPM2 activity. In the DBTRG cells, we induced four groups as control, EPA (30 μM for 24 h), CiSP (25 μM for 24 h), and CiSP + EPA. The CiSP-induced intracellular Ca2+ responses to the TRPM2 activation were increased in the DBTRG cells from coming H2O2 and ADPR. The responses were decreased in the cells by the inhibitions of TRPM2 (ACA and 2/APB) and PARP/1 (DPQ and PJ34). The incubation of EPA further increased the intracellular Ca2+ responses, mitochondria function, and the generation of ROS in the DBTRGs. After the treatment of EPA, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis, cell death, caspase -3, -8, and -9 levels were further increased in the cells, although the levels of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, cell numbers, and viability were further decreased in the cells. In summary, anticancer, apoptotic, and oxidant actions of CiSP were further increased via the activation of TRPM2 channel in the DBTRGs. Hence, TRPM2 stimulation via EPA could be used as an effective agent in the treatment of glioblastoma tumors with CiSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Öcal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara City State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd., Isparta, Turkey.
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Plumeria alba-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Exhibits Antimicrobial Effect and Anti-Oncogenic Activity against Glioblastoma U118 MG Cancer Cell Line. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030493. [PMID: 35159838 PMCID: PMC8839720 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plumeria alba (P. alba) is a small laticiferous tree with promising medicinal properties. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and non-hazardous compared to chemical and physical synthesis methods. Current research aiming to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extract of P. alba (P- AgNPs) has described its physiochemical and pharmacological properties in recognition of its therapeutic potential as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent. These biogenic synthesized P-AgNPs were physiochemically characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and zeta potential analyses. Antimicrobial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. Anticancer activity against glioblasoma U118 MG cancer lines was investigated using an MTT assay, and apoptosis activity was determined by flow cytometry. UV–visible spectroscopic analysis portrayed surface plasmon resonance at 403 nm of synthesized P-AgNPs, and FTIR suggested the presence of amines, alkanes, and phenol molecules that could be involved in reduction and capping processes during AgNPs formation. Synthesized particles were spherical in shape and poly-dispersed with an average particle size of 26.43 nm and a poly-dispersity index (PDI) of 0.25 with a zeta potential value of −24.6 mV, ensuring their stability. The lattice plane values confirm the crystalline nature as identified by XRD. These P-AgNPs exhibited potential antimicrobial activity against selected human pathogenic microbes. Additionally, the in vitro MTT assay results show its effective anticancer activity against the glioma U118 MG cancer cell line with an IC50 value of 9.77 µg/mL AgNPs by initiating apoptosis as identified by a staining study with flow cytometric annexin V–fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and propidium iodide (PI). Thus, P. alba AgNPs can be recommended for further pharmacological and other biological research. To conclude, the current investigation developed an eco-friendly AgNPs synthesis using P. alba leaf extract with potential cytotoxic and antibacterial capacity, which can therefore be recommended as a new strategy to treat different human diseases.
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Wu L, Lian W, Zhao L. Calcium signaling in cancer progression and therapy. FEBS J 2021; 288:6187-6205. [PMID: 34288422 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The old Greek aphorism 'Panta Rhei' ('everything flows') is true for all living things in general. As a dynamic process, calcium signaling plays fundamental roles in cellular activities under both normal and pathological conditions, with recent researches uncovering its involvement in cell proliferation, migration, survival, gene expression, and more. The major question we address here is how calcium signaling affects cancer progression and whether it could be targeted to combine with classic chemotherapeutics or emerging immunotherapies to improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Lian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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Kirtonia A, Gala K, Fernandes SG, Pandya G, Pandey AK, Sethi G, Khattar E, Garg M. Repurposing of drugs: An attractive pharmacological strategy for cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:258-278. [PMID: 32380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues though out the world and anticipated to rise in the future. The development of novel drugs/agents requires a huge amount of cost and time that represents a major challenge for drug discovery. In the last three decades, the number of FDA approved drugs has dropped down and this led to increasing interest in drug reposition or repurposing. The present review focuses on recent concepts and therapeutic opportunities for the utilization of antidiabetics, antibiotics, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, PDE inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonist, Antabuse, antiparasitic and cardiovascular agents/drugs as an alternative approach against human malignancies. The repurposing of approved non-cancerous drugs is an effective strategy to develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer patients at an affordable cost in clinics. In the current scenario, most of the countries throughout the globe are unable to meet the medical needs of cancer patients because of the high cost of the available cancerous drugs. Some of these drugs displayed potential anti-cancer activity in preclinic and clinical studies by regulating several key molecular mechanisms and oncogenic pathways in human malignancies. The emerging pieces of evidence indicate that repurposing of drugs is crucial to the faster and cheaper discovery of anti-cancerous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Kavita Gala
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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Chovancova B, Liskova V, Miklikova S, Hudecova S, Babula P, Penesova A, Sevcikova A, Durinikova E, Novakova M, Matuskova M, Krizanova O. Calcium signaling affects migration and proliferation differently in individual cancer cells due to nifedipine treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 171:113695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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13
