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Adimulam T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Organoselenium Compounds on Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Their Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312952. [PMID: 34884764 PMCID: PMC8657714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes alter gene expression, contributing to cancer. Epigenetic changes in cancer arise from alterations in DNA and histone modifications that lead to tumour suppressor gene silencing and the activation of oncogenes. The acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins are determined by the histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases that control gene transcription. Organoselenium compounds have become promising contenders in cancer therapeutics. Apart from their anti-oxidative effects, several natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and metabolites act as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which influence the acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins, altering gene transcription. This review aims to summarise the effect of natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer therapy.
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2
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Abstract
Functions of selenium are diverse as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, increased immunity, reduced cancer incidence, blocking tumor invasion and metastasis, and further clinical application as treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. These functions of selenium are mostly related to oxidation and reduction mechanisms of selenium metabolites. Hydrogen selenide from selenite, and methylselenol (MSeH) from Se-methylselenocyteine (MSeC) and methylseleninicacid (MSeA) are the most reactive metabolites produced reactive oxygen species (ROS); furthermore, these metabolites may involve in oxidizing sulfhydryl groups, including glutathione. Selenite also reacted with glutathione and produces hydrogen selenide via selenodiglutathione (SeDG), which induces cytotoxicity as cell apoptosis, ROS production, DNA damage, and adenosine-methionine methylation in the cellular nucleus. However, a more pronounced effect was shown in the subsequent treatment of sodium selenite with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. High doses of sodium selenite were effective to increase radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and further to reduce radiation side effects and drug resistance. In our study, advanced cancer patients can tolerate until 5000 μg of sodium selenite in combination with radiation and chemotherapy since the half-life of sodium selenite may be relatively short, and, further, selenium may accumulates more in cancer cells than that of normal cells, which may be toxic to the cancer cells. Further clinical studies of high amount sodium selenite are required to treat advanced cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jo Kim
- Sangkyungwon Integrate Medical Caner Hospital, Yeoju 12616, Gyeonggido, Korea;
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Comprehensive Gynecological Cancer Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam 13497, Gyeonggido, Korea;
| | - Jong Min Park
- Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea;
| | - An Sik Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Hara T, Okazaki T, Hashiya T, Nozawa K, Yasuike S, Kurita J, Yamamoto C, Hamada N, Kaji T. Effects of Substitution on Cytotoxicity of Diphenyl Ditelluride in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910520. [PMID: 34638861 PMCID: PMC8531998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among organic–inorganic hybrid molecules consisting of organic structure(s) and metal(s), only few studies are available on the cytotoxicity of nucleophilic molecules. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of a nucleophilic organotellurium compound, diphenyl ditelluride (DPDTe), using a cell culture system. DPDTe exhibited strong cytotoxicity against vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts along with high intracellular accumulation but showed no cytotoxicity and had less accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells and renal epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of DPDTe decreased when intramolecular tellurium atoms were replaced with selenium or sulfur atoms. Electronic state analysis revealed that the electron density between tellurium atoms in DPDTe was much lower than those between selenium atoms of diphenyl diselenide and sulfur atoms of diphenyl disulfide. Moreover, diphenyl telluride did not accumulate and exhibit cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of DPDTe was also affected by substitution. p-Dimethoxy-DPDTe showed higher cytotoxicity, but p-dichloro-DPDTe and p-methyl-DPDTe showed lower cytotoxicity than that of DPDTe. The subcellular distribution of the compounds revealed that the compounds with stronger cytotoxicity showed higher accumulation rates in the mitochondria. Our findings suggest that the electronic state of tellurium atoms in DPDTe play an important role in accumulation and distribution of DPDTe in cultured cells. The present study supports the hypothesis that nucleophilic organometallic compounds, as well as electrophilic organometallic compounds, exhibit cytotoxicity by particular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (T.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Okazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (T.H.)
| | - Tamayo Hashiya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (T.H.)
| | - Kyohei Nozawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan;
| | - Shuji Yasuike
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan;
| | - Jyoji Kurita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa 920-1181, Japan;
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan; (T.H.); (C.Y.)
| | - Noriaki Hamada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (T.O.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: (N.H.); (T.K.)
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Sun LY, Chen C, Su J, Li JQ, Jiang Z, Gao H, Chigan JZ, Ding HH, Zhai L, Yang KW. Ebsulfur and Ebselen as highly potent scaffolds for the development of potential SARS-CoV-2 antivirals. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104889. [PMID: 33915460 PMCID: PMC8026246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The emerging COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised a global catastrophe. To date, there is no specific antiviral drug available to combat this virus, except the vaccine. In this study, the main protease (Mpro) required for SARS-CoV-2 viral replication was expressed and purified. Thirty-six compounds were tested as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Ebselen and Ebsulfur analogs were obtained to be in the range of 0.074-0.91 μM. Notably, the molecules containing furane substituent displayed higher inhibition against Mpro, followed by Ebselen 1i (IC50 = 0.074 μM) and Ebsulfur 2k (IC50 = 0.11 μM). The action mechanism of 1i and 2k were characterized by enzyme kinetics, pre-incubation and jump dilution assays, as well as fluorescent labeling experiments, which suggested that both compounds covalently and irreversibly bind to Mpro, while molecular docking suggested that 2k formed an SS bond with the Cys145 at the enzymatic active site. This study provides two very potent scaffolds Ebsulfur and Ebselen for the development of covalent inhibitors of Mpro to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Jia-Zhu Chigan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China
| | - Le Zhai
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 72101, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, PR China.
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Dauplais M, Bierla K, Maizeray C, Lestini R, Lobinski R, Plateau P, Szpunar J, Lazard M. Methylselenol Produced In Vivo from Methylseleninic Acid or Dimethyl Diselenide Induces Toxic Protein Aggregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052241. [PMID: 33668124 PMCID: PMC7956261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylselenol (MeSeH) has been suggested to be a critical metabolite for anticancer activity of selenium, although the mechanisms underlying its activity remain to be fully established. The aim of this study was to identify metabolic pathways of MeSeH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to decipher the mechanism of its toxicity. We first investigated in vitro the formation of MeSeH from methylseleninic acid (MSeA) or dimethyldiselenide. Determination of the equilibrium and rate constants of the reactions between glutathione (GSH) and these MeSeH precursors indicates that in the conditions that prevail in vivo, GSH can reduce the major part of MSeA or dimethyldiselenide into MeSeH. MeSeH can also be enzymatically produced by glutathione reductase or thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase. Studies on the toxicity of MeSeH precursors (MSeA, dimethyldiselenide or a mixture of MSeA and GSH) in S.cerevisiae revealed that cytotoxicity and selenomethionine content were severely reduced in a met17 mutant devoid of O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase. This suggests conversion of MeSeH into selenomethionine by this enzyme. Protein aggregation was observed in wild-type but not in met17 cells. Altogether, our findings support the view that MeSeH is toxic in S. cerevisiae because it is metabolized into selenomethionine which, in turn, induces toxic protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dauplais
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Bierla
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Coralie Maizeray
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Roxane Lestini
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645—INSERM U1182, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France;
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 19048 Moscow, Russia
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Pierre Plateau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- IPREM UMR5254, E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, CNRS, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Hélioparc, 64053 Pau, France; (K.B.); (R.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Myriam Lazard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Structurale de la Cellule, BIOC, École Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7654, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; (M.D.); (C.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Servidio C, Stellacci F. Therapeutic approaches against coronaviruses acute respiratory syndrome. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00691. [PMID: 33378565 PMCID: PMC7773137 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses represent global health threat. In this century, they have already caused two epidemics and one serious pandemic. Although, at present, there are no approved drugs and therapies for the treatment and prevention of human coronaviruses, several agents, FDA-approved, and preclinical, have shown in vitro and/or in vivo antiviral activity. An in-depth analysis of the current situation leads to the identification of several potential drugs that could have an impact on the fight against coronaviruses infections. In this review, we discuss the virology of human coronaviruses highlighting the main biological targets and summarize the current state-of-the-art of possible therapeutic options to inhibit coronaviruses infections. We mostly focus on FDA-approved and preclinical drugs targeting viral conserved elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Servidio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition SciencesUniversity of CalabriaRendeItaly
- Institute of MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of MaterialsEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Bioengineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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He X, Zhong M, Li S, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Gao Y, Ding F, Wen D, Lei Y, Zhang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of organoselenium (NSAIDs-SeCN and SeCF 3) derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112864. [PMID: 32987314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of organoselenium compounds based on the hybridization of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) scaffolds and Se functionalities (-SeCN and -SeCF3) were synthesized and characterized, and evaluated against four types of cancer cell lines, SW480 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (human cervical cancer cells), A549 (human lung carcinoma cells), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma cells). Interestingly, most of the investigated compounds showed active in reducing the viability of different cancer cell lines. The most active compound 3h showed IC50 values lower than 20 μM against the four cancer cell lines, particularly to SW480 and MCF-7 with IC 50 values of 4.9 and 3.4 μM, respectively. Furthermore, NSAIDs-SeCN derivatives (2h and 2i) and NSAIDs-SeCF3 derivatives (3h and 3i) were selected to investigate their ability to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via modulation the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2) and proapoptotic caspase-3 protein. Moreover, the redox properties of the synthesized organoselenium candidates were conducted by 2, 2-didiphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), bleomycin dependent DNA damage and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like assays. Taken together, these NSAIDs-Se candidates could provide promising new lead derivatives for further potential anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianran He
