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Patel D, Murray IA, Dong F, Annalora AJ, Gowda K, Coslo DM, Krzeminski J, Koo I, Hao F, Amin SG, Marcus CB, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Induction of AHR Signaling in Response to the Indolimine Class of Microbial Stress Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:985. [PMID: 37755265 PMCID: PMC10535990 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in gastrointestinal barrier function, tumorigenesis, and is an emerging drug target. The resident microbiota is capable of metabolizing tryptophan to metabolites that are AHR ligands (e.g., indole-3-acetate). Recently, a novel set of mutagenic tryptophan metabolites named indolimines have been identified that are produced by M. morganii in the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we determined that indolimine-200, -214, and -248 are direct AHR ligands that can induce Cyp1a1 transcription and subsequent CYP1A1 enzymatic activity capable of metabolizing the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene in microsomal assays. In addition, indolimines enhance IL6 expression in a colonic tumor cell line in combination with cytokine treatment. The concentration of indolimine-248 that induces AHR transcriptional activity failed to increase DNA damage. These observations reveal an additional aspect of how indolimines may alter colonic tumorigenesis beyond mutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew J. Annalora
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Denise M. Coslo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jacek Krzeminski
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Craig B. Marcus
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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2
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Zhu X, Liu Q, Patterson AD, Sharma AK, Amin SG, Cohen SM, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Accumulation of Linoleic Acid by Altered Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Signaling Is Associated with Age-Dependent Hepatocarcinogenesis in Ppara Transgenic Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:936. [PMID: 37623879 PMCID: PMC10456914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term ligand activation of PPARα in mice causes hepatocarcinogenesis through a mechanism that requires functional PPARα. However, hepatocarcinogenesis is diminished in both Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice, yet both lines develop age-related liver cancer independently of treatment with a PPARα agonist. Since PPARα is a master regulator of liver lipid metabolism in the liver, lipidomic analyses were carried out in wild-type, Ppara-null, and PPARA-humanized mice treated with and without the potent agonist GW7647. The levels of hepatic linoleic acid in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice were markedly higher compared to wild-type controls, along with overall fatty liver. The number of liver CD4+ T cells was also lower in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice and was negatively correlated with the elevated linoleic acid. Moreover, more senescent hepatocytes and lower serum TNFα and IFNγ levels were observed in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice with age. These studies suggest a new role for PPARα in age-associated hepatocarcinogenesis due to altered lipid metabolism in Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice and the accumulation of linoleic acid as part of an overall fatty liver that is associated with loss of CD4+ T cells in the liver in both transgenic models. Since fatty liver is a known causal risk factor for liver cancer, Ppara-null and PPARA-humanized mice are valuable models for examining the mechanisms of PPARα and age-dependent hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (Q.L.); (A.D.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (Q.L.); (A.D.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (Q.L.); (A.D.P.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.K.S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Jeffrey M. Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA 16802, USA; (Q.L.); (A.D.P.); (J.M.P.)
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Kale VP, Hengst JA, Sharma AK, Golla U, Dovat S, Amin SG, Yun JK, Desai DH. Characterization of Anticancer Effects of the Analogs of DJ4, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK Kinases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1060. [PMID: 37630974 PMCID: PMC10458458 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK1 and ROCK2) and myotonic dystrophy-related Cdc-42 binding kinases (MRCKα and MRCKβ) are critical regulators of cell proliferation and cell plasticity, a process intimately involved in cancer cell migration and invasion. Previously, we reported the discovery of a novel small molecule (DJ4) selective multi-kinase inhibitor of ROCK1/2 and MRCKα/β. Herein, we further characterized the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of DJ4 in non-small cell lung cancer and triple-negative breast cancer cells. To further optimize the ROCK/MRCK inhibitory potency of DJ4, we generated a library of 27 analogs. Among the various structural modifications, we identified four additional active analogs with enhanced ROCK/MRCK inhibitory potency. The anti-proliferative and cell cycle inhibitory effects of the active analogs were examined in non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma cell lines. The anti-proliferative effectiveness of DJ4 and the active analogs was further demonstrated against a wide array of cancer cell types using the NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel. Lastly, these new analogs were tested for anti-migratory effects in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Together, our results demonstrate that selective inhibitors of ROCK1/2 (DJE4, DJ-Allyl) inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M but were less effective in cell death induction compared with dual ROCK1/2 and MRCKα/β (DJ4 and DJ110).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pralhad Kale
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Jeremy A. Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Arati K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Upendarrao Golla
- Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Jong K. Yun
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Dhimant H. Desai
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA (J.A.H.); (S.G.A.)
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Morgan EW, Dong F, Annalora AJ, Murray IA, Wolfe T, Erickson R, Gowda K, Amin SG, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM, Marcus CB, Walk ST, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Contribution of Circulating Host and Microbial Tryptophan Metabolites Toward Ah Receptor Activation. Int J Tryptophan Res 2023; 16:11786469231182510. [PMID: 37441265 PMCID: PMC10334013 DOI: 10.1177/11786469231182510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An important but poorly understood class of AHR activators are compounds derived from host and bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. The commensal bacteria of the gut microbiome are major producers of tryptophan metabolites known to activate the AHR, while the host also produces AHR activators through tryptophan metabolism. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling to determine the presence and metabolic source of these metabolites in the sera of conventional mice, germ-free mice, and humans. Surprisingly, sera concentrations of many tryptophan metabolites are comparable between germ-free and conventional mice. Therefore, many major AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites in mouse sera are produced by the host, despite their presence in feces and mouse cecal contents. Here we present an investigation of AHR activation using a complex mixture of tryptophan metabolites to examine the biological relevance of circulating tryptophan metabolites. AHR activation is rarely studied in the context of a mixture at relevant concentrations, as we present here. The AHR activation potentials of individual and pooled metabolites were explored using cell-based assays, while ligand binding competition assays and ligand docking simulations were used to assess the detected metabolites as AHR agonists. The physiological and biomedical relevance of the identified metabolites was investigated in the context of a cell-based model for rheumatoid arthritis. We present data that reframe AHR biology to include the presence of a mixture of ubiquitous tryptophan metabolites, improving our understanding of homeostatic AHR activity and models of AHR-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W Morgan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Andrew J Annalora
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Trenton Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Reece Erickson
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Kristina S Petersen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Craig B Marcus
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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5
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Dong F, Murray IA, Annalora A, Coslo D, Desai D, Gowda K, Yang J, Wang D, Koo I, Hao F, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Marcus C, Perdew GH. Complex chemical signals dictate Ah receptor activation through the gut-lung axis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23010. [PMID: 37272852 PMCID: PMC10264151 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300703r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates intestinal barrier homeostasis. Many AHR ligands are also CYP1A1/1B1 substrates, which can result in rapid clearance within the intestinal tract, limiting systemic exposure and subsequent AHR activation. This led us to the hypothesis that there are dietary substrates of CYP1A1/1B1 that functionally increase the half-life of potent AHR ligands. We examined the potential of urolithin A (UroA), a gut bacterial metabolite of ellagitannins, as a CYP1A1/1B1 substrate to enhance AHR activity in vivo. UroA is a competitive substrate for CYP1A1/1B1 in an in vitro competition assay. A broccoli-containing diet promotes the gastric formation of the potent hydrophobic AHR ligand and CYP1A1/1B1 substrate, 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ). In mice, dietary exposure to UroA in a 10% broccoli diet led to a coordinated increase in duodenal, cardiac, and pulmonary AHR activity, but no increase in activity in the liver. Thus, CYP1A1 dietary competitive substrates can lead to enhanced systemic AHR ligand distribution from the gut, likely through the lymphatic system, increasing AHR activation in key barrier tissues. Finally, this report will lead to a reassessment of the dynamics of distribution of other hydrophobic chemicals present in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew Annalora
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Denise Coslo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033 USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033 USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033 USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Craig Marcus
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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6
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Dong F, Murray IA, Annalora A, Coslo D, Desai D, Gowda K, Yang J, Wang D, Koo I, Hao F, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Marcus C, Perdew GH. Complex chemical signals dictate Ah receptor activation through the gut-lung axis. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.22.529529. [PMID: 36865156 PMCID: PMC9980078 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) mediates intestinal barrier homeostasis. Many AHR ligands are also CYP1A1/1B1 substrates, which can result in the rapid clearance within the intestinal tract, limiting AHR activation. This led us to the hypothesis that there are dietary substrates of CYP1A1/1B1 that increase the half-life of potent AHR ligands. We examined the potential of urolithin A (UroA) as a CYP1A1/1B1 substrate to enhance AHR activity in vivo. UroA is a competitive substrate for CYP1A1/1B1 in an in vitro competition assay. A broccoli-containing diet promotes the gastric formation of the potent hydrophobic AHR ligand and CYP1A1/1B1 substrate, 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ). Dietary exposure to UroA in a broccoli diet led to a coordinated increase in duodenal, cardiac, and pulmonary AHR activity, but no increase in activity in liver. Thus, CYP1A1 dietary competitive substrates can lead to intestinal "escape", likely through the lymphatic system, increasing AHR activation in key barrier tissues.