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Multifunctional magnetic-polymeric nanoparticles based ferrofluids for multi-modal in vitro cancer treatment using thermotherapy and chemotherapy. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kutwin M, Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Hinzmann M, Wierzbicki M, Hotowy A, Grodzik M, Winnicka A, Chwalibog A. Investigation of platinum nanoparticle properties against U87 glioblastoma multiforme. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1322-1334. [PMID: 29181062 PMCID: PMC5701677 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas are the most aggressive and common primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Many side effects of drugs containing platinum and their poor penetration of the CNS are major drawbacks in glioma therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the toxicity of platinum nanoparticles and cisplatin and their anticancer properties in examination with a U87 glioma cell line and tumor. MATERIAL AND METHODS Nanoparticles of platinum (NP-Pt) and cisplatin were incubated with U87 glioma cells or injected directly into tumor tissue. The biological properties of NP-Pt and cisplatin were compared through the morphology, viability, mortality, genotoxicity and the type of cell death of U87 glioma cells, the morphology and ultrastructure of glioma tumor, and expression of caspase-3, p53 and PCNA mRNA. RESULTS NP-Pt at concentrations of 0.14 µM/ml, 0.29 µM/ml and 0.65 µM/ml had a harmful influence on viability of U87 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, but also showed genotoxic properties as well as a pro-apoptotic effect on cancer cells. It was found that NP-Pt decreased the weight and volume of U87 GBM tumor tissue and caused pathomorphological changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of tumor tissue, but they also upregulated p53 and caspase-3 mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS The comparison between the effectiveness of glioblastoma treatment by NP-Pt vs cisplatin showed promising results for future studies. The results indicate that the properties of NP-Pt might be utilized for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kutwin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jaworski
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Hinzmann
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hotowy
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Chwalibog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kutwin M, Sawosz E, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Strojny B, Grodzik M, Chwalibog A. Assessment of the proliferation status of glioblastoma cell and tumour tissue after nanoplatinum treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178277. [PMID: 28562655 PMCID: PMC5451066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most frequent primary brain tumours of the central nervous system, with a poor survival time. With inefficient chemotherapy, it is urgent to develop new strategies for tumour therapy. The present approach is based on the inhibition of cell proliferation using platinum nanoparticles (NP-Pt). The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the antiproliferative properties of NP-Pt and cisplatin against U87 and U118 glioma cell lines and U87 tumour tissue. NP-Pt and cisplatin were incubated with U87 and U118 glioma cells or administered directly into glioma tumour tissue. Cell morphology, the level of DNA synthesis, the migration of cells, protein expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the level of DNA oxidation in glioma tumours were investigated. The results showed that NP-Pt treatment of U87 and U118 glioma cells decreased the level of DNA synthesis and the migration of cancer cells but also downregulated the level of PCNA protein expression in tumour tissue. Furthermore, NP-Pt caused oxidative DNA damage in tumour tissue to a higher degree than cisplatin. Consequently, NP-Pt can be considered as an effective inhibitor of glioblastoma tumour cell proliferation. However, the mechanism of action and potential side effects need to be elucidated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kutwin
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Jaworski
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Strojny
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Grodzik
- Warsaw University of Life Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - André Chwalibog
- University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Falfushynska H, Gnatyshyna L, Horyn O, Sokolova I, Stoliar O. Endocrine and cellular stress effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles and nifedipine in marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 185:171-182. [PMID: 28226256 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater organisms including amphibians experience increasing exposures to emerging pollutants such as nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals, which can affect their fitness and performance. We studied the effects of two common pollutants extensively used in industry, pharmaceutical and personal care products, nano-zinc oxide (nZnO) and a Ca-channel blocker nifedipine (Nfd), on endocrine status and cellular stress markers of the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus. Males were exposed for 14days to nZnO (3.1μM), Zn2+ (3.1μM, as a positive control for nZnO exposures), Nfd (10μM), and combination of nZnO and Nfd (nZnO+Nfd). Exposure to nZnO and Zn2+ led to an increase in Zn burdens, elevated concentrations of the metal-bound metallothioneins (MT-Me) in the liver and increased vitellogenin in the serum, whereas exposures to Nfd and nZnO+Nfd resulted in the metal release from MTs and a significant increase in the ratio of total to metal-bound MTs. This likely reflects oxidative stress caused by Nfd exposures as manifested in the elevated levels of oxyradical production, upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and increase in the total and oxidized glutathione concentrations in Nfd-exposed frogs. Zn-containing exposures upregulated activity of deiodinase (in nZnO and nZnO+Nfd exposures) and serum thyrotropin level (in the case of Zn2+). All exposures caused an increase in DNA fragmentation, lipofuscin accumulation as well as upregulation of caspase-3 and CYP450 levels reflecting cytotoxicity of the studied compounds in the liver. Across all experimental treatments, nZnO exposures in the absence of Nfd had the least impact on the cellular stress traits or redox status in frogs. This indicates that at the low environmentally relevant levels of pollution, pharmaceuticals such as Nfd and free metals (such as Zn2+) may represent a stronger threat to the health of the frogs than nZnO particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Falfushynska
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Gnatyshyna
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine; I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horyn
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Maydan Voli, 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Inna Sokolova
- Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein Str., 3, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Research Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ternopil National Pedagogical University, Kryvonosa Str 2, 46027, Ternopil, Ukraine.