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Min Zhong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Shaolei Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shenzhen Fushan Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Kexing Science Park A1 1005, Nanshan Zone, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yangguang Gao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yuchen Lei
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Jianghan University, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, 430056, China; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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Fenn GD, Waller-Evans H, Atack JR, Bax BD. Crystallization and structure of ebselen bound to Cys141 of human inositol monophosphatase. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2020; 76:469-476. [PMID: 33006574 PMCID: PMC7531247 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20011310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) is inhibited by lithium, which is the most efficacious treatment for bipolar disorder. Several therapies have been approved, or are going through clinical trials, aimed at the replacement of lithium in the treatment of bipolar disorder. One candidate small molecule is ebselen, a selenium-containing antioxidant, which has been demonstrated to produce lithium-like effects both in a murine model and in clinical trials. Here, the crystallization and the first structure of human IMPase covalently complexed with ebselen, a 1.47 Å resolution crystal structure (PDB entry 6zk0), are presented. In the complex with human IMPase, ebselen in a ring-opened conformation is covalently attached to Cys141, a residue located away from the active site. IMPase is a dimeric enzyme and in the crystal structure two adjacent dimers share four ebselen molecules, creating a tetramer with approximate 222 symmetry. In the crystal structure presented in this publication, the active site in the tetramer is still accessible, suggesting that ebselen may function as an allosteric inhibitor or may block the binding of partner proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D. Fenn
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Waller-Evans
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - John R. Atack
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin D. Bax
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Menéndez CA, Byléhn F, Perez-Lemus GR, Alvarado W, de Pablo JJ. Molecular characterization of ebselen binding activity to SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Sci Adv 2020; 6:sciadv.abd0345. [PMID: 32917717 PMCID: PMC7486088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to repurpose drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent computational-experimental screenings have identified several existing drugs that could serve as effective inhibitors of the virus' main protease, Mpro, which is involved in gene expression and replication. Among these, ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one) appears to be particularly promising. Here, we examine, at a molecular level, the potential of ebselen to decrease Mpro activity. We find that it exhibits a distinct affinity for the catalytic region. Our results reveal a higher-affinity, previously unknown binding site localized between the II and III domains of the protein. A detailed strain analysis indicates that, on such a site, ebselen exerts a pronounced allosteric effect that regulates catalytic site access through surface-loop interactions, thereby inducing a reconfiguration of water hotspots. Together, these findings highlight the promise of ebselen as a repurposed drug against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia A Menéndez
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640, S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fabian Byléhn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640, S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gustavo R Perez-Lemus
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640, S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Walter Alvarado
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640, S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640, S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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Miletić D, Turło J, Podsadni P, Pantić M, Nedović V, Lević S, Nikšić M. Selenium-enriched Coriolus versicolor mushroom biomass: potential novel food supplement with improved selenium bioavailability. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5122-5130. [PMID: 30993725 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of Coriolus versicolor medicinal mushroom to accumulate and transform selenium from selenourea and sodium selenite into an organic form - l-selenomethionine - during growth in liquid medium is examined in this paper. Additionally, the impact of supplementation on biological activity of the selenated mushroom methanol extracts, as well as their chemical composition, is studied. RESULTS Selenium accumulation was more efficient with sodium selenite application, but biomass yield was significantly lower (1.89 g DW L-1 ) compared to samples enriched with selenourea (4.48 g DW L-1 ). Mushroom sample obtained after growing in liquid medium with selenourea had significantly higher l-selenomethionine content compared to the sample grown in medium with sodium selenite. Selenium-enriched methanol extracts of C. versicolor mushroom showed improved antimicrobial and antioxidant activities compared to non-enriched extract. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that C. versicolor mushroom cultivated in liquid culture enriched with selenourea can be used for the production of novel food supplements with improved selenium bioavailability. More than 30% of total accumulated selenium from selenourea is transformed into l-selenomethionine. Differences in biological activity of methanol extracts can be explained not only by different selenium content but also by the differences in chemical composition of extracts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Miletić
- Department of Food and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Podsadni
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Milena Pantić
- Department of Food and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktor Nedović
- Department of Food and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva Lević
- Department of Food and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miomir Nikšić
- Department of Food and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Achouba A, Dumas P, Ouellet N, Little M, Lemire M, Ayotte P. Selenoneine is a major selenium species in beluga skin and red blood cells of Inuit from Nunavik. Chemosphere 2019; 229:549-558. [PMID: 31100626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nunavimmiut (Inuit of Nunavik, Northern Quebec, Canada) exhibit a high selenium (Se) status because of their frequent consumption of marine mammal foods. Indirect evidence from our previous studies had suggested that selenoneine - a novel selenocompound - may be accumulating in the blood of Nunavimmiut. We used a liquid-chromatography/inductively coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS/MS) method to measure concentrations of selenoneine and its methylated metabolite Se-methylselenoneine in archived red blood cells (RBC) obtained from 210 Nunavimmiut living in communities along the Hudson Strait, where marine mammal hunting and consumption are most frequent in Nunavik. This method was adapted to quantify selenoneine and its methylated metabolite in beluga mattaaq, an Inuit delicacy consisting of the skin with the underlying layer of fat and the major dietary source of Se for Nunavimmiut. Total selenium concentration was also measured in RBC and beluga mattaaq samples by isotope dilution ICP-MS/MS. The median selenoneine concentration in RBC was 413 μg Se/L (range = 3.20-3230 μg Se/L), representing 54% (median) of total Se content (range = 1.6-91%). Quantification of selenoneine in five beluga mattaaq samples (skin layer) from Nunavik revealed a median concentration of 1.8 μg Se/g wet wt (range = 1.2-7.4 μg Se/g), constituting 54% (median) of the total Se content (range = 44-74%). Se-methylselenoneine was also detected in Inuit RBC but not in beluga mattaaq, suggesting that selenoneine undergoes methylation in humans. Selenoneine may protect Nunavimmiut from methylmecury toxicity by increasing its demethylation in RBC and in turn decreasing its distribution to target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Achouba
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Pierre Dumas
- Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada
| | - Nathalie Ouellet
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Matthew Little
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada; Département de médecine préventive et sociale, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Axe Santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, 1050, Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4L8, Canada; Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), 945 Wolfe, Québec, QC, G1V 5B3, Canada; Département de médecine préventive et sociale, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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12
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Pham HD, Siddik MAB, Fotedar R, Nguyen CM, Nahar A, Gupta SK. Total Bioavailable Organic Selenium in Fishmeal-Based Diet Influences Growth and Physiology of Juvenile Cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus, 1766). Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:541-549. [PMID: 30414003 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the effects of supplemental organic selenium (Se) extracted from selenoyeast on the growth performance, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, biochemical status and liver histochemistry of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum. Six experimental diets were prepared supplemented with Se with total concentration of 1.52 (Se-1.52), 1.93 (Se-1.93), 2.29 (Se-2.29), 2.71 (Se-2.71) and 3.14 (Se-3.14) mg/kg of total Se in the diets and a fishmeal-based control diet without Se supplementation containing 1.15 (Se-1.15) mg/kg of Se was used as control. Experimental diets were fed to the fish of six treatment groups in triplicate twice daily for 8 weeks. Juvenile cobia fed dietary Se of 1.93, 2.29 and 2.71 mg/kg showed increased final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake (FI) than the fish fed the control diet. Se accumulations in the muscle and liver tissue displayed a positive linear relationship with dietary Se levels. Se deficiency was apparent in fish fed the control diet and displayed reduced growth and feed efficiency. Red blood cell (RBC) counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in cobia fed dietary Se between 1.52 to 2.71 mg/kg than the fish fed 3.14-mg/kg Se diet. Glutathione peroxidase activity significantly (P < 0.05) declined in the group fed with control diet compared to fish fed Se-supplemental diet. Juvenile cobia fed the highest Se level (Se-3.14 mg/kg) showed toxic effects in the liver, including histopathological lesions in the liver. Based on the results obtained for FBW, SGR, tissue Se retention and haematological parameters, we conclude that optimal dietary Se requirement for juvenile cobia fed commercial diets is 2.32 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Duc Pham
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
- Institute of Aquaculture, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad A B Siddik
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Ravi Fotedar
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Chau Minh Nguyen
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No.3, 33 Dang Tat, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Ashfaqun Nahar
- Department of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjay K Gupta
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi-834010, Jharkhand, India.