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7
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Rikken G, Smith KJ, van den Brink NJM, Smits JPH, Gowda K, Alnemri A, Kuzu GE, Murray IA, Lin JM, Smits JGA, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Amin SG, Perdew GH, van den Bogaard EH. Lead optimization of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands for treatment of inflammatory skin disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115400. [PMID: 36574884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) modulating agents gained attention in dermatology as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that improve skin barrier properties. By exploiting AHR's known ligand promiscuity, we generated novel AHR modulating agents by lead optimization of a selective AHR modulator (SAhRM; SGA360). Twenty-two newly synthesized compounds were screened yielding two novel derivatives, SGA360f and SGA388, in which agonist activity led to enhanced keratinocyte terminal differentiation. SGA388 showed the highest agonist activity with potent normalization of keratinocyte hyperproliferation, restored expression of skin barrier proteins and dampening of chemokine expression by keratinocytes upon Th2-mediated inflammation in vitro. The topical application of SGA360f and SGA388 reduced acute skin inflammation in vivo by reducing cyclooxygenase levels, resulting in less neutrophilic dermal infiltrates. The minimal induction of cytochrome P450 enzyme activity, lack of cellular toxicity and mutagenicity classifies SGA360f and SGA388 as novel potential therapeutic AHR ligands and illustrates the potential of medicinal chemistry to fine-tune AHR signaling for the development of targeted therapies in dermatology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kayla J Smith
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Noa J M van den Brink
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Angela Alnemri
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gulsum E Kuzu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Iain A Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jyh-Ming Lin
- Metabolomics Facility, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jos G A Smits
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gary H Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Morgan EW, Dong F, Annalora A, Murray IA, Wolfe T, Erickson R, Gowda K, Amin SG, Petersen KS, Kris-Etherton PM, Marcus C, Walk ST, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Contribution of circulating host and microbial tryptophan metabolites towards Ah receptor activation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.26.525691. [PMID: 36747842 PMCID: PMC9900944 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor that plays an integral role in homeostatic maintenance by regulating cellular functions such as cellular differentiation, metabolism, barrier function, and immune response. An important but poorly understood class of AHR activators are compounds derived from host and bacterial metabolism of tryptophan. The commensal bacteria of the gut microbiome are major producers of tryptophan metabolites known to activate the AHR, while the host also produces AHR activators through tryptophan metabolism. We used targeted mass spectrometry-based metabolite profiling to determine the presence and metabolic source of these metabolites in the sera of conventional mice, germ-free mice, and humans. Surprisingly, sera concentrations of many tryptophan metabolites are comparable between germ-free and conventional mice. Therefore, many major AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites in mouse sera are produced by the host, despite their presence in feces and mouse cecal contents. AHR activation is rarely studied in the context of a mixture at relevant concentrations, as we present here. The AHR activation potentials of individual and pooled metabolites were explored using cell-based assays, while ligand binding competition assays and ligand docking simulations were used to assess the detected metabolites as AHR agonists. The physiological and biomedical relevance of the identified metabolites was investigated in the context of cell-based models for cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. We present data here that reframe AHR biology to include the presence of ubiquitous tryptophan metabolites, improving our understanding of homeostatic AHR activity and models of AHR-linked diseases.
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9
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Zhou X, Chakraborty D, Murray IA, Coslo D, Kehs Z, Vijay A, Ton C, Desai D, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Coordinates Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cell Programming. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100012. [PMID: 37039146 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of mechanical, chemical, microbial, and immunologic pressure, intestinal homeostasis is maintained through balanced cellular turnover, proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Here, we present evidence supporting the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the adaptive reprogramming of small intestinal gene expression, leading to altered proliferation, lineage commitment, and remodeling of the cellular repertoire that comprises the intestinal epithelium to promote intestinal resilience. Ahr gene/protein expression and transcriptional activity exhibit marked proximalHI to distalLO and cryptHI to villiLO gradients. Genetic ablation of Ahr impairs commitment/differentiation of the secretory Paneth and goblet cell lineages and associated mucin production, restricts expression of secretory/enterocyte differentiation markers, and increases crypt-associated proliferation and villi-associated enterocyte luminal exfoliation. Ahr-/- mice display a decrease in intestinal barrier function. Ahr+/+ mice that maintain a diet devoid of AHR ligands intestinally phenocopy Ahr-/- mice. In contrast, Ahr+/+ mice exposed to AHR ligands reverse these phenotypes. Ligand-induced AHR transcriptional activity positively correlates with gene expression (Math1, Klf4, Tff3) associated with differentiation of the goblet cell secretory lineage. Math1 was identified as a direct target gene of AHR, a transcription factor critical to the development of goblet cells. These data suggest that dietary cues, relayed through the transcriptional activity of AHR, can reshape the cellular repertoire of the gastrointestinal tract.
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10
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Jiang J, Ma Y, Liu Y, Lu D, Gao X, Krausz KW, Desai D, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ, Xie C. Glycine-β-muricholic acid antagonizes the intestinal farnesoid X receptor-ceramide axis and ameliorates NASH in mice. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3363-3378. [PMID: 36196594 PMCID: PMC9701488 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a rapidly developing pathology around the world, with limited treatment options available. Some farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists have been applied in clinical trials for NASH, but side effects such as pruritus and low-density lipoprotein elevation have been reported. Intestinal FXR is recognized as a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Glycine-β-muricholic acid (Gly-MCA) is an intestine-specific FXR antagonist previously shown to have favorable metabolic effects on obesity and insulin resistance. Herein, we identify a role for Gly-MCA in the pathogenesis of NASH, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Gly-MCA improved lipid accumulation, inflammatory response, and collagen deposition in two different NASH models. Mechanistically, Gly-MCA decreased intestine-derived ceramides by suppressing ceramide synthesis-related genes via decreasing intestinal FXR signaling, leading to lower liver endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and proinflammatory cytokine production. The role of bile acid metabolism and adiposity was excluded in the suppression of NASH by Gly-MCA, and a correlation was found between intestine-derived ceramides and NASH severity. This study revealed that Gly-MCA, an intestine-specific FXR antagonist, has beneficial effects on NASH by reducing ceramide levels circulating to liver via lowering intestinal FXR signaling, and ceramide production, followed by decreased liver ER stress and NASH progression. Intestinal FXR is a promising drug target and Gly-MCA a novel agent for the prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina,State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yuandi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kristopher W. Krausz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and CarcinogenesisThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Cen Xie
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina,State Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Department of Pharmacology, College of MedicineThe Pennsylvania State UniversityHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
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11
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Al-Odat OS, Tripathi RS, Srivastava SK, Gowda K, Amin SG, Budak-Alpdogan T, Jonnalagadda SC, Pandey MK. Abstract 3952: A novel Mcl-1 inhibitor induces cells death in a caspase-dependent manner and increases the efficacies of Venetoclax and ABT-737 in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly malignancy of the blood, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells. MM is challenging to diagnose and treat, accounting for approximately 12% of hematologic malignancies. The overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, particularly Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1), play a significant role in the pathogenesis of MM. The overexpression of Mcl-1 is associated with acquired resistance and poor prognosis. Thus, inhibition of the Mcl-1 protein is an attractive therapeutic strategy against myeloma cells. We synthesized and developed a novel Mcl-1 inhibitor, KS18. The preclinical testing of this novel agent is investigated in MM cell lines. Through docking studies, we predicted that KS18 interacts with Mcl-1. KS18 down-regulates the expression of Mcl-1 in MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Suppression of Mcl-1 expression by KS18 correlated with activation of caspases, PARP- cleavage, and apoptosis. However, this molecule had no effect on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins. Importantly, KS18 markedly enhances the efficacies of Venetoclax and ABT-737 in MM cells. Our results propose that targeting Mcl-1 by KS18 may represent a new viable strategy for MM treatment.
Citation Format: Omar S. Al-Odat, Rahul S. Tripathi, Sandeep K. Srivastava, Krishne Gowda, Shantu G. Amin, Tulin Budak-Alpdogan, Subash C. Jonnalagadda, Manoj K. Pandey. A novel Mcl-1 inhibitor induces cells death in a caspase-dependent manner and increases the efficacies of Venetoclax and ABT-737 in multiple myeloma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3952.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krishne Gowda
- 4Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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12
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Tellez CS, Picchi MA, Juri D, Do K, Desai DH, Amin SG, Hutt JA, Filipczak PT, Belinsky SA. Chromatin remodeling by the histone methyltransferase EZH2 drives lung pre-malignancy and is a target for cancer prevention. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:44. [PMID: 33632299 PMCID: PMC7908796 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trimethylation of lysine 27 and dimethylation of lysine 9 of histone-H3 catalyzed by the histone methyltransferases EZH2 and G9a impede gene transcription in cancer. Our human bronchial epithelial (HBEC) pre-malignancy model studied the role of these histone modifications in transformation. Tobacco carcinogen transformed HBEC lines were characterized for cytosine DNA methylation, transcriptome reprogramming, and the effect of inhibiting EZH2 and G9a on the transformed phenotype. The effects of targeting EZH2 and G9a on lung cancer prevention was assessed in the A/J mouse lung tumor model. Results Carcinogen exposure induced transformation and DNA methylation of 12–96 genes in the four HBEC transformed (T) lines that was perpetuated in malignant tumors. In contrast, 506 unmethylated genes showed reduced expression in one or more HBECTs with many becoming methylated in tumors. ChIP-on-chip for HBEC2T identified 327 and 143 genes enriched for H3K27me3 and H3K9me2. Treatment of HBEC2T and HBEC13T with DZNep, a lysine methyltransferase inhibitor depleted EZH2, reversed transformation, and induced transcriptional reprogramming. The EZH2 small molecule inhibitor EPZ6438 also affected transformation and expression in HBEC2T, while a G9a inhibitor, UNC0642 was ineffective. Genetic knock down of EZH2 dramatically reduced carcinogen-induced transformation of HBEC2. Only DZNep treatment prevented progression of hyperplasia to adenomas in the NNK mouse lung tumor model through reducing EZH2 and affecting the expression of genes regulating cell growth and invasion. Conclusion These studies demonstrate a critical role for EZH2 catalyzed histone modifications for premalignancy and its potential as a target for chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Daniel Juri
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Hutt
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Piotr T Filipczak
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
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13
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Dong F, Hao F, Murray IA, Smith PB, Koo I, Tindall AM, Kris-Etherton PM, Gowda K, Amin SG, Patterson AD, Perdew GH. Intestinal microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites are predictive of Ah receptor activity. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-24. [PMID: 32783770 PMCID: PMC7524359 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1788899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Commensal microbiota-dependent tryptophan catabolism within the gastrointestinal tract is known to exert profound effects upon host physiology, including the maintenance of epithelial barrier and immune function. A number of abundant microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites exhibit activation potential for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Gene expression facilitated by AHR activation through the presence of dietary or microbiota-generated metabolites can influence gastrointestinal homeostasis and confer protection from intestinal challenges. Utilizing untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics profiling, combined with AHR activity screening assays, we identify four previously unrecognized tryptophan metabolites, present in mouse cecal contents and human stool, with the capacity to activate AHR. Using GC/MS and LC/MS platforms, quantification of these novel AHR activators, along with previously established AHR-activating tryptophan metabolites, was achieved, providing a relative order of abundance. Using physiologically relevant concentrations and quantitative gene expression analyses, the relative efficacy of these tryptophan metabolites with regard to mouse or human AHR activation potential is examined. These data reveal indole, 2-oxindole, indole-3-acetic acid and kynurenic acid as the dominant AHR activators in mouse cecal contents and human stool from participants on a controlled diet. Here we provide the first documentation of the relative abundance and AHR activation potential of a panel of microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites. Furthermore, these data reveal the human AHR to be more sensitive, at physiologically relevant concentrations, to tryptophan metabolite activation than mouse AHR. Additionally, correlation analyses indicate a relationship linking major tryptophan metabolite abundance with AHR activity, suggesting these cecal/fecal metabolites represent biomarkers of intestinal AHR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcong Dong
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Fuhua Hao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip B. Smith
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Imhoi Koo
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa M. Tindall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Penny M. Kris-Etherton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA,CONTACT Gary H. Perdew Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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14
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Desai DH, Gowda R, Gowda K, Dinavahi SS, Robertson GP, Amin SG. Abstract 2806: Inhibition of melanoma development by Isatin analogs. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite major breakthroughs in melanoma drug development, there remains a need for new drugs and novel approaches. Of the three forms of skin cancer, malignant melanoma has the most significant impact on human health carrying the highest risk of mortality from metastasis. An estimated 87,110 new cases of invasive melanoma will be diagnosed and 9,730 people will die of melanoma in the USA in 2017. Melanoma accounts for less than one percent of skin cancer cases, but the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. The vast majority of melanomas are caused by the sun. In fact, one UK study found that about 86 percent of melanomas can be attributed to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The estimated 5-year survival rate for patients whose melanoma is detected early is about 98 percent in the USA, whereas, the survival rate falls to 62 percent when the disease reaches the lymph nodes, and 18 percent when the disease metastasizes to distant organs. Thus, novel effective therapies are urgently needed to treat this disease.
The Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is found as an endogenous molecule in humans and other mammals and its analogs display diverse types of biological activities including anti-cancer activities. Earlier our group synthesized a novel series of 5,7-dibromoisatin analogs. Various melanoma cells were treated with several Isatin derivatives having functional groups like selenocyanate, thiocyanates, thiourea, and selenourea for 72 hours and the cell survival was estimated by MTS assay. Agents were treated with melanoma cell lines UACC 903, 1205 Lu or normal fibroblast cell line FF2441. Treatment with KS99, a thiocyanate analog and KS101, a selenourea analog of 5,7-dibromoisatin effectively killed melanoma cells after 72 h treatment. Overall, IC50 values of Isatin derivatives on melanoma cell lines were 3.0-5.7μM and 2.1-5.7μM, respectively. IC50 value on normal fibroblast cells with these Isatin derivatives was 5.4-20.7μM. KS101 was toxic to the xenograft mice at 1mg/kg body weight, animals developed vein inflammatic symptoms after 20 days of treatment. However, liposomal formulation of KS101 was safe up to 30mg/kg body weight in 1205 xenografted nude mice when treated alternate days by tail vein injection. The melanoma tumor burden was reduced by 47%. We will discuss structural activity relationship (SAR) of Isatin derivatives, and its in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects against melanoma.
Citation Format: Dhimant H. Desai, Raghvendra Gowda, Krishne Gowda, Saketh S. Dinavahi, Gavin P. Robertson, Shantu G. Amin. Inhibition of melanoma development by Isatin analogs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2806.
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15
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Wu W, Karelia D, Pramanik K, Amin SG, Sharma AK, Jiang C, Lu J. Phenylbutyl isoselenocyanate induces reactive oxygen species to inhibit androgen receptor and to initiate p53-mediated apoptosis in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1055-1066. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Deepkamal Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Kartick Pramanik
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
- Penn State Cancer Institute; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
- Penn State Cancer Institute; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
- Penn State Cancer Institute; Pennsylvania State College of Medicine; Hershey Pennsylvania
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16
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Smith KJ, Boyer JA, Muku GE, Murray IA, Gowda K, Desai D, Amin SG, Glick AB, Perdew GH. Editor's Highlight: Ah Receptor Activation Potentiates Neutrophil Chemoattractant (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 5 Expression in Keratinocytes and Skin. Toxicol Sci 2017; 160:83-94. [PMID: 28973351 PMCID: PMC5837612 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are components of the skin microenvironment, which enable immune cell chemotaxis. Traditionally, transcription factors involved in inflammatory signaling (eg, NFκB) are important mediators of chemokine expression. To what extent xenobiotics and their associated receptors control chemokine expression is poorly understood. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor known to mediate physiological responses in the skin through the regulation of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, epidermal differentiation, and immunity. Here, we demonstrate that AHR activation within primary mouse keratinocytes regulates the expression of a neutrophil directing chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (Cxcl5). AHR-mediated regulation of Cxcl5 is because of direct transcriptional activity upon treatment with AHR agonists such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Additionally, AHR mediates enhanced induction of Cxcl5 upon exposure to an agonist and the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta. This synergy is confined primarily to keratinocytes, as dermal fibroblasts did not achieve the same level of combinatorial induction. AHR-specific antagonists were able to reduce basal and induced levels of Cxcl5, demonstrating the potential for pharmacological intervention. Exposure of C57BL/6 J mice to ultraviolet (UV) light followed by topical treatment with the AHR agonist formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) significantly induced Cxcl5 expression in skin compared with UV alone, and this response was absent in Ahr-/- mice. These results establish AHR as an important mediator of Cxcl5, with implications for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Smith
- The Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Jacob A. Boyer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gulsum E. Muku
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Iain A. Murray
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Adam B. Glick
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Gary H. Perdew
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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17
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Desai DH, Cruz L, Streck NT, Desai TD, Lukacher A, Amin SG, Buchkovich NJ. Abstract 1126: Potent inhibition of HCMV by modulating the cellular SNARE syntaxin 5. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), also referred to as human herpesvirus-5 (HHV-5), can cause serious and even fatal disease in immunocompromised individuals and newborns, namely individuals with AIDS, solid organ transplant recipients, chemotherapy patients and recipients of bone marrow and stem cell transplants. HCMV is a ubiquitous virus found throughout all geographic regions and socioeconomic groups, infecting greater than 50% of adults in industrialized countries and as many as 100% in developing countries. Although current therapeutics improves clinical outcomes, they are limited by toxicity, intravenous infusion and the development of resistance by the virus. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutics to prevent HCMV infections with concomitant organ toxicity. Formation of the cytoplasmic viral assembly compartment (cVAC) is an important step for efficient HCMV assembly. To do this, the virus must alter and repurpose the normal cellular balance of membrane and protein flux, a process that is not well understood. We have identified a compound Retro94, which potently inhibits production of infectious HCMV virions in cells by operating against a host cell process, rather than directly targeting the virus. The presence of Retro94 results in the severely impaired production of infectious virions, as great as 5 logs (99-99.99%). Here we discuss in vitro, in vivo, stability, and binding study of Retro94. Overall, our findings have identified Retro94, as novel agent that affects key cellular trafficking factors important for supporting HCMV infection.
Citation Format: Dhimant H. Desai, Linda Cruz, Nicholas T. Streck, Trisha D. Desai, Aron Lukacher, Shantu G. Amin, Nicholas J. Buchkovich. Potent inhibition of HCMV by modulating the cellular SNARE syntaxin 5 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1126. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1126
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda Cruz
- 1Penn State Univ. College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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18
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Morad SAF, Davis TS, MacDougall MR, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Desai DH, Amin SG, Kester M, Loughran TP, Cabot MC. Role of P-glycoprotein inhibitors in ceramide-based therapeutics for treatment of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 130:21-33. [PMID: 28189725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer properties of ceramide, a sphingolipid with potent tumor-suppressor properties, can be dampened via glycosylation, notably in multidrug resistance wherein ceramide glycosylation is characteristically elevated. Earlier works using the ceramide analog, C6-ceramide, demonstrated that the antiestrogen tamoxifen, a first generation P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, blocked C6-ceramide glycosylation and magnified apoptotic responses. The present investigation was undertaken with the goal of discovering non-anti-estrogenic alternatives to tamoxifen that could be employed as adjuvants for improving the efficacy of ceramide-centric therapeutics in treatment of cancer. Herein we demonstrate that the tamoxifen metabolites, desmethyltamoxifen and didesmethyltamoxifen, and specific, high-affinity P-gp inhibitors, tariquidar and zosuquidar, synergistically enhanced C6-ceramide cytotoxicity in multidrug resistant HL-60/VCR acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells, whereas the selective estrogen receptor antagonist, fulvestrant, was ineffective. Active C6-ceramide-adjuvant combinations elicited mitochondrial ROS production and cytochrome c release, and induced apoptosis. Cytotoxicity was mitigated by introduction of antioxidant. Effective adjuvants markedly inhibited C6-ceramide glycosylation as well as conversion to sphingomyelin. Active regimens were also effective in KG-1a cells, a leukemia stem cell-like line, and in LoVo human colorectal cancer cells, a solid tumor model. In summary, our work details discovery of the link between P-gp inhibitors and the regulation and potentiation of ceramide metabolism in a pro-apoptotic direction in cancer cells. Given the active properties of these adjuvants in synergizing with C6-ceramide, independent of drug resistance status, stemness, or cancer type, our results suggest that the C6-ceramide-containing regimens could provide alternative, promising therapeutic direction, in addition to finding novel, off-label applications for P-gp inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy A F Morad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Traci S Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Matthew R MacDougall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - David J Feith
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University Drive, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University Drive, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Mark Kester
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Greenville, NC, United States.