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17
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Erol K, Yiğitaslan S, Ünel Ç, Kaygısız B, Yıldırım E. Evaluation of Cisplatin Neurotoxicity in Cultured Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia via Cytosolic Calcium Accumulation. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:144-51. [PMID: 27403382 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2016.161110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium homeostasis is considered to be important in antineoplastic as well as in neurotoxic adverse effects of cisplatin. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of Ca(2+) in cisplatin neurotoxicity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells. STUDY DESIGN Cell culture study. METHODS DRG cells prepared from 1-day old Sprague-Dawley rats were used to determine the role of Ca(2+) in the cisplatin (10-600 μM) neurotoxicity. The cells were incubated with cisplatin plus nimodipine (1-3 μM), dizocilpine (MK-801) (1-3 μM) or thapsigargin (100-300 nM). Toxicity of cisplatinon DRG cells was determined by the MTT assay. RESULTS The neurotoxicity of cisplatin was significant when used in high concentrations (100-600 μM). Nimodipine (1 μM) but not MK-801 or thapsigargin prevented the neurotoxic effects of 200 μM of cisplatin. CONCLUSION Voltage-dependent calcium channels may play a role in cisplatin neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Erol
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Semra Yiğitaslan
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Ünel
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Bilgin Kaygısız
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Engin Yıldırım
- Department of Pharmacology, Osmangazi University School of Medicine, Eskişehir, Turkey
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18
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Yanase T, Kikuchi A, Sasagawa M, Honma S. Disappearance of a metastatic brain tumor and achievement of long-term survival with a good quality of life after a combination of systemic chemotherapy with the P-glycoprotein inhibitor nifedipine in a patient with ovarian cancer. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:2195-7. [PMID: 26386980 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-015-2580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Yanase
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3, Kawagishi-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan.
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3, Kawagishi-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Motoi Sasagawa
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3, Kawagishi-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
| | - Shigeru Honma
- Department of Gynecology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, 2-15-3, Kawagishi-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8566, Japan
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19
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Kale VP, Amin SG, Pandey MK. Targeting ion channels for cancer therapy by repurposing the approved drugs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2747-55. [PMID: 25843679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels have been shown to be involved in oncogenesis and efforts are being poured in to target the ion channels. There are many clinically approved drugs with ion channels as "off" targets. The question is, can these drugs be repurposed to inhibit ion channels for cancer treatment? Repurposing of drugs will not only save investors' money but also result in safer drugs for cancer patients. Advanced bioinformatics techniques and availability of a plethora of open access data on FDA approved drugs for various indications and omics data of large number of cancer types give a ray of hope to look for possibility of repurposing those drugs for cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pralhad Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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20
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Yang Y, Sun H, Zhou Y, Ji S, Li M. Effects of three diterpenoids on tumour cell proliferation and telomerase activity. Nat Prod Res 2009; 23:1007-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410802295149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Tomaszewski A, Büsselberg D. Cisplatin modulates voltage gated channel currents of dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. Neurotoxicology 2006; 28:49-58. [PMID: 16945417 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug cis-diammindichloroplatin (CDDP, cisplatin) causes severe side effects like peripheral sensitive neuropathy. The toxicity of CDDP has been linked to changes in intracellular calcium homeostasis ([Ca2+]i). Voltage activated calcium channel currents (ICa(V)) are important for the regulation of [Ca2+]i; therefore, this study was designed to examine the effect of CDDP on ICa(V) in comparison to voltage activated potassium (IK(V)) and sodium (INa(V)) channel currents using the whole cell patch clamp method on dorsal root ganglion neurons of rats. In small neurons (<or=Ø20 microm) CDDP reduced peak and sustained ICa(V) concentration dependently (1-100 microM). The IC50 was 23.9+/-4.5 microM (+/-S.D.) for the peak current with a Hill-coefficient of 0.6+/-0.1 and 38.8+/-6.1 microM for the sustained current (Hill-coefficient: 0.7+/-0.1). IK(V) were reduced by 20.9+/-4.8% (10 microM) and INa(V) were only reduced by 9.2%+/-7.2% (10 microM). ICa(V) of large neurons (>or=Ø25 microm) were less sensitive to CDDP. The peak ICa(V) was reduced by 14.1+/-2.3% and IK(V) by 12.8+/-3.4% (100 microM). The sensitivity of INa(V) in large neurons to CDDP was not different compared to small neurons. We conclude that the reduction of ICa(V) in small cells may be responsible for the neurotoxic side effects CDDP causes in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Tomaszewski
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinik, Institut für Physiologie, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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22