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13
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Raics M, Timári I, Diercks T, Szilágyi L, Gabius H, Kövér KE. Selenoglycosides as Lectin Ligands: 77 Se-Edited CPMG-HSQMBC NMR Spectroscopy To Monitor Biomedically Relevant Interactions. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1688-1692. [PMID: 30828921 PMCID: PMC6618100 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental importance of protein-glycan recognition calls for specific and sensitive high-resolution techniques for their detailed analysis. After the introduction of 19 F NMR spectroscopy to study the recognition of fluorinated glycans, a new 77 Se NMR spectroscopy method is presented for complementary studies of selenoglycans with optimised resolution and sensitivity, in which direct NMR spectroscopy detection on 77 Se is replaced by its indirect observation in a 2D 1 H,77 Se HSQMBC spectrum. In contrast to OH/F substitution, O/Se exchange allows the glycosidic bond to be targeted. As an example, selenodigalactoside recognition by three human galectins and a plant toxin is readily indicated by signal attenuation and line broadening in the 2D 1 H,77 Se HSQMBC spectrum, in which CPMG-INEPT long-range transfer ensures maximal detection sensitivity, clean signal phases, and reliable ligand ranking. By monitoring competitive displacement of a selenated spy ligand, the selective 77 Se NMR spectroscopy approach may also be used to screen non-selenated compounds. Finally, 1 H,77 Se CPMG-INEPT transfer allows further NMR sensors of molecular interaction to be combined with the specificity and resolution of 77 Se NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Raics
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - István Timári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Tammo Diercks
- NMR FacilityCIC bioGUNEBizkaia Technology Park, Bld 80048170DerioSpain
| | - László Szilágyi
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
| | - Hans‐Joachim Gabius
- Tierärztliche Fakultät, Institut für Physiologische ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenVeterinärstrasse 1380539MunichGermany
| | - Katalin E. Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of DebrecenEgyetem tér 14032DebrecenHungary
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Kamal A, Nazari V M, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA, Ahamed MBK, Majid ASA, Bhatti HN. Green synthesis of selenium-N-heterocyclic carbene compounds: Evaluation of antimicrobial and anticancer potential. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103042. [PMID: 31226469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three benzimidazolium salts (III-V) and respective selenium adducts (VI-VIII) were designed, synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques (FT-IR and NMR 1H, 13C). Selected salts and respective selenium N-Heterocyclic carbenes (selenium-NHC) adducts were tested in vitro against Cervical Cancer Cell line (Hela), Breast Adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), Retinal Ganglion Cell line (RGC-5) and Mouse Melanoma Cell line (B16F10) using MTT assay and the results were compared with standard drug 5-Fluorouracil. Se-NHC compounds and azolium salts showed significant anticancer potential. Molecular docking studies of compounds (VI, VII and VIII) showed strong binding energies and ligand affinity toward following angiogenic factors: VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), EGF (human epidermal growth factor), HIF (Hypoxia-inducible factor) and COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) suggesting that the anticancer activity of adducts (VI, VII and VIII) may be due to their strong anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, compounds III-VIII were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Adduct VI was found to be potent anti-fungal agent against A. Niger with zone of inhibition (ZI) value 27.01 ± 0.251 mm which is better than standard drug Clotrimazole tested in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Mansoureh Nazari V
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Pulau Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education (Lahore), Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed
- EMAN Biodiscoveries Sdn. Bhd., A1-4, Lot 5, Persiaran 2/1, Kedah Halal Park, Kawasan Perindustrian Sungai Petani, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
| | | | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
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Chalana A, Karri R, Das R, Kumar B, Rai RK, Saxena H, Gupta A, Banerjee M, Jha KK, Roy G. Copper-Driven Deselenization: A Strategy for Selective Conversion of Copper Ion to Nanozyme and Its Implication for Copper-Related Disorders. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:4766-4776. [PMID: 30644707 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic organic molecules, which can selectively convert excess intracellular copper (Cu) ions to nanozymes with an ability to protect cells from oxidative stress, are highly significant in developing therapeutic agents against Cu-related disorder like Wilson's disease. Here, we report 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 H-benzoimidazole-2-selenone (1), which shows a remarkable ability to remove Cu ion from glutathione, a major cytosolic Cu-binding ligand, and thereafter converts it into copper selenide (CuSe) nanozyme that exhibits remarkable glutathione peroxidase-like activity, at cellular level of H2O2 concentration, with excellent cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in hepatocyte. Cu-driven deselenization of 1, under physiologically relevant conditions, occurred in two steps. The activation of C═Se bond by metal ion is the crucial first step, followed by cleavage of the metal-activated C═Se bond, initiated by the OH group of N-(CH2)2OH substituent through neighboring group participation (deselenization step), resulted in the controlled synthesis of various types of Cu2-xSe nanocrystals (NCs) (nanodisks, nanocubes, and nanosheets) and tetragonal Cu3Se2 NCs, depending upon the oxidation state of the Cu ion used to activate the C═Se bond. Deselenization of 1 is highly metal-selective. Except Cu, other essential metal ions, including Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, or Zn2+, failed to produce metal selenide under identical reaction conditions. Moreover, no significant change in the expression level of Cu-metabolism-related genes, including metallothioneines MT1A, is observed in liver cells co-treated with Cu and 1, as opposed to the large increase in the concentrations of these genes observed in cells treated with Cu alone, suggesting the participation of 1 in Cu homeostasis in hepatocyte.