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19
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Cruz L, Streck NT, Ferguson K, Desai T, Desai DH, Amin SG, Buchkovich NJ. Potent Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus by Modulation of Cellular SNARE Syntaxin 5. J Virol 2017; 91:e01637-16. [PMID: 27795424 PMCID: PMC5165218 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01637-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of the cytoplasmic viral assembly compartment (cVAC) is an important step for efficient human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) assembly. To do this, the virus must alter and repurpose the normal cellular balance of membrane and protein flux, a process that is not well understood. Although a recent screen identified three viral proteins essential for cVAC formation, less is known about the contribution of cellular factors. We show that HCMV infection increases the protein level of a cellular trafficking factor, syntaxin 5 (STX5), a member of the syntaxin family of SNARE proteins. STX5 is recruited to the cVAC in infected cells and is required for the efficient production of infectious virions. We find that STX5 is important for normal cVAC morphology and the proper localization of viral proteins. A previously identified inhibitor of trafficking, Retro94, causes the mislocalization of STX5, an altered cVAC morphology, and dispersal of viral proteins. The presence of Retro94 results in severely impaired production of infectious virions, with a decrease as great as 5 logs. We show that this inhibition is conserved among different strains of HCMV and the various cell types that support infection, as well as for murine CMV. Thus, our data identify a key cellular trafficking factor important for supporting HCMV infection. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe disease and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, including organ transplant and AIDS patients. In addition, infection of a developing fetus may result in lifelong complications such as deafness and learning disabilities. Understanding in detail the processes involved in HCMV replication is important for developing novel treatments. One of these essential processes, assembly of infectious virions, takes places in the cytoplasmic viral assembly compartment. We identify a cellular protein, syntaxin 5, important for generating this compartment, and show that it is required for the efficient production of infectious virions. We also show that a small molecule that disrupts this protein also significantly reduces the amount of infectious virions that are generated. Thus, by pinpointing a cellular protein that is important in the replication cycle of HCMV, we identified a novel target that can be pursued for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas T Streck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trisha Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas J Buchkovich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Pandey MK, Krzeminski J, Karelia D, Sharma AK, Amin SG. Abstract 4732: A novel analog of Leonurine inhibits melanoma growth and survival through STAT3 signaling pathways. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a major alkaloid of Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Leonurine, displays a variety of biological effects including inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, kidney fibrosis, and osteoporosis. However, the full potential of this alkaloid as a cancer therapeutics has not been explored, primarily due to the lack of potency. A limited reports however, do suggest that Leonurine induces apoptosis in lung and liver cancer cells. We hypothesized that this natural product's structure can be optimized to create a more potent and drug-like molecule. A recent structure-activity relationship (SAR) study in our laboratory based on Leonurine structure has led to the identification of three novel analogs which were >100 times potent than Leonurine in killing solid cancer cells. The aim of the current study is to determine whether the novel analogs of Leonurine exhibit anti-proliferative effects against tumor cells through suppression of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation pathway. We investigated the effects of Leonurine analogs on constitutive STAT3 activation, modulation of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in STAT3 activation, STAT3-regulated gene products, and growth modulation of tumor cells. We found that these compounds inhibited constitutive STAT3 activation in metastatic melanoma cells. The suppression was mediated through the inhibition of activation of the upstream kinases Janus-like kinase (JAK) 1, and JAK2. Leonurine derivatives down-regulated the expression of STAT3-regulated gene products such as survivin, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and Mcl-1 leading to the suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, we found that these Leonurine analogs significantly inhibited the proliferation of variety of cells derived from solid tumors including breast, pancreatic, prostate, and colon cancer. Overall, these results suggest that these new compounds are novel blockers of STAT3 activation and thus may have potential to suppress melanoma cell proliferation and chemoresistance.
Citation Format: Manoj K. Pandey, Jacek Krzeminski, Deepkamal Karelia, Arun K. Sharma, Shantu G. Amin. A novel analog of Leonurine inhibits melanoma growth and survival through STAT3 signaling pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4732.
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Desai DH, Kale VP, Hengst JA, Dick TE, Colledge AL, Amin SG, Yun JK. Abstract 4805: In vitro characterization of novel inhibitors of ROCK and MRCK kinases as anticancer agents. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Metastatic cancers are the second leading cause of deaths in the USA. RhoA and Cdc42 play critical roles in the regulation of plasticity of cancer cell migration/invasion and cell proliferation. ROCK1/2 and MRCKá/â are downstream kinases in the signaling pathways associated with cancer cell migration and invasion. Hence, we hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of these two kinase families would be an effective therapeutic strategy to block migration, invasion, and growth of metastatic cancers. We have identified DJ4 as a novel inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK kinases. In the cellular functional assays, DJ4 treatment significantly blocked stress fiber formation, and inhibited migration and invasion of multiple cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. To study the critical functional groups required for its activity, we have modified the chemical structure of DJ4 at various functional groups and synthesized several analogs of DJ4 to perform the structural activity relationship (SAR) study for their ROCK1 inhibition. The effectiveness of these compounds were further investigated using National Cancer Institute's drug screening program in 60 human cancer cell lines representing nine different cancer types. These compounds effectively inhibit migration and invasion of multiple cancer cell types. Selected analogs were tested for their anti migration, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer cells. Our studies strongly indicate that DJ4 and its analog, DJ110, are potent inhibitors of ROCK1, ROCK2, MERKá and MRCKâ. The results of our finding will be discussed.
Citation Format: Dhimant H. Desai, Vijay P. Kale, Jeremy A. Hengst, Taryn E. Dick, Ashley L. Colledge, Shantu G. Amin, Jong K. Yun. In vitro characterization of novel inhibitors of ROCK and MRCK kinases as anticancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4805.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Taryn E. Dick
- 1Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | | | | | - Jong K. Yun
- 1Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Pandey MK, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Deb L, Huang J, Karelia DN, Amin SG, Aggarwal BB. Targeting Cell Survival Proteins for Cancer Cell Death. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:11. [PMID: 26927133 PMCID: PMC4812375 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010011; 10.3390/biomedicines5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Escaping from cell death is one of the adaptations that enable cancer cells to stave off anticancer therapies. The key players in avoiding apoptosis are collectively known as survival proteins. Survival proteins comprise the Bcl-2, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), and heat shock protein (HSP) families. The aberrant expression of these proteins is associated with a range of biological activities that promote cancer cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to therapy. Several therapeutic strategies that target survival proteins are based on mimicking BH3 domains or the IAP-binding motif or competing with ATP for the Hsp90 ATP-binding pocket. Alternative strategies, including use of nutraceuticals, transcriptional repression, and antisense oligonucleotides, provide options to target survival proteins. This review focuses on the role of survival proteins in chemoresistance and current therapeutic strategies in preclinical or clinical trials that target survival protein signaling pathways. Recent approaches to target survival proteins-including nutraceuticals, small-molecule inhibitors, peptides, and Bcl-2-specific mimetic are explored. Therapeutic inventions targeting survival proteins are promising strategies to inhibit cancer cell survival and chemoresistance. However, complete eradication of resistance is a distant dream. For a successful clinical outcome, pretreatment with novel survival protein inhibitors alone or in combination with conventional therapies holds great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lokesh Deb
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Deepkamal N Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Bharat B Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Cytokine Research Laboratory, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Jiang C, Xie C, Lv Y, Li J, Krausz KW, Shi J, Brocker CN, Desai D, Amin SG, Bisson WH, Liu Y, Gavrilova O, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ. Intestine-selective farnesoid X receptor inhibition improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10166. [PMID: 26670557 PMCID: PMC4682112 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulates bile acid, lipid and glucose metabolism. Here we show that treatment of mice with glycine-β-muricholic acid (Gly-MCA) inhibits FXR signalling exclusively in intestine, and improves metabolic parameters in mouse models of obesity. Gly-MCA is a selective high-affinity FXR inhibitor that can be administered orally and prevents, or reverses, high-fat diet-induced and genetic obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice. The high-affinity FXR agonist GW4064 blocks Gly-MCA action in the gut, and intestine-specific Fxr-null mice are unresponsive to the beneficial effects of Gly-MCA. Mechanistically, the metabolic improvements with Gly-MCA depend on reduced biosynthesis of intestinal-derived ceramides, which directly compromise beige fat thermogenic function. Consequently, ceramide treatment reverses the action of Gly-MCA in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. We further show that FXR signalling in ileum biopsies of humans positively correlates with body mass index. These data suggest that Gly-MCA may be a candidate for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is activated by bile acids and influences energy metabolism. Here, the authors report a small molecule inhibitor of FXR, glycine-ß-muricholic acid, which inhibits FXR in the intestine and improves metabolic homeostasis by repressing intestinal ceramide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jingmin Shi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - William H Bisson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and the Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Song C, Gowda C, Pan X, Ding Y, Tong Y, Tan BH, Wang H, Muthusami S, Ge Z, Sachdev M, Amin SG, Desai D, Gowda K, Gowda R, Robertson GP, Schjerven H, Muschen M, Payne KJ, Dovat S. Targeting casein kinase II restores Ikaros tumor suppressor activity and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in high-risk leukemia. Blood 2015; 126:1813-22. [PMID: 26219304 PMCID: PMC4600018 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-06-651505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros (IKZF1) is a tumor suppressor that binds DNA and regulates expression of its target genes. The mechanism of Ikaros activity as a tumor suppressor and the regulation of Ikaros function in leukemia are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Ikaros controls cellular proliferation by repressing expression of genes that promote cell cycle progression and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway. We show that Ikaros function is impaired by the pro-oncogenic casein kinase II (CK2), and that CK2 is overexpressed in leukemia. CK2 inhibition restores Ikaros function as transcriptional repressor of cell cycle and PI3K pathway genes, resulting in an antileukemia effect. In high-risk leukemia where one IKZF1 allele has been deleted, CK2 inhibition restores the transcriptional repressor function of the remaining wild-type IKZF1 allele. CK2 inhibition demonstrated a potent therapeutic effect in a panel of patient-derived primary high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts as indicated by prolonged survival and a reduction of leukemia burden. We demonstrate the efficacy of a novel therapeutic approach for high-risk leukemia: restoration of Ikaros tumor suppressor activity via inhibition of CK2. These results provide a rationale for the use of CK2 inhibitors in clinical trials for high-risk leukemia, including cases with deletion of one IKZF1 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Xiaokang Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Bi-Hua Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Sunil Muthusami
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mansi Sachdev
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and
| | - Kimberly J Payne
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Pandey MK, Mukherjee JJ, Desai DH, Amin SG, Kumar S. Abstract 2734: Ethanol potentiates tobacco smoke carcinogens-induced MAPK activation. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Alcohol consumption along with smoking is a well-known health hazard to human. How alcohol consumption potentiates the smoking mediated hazard is not clear. Previously we reported that DNA damage caused by tobacco smoke carcinogen (+/-) anti-benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-diol-9,10-epoxide [BPDE] is responded by cells through induction of cell growth inhibition in different cell lines. Here we observed that ethanol (EtOH) treatment at physiologically relevant concentration (60mM) increases the DNA synthesis in DNA damaging carcinogen (BPDE) treated cells. BPDE treatment of cells elicits G1-S cell cycle arrest, but EtOH does not have any significant modulating effect of G1-S arrest, indicating increased DNA synthesis by EtOH is due to modulation of some other signaling event(s). We observed that EtOH co-treatment/ pretreatment potentiates BPDE induced phosphorylation and activation of extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Interestingly, treatment of cells with MEK1 inhibitor (PD09059) significantly reduced EtOH's ability to increase DNA synthesis in BPDE treated cells. All together, these findings suggest that the ability of EtOH to potentiate BPDE-induced ERK activation may potentiates PAH-induced tumorigenesis. [Supported by NIH grant # R03 ES021779].