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Khalid MH, Tokunaga Y, Caputy AJ, Walters E. Inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival of rats with intracranial gliomas following administration of clotrimazole. J Neurosurg 2005; 103:79-86. [PMID: 16121977 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2005.103.1.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Clotrimazole, an imidazole derivative and inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells by downregulating the movement of intracellular Ca++ and K+ and by interfering with the translation initiation process. Clotrimazole inhibits the proliferation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells; it induces morphological changes toward differentiation and blocks the cell cycle in the G1/G1 phase. In vitro, clotrimazole enhances the antitumor effect of cisplatin by inducing wild-type p53-mediated apoptosis. The authors examined the effect of clotrimazole on tumor growth, sensitivity to cisplatin, and survival of rats with intracranial gliomas. METHODS Cultured C6 and 9L glioma cells were exposed to clotrimazole, and cell growth was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay. Clotrimazole produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. The growth inhibitory effect of clotrimazole could not be overcome by exogenous stimulation with epidermal growth factor. Both C6 and 9L glioma cells were implanted into the rat brain and after 5 days, the animals were treated with a daily single dose of clotrimazole for 8 consecutive days. Clotrimazole treatment caused a significant inhibition of intracranial tumor growth. The survival of rats with 9L gliomas was analyzed after 10 days of treatment with clotrimazole, cisplatin, or a combination of clotrimazole and cisplatin. Rats treated with either drug displayed a significantly prolonged survival time; however, the combination treatment resulted only in an additional survival benefit. CONCLUSIONS Clotrimazole effectively inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth, and prolongs survival of rats with intracranial gliomas. Clotrimazole may be considered a potential anticancer drug for treatment of intracranial gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Humayun Khalid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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23
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Chen SZ, Jiang M, Zhen YS. HERG K+ channel expression-related chemosensitivity in cancer cells and its modulation by erythromycin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2005; 56:212-20. [PMID: 15812674 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-004-0960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have found that the HERG K+ channel is highly expressed in some cancers. In the study reported here, we investigated HERG expression in various cancer cell lines, its correlation with chemosensitivity to vincristine, paclitaxel, and hydroxy-camptothecin, and its biochemical modulation. METHODS The MTT assay and clonogenic assay were used to detect the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs in vitro. HERG expression was analyzed by Western blotting or immunocytochemistry. Gene transfection was used to examine the changes in HERG-related chemosensitivity. Cell cycle phase distribution was detected by flow cytometry and drug combinations were evaluated by the MTT assay. RESULTS HERG expression levels differed widely between various human cancer cell lines and HT-29 cells expressing high levels of HERG were more sensitive than A549 cells expressing low levels of HERG to vincristine, paclitaxel, and hydroxy-camptothecin. In terms of IC50, the chemosensitivities of herg-transfected A549 cells to vincristine, paclitaxel and hydroxy-camptothecin were significantly increased. However, for cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, no significant difference between herg-transfected A549 cells and parent A549 cells was detected. Erythromycin, a HERG K+ channel blocker, suppressed the growth of various cancer cells and the potency was correlated with HERG expression levels. Combinations of erythromycin and vincristine, paclitaxel or hydroxy-camptothecin showed synergy in cytotoxicity to HT-29 cells. Erythromycin also enhanced the G2/M arrest induced by vincristine in HT-29 cells. There were synergistic effects between erythromycin and vincristine, paclitaxel, and hydroxy-camptothecin, and chemosensitivity was correlated with HERG expression level. CONCLUSIONS HERG expression levels and chemosensitivity were positively correlated for vincristine, paclitaxel, and hydroxy-camptothecin. Erythromycin was active as a modulator. These results suggest that HERG may serve as a molecular marker and modulating target for individualized cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China,
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24
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Cho D, Kim YI, Kang JS, Hahm E, Yang Y, Kim D, Kim S, Kim YS, Hur D, Park H, Hwang YI, Kim TS, Lee WJ. Resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy is induced by NK cells in non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cells. J Clin Immunol 2005; 24:553-60. [PMID: 15359114 DOI: 10.1023/b:joci.0000040926.37275.3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It is known that B lymphoma cells are sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy, but primary or secondary chemoresistance frequently occurs and is the major cause of death in these patients. However, the mechanisms by which lymphoma cells acquire resistance to cytotoxic drugs are not fully understood. Recently, it was reported that B cells secrete immunoglobulin and produce cytokines after interacting with NK cells, thus indicating the importance of NK/B interactions. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy induced in cocultures of NK cells and Raji cells. Normally, Raji cells are doxorubicin-sensitive, but Raji cells cocultured with NK cells become doxorubicin-resistant. In addition, we detected the upregulation of CD69 and CD70 on Raji cells cocultured with NK cells, suggesting that Raji cells are activated by NK cells. We also found that the resistance of Raji cells to doxorubicin increased when they had been treated with NK cell coculture supernatant. Furthermore, boiled culture supernatant did not inhibit doxorubicin-mediated cell death, indicating that soluble factors are involved. Finally, we confirmed that NK cells produce TNF alpha, and that doxorubicin-sensitive Raji cells become doxorubicin-resistant after TNF alpha treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that B lymphoma cell resistance to doxorubicin-mediated cell death is induced by coculture with NK cells, because of TNF alpha secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daeho Cho
- Department of Life Science, Sookmyung Women's University
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25