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Hu T, Liang Y, Zhao G, Wu W, Li H, Guo Y. Selenium Biofortification and Antioxidant Activity in Cordyceps militaris Supplied with Selenate, Selenite, or Selenomethionine. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:553-561. [PMID: 29855849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with multiple functions that may help mitigate adverse health conditions. Cordyceps militaris is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. The experiment was conducted under artificial cultivation, with five Se concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg g-1) and three forms of Se (selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine). C. militaris can absorb inorganic from the substrate and convert it to organic Se compounds (selenocystine, selenomethionine, and an unknown species) in fruiting bodies. Compared with the control treatment, Se applications (40 μg g-1 selenate and selenite) significantly increased the Se concentration in fruiting bodies by 130.9 and 128.1 μg g-1, respectively. The biofortification with selenate and selenite did not affect fruiting body production, in some case, but did enhance the biological efficiency. Moreover, the abundance of cordycepin and adenosine increased, while the amino acid contents remained relatively stable. Meanwhile, Se-biofortified C. militaris showed effective antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Se-biofortified C. militaris fruiting bodies may enhance human and animal health when it was included as part of a healthy diet or used as Se supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Guishen Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Garousi F, Domokos-Szabolcsy É, Jánószky M, Kovács AB, Veres S, Soós Á, Kovács B. Selenoamino Acid-Enriched Green Pea as a Value-Added Plant Protein Source for Humans and Livestock. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2017; 72:168-175. [PMID: 28353095 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency in various degrees affects around 15% of the world's population, contributing to a variety of health problems. In this study, we examined the accumulation and biotransformation of soil applied Se-supplementation (sodium selenite and sodium selenate forms) at different concentrations, along with growth and yield formation of green pea, in a greenhouse experiment. Biotransformation of inorganic Se was evaluated using HPLC-ICP-MS for Se-species separation in the above ground parts of green pea. Results showed 3 mg kg-1 SeIV increased green pea growth biomarkers and also caused an increase in protein content in leaves by 17%. Selenomethionine represented 65% of the total selenium content in shoots, but was lower in pods and seeds (54 and 38%, respectively). Selenomethionine was the major species in all plant parts and the only organic selenium form in the lower SeIV concentration range. Elevating the dose of SeIV (≥30 mg kg-1) triggered detrimental effects on growth and protein content and caused higher accumulation of inorganic Se in forms of SeVI and SeIV. Selenocysteine, another organic form of proteinogenic amino acid, was determined when SeIV (≥10 mg kg-1) was applied in higher concentrations. Thus, agronomic biofortification using the appropriate chemical form and concentration of Se will have positive effects on green pea growth and its enriched shoots and seeds provide a value-added protein source for livestock and humans with significant increased selenomethionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Garousi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Éva Domokos-Szabolcsy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Mihály Jánószky
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balláné Kovács
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Agrochemistry and Soil Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veres
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Crop Sciences, Department of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Áron Soós
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Béla Kovács
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi str. 138, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
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Plancarte A, Nava G, Munguía JA. A new thioredoxin reductase with additional glutathione reductase activity in Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2017; 177:82-92. [PMID: 28456691 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report, herein, the purification to homogeneity and the biochemical and kinetic characterization of HcTrxR3, a new isoform of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) from Haemonchus contortus. HcTrxR3 was found to have a relative molecular weight of 134,000, while the corresponding value per subunit obtained under denaturing conditions, was of 67,000. By peptide mass spectrophotometric analysis, HcTrxR3 was determined to have 99% identity with the H. contortus HcTrxR1 although, and most importantly, they are different in their amino acid sequence in two amino acid positions: 48 (isoleucine instead of leucine) and 460 (leucine instead of proline). The enzyme catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of DTNB and, unexpectedly, it follows the pattern of glutathione reductases (GR) performing the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione using NADPH as the reducing cofactor. Hence, it is important to highlight this enzyme's new and unexpected condition that makes so special and one our main finding. Enzyme Kcat values for DTNB, GSSG and NADPH were 12, 3 and 8 s-1, respectively. HcTrxR3 developed, into specific TrxR substrates: ebselen and sodium selenite, with activity at 0.5 and 0.068 (U/mg), respectively; and 0.044 (U/mg) for S-nitrosoglutathione through its GR activity. The enzyme was inhibited by gold compound auranofin (AU), a selective inhibitor of thiol-dependent flavoreductases. Although HcTrxR3 has both TrxR and GR activity as thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) does, it is a TrxR because it has no glutaredoxin domain and it does not develop any hysteretic behavior as does TGR. The importance of this new enzyme is potential to further clarify the detoxification and haemostasis redox mechanism in H. contortus. Likewise, this enzyme could also be a protein model to recognize more differences between TrxR and GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Plancarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Nava
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Javier A Munguía
- Departamento de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 85000 Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
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Lynch SJ, Horgan KA, White B, Walls D. Selenium Source Impacts Protection of Porcine Jejunal Epithelial Cells from Cadmium-Induced DNA Damage, with Maximum Protection Exhibited with Yeast-Derived Selenium Compounds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:311-320. [PMID: 27561293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is found in inorganic and organic forms, both of which are commonly used in animal feed supplements. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the chemical form of Se on its associated ameliorative effects on cadmium (Cd)-induced DNA damage in a porcine model. At a cellular level, Cd mediates free oxygen radical production leading in particular to DNA damage, with consequential mutagenesis and inhibition of DNA replication. In this study, porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-incubated for 48 h with one of Se-yeast (Sel-Plex), selenomethionine (Se-M), sodium selenite (Se-Ni) or sodium selenate (Se-Na). The effects of this supplementation on cell viability and DNA damage following cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure were subsequently evaluated. IPEC-J2 cells were cultivated throughout in medium supplemented with porcine serum to generate a superior model that recapitulated the porcine gut epithelium. The results illustrated that Se antioxidant effects were both composition- and dose-dependent as evident from cell viability (Alamar Blue and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester) and DNA damage assays (Comet and TUNEL). Both the Se-yeast and Se-M organic species, when used at the European Food Safety Authority guideline levels, had a protective effect against Cd-induced DNA damage in the IPEC-J2 model system whereas for inorganic Se-Ni and Se-Na sources no protective effects were observed and in fact these were shown to enhance the negative effects of Cd-induced DNA damage. It can be concluded that nutritional supplementation with organoselenium may protect porcine gut integrity from damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Lynch
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Blanaid White
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Payne NC, Geissler A, Button A, Sasuclark AR, Schroll AL, Ruggles EL, Gladyshev VN, Hondal RJ. Comparison of the redox chemistry of sulfur- and selenium-containing analogs of uracil. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 104:249-261. [PMID: 28108278 PMCID: PMC5328918 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is present in proteins in the form of selenocysteine, where this amino acid serves catalytic oxidoreductase functions. The use of selenocysteine in nature is strongly associated with redox catalysis. However, selenium is also found in a 2-selenouridine moiety at the wobble position of tRNAGlu, tRNAGln and tRNALys. It is thought that the modifications of the wobble position of the tRNA improves the selectivity of the codon-anticodon pair as a result of the physico-chemical changes that result from substitution of sulfur and selenium for oxygen. Both selenocysteine and 2-selenouridine have widespread analogs, cysteine and thiouridine, where sulfur is used instead. To examine the role of selenium in 2-selenouridine, we comparatively analyzed the oxidation reactions of sulfur-containing 2-thiouracil-5-carboxylic acid (s2c5Ura) and its selenium analog 2-selenouracil-5-carboxylic acid (se2c5Ura) using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 77Se-NMR spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Treatment of s2c5Ura with hydrogen peroxide led to oxidized intermediates, followed by irreversible desulfurization to form uracil-5-carboxylic acid (c5Ura). In contrast, se2c5Ura oxidation resulted in a diselenide intermediate, followed by conversion to the seleninic acid, both of which could be readily reduced by ascorbate and glutathione. Glutathione and ascorbate only minimally prevented desulfurization of s2c5Ura, whereas very little deselenization of se2c5Ura occurred in the presence of the same antioxidants. In addition, se2c5Ura but not s2c5Ura showed glutathione peroxidase activity, further suggesting that oxidation of se2c5Ura is readily reversible, while oxidation of s2c5Ura is not. The results of the study of these model nucleobases suggest that the use of 2-selenouridine is related to resistance to oxidative inactivation that otherwise characterizes 2-thiouridine. As the use of selenocysteine in proteins also confers resistance to oxidation, our findings suggest a common mechanism for the use of selenium in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Connor Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Andrew Geissler
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Aileen Button
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Alexandru R Sasuclark
- Department of Chemistry, St. Michael's College, 1 Winooski Park, Colchester, VT 05439, United States
| | - Alayne L Schroll
- Department of Chemistry, St. Michael's College, 1 Winooski Park, Colchester, VT 05439, United States
| | - Erik L Ruggles
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room B413, Burlington, VT 05405, United States.