Citation Format: Manoj K. Pandey, Jagat J. Mukherjee, Dhimant H. Desai, Shantu G. Amin, Subodh Kumar. Ethanol potentiates tobacco smoke carcinogens-induced MAPK activation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2734. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2734
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Muthusami S, Pan X, Desai D, Amin SG, Payne KJ, Dovat S. Abstract 2159: Ikaros and Casein kinase II (CK2) regulate PI3K pathway in pediatric leukemia. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ikaros (IKZF1) is a tumor suppressor whose function is impaired in high-risk pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). IKZF1 encodes a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that regulates expression of genes involved in important biological pathways. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-SEQ) we found that Ikaros binds to the upstream regulatory regions of multiple genes that regulate the phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) pathway. Ikaros target genes include PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE. We used gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to determine how Ikaros regulates transcription of its target genes. Overexpression of Ikaros by retroviral transduction in Nalm6 leukemia cells results in reduced transcription of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE as evidenced by qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assays with PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE promoters showed that Ikaros can function as a transcriptional repressor of these genes. Transfection of Nalm6 cells with Ikaros shRNA resulted in increased expression of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. These results suggest that Ikaros functions as a transcriptional repressor of PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes in leukemia. Next, we studied signaling pathways that regulate the ability of Ikaros to transcriptionally repress the PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. We have previously shown that a pro-oncogenic Casein Kinase II (CK2) can directly phosphorylate Ikaros in vivo and that CK2-mediated phosphorylation impairs Ikaros function. We tested whether inhibition of CK2 activity affects Ikaros ability to regulate PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE transcription in leukemia. Results show that molecular and pharmacological inhibition of CK2 have a very similar effect on transcription of Ikaros target genes and they result in transcriptional repression of both PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. Treatment of leukemia cell lines, as well as primary B-ALL cells, with different CK2 inhibitors resulted in enhanced Ikaros binding to its target genes, as evidenced by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP). In summary, the presented data provide evidence that Ikaros and CK2 regulate the PI3K pathway via transcriptional regulation of the PIK3C2B and PI3KFYVE genes. Our results demonstrate that CK2 inhibition enhances Ikaros activity as a transcriptional repressor of genes that promote the PI3K pathway in primary B-ALL cells, and identify CK2 inhibitors as candidate drugs to therapeutically restore Ikaros function in B-ALL.
Supported by the National Institutes of Health R01 HL095120, and the Four Diamonds Fund Endowment.
Citation Format: Chandrika Gowda, Chunhua Song, Yali Ding, Sunil Muthusami, Xiaokang Pan, Dhimant Desai, Shantu G. Amin, Kimberly J. Payne, Sinisa Dovat. Ikaros and Casein kinase II (CK2) regulate PI3K pathway in pediatric leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2159. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2159
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunhua Song
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Yali Ding
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | | | - Xiaokang Pan
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Shantu G. Amin
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | | | - Sinisa Dovat
- 1Penn State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
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Pandey MK, Karelia D, Kale VP, Gowda K, Sharma AK, Neves RI, Amin SG. Abstract 4467: Targeting of chemokine receptor CXCR4 inhibits invasion and sensitizes melanoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-4467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is highly metastatic and resistant to conventional therapies. Although numerous clinical approaches for treating melanoma have been adopted, none led to a remarkable therapeutic effect. Recently new drugs have been developed for treatment of metastatic melanoma, and hold great promise; however complete effects are still distant dream because of resistance. We have learnt that the most aggressive melanomas are generally resistant to strategies which target one signaling pathway. Thus an agent targeting multiple signaling pathways would maximize therapeutic outcome. We have identified one such agent named as gambogic acid (GA) that is natural and derived from medicinal plant Garcinia hanburyi (also called mangosteen or kokum). Moreover this agent has a potential to target several pathways responsible for survival and chemoresistance of several cancers including melanoma. Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has been associated with inferior survival, poor prognosis, chemoresistance and metastasis of malignant melanoma. We, therefore, investigated whether GA could inhibit CXCR4 signaling and suppress invasion of malignant melanoma cells. Through docking studies we predicted that GA directly interacts with CXCR4. This xanthone down-regulates the expression of CXCR4 on melanoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Suppression of CXCR4 expression by GA correlated with both inhibition of SDF-1α-induced invasion of melanoma cells. GA also inhibited expression of MMP-9, VEGF, c-Myc and phosphorylation of Erk1/2 in melanoma cells. Importantly, GA markedly enhances the efficacy of PLX-4032 and dacarbazine against melanoma cells.
Citation Format: Manoj K. Pandey, Deepkamal Karelia, Vijay P. Kale, Krishne Gowda, Arun K. Sharma, Rogerio I. Neves, Shantu G. Amin. Targeting of chemokine receptor CXCR4 inhibits invasion and sensitizes melanoma cells to chemotherapeutic agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4467. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4467
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vijay P. Kale
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Krishne Gowda
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Leng S, Wu G, Collins LB, Thomas CL, Tellez CS, Jauregui AR, Picchi MA, Zhang X, Juri DE, Desai D, Amin SG, Crowell RE, Stidley CA, Liu Y, Swenberg JA, Lin Y, Wathelet MG, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA. Implication of a Chromosome 15q15.2 Locus in Regulating UBR1 and Predisposing Smokers to MGMT Methylation in Lung. Cancer Res 2015; 75:3108-17. [PMID: 26183928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme that protects cells from carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents; however, MGMT is silenced by promoter hypermethylation during carcinogenesis. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in an enhancer in the MGMT promoter was previously identified to be highly significantly associated with risk for MGMT methylation in lung cancer and sputum from smokers. To further genetic investigations, a genome-wide association and replication study was conducted in two smoker cohorts to identify novel loci for MGMT methylation in sputum that were independent of the MGMT enhancer polymorphism. Two novel trans-acting loci (15q15.2 and 17q24.3) that were identified acted together with the enhancer SNP to empower risk prediction for MGMT methylation. We found that the predisposition to MGMT methylation arising from the 15q15.2 locus involved regulation of the ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component UBR1. UBR1 attenuation reduced turnover of MGMT protein and increased repair of O6-methylguanine in nitrosomethylurea-treated human bronchial epithelial cells, while also reducing MGMT promoter activity and abolishing MGMT induction. Overall, our results substantiate reduced gene transcription as a major mechanism for predisposition to MGMT methylation in the lungs of smokers, and support the importance of UBR1 in regulating MGMT homeostasis and DNA repair of alkylated DNA adducts in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Leng
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Leonard B Collins
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Cynthia L Thomas
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carmen S Tellez
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Andrew R Jauregui
- Lung Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Xiequn Zhang
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Daniel E Juri
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard E Crowell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Christine A Stidley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Yushi Liu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - James A Swenberg
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yong Lin
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Marc G Wathelet
- Lung Fibrosis Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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Kale VP, Amin SG, Pandey MK. Targeting ion channels for cancer therapy by repurposing the approved drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta 2015; 1848:2747-55. [PMID: 25843679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels have been shown to be involved in oncogenesis and efforts are being poured in to target the ion channels. There are many clinically approved drugs with ion channels as "off" targets. The question is, can these drugs be repurposed to inhibit ion channels for cancer treatment? Repurposing of drugs will not only save investors' money but also result in safer drugs for cancer patients. Advanced bioinformatics techniques and availability of a plethora of open access data on FDA approved drugs for various indications and omics data of large number of cancer types give a ray of hope to look for possibility of repurposing those drugs for cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pralhad Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Mohinta S, Kannan AK, Gowda K, Amin SG, Perdew GH, August A. Differential regulation of Th17 and T regulatory cell differentiation by aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent xenobiotic response element dependent and independent pathways. Toxicol Sci 2015; 145:233-43. [PMID: 25716673 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is regarded as an environmental sensor and has been shown to link environmental stresses with chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The AHR can be activated to regulate both the X/DRE (xenobiotic or dioxin response elements) as well as a non-X/DRE mediated pathway. Selective AHR modulators (SAhRMs) are recently identified compounds that activate non-X/DRE mediated pathway without activating the X/DRE-driven responses. Here, we have used 3 classes of AHR ligands; agonist, antagonist, and a SAhRM, to delineate the role of these AHR-driven pathways in T helper 17 (Th17)/T regulatory (Treg) regulation. We show that Th17 differentiation is primarily dependent on X/DRE-driven responses, whereas Treg differentiation can be suppressed by inhibiting non-X/DRE pathway. Using a model of Citrobacter rodentium infection, we further show that AHR agonist enhances Th17 production and promoted resolution of infection, whereas a SAhRM inhibited Th17 mediated responses with reduced resolution of infection. These data indicate that Th17/Treg function may be differentially regulated by SAhRMs that differentially activate the X/DRE and non-X/DRE mediated pathways, and point to a therapeutic strategy to leverage AHR function in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mohinta
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Arun K Kannan
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Krishne Gowda
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Shantu G Amin
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Gary H Perdew
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
| | - Avery August
- *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and Center for Molecular Toxicology, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801
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Jiang C, Xie C, Li F, Zhang L, Nichols RG, Krausz KW, Cai J, Qi Y, Fang ZZ, Takahashi S, Tanaka N, Desai D, Amin SG, Albert I, Patterson AD, Gonzalez FJ. Intestinal farnesoid X receptor signaling promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Clin Invest 2014; 125:386-402. [PMID: 25500885 DOI: 10.1172/jci76738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major worldwide health problem. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiota influences NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, a murine model of high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) NAFLD was used, and the effects of alterations in the gut microbiota on NAFLD were determined. Mice treated with antibiotics or tempol exhibited altered bile acid composition, with a notable increase in conjugated bile acid metabolites that inhibited intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling. Compared with control mice, animals with intestine-specific Fxr disruption had reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation in response to a HFD. The decrease in hepatic triglyceride accumulation was mainly due to fewer circulating ceramides, which was in part the result of lower expression of ceramide synthesis genes. The reduction of ceramide levels in the ileum and serum in tempol- or antibiotic-treated mice fed a HFD resulted in downregulation of hepatic SREBP1C and decreased de novo lipogenesis. Administration of C16:0 ceramide to antibiotic-treated mice fed a HFD reversed hepatic steatosis. These studies demonstrate that inhibition of an intestinal FXR/ceramide axis mediates gut microbiota-associated NAFLD development, linking the microbiome, nuclear receptor signaling, and NAFLD. This work suggests that inhibition of intestinal FXR is a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment.