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Chen JW, Madamanchi N, Madamanchi NR, Trier TT, Keherly MJ. Lamp-1 is upregulated in human glioblastoma cell lines induced to undergo apoptosis. J Biomed Sci 2001; 8:365-74. [PMID: 11455200 DOI: 10.1007/bf02258379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP)-1, one of the major protein components of the lysosomal membrane, is upregulated in the human glioblastoma cell lines, U-373 MG and LN-Z308, which undergo cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These human brain tumor cell lines demonstrated apoptosis in response to cisplatin/nifedipine treatment. Both cell lines demonstrated an apoptotic response by more than one criterion. Apoptosis was demonstrated by DNA fragmentation techniques such as DNA laddering, ApopTag in situ labeling, and an ELISA-based method of detecting liberated oligosomes. These cells also had characteristic morphologic changes and upregulation of bax consistent with apoptosis. LAMP-1 expression at the protein and mRNA level was examined and found to increase with cisplatin/nifedipine treatment. LAMP-1 expression was examined using indirect immunofluorescent staining, Northern blot analysis and Western blot analysis. The finding of an augmentation of LAMP-1 in these cells induced to die is enigmatic. These findings raise the possibility of LAMP-1 involvement in the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chen
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Tex, USA
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26
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Noda S, Yoshimura S, Sawada M, Naganawa T, Iwama T, Nakashima S, Sakai N. Role of ceramide during cisplatin-induced apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2001; 52:11-21. [PMID: 11451199 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010624823158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is commonly used for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. However, the mechanisms of cell death by cisplatin are not fully understood. Therefore, the present study was designed to elucidate the apoptotic signaling pathway(s) activated by cisplatin in a C6 rat glioma cell line. C6 cells were treated with various concentrations of cisplatin (0.2-10 microg/ml) for 24-72 h. At 10 microg/ml cisplatin, over 90% of the cells became dead at 72 h. Apoptotic death was confirmed by condensation and fragmentation of nuclei, and DNA laddering. Even in cells treated with 1.5 microg/ml cisplatin, typical apoptotic cells were observed at 72 h. The intracellular level of ceramide, measured Escherichia coli diacylglycerol kinase markedly increased during 24-72 h after the addition of 10 microg/ml cisplatin. The activity of caspase-3(-like) proteases increased and reached a peak at 48 h. Inhibitors of caspases reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Pretreatment of C6 cells with glutathione or N-acetyl-cysteine, which are known to block the activation of neutral magnesium-dependent sphingomyelinase, inhibited ceramide formation, leading to suppression of both activation of caspase-3(-like) proteases and apoptosis by cisplatin. In contrast, pretreatment of the cells with N-oleoylethanolamine (OE), a ceramidase inhibitor, potentiated apoptosis induced by cisplatin. Furthermore, OE enhanced sensitivity of the cisplatin-resistant cells to cisplatin. These results suggest that ceramide is closely implicated in apoptosis of glioma cells by cisplatin through activation of caspase-3(-like) proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Noda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Sørensen HT, Olsen JH, Mellemkjaer L, Marie A, Steffensen FH, McLaughlin JK, Baron JA. Cancer risk and mortality in users of calcium channel blockers. A cohort study. Cancer 2000; 89:165-70. [PMID: 10897013 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20000701)89:1<165::aid-cncr21>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the association between the use of calcium channel blockers and cancer risk have been conflicting. In the current study, the authors examined the cancer risk and mortality in users of calcium channel blockers in North Jutland County, Denmark. METHODS The authors conducted a cohort study using record linkage between a population-based prescription database, the Danish Cancer Registry, and the Danish Death Registry including 23, 167 users of calcium channel blockers who received >/=2 prescriptions between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1995. The authors calculated the standardized incidence ratios and standard mortality ratios for cancer, along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS Overall, 967 incident cases of cancer occurred, resulting in a standardized incidence ratio of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.11). There was a slightly elevated nonsignificant risk of tobacco-related cancer. No increased risk of breast or colon carcinoma was observed. The cancer mortality was close to that expected in the background population (standardized mortality ratio of 0.97; 95% CI, 0.89-1.04). CONCLUSIONS This large-scale, population-based cohort study adds to the increasing evidence indicating no substantial association between the use of calcium channel blockers and the incidence rate of cancer or cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Sørensen
- Department of Medicine V, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
The potential of Ca(2+) channel antagonists, particularly nifedipine, to cause apoptotic cell death has been controversial and is of considerable importance for cardiomyocytes as loss of these cells is an important component of the pathophysiology leading to heart failure. To examine the hypothesis that nifedipine induces cell death and modulates calcium-induced apoptosis, cardiomyocytes in culture from embryonic chick hearts, that readily manifest apoptosis, were studied. Apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and by quantitative analysis of DNA fragmentation by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) specific for histone-associated DNA fragments of mono- and oligonucleosome size. Cell death was evaluated by using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. Cardiomyocytes were treated with various concentrations of nifedipine over a concentration range relevant to serum concentrations in man. Nifedipine, 1 to 100 microM, did not produce cell death in cardiomyocytes. There was no evidence of apoptosis on FACS analysis of cardiomyocytes stained with fluoresceine diacetate or propidum iodide (PI). Neither was there any evidence of apoptotic nuclei on PI staining of permeabilized cardiomyocytes treated with nifedipine. In contrast, DNA fragmentation consistent with apoptosis was induced in a significant (P<0.05) concentration-dependent manner, by increases in extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)). Importantly, nifedipine reduced DNA fragmentation produced by increased [Ca(2+)](o). Furthermore, nifedipine blocked calcium-induced cell death as high [Ca(2+)](o) significantly (P<0. 