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21
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Rzymski P, Mleczek M, Niedzielski P, Siwulski M, Gąsecka M. Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus enriched with selenium, zinc and copper. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:923-928. [PMID: 27218432 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) is an important culinary and medicinal species of worldwide importance. The present study investigated for the first time whether it may be grown on substrates supplemented with Se alone or in combination with Cu and/or Zn (0.1-0.8 mmol L-1 ) to produce fruiting bodies of increased nutritional value. RESULTS As found, substrate supplementation did not affect yielded biomass up to 0.6 mmol L-1 element concentrations regardless of the cultivation model. At 0.8 mmol L-1 Se + Cu and Se + Zn supplementation biomass comparable with controls still developed. The accumulation of trace elements in the fruiting bodies generally increased over the concentration gradient reaching its maximum at 0.6 mmol L-1 (for Se + Zn and Se + Cu + Zn) and 0.8 mmol L-1 (for Se and Se + Cu). The organic Se constituted the greatest share in total Se quota. As calculated, each 10 g of dried fruiting bodies of A. bisporus obtained from 0.6 or 0.8 mmol L-1 supplementation would represent 342-469% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Se, 43.4-48.5% for Cu and 5.2-5.8% for Zn. CONCLUSION Considering inexpensive methods of A. bisporus cultivation, global popularity and use of this mushroom, its biofortification with Se, Cu and Zn could have a practical application in deficiency prevention and assisted treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Marek Siwulski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Gąsecka
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Poznań, Poland
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Richard G, Guérard F, Corporeau C, Lambert C, Paillard C, Pernet F. Metabolic responses of clam Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to its pathogen Vibrio tapetis in relation to diet. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 60:96-107. [PMID: 26921670 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of brown ring disease (BRD) development and algal diet on energy reserves and activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, antioxidant system and immunity in Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. We found that algal diet did not impact the metabolic response of clams exposed to Vibrio tapetis. At two days post-injection (dpi), activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased whereas activities of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and catalase increased in infected clams, although no clinical signs were visible (BRD-). At 7 dpi, activities of several antioxidant and immune-related enzymes were markedly increased in BRD-likely indicating an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging compared to animals which developed clinical signs of BRD (BRD+). Therefore, resistance to BRD clinical signs appearance was associated with higher detoxification of ROS and enhancement of immune response. This study provides new biochemical indicators of disease resistance and a more comprehensive view of the global antioxidant response of clam to BRD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Richard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Fabienne Guérard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Charlotte Corporeau
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER, LEMAR - IUEM - UBO, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest-Iroise - Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Fabrice Pernet
- Ifremer, UMR 6539 LEMAR (CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer), Technopôle Brest-Iroise CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Sase S, Kakimoto R, Kimura R, Goto K. Synthesis of a Stable Primary-Alkyl-Substituted Selenenyl Iodide and Its Hydrolytic Conversion to the Corresponding Selenenic Acid. Molecules 2015; 20:21415-20. [PMID: 26633336 PMCID: PMC6331843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary-alkyl-substituted selenenyl iodide was successfully synthesized through oxidative iodination of a selenol with N-iodosuccinimide by taking advantage of a cavity-shaped steric protection group. The selenenyl iodide exhibited high thermal stability and remained unchanged upon heating at 100 °C for 3 h in [D8]toluene. The selenenyl iodide was reduced to the corresponding selenol by treatment with dithiothreitol. Hydrolysis of the selenenyl iodide under alkaline conditions afforded the corresponding selenenic acid almost quantitatively, corroborating the chemical validity of the recent proposal that hydrolysis of a selenenyl iodide to a selenenic acid is potentially involved in the catalytic mechanism of an iodothyronine deiodinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Sase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Ryo Kakimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Ryutaro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
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Achibat H, AlOmari NA, Messina F, Sancineto L, Khouili M, Santi C. Organoselenium Compounds as Phytochemicals from the Natural Kingdom. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1885-1892. [PMID: 26749817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is naturally present in soils but it is also produced by pollution from human activities into the environment. Its incorporation into plants affords organoselenium metabolites that, depending on the nature of the molecules and the plant species, can be incorporated into proteins, stored or eliminated by volatilization. The possibility to use the selenium metabolism of some plants as a method for bioremediation and, at the main time, as a source of selenated phytochemicals is here discussed taking into consideration the growing interest in organic selenium derivatives as new potential therapeutic agents.
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25
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McNeil NMR, McDonnell C, Hambrook M, Back TG. Oxidation of Disulfides to Thiolsulfinates with Hydrogen Peroxide and a Cyclic Seleninate Ester Catalyst. Molecules 2015; 20:10748-62. [PMID: 26111166 PMCID: PMC6272456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic seleninate esters function as mimetics of the antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase. They catalyze the reduction of harmful peroxides with thiols, which are converted to disulfides in the process. The possibility that the seleninate esters could also catalyze the further oxidation of disulfides to thiolsulfinates and other overoxidation products under these conditions was investigated. This has ramifications in potential medicinal applications of seleninate esters because of the possibility of catalyzing the unwanted oxidation of disulfide-containing spectator peptides and proteins. A variety of aryl and alkyl disulfides underwent facile oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic benzo-1,2-oxaselenolane Se-oxide affording the corresponding thiolsulfinates as the principal products. Unsymmetrical disulfides typically afforded mixtures of regioisomers. Lipoic acid and N,N′-dibenzoylcystine dimethyl ester were oxidized readily under similar conditions. Although isolated yields of the product thiolsulfinates were generally modest, these experiments demonstrate that the method nevertheless has preparative value because of its mild conditions. The results also confirm the possibility that cyclic seleninate esters could catalyze the further undesired oxidation of disulfides in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M R McNeil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Ciara McDonnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Miranda Hambrook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Thomas G Back
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Tobe T, Ueda K, Ando M, Okamoto Y, Kojima N. Thiol-mediated multiple mechanisms centered on selenodiglutathione determine selenium cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:687-94. [PMID: 25783495 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential antioxidative micronutrient but can exert cancer-selective cytotoxicity if the nutritional levels are too high. Selenodiglutathione (GSSeSG) is a primary Se metabolite conjugated with two glutathione (GSH) moieties. GSSeSG has been suggested to be an important molecule for cytotoxicity. Here, we propose the underlying mechanisms for the potent cytotoxicity of GSSeSG: cellular intake; reductive metabolism; production of reactive oxygen species; oxidative damage to DNA; apoptosis induction. GSSeSG rather than selenite decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis accompanied by increases in intracellular Se contents. Therefore, GSSeSG-specific cytotoxicity may be ascribed to its preferable incorporation. Base oxidation and strand fragmentation in genomic DNA preceded cell death, suggesting that oxidative stress (including DNA damage) is crucial for GSSeSG cytotoxicity. Strand breaks of purified DNA were caused by the coexistence of GSSeSG and thiols (GSH, cysteine, homocysteine), but not the oxidized form or non-thiol reductants. This implies the important role of intracellular thiols in the mechanism of Se toxicity. GSH-assisted DNA strand breaks were inhibited by specific scavengers for hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals. The GSSeSG metabolite selenide induced some DNA strand breaks without GSH, whereas elemental Se did so only with GSH. These observations suggest involvement of Fenton-type reaction in the absence of transition metals and reactivation of inert elemental Se. Overall, our results suggest that chemical interactions between Se and the sulfur of thiols are crucial for the toxicity mechanisms of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tobe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
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27
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Kristan U, Planinšek P, Benedik L, Falnoga I, Stibilj V. Polonium-210 and selenium in tissues and tissue extracts of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Gulf of Trieste). Chemosphere 2015; 119:231-241. [PMID: 25016556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms such as mussels and fish take up polonium (Po) and selenium (Se), and distribute them into different cellular components and compartments. Due to its high radiotoxicity and possible biomagnification across the marine food chain Po-210 is potentially hazardous, while selenium is an essential trace element for humans and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the presence and extractability of the elements in the mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis collected in the Gulf of Trieste. The levels of Po-210 in the samples ranged from 220 to 400 Bq kg(-1) and of Se from 2.6 to 8.2 mg kg(-1), both on a dry matter basis. Using various extraction types and conditions in water, buffer or enzymatic media, the best extractability was obtained with enzymatic extraction (Protease XIV, 1h shaking at 40 °C) and the worst by water extraction (24 h shaking at 37 °C). 90% of Po-210 and 70% of Se was extractable in the first case versus less than 10% of Po-210 and less than 40% of Se in the second. Such evident differences in extractability between the investigated elements point to different metabolic pathways of the two elements. In enzymatic extracts Se speciation revealed three Se compounds (SeCys2, SeMet, one undefined), while Po-210 levels were too low to allow any conclusions about speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urška Kristan
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Planinšek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ljudmila Benedik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vekoslava Stibilj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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28
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Alford ÉR, Lindblom SD, Pittarello M, Freeman JL, Fakra SC, Marcus MA, Broeckling C, Pilon-Smits EAH, Paschke MW. Roles of rhizobial symbionts in selenium hyperaccumulation in Astragalus (Fabaceae). Am J Bot 2014; 101:1895-905. [PMID: 25366855 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Are there dimensions of symbiotic root interactions that are overlooked because plant mineral nutrition is the foundation and, perhaps too often, the sole explanation through which we view these relationships? In this paper we investigate how the root nodule symbiosis in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus species influences plant selenium (Se) accumulation. METHODS In greenhouse studies, Se was added to nodulated and nonnodulated hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus plants, followed by investigation of nitrogen (N)-Se relationships. Selenium speciation was also investigated, using x-ray microprobe analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). KEY RESULTS Nodulation enhanced biomass production and Se to S ratio in both hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plants. The hyperaccumulator contained more Se when nodulated, while the nonaccumulator contained less S when nodulated. Shoot [Se] was positively correlated with shoot N in Se-hyperaccumulator species, but not in nonhyperaccumulator species. The x-ray microprobe analysis showed that hyperaccumulators contain significantly higher amounts of organic Se than nonhyperaccumulators. LC-MS of A. bisulcatus leaves revealed that nodulated plants contained more γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine (γ-Glu-MeSeCys) than nonnodulated plants, while MeSeCys levels were similar. CONCLUSIONS Root nodule mutualism positively affects Se hyperaccumulation in Astragalus. The microbial N supply particularly appears to contribute glutamate for the formation of γ-Glu-MeSeCys. Our results provide insight into the significance of symbiotic interactions in plant adaptation to edaphic conditions. Specifically, our findings illustrate that the importance of these relationships are not limited to alleviating macronutrient deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élan R Alford
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Stormy D Lindblom
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Marco Pittarello
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - John L Freeman
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Sirine C Fakra
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
| | - Matthew A Marcus
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 USA
| | - Corey Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Elizabeth A H Pilon-Smits
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Mark W Paschke
- Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA
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Wrobel JK, Choi JJ, Xiao R, Eum SY, Kwiatkowski S, Wolff G, Spangler L, Power RF, Toborek M. Selenoglycoproteins attenuate adhesion of tumor cells to the brain microvascular endothelium via a process involving NF-κB activation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:120-9. [PMID: 25465156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-containing compounds and selenized yeast have anticancer properties. In order to address possible mechanisms involved in these effects, selenoglycoproteins (SGPs) were extracted from selenium-enriched yeast at pH 4.0 and 6.5 (the fractions are called SGP40 and SGP65, respectively), followed by evaluation of their impact on the interactions of lung and breast tumor cells with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). Extracted SGPs, especially SGP40, significantly inhibited adhesion of tumor cells to HBMECs and their transendothelial migration. Because the active components of SGPs are unknown, small selenium-containing compounds [leucyl-valyl-selenomethionyl-arginine (LVSe-MR) and methylselenoadenosine (M-Se-A)], which are normally present in selenized yeast, were introduced as additional treatment groups. Treatment of HBMECs with SGP40, LVSe-MR and M-Se-A induced changes in gene signatures, which suggested a central involvement of nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent pathway. These observations were confirmed in the subsequent analysis of NF-κB DNA binding activity, quantitative measurements of the expression of selected genes and proteins, and tumor cell adhesion assay with a specific NF-κB inhibitor as the additional treatment factor. These findings indicate that specific organic selenium-containing compounds have the ability to inhibit tumor cell adhesion to brain endothelial cells via down-regulation of NF-κB. SGPs appear to be more effective than small selenium-containing compounds, suggesting the role of not only selenium but also the glycoprotein component in the observed protective impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda K Wrobel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jeong June Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rijin Xiao
- Nutrigenomics Research Center, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Sung Yong Eum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Wolff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Leya Spangler
- Nutrigenomics Research Center, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Ronan F Power
- Nutrigenomics Research Center, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.