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Fang ZZ, Krausz KW, Nagaoka K, Tanaka N, Gowda K, Amin SG, Perdew GH, Gonzalez FJ. In vivo effects of the pure aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist GNF-351 after oral administration are limited to the gastrointestinal tract. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:1735-46. [PMID: 24417285 PMCID: PMC3966752 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose GNF-351 is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) antagonist that inhibits dioxin response element-dependent and independent activities. Here, the absorption, metabolism and in vivo AHR antagonist activity of GNF-351 were investigated. Experimental Approach LC-MS metabolomics was used to analyse GNF-351 metabolism in vitro and in vivo. Recombinant drug-metabolizing enzymes were employed to determine the enzymes involved in GNF-351 metabolism. Analysis of target AHR genes was performed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GNF-351 towards AHR activation. Key Results Several phase I metabolites were generated after GNF-351 was incubated with microsomes from human or mouse liver and intestine, including two oxidized GNF-351 and one tri-demethylated GNF-351. Poor absorption from the intestine resulted in no detectable levels of GNF-351 in mouse serum (0–6 h) and urine (24 h) and almost all GNF-351 was found in the faeces after 24 h. Analysis of faeces further revealed all the in vitro phase I metabolites. Novel metabolites were detected, including one di-oxidized GNF-351, two oxidized and tri-demethylated GNF-351, one dehydrogenated product of oxidized GNF-351, and one sulfation product of di-oxidized GNF-351. Cytochromes P450 were demonstrated to be the major enzymes involved in metabolism of GNF-351. After oral administration to mice, GNF-351 readily inhibited β-naphthoflavone-induced AHR activation in ileum and colon, but not that in the liver. Conclusion and Implications While poor absorption and extensive metabolism after oral administration limited the in vivo effects of the pure AHR antagonist GNF-351 in liver, it could be used to inhibit AHR activation in intestine and colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Sachdev M, Desai D, Muthusami S, Gowda C, Song C, Amin SG, Dovat S. Abstract 5539: Therapeutic efficacy of novel selenium-containing HDACi in acute leukemia. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite tremendous advances in treatment of leukemia that have resulted in increased survival of patients with this disease, therapy for high-risk and relapsed leukemia remains a clinical challenge. This necessitates the development of novel, more potent therapeutic modalities. Epigenetic therapy with various types of inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACi), have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in a range of malignancies, often with minimal side effects. Dr. Shantu Amin's group recently reported the development of a potent, novel, selenium-containing HDAC inhibitor (SelSA-1), which showed efficacy against Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, as well as against lung cancer and melanoma cell lines. Here we expand efficacy studies of selenium-containing HDAC inhibitors to include a broad range of hematopoietic malignancies and begin to address the drug effects on cellular functions. We tested the therapeutic efficacy of two novel HDAC inhibitors - SelSa-1 and SelSa-2 on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia and non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma. Cell proliferation assays demonstrated sharp dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all the above cell lines at 96-hours post-treatment. Quantitative analysis showed that SelSa-1 and SelSa-2 have distinct effects in different types of hematopoietic malignancies. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both SelSa-1 and Selsa-2 have similar therapeutic activity with IC50 = 1uM and 1-2uM, respectively. In B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, SelSa-1 has superior therapeutic activity compared to SelSa-2 with IC50 = 0.2 uM vs. 1.25, respectively. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML) without the t:15:17 translocation, SelSa-1 was superior to SelSa-2 (IC50= 0.25uM and 1uM respectively), while APML with the t:15:17 translocation showed similar sensitivity to both compounds with an IC50 of 1-2uM. Cell cycle analysis performed by flow cytometry revealed that these agents induce G1-cell cycle arrest in leukemia cells. Preliminary data suggest that both SelSa-1 and SelSa-2 have a synergistic effect with standard chemotherapeutic agents that induce DNA-damage. In summary, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of two selenium-containing analogs of SAHA, SelSA-1 and 2, on leukemia cells from multiple hematopoietic lineages. Additional studies to identify detailed mechanisms of the effects of these drugs on cellular function are underway.
Citation Format: Mansi Sachdev, Dhimant Desai, Sunil Muthusami, Chandrika Gowda, Chunhua Song, Shantu G. Amin, Sinisa Dovat. Therapeutic efficacy of novel selenium-containing HDACi in acute leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5539. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5539
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Ramisetti SR, Lee SY, Pandey MK, Amin SG, Sharma AK. Abstract 1639: Development of novel thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potential cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of cancer are generally directed to inhibit the reproduction of malignant cells and killing cells, thereby preventing tumor growth or reducing tumor size. Many of these drugs develop resistance to tumor cells by different mechanisms. Therefore a significant clinical need exists for the development of additional chemotherapeutic agents that are toxic to a wide range of tumor cells, in particular tumors that are resistant to current treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. From recent past, it has been known that barbituric acid derivatives exhibit different biological activities such as anti-depressant, anti-convulsant, anti-viral and anti-cancer activities. Among them some thiobarbituric acid derivatives, such as merocyanine and merbarone have been proposed as possible modulators of apoptosis in several cancer cells including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), lung, melanoma, leukemia, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and cervical cancer; albeit not particularly for cancers that are resistant to current therapy. We designed and synthesized novel thio- and seleno- barbituric derivatives by varying the substituents at N1, N3 (ethyl, methyl, allyl, and phenyl) and C5 tethered with dienyl and trienyl moieties attached with different substituents like phenyl, 2-furanyl, 2-thiophenyl, 1-naphthyl & 3-pyridyl. These compounds were tested against both chemotherapy sensitive and resistant, melanoma (UACC903 and CHL-1), GBM (U87-MG, T98G, and CCF-STTG1) , and lung cancer (A549, H460, H520and H69) cells. Most of these compounds reduced cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Among all the compounds ASR-198, ASR-199, ASR-243 and ASR-244 were most cytotoxic to both chemotherapy resistant and sensitive cells. In addition, these compounds triggered a dose dependent induction of apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in melanoma cells. Overall compound ASR-198, having a 2-thiophen-dienyl substitution and C-5 position, emerged as the most efficacious compound in all three cancer cell lines. Interestingly its isosteric selenium analogs were relatively less cytotoxic. In summary, this structure-activity relationship study clearly indicates that more efficacious compounds, compared to existing thiobarbituric analogs, can be developed based on barbituric acid scaffold, by rational modifications of the chemo type compounds. Detailed results of these investigations will be presented.
Citation Format: Srinivasa R. Ramisetti, Sang Y. Lee, Manoj K. Pandey, Shantu G. Amin, Arun K. Sharma. Development of novel thiobarbituric acid derivatives as potential cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1639. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1639
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang Y. Lee
- Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Kale VP, Hengst JA, Desai DH, Dick TE, Choe KN, Colledge AL, Takahashi Y, Sung SS, Amin SG, Yun JK. A novel selective multikinase inhibitor of ROCK and MRCK effectively blocks cancer cell migration and invasion. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:299-310. [PMID: 25172415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two structurally related protein kinase families, the Rho kinases (ROCK) and the myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinases (MRCK) are required for migration and invasion of cancer cells. We hypothesized that simultaneous targeting of these two kinase families might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to block the migration and invasion of metastatic cancers. To this end, we developed DJ4 as a novel small molecule inhibitor of these kinases. DJ4 potently inhibited activities of ROCK and MRCK in an ATP competitive manner. In cellular functional assays, DJ4 treatment significantly blocked stress fiber formation and inhibited migration and invasion of multiple cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. Our results strongly indicate that DJ4 may be further developed as a novel anti-metastatic chemotherapeutic agent for multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pralhad Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jeremy A Hengst
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Dhimant H Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Taryn E Dick
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Katherine N Choe
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ashley L Colledge
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yoshinori Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shen-Shu Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jong K Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Pandey MK, Kale VP, Song C, Sung SS, Sharma AK, Talamo G, Dovat S, Amin SG. Gambogic acid inhibits multiple myeloma mediated osteoclastogenesis through suppression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 signaling pathways. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:883-96. [PMID: 25034231 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.07.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone disease, characterized by the presence of lytic lesions and osteoporosis is the hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM). Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), has been implicated as a regulator of bone resorption, suggesting that agents that can suppress SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling might inhibit osteoclastogenesis, a process closely linked to bone resorption. We, therefore, investigated whether gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone, could inhibit CXCR4 signaling and suppress osteoclastogenesis induced by MM cells. Through docking studies we predicted that GA directly interacts with CXCR4. This xanthone down-regulates the expression of CXCR4 on MM cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The down-regulation of CXCR4 was not due to proteolytic degradation, but rather GA suppresses CXCR4 mRNA expression by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) DNA binding. This was further confirmed by quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, as GA inhibits p65 binding at the CXCR4 promoter. GA suppressed SDF-1α-induced chemotaxis of MM cells and downstream signaling of CXCR4 by inhibiting phosphorylation of Akt, p38, and Erk1/2 in MM cells. GA abrogated the RANKL-induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, we found that MM cells induced differentiation of macrophages to osteoclasts, and that GA suppressed this process. Importantly, suppression of osteoclastogenesis by GA was mediated through IL-6 inhibition. Overall, our results show that GA is a novel inhibitor of CXCR4 expression and has a strong potential to suppress osteoclastogenesis mediated by MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA.
| | - Vijay P Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shen-shu Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Giampaolo Talamo
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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Lahoti TS, Hughes JM, Kusnadi A, John K, Zhu B, Murray IA, Gowda K, Peters JM, Amin SG, Perdew GH. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism attenuates growth factor expression, proliferation, and migration in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:236-45. [PMID: 24309559 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.209726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with high morbidity and mortality. Within the inflammatory milieu, resident fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial tissue undergo hyperplasia, which leads to joint destruction. Epidemiologic studies and our previous research suggest that activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway plays an instrumental role in the inflammatory and destructive RA phenotype. In addition, our recent studies implicate the AHR in the regulation of the expression of several growth factors in established tumor cell lines. Thus, under inflammatory conditions, we hypothesized that the AHR is involved in the constitutive and inducible expression of several growth factors, FLS proliferation and migration, along with protease-dependent invasion in FLS from patients with RA (RA-FLS). Treatment with the AHR antagonist GNF351 inhibits cytokine-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), epiregulin, amphiregulin, and basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA through an AHR-dependent mechanism in both RA-FLS and FLS. Secretion of VEGF-A and epiregulin from RA-FLS was also inhibited upon GNF351 treatment. RA-FLS cell migration, along with cytokine-induced RA-FLS cell proliferation, was significantly attenuated by GNF351 exposure. Treatment of RA-FLS with GNF351 mitigated cytokine-mediated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 mRNA and diminished the RA-FLS invasive phenotype. These findings indicate that inhibition of AHR activity may be a viable therapeutic target in amelioration of disease progression in RA by attenuating growth factor release; FLS proliferation, migration, and invasion; and inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas S Lahoti
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania (T.S.L., J.M.H., A.K., B.Z., I.A.M., J.M.P., G.H.P.); DuPont Haskell Global Centers for Health and Environmental Sciences, Newark, Delaware (K.J.); and Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania (K.G., S.G.A.)