05) reduced cell viability. These data indicate that nifedipine does not induce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes rather apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is under regulatory control by Ca(2+) and nifedipine can antagonize Ca(2+)-mediated apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Rabkin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, D410-2733 Heather St., Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kanamasa K, Kimura A, Miyataka M, Takenaka T, Ishikawa K. Incidence of cancer in postmyocardial infarction patients treated with short-acting nifedipine and diltiazem. Secondary Prevention Group. Cancer 1999; 85:1369-74. [PMID: 10189144 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990315)85:6<1369::aid-cncr21>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest a possible link between nifedipine (but not diltiazem) and an increased risk of cancer in patients being treated with calcium antagonists. METHODS A total of 1054 postmyocardial infarction patients were divided randomly into those being treated with calcium antagonists (n = 566 [nifedipine, 425 patients and diltiazem, 141 patients]) and controls (no calcium antagonist; n = 488). The patients were followed for 26.3 months, and the incidences of cardiac events as well as cancer were compared among the 3 groups. RESULTS Thirteen patients (2.7%) in the control group developed cancer, whereas 15 patients in the nifedipine group (3.5%; odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.63-2.85) and 3 patients in the diltiazem group (2.1%; odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.27-2.93) developed cancer. CONCLUSIONS Diltiazem appears to present no increased risk of cancer. The incidence of cancer was slightly higher in the patients receiving nifedipine than in those not being treated with a calcium antagonist, which is consistent with earlier reports; however, this increase was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kanamasa
- The First Department of Medicine, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
The modulation of the cytotoxic effects of an anthracyclin by CD40L was investigated in five non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cell lines (Daudi, Raji, BJAB, BL36, BL70). Incubation with doxorubicin (DOX) increased in a dose-dependent manner the percentage of apoptosis in NHL cells. Coculture with irradiated L cells expressing CD40L (CD40L L cells), but not CDw32 (CDw32 L cells), significantly reduced (33% to 89%) the percentage of apoptosis in all five cell lines treated with 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL of DOX, but in only three cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, IL-2, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced no additive protective effects with CD40L L cells. In all five cell lines, DOX induced a concentration-dependent increase of the activity of the cysteine-protease caspase 3. Coculture with CD40L L cells, but not with CDw32 L cells, inhibited (38% to 100%) the activation of caspase 3 induced by 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL of DOX in all five NHL cell lines, but in only two cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Finally, the antiproliferative effect of 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL concentrations of DOX was also partially abrogated on coculture with CD40L L cells in all five cell lines, but in only two cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Cytokines, either alone or in combination with CD40L L cells, did not affect DOX-induced inhibition of proliferation. These results indicate that CD40L inhibits the apoptosis and antiproliferative effect induced by DOX and interferes with caspase 3 activation in B NHL cell lines.
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Abstract
Abstract
The modulation of the cytotoxic effects of an anthracyclin by CD40L was investigated in five non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cell lines (Daudi, Raji, BJAB, BL36, BL70). Incubation with doxorubicin (DOX) increased in a dose-dependent manner the percentage of apoptosis in NHL cells. Coculture with irradiated L cells expressing CD40L (CD40L L cells), but not CDw32 (CDw32 L cells), significantly reduced (33% to 89%) the percentage of apoptosis in all five cell lines treated with 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL of DOX, but in only three cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, IL-2, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced no additive protective effects with CD40L L cells. In all five cell lines, DOX induced a concentration-dependent increase of the activity of the cysteine-protease caspase 3. Coculture with CD40L L cells, but not with CDw32 L cells, inhibited (38% to 100%) the activation of caspase 3 induced by 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL of DOX in all five NHL cell lines, but in only two cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Finally, the antiproliferative effect of 0.1 to 0.5 μg/mL concentrations of DOX was also partially abrogated on coculture with CD40L L cells in all five cell lines, but in only two cell lines at 1 μg/mL. Cytokines, either alone or in combination with CD40L L cells, did not affect DOX-induced inhibition of proliferation. These results indicate that CD40L inhibits the apoptosis and antiproliferative effect induced by DOX and interferes with caspase 3 activation in B NHL cell lines.
© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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32
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Trenkwalder P, Hendricks P, Hense HW. Treatment with calcium antagonists does not increase the risk of fatal or non-fatal cancer in an elderly mid-European population: results from STEPHY II. Starnberg Study on Epidemiology of Parkinsonism and Hypertension in the Elderly. J Hypertens 1998; 16:1113-6. [PMID: 9794713 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199816080-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between use of calcium antagonists and incidence of fatal or non-fatal cancer over 3 years in the Starnberg Study on Epidemiology of Parkinsonism and Hypertension in the Elderly (STEPHY) population. DESIGN A prospective cohort study with follow-up analysis after 3 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 1992 STEPHY workers investigated the total population aged > 65 years (n = 1190) of two villages in Bavaria, Germany. With 982 participants (response rate 83%) the prevalence of 'actual' hypertension (blood pressure > or = 160/95 