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Franz ED, Wiramanaden CIE, Gallego-Gallegos M, Tse JJ, Phibbs J, Janz DM, Pickering IJ, Liber K. An in situ assessment of selenium bioaccumulation from water-, sediment-, and dietary-exposure pathways using caged Chironomus dilutus larvae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013; 32:2836-2848. [PMID: 23996699 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An in situ caging study was conducted downstream of a metal mine in northern Canada to determine the significance of surface water versus sediment exposure on selenium (Se) bioaccumulation in the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. Laboratory-reared C. dilutus larvae were exposed to either site-specific whole-sediment and surface water or surface water only for 10 d at sites with differing sediment and Se characteristics. Results showed elevated whole-body Se concentrations in C. dilutus larvae when exposed to sediment and water, compared with larvae exposed to Se in the surface water only at concentrations ranging from <1 µg Se/L to 12 µg Se/L. In response to these findings, a second in situ experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of dietary Se (biofilm and detritus) versus whole-sediment-exposure pathways. Larvae exposed to sediment detritus had the highest Se concentrations after 10 d of exposure (15.6 ± 1.9 µg/g dry wt) compared with larvae exposed to whole-sediment (12.9 ± 1.7 µg/g dry wt) or biofilm (9.9 ± 1.6 µg/g dry wt). Detritus and biofilm appear to be enriched sources of organic Se, which are more bioaccumulative than inorganic Se. Midge larvae from the reference treatment contained elevated concentrations of diselenides (i.e., selenocystine), while larvae from the biofilm treatment had the highest concentrations of selenomethionine-like compounds, which may be a biomarker of elevated Se exposures derived from anthropogenic sources. Whenever possible, Se concentrations in the organic fraction of sediment should be measured separately from whole-sediment Se and used for more accurate ecological risk assessments of potential Se impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Franz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Jackson MI, Lunøe K, Gabel-Jensen C, Gammelgaard B, Combs GF. Metabolism of selenite to selenosugar and trimethylselenonium in vivo: tissue dependency and requirement for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:2023-30. [PMID: 24139672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent transmethylation and methylation capacity feature in diseases related to obesity or aging, and selenium (Se) metabolism is altered in these states. We tested the hypothesis that SAM metabolism is required for methylation and excretion of Se in a rat model. Four hours after selenite and periodate-oxidized adenosine (POA; an inhibitor of SAM metabolism) were administered, circulating markers of single-carbon status were unchanged, except for decreased circulating phosphatidylcholine (P<.05). In contrast, liver and kidney SAM and S-adenosylhomocysteine were elevated (P<.05 for all). Concentrations of total Se were significantly elevated in both liver (P<.001) and kidney (P<.01), however the degree of accumulation in liver was significantly greater than that of kidney (P<.05). Red blood cell Se levels were decreased (P=.01). Trimethylselenonium levels were decreased in liver and kidney (P=.001 for both tissues) and Se-methyl-N-acetylselenohexosamine selenosugar was decreased in liver (P=.001). Urinary output of both trimethylselenonium (P=.001) and selenosugar (P=.01) was decreased as well. Trimethylselenonium production is more inhibited by POA than is selenosugar production (P<.05). This work indicates that low molecular weight Se metabolism requires SAM-dependent methylation, and disrupting the conversion of SAM to S-adenosylhomocysteine prevents conversion of selenite and intermediate metabolites to final excretory forms, suggesting implications for selenium supplementation under conditions where transmethylation is suboptimal, such as in the case of obese or aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Jackson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center; ARS-USDA, North Dakota, USA.
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Kikkert J, Berkelaar E. Plant uptake and translocation of inorganic and organic forms of selenium. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2013; 65:458-65. [PMID: 23793939 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-013-9926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) plays a role in human health: It is an essential trace element but can be toxic if too much is consumed. The aim of this study was to determine which species of Se are most rapidly taken up and translocated to above-ground plant tissues. Specifically, we wished to determine if organic forms of Se in an exposure solution can contribute to the amount of Se found in shoot tissue. Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) and spring canola (Brassica napus) were grown hydroponically, and young seedlings were exposed to 0.5 or 5.0 μM Se as selenate, selenite, seleno-methionione, or seleno-cystine for ≤300 min. Canola accumulated more Se than wheat, although the difference depended on Se speciation of the exposure solution. Organic forms of Se were taken up at a greater rate than inorganic forms. When exposed to 5.0 μM Se, the rate of uptake of selenite was 1.5- (canola) or 5-fold (wheat) greater than the rate of uptake of selenate, whereas seleno-methionine was taken up 40- (canola) or 100-fold (wheat) faster and seleno-cystine 2- (wheat) to 20-fold (canola) faster. Plants exposed to seleno-methionine had the highest shoot concentrations of Se even though selenate was more mobile once taken up; in plants exposed to selenate >50% of accumulated Se was translocated to shoot tissue. Because organic forms of Se (especially seleno-methionine) can be readily taken up and translocated to above-ground tissues of wheat and canola, these Se species should be considered when attempting to predict Se accumulation in above-ground plant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kikkert
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Huang JC, Suárez MC, Yang SI, Lin ZQ, Terry N. Development of a constructed wetland water treatment system for selenium removal: incorporation of an algal treatment component. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:10518-10525. [PMID: 23947942 DOI: 10.1021/es4015629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the fact that algae have the ability to volatilize substantial quantities of selenium (Se), we investigated the concept of including an algal pretreatment unit into a constructed wetland system for the removal of Se from river water entering the Salton Sea. Of six different algal strains tested, the most effective in terms of Se volatilization and Se removal from the water column was a Chlorella vulgaris strain (designated Cv). Cv removed 96% of Se (supplied as selenate) from the microcosm water column within 72 h, with up to 61% being removed by volatilization to the atmosphere. X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that the major forms of Se likely to be accumulated in an algal-wetland system are selenomethionine, a precursor of volatile Se formation, and elemental Se. Our results suggest that the inclusion of an algal pretreatment unit within a constructed wetland water treatment system should not only enhance the efficiency of Se removal but also significantly reduce the risk of the buildup of ecotoxic forms of Se by promoting the biological volatilization of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chen Huang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-3102, United States
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Mouithys-Mickalad Mareque A, Faez JM, Chistiaens L, Kohnen S, Deby C, Hoebeke M, Lamy M, Deby-Dupont G. In vitroevaluation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity and antioxidant properties of some Ebselen analogues. Redox Rep 2013; 9:81-7. [PMID: 15231062 DOI: 10.1179/135100004225004788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four analogues of Ebselen were synthesized and their glutathione peroxidase activity and antioxidant property evaluated and compared to Ebselen. Among the studied compounds, only diselenide [3] exhibited both glutathione peroxidase activity and radical-scavenging capability. Compounds [3] and [4] showed a strong inhibitory effect (53% and 43%, respectively) on the lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid compared to Ebselen and selenide derivatives ([1] and [2]) which were less active (28%, 26% and 18% inhibition, respectively). A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect was also found in the model of the formation of ABTS*+ radical cation: 65% and 89% inhibition for compound [3] at 10(-4) M and 5 x 10(-5) M, respectively, and 68% and 90% for compound [4], compared to 14% and 52% inhibition for Ebselen and the diselenides [1] and [2] (29%, 46% and 45%, 68%, respectively). By EPR spin trapping technique, the following inhibitory profile of the Ebselen analogues was observed towards the formation of thiyl radicals: Ebselen = [3]>[1]>[2]>[4]. Studies with compound [3] are in progress on oxidative stress cell models.