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Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been shown to play a role in an increasing number of cellular processes. Recent reports have linked the AhR to cell proliferation, cytoskeletal arrangement, and tumor invasiveness in various tumor cell types. The AhR plays a role in the de-repression of the interleukin (IL)6 promoter in certain tumor cell lines, allowing for increased transcriptional activation by cytokines. Here, we show that there is a significant level of constitutive activation of the AhR in cells isolated from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Constitutive activation of the AhR in HNSCCs was blocked by antagonist treatment, leading to a reduction in IL6 expression. In addition, the AhR exhibits a high level of expression in HNSCCs than in normal keratinocytes. These findings led to the hypothesis that the basal AhR activity in HNSCCs plays a role in the aggressive phenotype of these tumors and that antagonist treatment could mitigate this phenotype. This study provides evidence that antagonism of the AhR in HNSCC tumor cells, in the absence of exogenous receptor ligands, has a significant effect on tumor cell phenotype. Treatment of these cell lines with the AhR antagonists 6, 2', 4'-trimethoxyflavone, or the more potent GNF351, decreased migration and invasion of HNSCC cells and prevented benzo[a]pyrene-mediated induction of the chemotherapy efflux protein ABCG2. Thus, an AhR antagonist treatment has been shown to have therapeutic potential in HNSCCs through a reduction in aggressive cell phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Indoles
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Purines
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C DiNatale
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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39
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Trushin N, Alam S, El-Bayoumy K, Krzeminski J, Amin SG, Gullett J, Meyers C, Prokopczyk B. Comparative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by human keratinocytes infected with high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 as episomal or integrated genomes. J Carcinog 2012; 11:1. [PMID: 22368516 PMCID: PMC3284083 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.92309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a critical factor in the development of cervical cancer. Smoking is an additional risk factor. Tobacco smoke carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and their cytochrome P450-related metabolites are present in significantly higher levels in the cervical mucus of women smokers than in nonsmokers. We determined the metabolism and P450 expression of B[a]P-treated human keratinocytes infected with HPV-16 or -18. Materials and Methods: Monolayer cultures of uninfected primary human foreskin keratinocytes, human vaginal and cervical keratinocytes carrying episomal genomes of HPV-16 and -18, respectively, and invasive cervical carcinoma cell lines carrying either HPV-16 or -18 genomes integrated into the host DNA, were incubated with 0.1 μM [3H]B[a]P. The resulting oxidative metabolites were analyzed and quantified by radioflow high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, all cell lines were incubated with unlabeled 0.1 μM B[a]P for Western blot analysis of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1. Results: Significant enhancement in levels of both detoxification and activation metabolites was found in incubations with all types of HPV-infected cells compared with control incubations (P < 0.05). The highest capacity to metabolize B[a]P was observed with cells containing integrated HPV-18 genomes. Induction of cytochrome 1B1 was observed in HPV-16 and -18 integrated, and in HPV-16 episomal cell types. Conclusions: Both viral genotype and genomic status in the host cell affect B[a]P metabolism and cytochrome P450 1B1 expression. An increase of DNA-damaging metabolites might result from exposure of HPV-infected women to cigarette smoke carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Trushin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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40
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Crowell SR, Amin SG, Anderson KA, Krishnegowda G, Sharma AK, Soelberg JJ, Williams DE, Corley RA. Preliminary physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[def,p]chrysene in rodents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:365-76. [PMID: 22001385 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants generated as byproducts of natural and anthropogenic combustion processes. Despite significant public health concern, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling efforts for PAHs have so far been limited to naphthalene, plus simpler PK models for pyrene, nitropyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The dearth of published models is due in part to the high lipophilicity, low volatility, and myriad metabolic pathways for PAHs, all of which present analytical and experimental challenges. Our research efforts have focused upon experimental approaches and initial development of PBPK models for the prototypic PAH, B[a]P, and the more potent, albeit less studied transplacental carcinogen, dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC). For both compounds, model compartments included arterial and venous blood, flow limited lung, liver, richly perfused and poorly perfused tissues, diffusion limited fat, and a two compartment theoretical gut (for oral exposures). Hepatic and pulmonary metabolism was described for both compounds, as were fractional binding in blood and fecal clearance. Partition coefficients for parent PAH along with their diol and tetraol metabolites were estimated using published algorithms and verified experimentally for the hydroxylated metabolites. The preliminary PBPK models were able to describe many, but not all, of the available data sets, comprising multiple routes of exposure (oral, intravenous) and nominal doses spanning several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ritger Crowell
- Biological Monitoring and Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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41
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Murray IA, Flaveny CA, Chiaro CR, Sharma AK, Tanos RS, Schroeder JC, Amin SG, Bisson WH, Kolluri SK, Perdew GH. Suppression of cytokine-mediated complement factor gene expression through selective activation of the Ah receptor with 3',4'-dimethoxy-α-naphthoflavone. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:508-19. [PMID: 21127131 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.069369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have characterized previously a class of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) ligand termed selective AHR modulators (SAhRMs). SAhRMs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, including suppression of cytokine-mediated acute phase genes (e.g., Saa1), through dissociation of non-dioxin-response element (DRE) AHR activity from DRE-dependent xenobiotic gene expression. The partial AHR agonist α-naphthoflavone (αNF) mediates the suppressive, non-DRE dependent effects on SAA1 expression and partial DRE-mediated CYP1A1 induction. These observations suggest that αNF may be structurally modified to a derivative exhibiting only SAhRM activity. A screen of αNF derivatives identifies 3',4'-dimethoxy-αNF (DiMNF) as a candidate SAhRM. Competitive ligand binding validates DiMNF as an AHR ligand, and DRE-dependent reporter assays with quantitative mRNA analysis of AHR target genes reveal minimal agonist activity associated with AHR binding. Consistent with loss of agonist activity, DiMNF fails to promote AHR binding to DRE probes as determined through electromobility shift assay. Importantly, mRNA analysis indicates that DiMNF retains the suppressive capacity of αNF regarding cytokine-mediated SAA1 expression in Huh7 cells. Interestingly, predictive docking modeling suggests that DiMNF adopts a unique orientation within the AHR ligand binding pocket relative to αNF and may facilitate the rational design of additional SAhRMs. Microarray studies with a non-DRE binding but otherwise functional AHR mutant identified complement factor C3 as a potential SAhRM target. We confirmed this observation in Huh7 cells using 10 μM DiMNF, which significantly repressed C3 mRNA and protein. These data expand the classes of AHR ligands exerting DRE-independent anti-inflammatory SAhRM activity, suggesting SAhRMs may have application in the amelioration of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Murray
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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42
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Kaushal N, Desai D, Arner RJ, Gandhi UH, Amin SG, Prabhu KS. Anti‐inflammatory potential of Selecoxib. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.728.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kaushal
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- PharmacologyPenn State Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer InstituteHersheyPA
| | - Ryan J Arner
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Ujjawal H Gandhi
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
| | - Shantu G Amin
- PharmacologyPenn State Hershey Medical Center and Penn State Hershey Cancer InstituteHersheyPA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Veterinary and Biomedical SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA
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43
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Richie JP, Kleinman W, Desai DH, Das A, Amin SG, Pinto JT, El-Bayoumy K. The organoselenium compound 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced tumorgenesis and enhances glutathione-related antioxidant levels in A/J mouse lung. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 161:93-103. [PMID: 16620795 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selenium, in the form of 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) but not Se-enriched yeast (Se-yeast), was highly effective at inhibiting lung tumors induced by the tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mice and at reducing NNK-induced DNA methylation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the lung. Our goal was to determine if p-XSC but not Se-yeast is effective at inducing levels of glutathione (GSH)-related antioxidants and reducing markers of GSH oxidation in the NNK-induced lung tumor model. In the first bioassay, 6-week-old mice were fed either control or experimental diets (containing 10 ppm as selenium from p-XSC or Se-yeast) and, beginning at 8 weeks of age, received NNK (3 micromol) by gavage once weekly for 8 weeks. After 18 weeks, p-XSC significantly reduced NNK-induced tumor burden by 74% (10.4 +/- 6.0 versus 2.7 +/- 1.5 tumors/mouse, P < 0.001) and tumor incidence from 96% to 68% (P < 0.01), whereas, Se-yeast had no effect. Lung GSH levels were unchanged by either NNK or Se-yeast, but were increased 70% in mice treated with both NNK and p-XSC (P < 0.01) and 41% in mice treated with p-XSC alone. In the second bioassay, the time course of effects of p-XSC was examined. As early as one week after initiation of p-XSC feeding lung and blood selenium levels were increased nearly six- and two-fold, respectively. Increases of 120% for GSH and 65% for Cys were observed in p-XSC groups compared to controls within one week after initiation of p-XSC feeding (P < 0.01). The levels of protein-bound:free GSH ratios and Cys ratios were significantly decreased in p-XSC-treated mice, regardless of NNK status, suggesting a decrease in the levels of oxidative stress. Altogether, these results indicate that p-XSC is a potent inducer of GSH and related thiol antioxidants in the lung leading to decreased levels of oxidative stress and suggest that p-XSC inhibits tumor formation, in part, by protecting against oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Richie
- Department of Health Evaluation Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA 17033, USA
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44