mmHg or treatment) was 53%. Of all hypertensives (n = 491), 54% were being treated, 28% (n = 137) with calcium antagonists. Participants with a history of cancer or manifest cancer were excluded from further analysis. In 1995 in STEPHY II, the 3-year follow-up, we assessed total mortality (including cases of fatal cancer), cardiovascular events and cases of non-fatal cancer between 1992 and 1995. The evaluation included a second interview, use of case records of general practitioners and hospitals and analysis of the official death certificates. The total incidence of fatal and non-fatal cancer (a combined end point) was calculated for participants treated with calcium antagonists and those not taking calcium antagonists. RESULTS Total mortality over 3 years was 12.1 % (n = 119). There were 22 deaths due to cancer and 75 cases of newly diagnosed non-fatal cancer. The combined incidence of fatal and non-fatal cancer (primary end point) was 10.9% (n = 15) for participants treated with calcium antagonists and 9.7% (n = 82) for those not taking calcium antagonists (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.7-1.8). There was also no significant difference between the incidences of fatal cancer (2.2% in both groups), non-fatal cancer (12.5% for participants treated with calcium antagonists and 10.8% for those not taking calcium antagonists) and total mortality (14.6% for participants taking calcium antagonists and 11.7% for those not treated with calcium antagonists). CONCLUSION Use of calcium antagonists does not increase the risk of fatal or non-fatal cancer over 3 years in an elderly mid-European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Trenkwalder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Starnberg Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Germany
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Kondo S, Ishizaka Y, Okada T, Kondo Y, Hitomi M, Tanaka Y, Haqqi T, Barnett GH, Barna BP. FADD gene therapy for malignant gliomas in vitro and in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 9:1599-608. [PMID: 9694158 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.11-1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas/APO-1 (CD95), a cell surface cytokine receptor, triggers apoptotic cell death by specific agonist antibody, suggesting that Fas/APO-1 may be a promising target for treatment of tumors. In this study, we show that treatment with anti-Fas antibody effectively induced apoptosis in malignant glioma cell lines with high expression of Fas/APO-1 (n = 3). Malignant glioma cells with low or undetectable expression of Fas/APO-1 (n = 6), however, were resistant to Fas/APO-1-dependent cytotoxicity. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether resistant tumors could be made susceptible to apoptosis. FADD/MORT1 constitutes a novel protein that associates specifically with the cytoplasmic death domain of Fas/APO-1 and induces apoptosis. We investigated whether overexpression of FADD would induce apoptosis in malignant glioma cells without activating Fas/APO-1. Results indicated that about 85% of malignant glioma cells, regardless of Fas/APO-1 expression levels, underwent apoptosis after transient transfection with FADD expression vector. To further improve gene transfer of FADD into malignant glioma cells, we constructed a retroviral vector containing the FADD gene. The retroviral transfer of FADD gene significantly enhanced the transduction efficiency and effectively inhibited both in vitro and in vivo survival of malignant glioma cells through induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest that the FADD gene is a novel and useful tool for the treatment of malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor/Neuro-Oncology Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA
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34
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Kondo S, Tanaka Y, Kondo Y, Hitomi M, Barnett GH, Ishizaka Y, Liu J, Haqqi T, Nishiyama A, Villeponteau B, Cowell JK, Barna BP. Antisense telomerase treatment: induction of two distinct pathways, apoptosis and differentiation. FASEB J 1998; 12:801-11. [PMID: 9657520 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.12.10.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase, the enzyme that elongates telomeric DNA (TTAGGG)n, may be involved in cellular immortality and oncogenesis. To investigate the effect of inhibition of telomerase on tumor cells, we transfected the antisense vector against the human telomerase RNA into human malignant glioma cells exhibiting telomerase activity. After 30 doublings, some subpopulations of transfectants expressed a high level of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) protein and underwent apoptosis. In contrast, other subpopulations also showed enhanced ICE protein but escaped from apoptotic crisis and continued to grow, although their DNA synthesis, invasive ability, and tumorigenicity in nude mice were significantly reduced. Surviving cells demonstrated increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and decreased motility, consistent with a more differentiated state. These cells also contained enhanced expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) p21 and p27. Treatment of surviving nonapoptotic cells with antisense oligonucleotides against p27, but not p21, induced apoptotic cell death, suggesting that p27 may have protected differentiating glioma cells from apoptosis. These data show that treatment with antisense telomerase inhibits telomerase activity and subsequently induces either apoptosis or differentiation. Regulation of these two distinct pathways may be dependent on the expression of ICE or CDKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor/Neuro-Oncology Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Recent publications have raised concerns about a possible link between calcium antagonist therapy and the development of cancer. Comparisons of the methodology and results of these studies with other studies where an association between calcium antagonist therapy and cancer has not been apparent suggests that the association is most likely to be due to selection bias or chance. Clinical and biochemical studies have not produced a consistent plausible mechanism for a causative link between calcium antagonists and the development of cancer. Further prospective data that will be available from long-term morbidity and mortality trials of the use of calcium antagonists in cardiovascular diseases will be of value in establishing the safety of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Howes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of New South Wales, St George Hospital, Kogarah, Australia.