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Maseko T, Callahan DL, Dunshea FR, Doronila A, Kolev SD, Ng K. Chemical characterisation and speciation of organic selenium in cultivated selenium-enriched Agaricus bisporus. Food Chem 2013; 141:3681-7. [PMID: 23993536 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selenium concentration in Agaricus bisporus cultivated in growth compost irrigated with sodium selenite solution increased by 28- and 43-fold compared to the control mushroom irrigated solely with water. Selenium contents of mushroom proteins increased from 13.8 to 60.1 and 14.1 to 137 μgSe/g in caps and stalks from control and selenised mushrooms, respectively. Selenocystine (SeCys; detected as [SeCys]2 dimer), selenomethionine (SeMet), and methyl-selenocysteine (MeSeCys) were separated, identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry from water solubilised and acetone precipitated proteins, and significant increases were observed for the selenised mushrooms. The maximum selenoamino acids concentration in caps and stalks of control/selenised mushrooms was 4.16/9.65 μg/g dried weight (DW) for SeCys, 0.08/0.58 μg/g DW for SeMet, and 0.031/0.10 μg/g DW for MeSeCys, respectively. The most notable result was the much higher levels of SeCys accumulated by A. bisporus compared to SeMet and MeSeCys, for both control and selenised A. bisporus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebo Maseko
- Department of Agriculture & Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land & Environment, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Weekley CM, Aitken JB, Finney L, Vogt S, Witting PK, Harris HH. Selenium metabolism in cancer cells: the combined application of XAS and XFM techniques to the problem of selenium speciation in biological systems. Nutrients 2013; 5:1734-56. [PMID: 23698165 PMCID: PMC3708347 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the speciation of selenium in vivo is crucial to understanding the biological activity of this essential element, which is a popular dietary supplement due to its anti-cancer properties. Hyphenated techniques that combine separation and detection methods are traditionally and effectively used in selenium speciation analysis, but require extensive sample preparation that may affect speciation. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption and fluorescence techniques offer an alternative approach to selenium speciation analysis that requires minimal sample preparation. We present a brief summary of some key HPLC-ICP-MS and ESI-MS/MS studies of the speciation of selenium in cells and rat tissues. We review the results of a top-down approach to selenium speciation in human lung cancer cells that aims to link the speciation and distribution of selenium to its biological activity using a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results of this approach highlight the distinct fates of selenomethionine, methylselenocysteine and selenite in terms of their speciation and distribution within cells: organic selenium metabolites were widely distributed throughout the cells, whereas inorganic selenium metabolites were compartmentalized and associated with copper. New data from the XFM mapping of electrophoretically-separated cell lysates show the distribution of selenium in the proteins of selenomethionine-treated cells. Future applications of this top-down approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Weekley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Jade B. Aitken
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Lydia Finney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
- Biosciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA; E-Mails: (L.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Paul K. Witting
- The Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Hugh H. Harris
- School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +61-08-8313-5060; Fax: +61-08-8313-4358
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Kagami T, Narita T, Kuroda M, Notaguchi E, Yamashita M, Sei K, Soda S, Ike M. Effective selenium volatilization under aerobic conditions and recovery from the aqueous phase by Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I. Water Res 2013; 47:1361-8. [PMID: 23270669 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important rare metal and its recovery from waste and wastewater is necessary for its sustainable utilization. Microbial selenium volatilization is suitable for selenium recovery from industrial wastewater because volatile selenium can be recovered in recyclable forms free from other chemicals. We found that Pseudomonas stutzeri NT-I can aerobically transform selenate, selenite, and biogenic elemental selenium into dimethyldiselenide as well as dimethylselenide; these were temporarily accumulated in the aqueous phase and then transferred into the gaseous phase. The rate of selenium volatilization using strain NT-I ranged 6.5-7.6 μmol/L/h in flask experiments and was much higher than the rates reported previously for other microbes. The selenium volatilization rate accelerated to 14 μmol/L/h in a jar fermenter. Furthermore, 82% of the selenium volatilized using strain NT-I was recovered with few impurities within 48 h in a simple gas trap with nitric acid, demonstrating that strain NT-I is a promising biocatalyst for selenium recovery through biovolatilization from the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kagami
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Prigol M, Brüning CA, Martini F, Nogueira CW. Comparative excretion and tissue distribution of selenium in mice and rats following treatment with diphenyl diselenide. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 150:272-7. [PMID: 22692883 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to provide data about in vivo tissue distribution and excretion of diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)₂) in rats and mice through determination of selenium levels in different biological samples. (PhSe)₂ (500 mg/kg, dissolved in canola oil) was administered to animals once a day per oral. After this, mice and rats were housed in metabolic cages (one animal per cage) and urine and feces were collected at specific times after treatment. Three to five animals per group (for each time-point) were anesthetized and blood samples were collected at 0 and 30 min, 24 h, at day 5, 15, and 30 after (PhSe)₂ administration. The plasma and red blood cells were separated. Brain, liver, lungs, kidneys, and adipose tissue were also collected. The determination of selenium levels was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The main results indicate that: (1) urine is an important route of excretion of selenium originated from (PhSe)₂ in mice and rats; (2) a large amount of (PhSe)₂ or some of its metabolites are stored in fat; (3) the content of selenium found in plasma was low; and (4) liver and kidneys are the tissues with high amounts of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Prigol
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus Itaqui, CEP 97.650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
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Fernandes AP, Wallenberg M, Gandin V, Misra S, Tisato F, Marzano C, Rigobello MP, Kumar S, Björnstedt M. Methylselenol formed by spontaneous methylation of selenide is a superior selenium substrate to the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50727. [PMID: 23226364 PMCID: PMC3511371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring selenium compounds like selenite and selenodiglutathione are metabolized to selenide in plants and animals. This highly reactive form of selenium can undergo methylation and form monomethylated and multimethylated species. These redox active selenium metabolites are of particular biological and pharmacological interest since they are potent inducers of apoptosis in cancer cells. The mammalian thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems efficiently reduce selenite and selenodiglutathione to selenide. The reactions are non-stoichiometric aerobically due to redox cycling of selenide with oxygen and thiols. Using LDI-MS, we identified that the addition of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the reactions formed methylselenol. This metabolite was a superior substrate to both the thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems increasing the velocities of the nonstoichiometric redox cycles three-fold. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that the presence of SAM increased the cytotoxicity of selenite and selenodiglutathione, which could neither be explained by altered selenium uptake nor impaired extra-cellular redox environment, previously shown to be highly important to selenite uptake and cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that selenide and SAM react spontaneously forming methylselenol, a highly nucleophilic and cytotoxic agent, with important physiological and pharmacological implications for the highly interesting anticancer effects of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristi P Fernandes
- Division of Pathology F46, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tsivileva OM, Loshchinina EA, Pankratov AN, Burashnikova MM, Yurasov NA, Bylinkina NN, Kazarinov IA, Nikitina VE. Biodegradation of an organoselenium compound to elemental selenium by Lentinula edodes (shiitake) mushroom. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:97-101. [PMID: 22528771 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present paper reports for the first time the transformation of an organic selenium compound into red selenium (Se), which causes the intense red pigmentation of Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom) mycelia. The biotransformation of 1,5-diphenyl-3-selenopentanedione-1,5 (diacetophenonyl selenide, preparation DAPS-25) was studied in liquid- and solid-phase cultures of L. edodes. In liquid culture medium, a red color develops in the mycelium at initial DAPS-25 concentrations equal to or higher than 0.1 mmol/l. The intensity and initiation time of coloration is Se concentration-dependent. Semiquantitative data obtained by physicochemical methods on the extent of Se and acetophenone production suggest that L. edodes is able to absorb and/or destruct this organic Se xenobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Tsivileva
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, 13 Entuziastov Ave., Saratov 410049, Russia.