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Sohn OS, Desai DH, Das A, Rodriguez JG, Amin SG, El-Bayoumy K. Comparative excretion and tissue distribution of selenium in mice and rats following treatment with the chemopreventive agent 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate. Chem Biol Interact 2005; 151:193-202. [PMID: 15733540 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2004.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In a previous preliminary investigation, we reported on the excretion, tissue disposition and metabolism of the chemopreventive agent 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) in the rat, but similar studies in the mouse have not been explored. Following the oral administration of p-XSC (50 micromol/kg body weight), selenium excretion in feces was comparable to that in urine in mice, but in rats, feces was the major route of excretion. Tetraselenocyclophane (TSC) was the major metabolite detected in mouse and rat feces. In both species, levels of selenium in exhaled air were negligible. At termination, in the mouse, the stomach had the highest selenium content followed by liver and blood, but lung and kidney contained negligible levels of selenium; in the rat, the selenium level in liver was the highest followed by kidney, stomach, blood and lung. The identification of TSC as a fecal metabolite in both species let us to postulate the following metabolic pathway: p-XSC-->glutathione conjugate (p-XSeSG)-->a selenol (p-XSeH)-->TSC. Since the glutathione conjugate appears to be the proximal precursor for the selenol metabolite that may be an important intermediate in cancer chemoprevention, we report for the first time the synthesis of p-XSeSG and its other potential metabolites, namely the cysteine- and N-acetylcysteine-conjugates of p-XSC. HPLC analysis of the urine and bile showed a few metabolites of p-XSC; none of which eluted with the synthetic standards described above. When we examined the conversion of p-XSC and p-XSeSG in vitro using rat cecal microflora, TSC was formed from p-XSeSG but not from p-XSC. The formation of TSC from p-XSC in vivo but not in vitro suggests that p-XSC needs to be metabolized to p-XSeSG or an intermediate derived from its further metabolism. Thus, p-XSeSG was given orally to rats and the results showed that the pattern of selenium excretion after p-XSeSG treatment was similar to that of p-XSC; TSC was also identified as a fecal metabolite of p-XSeSG. It may be that the conversion of p-XSeSG to TSC is too facile, or the mere conjugation of p-XSC with glutathione does not occur in rats and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ock Soon Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
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45
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El-Bayoumy K, Narayanan BA, Desai DH, Narayanan NK, Pittman B, Amin SG, Schwartz J, Nixon DW. Elucidation of molecular targets of mammary cancer chemoprevention in the rat by organoselenium compounds using cDNA microarray. Carcinogenesis 2003; 24:1505-14. [PMID: 12844480 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgg103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We employed cDNA microarray analysis to identify, in mammary adenocarcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) in the rat, target genes as potential biomarkers for cancer chemoprevention by 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC). Confirmation of selected genes was conducted by reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). The glutathione conjugate, p-XSeSG, a putative metabolite of p-XSC was also employed to test our hypothesis that p-XSeSG is a more effective cancer chemopreventive agent in the mammary cancer model than p-XSC. Mammary adenocarcinomas were induced by a single oral administration of 5 mg DMBA in 0.2 ml olive oil per rat at 50-55 days of age. Consistent with our previous reports, dietary p-XSC at a non-toxic dose (10 p.p.m. as selenium) significantly inhibited adenocarcinoma development, independent of feeding duration. Moreover, p-XSeSG appears to be just as effective as p-XSC when fed after DMBA administration, but was significantly less effective than p-XSC in inhibiting the induction of mammary adenocarcinomas when it was fed before DMBA and continued until termination. To delineate the molecular basis for cancer chemoprevention by organoselenium compounds, we focused our analysis on differential expression of genes known to be involved in DMBA metabolism, as well as those related to cell cycle, cell proliferation and apoptosis. p-XSC and p-XSeSG were significantly and equally effective in inhibiting levels of expression of genes associated with cytochrome P450 isoforms, but the former was more active than the latter in up-regulating the expression of those related to certain phase II enzymes. p-XSC and p-XSeSG were significantly more effective in the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes, such as p21CIP1/WAF1, p27KIP1, APO-1 and Caspase-3, while down-regulating cell growth regulatory genes, such as c-myc, cyclin D1, cyclin D2 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides insights into the effects of p-XSC and p-XSeSG at the molecular level that may account for mammary cancer chemoprevention in vivo in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam El-Bayoumy
- American Health Foundation Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Prevention, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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46
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Abstract
A control chart can be an effective way to display process data over time. It can differentiate common cause variation from special cause variation through the application of several probability-based interpretation rules. In addition, a control chart can be helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of a change. There are numerous types of control charts, and this tutorial was developed to guide the user through the selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Amin
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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47
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Stoner GD, Adams C, Kresty LA, Amin SG, Desai D, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Morse MA. Inhibition of N'-nitrosonornicotine-induced esophageal tumorigenesis by 3-phenylpropyl isothiocyanate. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:2139-43. [PMID: 9886569 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.12.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of dietary isothiocyanates to inhibit the esophageal metabolism of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) was examined in F344 rats. Following feeding of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), 3-phenylpropyl isothiocyanate (PPITC), 4-phenylbutyl isothiocyanate (PBITC) or 6-phenylhexyl isothiocyanate for 2 weeks, rats were killed and the esophagi were incubated in vitro with [5-3H]NNN. While dietary BITC, PEITC and PBITC all decreased NNN metabolism, dietary PPITC had the greatest effect, yielding inhibition ranging from 55 to 91% of the control production of various NNN metabolites. To determine the chemopreventive efficacy of PPITC on NNN-induced esophageal tumorigenesis, rats were fed AIN-76A diets containing 0, 1.0 or 2.5 micromol/g PPITC and were given untreated drinking water or drinking water containing 5 p.p.m. NNN. After 87 weeks, the experiment was terminated and the esophageal tumors were counted. Rats that were given untreated drinking water developed no tumors. Rats that were given 5 p.p.m. NNN and unadulterated AIN-76A diet had an esophageal tumor incidence of 71% and a multiplicity of 1.57 tumors/animal. The two dietary concentrations of PPITC reduced the incidence and multiplicity of NNN-induced esophageal tumors by >95%. These results demonstrate the remarkable chemopreventive efficacy of PPITC in the NNN-induced esophageal tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Stoner
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University School of Public Health and The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, CHRI, Columbus 43210, USA.
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48
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Rosa JG, Prokopczyk B, Desai DH, Amin SG, El-Bayoumy K. Elevated 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine levels in lung DNA of A/J mice and F344 rats treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and inhibition by dietary 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate. Carcinogenesis 1998; 19:1783-8. [PMID: 9806159 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/19.10.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) is an effective chemopreventive agent against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung adenoma in female A/J mice. While p-XSC can effectively inhibit NNK-induced DNA methylation in female A/J mice and in male F344 rats, its effect on NNK-induced oxidative DNA damage had not been determined. Thus, the effect of p-XSC on the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) in lung DNA from A/J mice and F344 rats treated with NNK was examined. Mice were given NNK by gavage (0.5 mg/mouse in 0.2 ml corn oil, three times per week for 3 weeks) or by a single i.p. injection (2 mg/mouse in 0.1 ml saline) while maintained on a control diet (AIN-76A) or control diet containing p-XSC at 10 or 15 p.p.m. (as Se) starting 1 week before NNK administration and continuing until termination. Mice were killed 2 h after the last NNK gavage in the multiple administration protocol or 2 h after the single i.p. injection. Treatment with NNK by gavage significantly elevated the levels of 8-OH-dG in lung DNA of A/J mice from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 adducts/10(5) 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) (P < 0.001), while dietary p-XSC (at 10 p.p.m. Se) prevented significant elevation of the levels of this lesion caused by NNK, keeping them at 0.9 +/- 0.1 adducts/10(5) dG (P < 0.003). Injection of NNK in saline also significantly increased the levels of 8-OH-dG in lung DNA of A/J mice from 1.2 +/- 0.6 to 3.6 +/- 0.8/10(5) dG adducts (P < 0.01), while dietary p-XSC (at 15 p.p.m. Se) kept these levels at 1.9 +/- 0.5 adducts/10(5) dG (P < 0.03). Rats were given a single i.p. injection of NNK (100 mg/kg body wt) in saline while being maintained on control diet (AIN-76A) or control diet containing p-XSC (15 p.p.m. as Se) starting 1 week before NNK administration and continuing until termination. The rats were killed 2 h after injection. Treatment with NNK using this protocol significantly elevated the levels of 8-OH-dG in lung DNA of F344 rats from 2.6 +/- 0.5 to 3.5 +/- 0.5 adducts/10(5) dG (P < 0.03), while dietary p-XSC (at 15 p.p.m. Se) kept the levels of this lesion at 2.2 +/- 0.6 adducts/10(5) dG (P < 0.01). Our findings suggest that the chemopreventive efficacy of p-XSC against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and F344 rats may be due in part to inhibition of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Rosa
- American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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49
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Chung FL, Wang M, Rivenson A, Iatropoulos MJ, Reinhardt JC, Pittman B, Ho CT, Amin SG. Inhibition of lung carcinogenesis by black tea in Fischer rats treated with a tobacco-specific carcinogen: caffeine as an important constituent. Cancer Res 1998; 58:4096-101. [PMID: 9751618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examined the effect of black tea and caffeine on lung tumorigenesis in F344 rats induced by the nicotine-derived carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in a 2-year bioassay. NNK was administered s.c. at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight three times weekly for 20 weeks. Animals were given either black tea as drinking water at concentrations of 2%, 1%, or 0.5%, or caffeine in drinking water at concentrations identical to those in 2% and 0.5% tea infusions for 22 weeks. The treatment period began 1 week before and ended 1 week after the NNK administration. The animals were sacrificed on week 101 for the examination of tumors in target organs, including lung, liver, nasal cavity, and other major organs. The NNK-treated group, given 2% black tea, showed a significant reduction of the total lung tumor (adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and adenosquamous carcinomas) incidence from 47% to 19%, whereas the group given 1% and 0.5% black tea showed no change. The 2% tea also reduced liver tumor incidence induced by NNK from 34% in the group given only deionized water to 12%. The tumor incidence in the nasal cavity, however, was not affected by either black tea or caffeine at any of the concentrations tested. The most unexpected finding was the remarkable reduction of the lung tumor incidence, from 47% to 10%, in the group treated with 680 ppm caffeine, a concentration equivalent to that found in the 2% tea. This incidence is comparable to background levels seen in the control group. This study demonstrated for the first time in a 2-year lifetime bioassay that black tea protects against lung tumorigenesis in F344 rats, and this effect appears to be attributed, to a significant extent, to caffeine as an active ingredient of tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Chung
- Naylor Dana Institute for Disease Prevention, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
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50
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Klein DG, Fritsch DE, Amin SG. Wound infection following trauma and burn injuries. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 1995; 7:627-42. [PMID: 8546821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Wounds that result from trauma and burn injuries may lead to the development of infection from the mechanism of injury, bacterial contamination, exogenous and endogenous sources, and impaired host defenses. Knowledge of these factors, combined with thorough wound assessment, differentiation between contaminated and infected wounds, the appropriate use of wound cultures and antibiotics, and the appropriate selection of wound-management techniques, is important in the optimization of wound healing.
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