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36
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Abstract
Epidemiological evidence, particularly from prospective studies, points to the possibility that there is a weak but significantly increased risk of cancer in hypertension. Many classes of drugs have been accused of increasing the risk of cancer yet these studies were case-controlled and did not withstand prospective randomized evaluation. As our understanding of cellular biology and our capacity to dissect genetic components of complex diseases progress, we realize that many pathophysiological pathways are actually quite similar in distinct disorders such as cancer and hypertension. A question can therefore be asked: are the increased risks of cancer and hypertension not related to fundamentally shared pathways, since both disorders reflect proliferative abnormalities? We propose a search for such shared pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hamet
- Centre de Recherche-CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Chintala SK, Ali-Osman F, Mohanam S, Rayford A, Go Y, Gokaslan ZL, Gagercas E, Venkaiah B, Sawaya R, Nicolson GL, Rao JS. Effect of cisplatin and BCNU on MMP-2 levels in human glioblastoma cell lines in vitro. Clin Exp Metastasis 1997; 15:361-7. [PMID: 9219724 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018442003163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in various physiological and pathological conditions such as tissue remodeling, and cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the antitumor compounds cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (ii) (cisplatin) and 1, 3 bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) on 72-kDa type IV collagenase activity (MMP-2) in human gliomas. Human glioblastoma cell lines were treated with cisplatin (25 microM), and BCNU (50 microM), and the levels of MMP-2 were estimated in serum-free conditioned medium and in cell extracts at different time intervals. Gelatin zymography revealed increased levels of MMP-2 in serum-free conditioned medium and in cell extracts of untreated glioblastoma cell cultures during a 72-h period. In contrast, MMP-2 levels were significantly decreased in cisplatin-treated cells both in conditioned medium and cell extracts. However, no significant changes of MMP-2 levels were noted in BCNU-treated cells. Quantitative analysis of MMP-2 enzyme activity by densitometry and amount of MMP-2 protein by ELISA showed significantly decreased levels of MMP-2 in cisplatin-treated cells compared to BCNU and untreated glioblastoma cells. The results indicate that decreased levels of MMP-2 might represent an additional mechanism by which cisplatin provides its antineoplastic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Laniado ME, Lalani EN, Fraser SP, Grimes JA, Bhangal G, Djamgoz MB, Abel PD. Expression and functional analysis of voltage-activated Na+ channels in human prostate cancer cell lines and their contribution to invasion in vitro. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1997; 150:1213-21. [PMID: 9094978 PMCID: PMC1858184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are important for many cellular functions and disease states including cystic fibrosis and multidrug resistance. Previous work in the Dunning rat model of prostate cancer has suggested a relationship between voltage-activated Na+ channels (VASCs) and the invasive phenotype in vitro. The objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate the expression of VASCs in the LNCaP and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and whole-cell patch clamping, 2) determine their role in invasion in vitro using modified Boyden chambers with and without a specific blocker of VASCs (tetrodotoxin). A 260-kd protein representing VASCs was found only in the PC-3 cell line, and these were shown to be membrane expressed on flow cytometry. Patch clamping studies indicated that functional VASCs were present in 10% of PC-3 cells and blocking these by tetrodotoxin (600 nmol/L) reduced their invasiveness by 31% (P = 0.02) without affecting the invasiveness of the LNCaP cells. These results indicate that the reduction of invasion is a direct result of VASC blockade and not a nonspecific action of the drug. This is the first report of VASCs in a human prostatic cell line. VASCs are present in PC-3 but not LNCaP cells as determined by both protein and functional studies. Tetrodotoxin reduced the invasiveness of PC-3 but not LNCaP cells, and these data suggest that ion channels may play an important functional role in tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Laniado
- Department of Surgery, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Bergström P, Johnsson A, Cavallin-Ståhl E, Bergenheim T, Henriksson R. Effects of cisplatin and amphotericin B on DNA adduct formation and toxicity in malignant glioma and normal tissues in rat. Eur J Cancer 1997; 33:153-9. [PMID: 9071915 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(96)00339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to modify the cytotoxicity of cisplatin, amphotericin B (AmB) was given as pretreatment to BDIX rats with intracerebral BT4C glioma implants. Ten animals given AmB 5 mg/kg i.p. followed by cisplatin 5 mg/kg i.p. displayed massive haematuria within 24 h after treatment and died a few days later. The antitumoral effect could not, therefore, be evaluated. Histopathological examination of the kidneys showed extensive tubular necrosis. No signs of apoptotic cell death were found using in situ end labelling with biotin-labelled nucleotides or with DNA integrity analysis in agarose gel electrophoresis. An immunohistochemical method for analysis of cisplatin-DNA adducts was used to elucidate the distribution of cisplatin in brain tumour, normal brain and kidney. Addition of AmB to cisplatin caused increased adduct formation in kidneys, particularly in tubular cells. It seems plausible that the nephrotoxicity, at least in part, was mediated by increased levels of cisplatin-DNA adducts. Pretreatment with AmB did not have any obvious effect on the formation of adducts in the cerebral cortex. The adduct levels in the tumours from animals pretreated with AmB were not significantly increased compared with those treated with cisplatin only. Thus, addition of AmB to cisplatin caused excessive nephrotoxicity suggesting a decrease in the therapeutic ratio of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bergström
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
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Yin D, Kondo S, Barnett GH, Morimura T, Takeuchi J. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces p53-dependent apoptosis in rat glioma cells. Neurosurgery 1995; 37:758-62; discussion 762-3. [PMID: 8559306 DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199510000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibited the viability of rat glioma (C6) cells and induced apoptosis but did not affect the viability of rat newborn brain, mainly astroglial cells. The antitumor activity of TNF-alpha against C6 cells was partially inhibited by actinomycin D and cycloheximide, suggesting that it is possibly dependent upon new ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis. The results of immunoblotting assay demonstrated that TNF-alpha decreased the expression of mutant p53 protein but induced the expression of wild-type p53 in C6 cells during apoptosis. We suggest that TNF-alpha may activate the function of wild-type p53 protein by the suppression of mutant p53, at least indirectly, and induce p53-dependent apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Utano Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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41
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Yin D, Kondo S, Barnett GH, Morimura T, Takeuchi J. Tumor Necrosis Factor-?? Induces p53-dependent Apoptosis in Rat Glioma Cells. Neurosurgery 1995. [DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199510000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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