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Matich AJ, McKenzie MJ, Lill RE, Brummell DA, McGhie TK, Chen RKY, Rowan DD. Selenoglucosinolates and their metabolites produced in Brassica spp. fertilised with sodium selenate. Phytochemistry 2012; 75:140-52. [PMID: 22197453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing glycosides found in many Brassica spp. that are important because their aglycone hydrolysis products protect the plant from herbivores and exhibit anti-cancer properties in humans. Recently, synthetically produced selenium analogues have been shown to be more effective at suppressing cancers than their sulphur counterparts. Although selenium is incorporated into a number of Brassica amino acids and peptides, firm evidence has yet to be presented for the presence of selenium in the glucosinolates and their aglycones in planta. In this study broccoli and cauliflower florets, and roots of forage rape, all obtained from plants treated with sodium selenate, were analysed for the presence of organoselenides. GC-MS analysis of pentane/ether extracts identified six organoselenium compounds including selenium analogues of known myrosinase-derived Brassica volatiles: 4-(methylseleno)butanenitrile, 5-(methylseleno)pentanenitrile, 3-(methylseleno)propylisothiocyanate, 4-(methylseleno)butylisothiocyanate, and 5-(methylseleno)pentylisothiocyanate. LC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts identified three selenoglucosinolates: 3-(methylseleno)propylglucosinolate (glucoselenoiberverin), 4-(methylseleno)butylglucosinolate (glucoselenoerucin), and 5-(methylseleno)pentylglucosinolate (glucoselenoberteroin). LC-MS/MS analysis was used to locate the position of the selenium atom in the selenoglucosinolate and indicates preferential incorporation of selenium via selenomethionine into the methylselenyl moiety rather than into the sulphate or β-thioglucose groups. In forage rape, selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly isothiocyanates), occurred at concentrations up to 10% and 70%, respectively, of their sulphur analogues. In broccoli, concentrations of the selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly nitriles) were up to 60% and 1300%, respectively of their sulphur analogues. These findings indicate the potential for the incorporation of high levels of selenium into Brassica glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Gammelgaard B, Rasmussen LH, Gabel-Jensen C, Steffansen B. Estimating intestinal absorption of inorganic and organic selenium compounds by in vitro flux and biotransformation studies in Caco-2 cells and ICP-MS detection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 145:248-56. [PMID: 21863324 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to compare and estimate absorption and biotransformation of selected selenium compounds by studying their fluxes across Caco-2 cells. Five different selenium compounds, selenomethionine (SeMet), Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), selenate, selenite, and methylseleninic acid (MeSeA), were applied to Caco-2 cells in a concentration of 10 μM, and fluxes in both directions were studied for 2 h. Fluxes of selenite and MeSeA in the presence of excess reduced glutathione (selenite + GSH and MeSeA + GSH) and flux of MeSeA in the presence of excess cysteine (MeSeA + Cys) were also studied. Selenium absorptive and exsorptive fluxes and accumulation in cell cytosol were analyzed by means of flow injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Absorptive flux of SeMet, MeSeCys, and selenate showed values correlating to complete in vivo absorption, while selenite and MeSeA fluxes correlated to poor in vivo absorption. Speciation analysis of cell lysate and donor and receptor solutions by LC-ICP-MS showed limited transformation of all selenium compounds. Extensive transformation as well as significantly increased absorptive flux was observed when co-administering selenite with glutathione compared to administering selenite alone. These observations are possibly due to formation of selenodiglutathione (GS-Se-SG) which may be absorbed differently than selenite. Concomitant application of GSH or cysteine with MeSeA resulted in extensive transformation of MeSeA, including volatile species, whereas no significant increases in fluxes were observed. In summary, the absorption of selenite selenate and the selenoamino acids is considered complete under physiological conditions, but the absorption mechanisms and metabolism of the compounds are different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Gammelgaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Krittaphol W, Wescombe PA, Thomson CD, McDowell A, Tagg JR, Fawcett JP. Metabolism of L-selenomethionine and selenite by probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo studies. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:1358-69. [PMID: 21494803 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since selenium supplements have been shown to undergo biotransformation in the gut, probiotic treatment in combination with selenium supplements may change selenium disposition. We investigated the metabolism of L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenite by probiotic bacteria in vitro and the disposition of selenium after probiotic treatment followed by oral dosing with SeMet and selenite in rats. When SeMet was incubated anaerobically with individual antibiotic-resistant probiotic strains (Streptococcus salivarius K12, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 67B, Lactobacillus acidophilus L10, and Bifidobacterium lactis LAFTI® B94) at 37°C for 24 h, 11-18% was metabolized with 44-80% of SeMet lost being converted to dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) and dimethylselenide (DMSe). In similar incubations with selenite, metabolism was more extensive (26-100%) particularly by the lactobacilli with 0-4.8% of selenite lost being converted to DMSe and DMDSe accompanied by the formation of elemental selenium. Four groups of rats (n = 5/group) received a single oral dose of either SeMet or selenite (2 mg selenium/kg) at the time of the last dose of a probiotic mixture or its vehicle (lyoprotectant mixture used to maintain cell viability) administered every 12 h for 3 days. Another three groups of rats (n = 3/group) received a single oral dose of saline or SeMet or selenite at the same dose (untreated rats). Serum selenium concentrations over the subsequent 24 h were not significantly different between probiotic and vehicle treated rats but appeared to be more sustained (SeMet) or higher (selenite) than in the corresponding groups of untreated rats. Probiotic treated rats given SeMet also had selenium concentrations at 24 h that were significantly higher in liver and lower in kidney than untreated rats given SeMet. Thus, treatment with probiotics followed by SeMet significantly affects tissue levels of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woravimol Krittaphol
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Brummell DA, Watson LM, Pathirana R, Joyce NI, West PJ, Hunter DA, McKenzie MJ. Biofortification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit with the anticancer compound methylselenocysteine using a selenocysteine methyltransferase from a selenium hyperaccumulator. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10987-94. [PMID: 21942920 DOI: 10.1021/jf202583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) is an amino acid derivative that possesses potent anticancer activity in animals. Plants that can tolerate growth on soils with high Se content, known as Se hyperaccumulators, do so by converting inorganic Se to MeSeCys by the enzyme selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT). A cDNA encoding the SMT from a Se hyperaccumulator was overexpressed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Transgenic plants were provided with selenite or selenate to the roots during fruit development, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to show that MeSeCys accumulated in the fruit but not in the leaves. Depending on the transgenic line and Se treatment, up to 16% of the total Se in the fruit was present as MeSeCys. MeSeCys was produced more effectively from selenite on a percentage conversion basis, but greater accumulation of MeSeCys could be achieved from selenate due to its better translocation from the roots. MeSeCys was heat stable and survived processing of the fruit to tomato juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Food Industry Science Centre, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Wilson BA, Wang H, Nacev BA, Mease RC, Liu JO, Pomper MG, Isaacs WB. High-throughput screen identifies novel inhibitors of cancer biomarker α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR/P504S). Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:825-38. [PMID: 21441411 PMCID: PMC3423201 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) is a metabolic enzyme whose overexpression has been shown to be a diagnostic indicator of prostatic adenocarcinoma and other solid tumors. Here, we confirm that attenuation of AMACR expression diminishes the growth of prostate cancer cell lines by using stably expressed short-hairpin RNA constructs. This observation strongly suggests that the AMACR enzyme may be a target for therapeutic inhibition in prostate cancer. To this end, we report here a novel assay capable of screening libraries of diverse small molecules for inhibitors of AMACR activity. This assay facilitated the screening of approximately 5,000 unique compounds and the discovery of 7 distinct chemical entities capable of inhibiting AMACR at low micromolar concentrations. The most potent inhibitor discovered is the seleno-organic compound ebselen oxide [inhibitory concentration (IC(50)): 0.80 μmol/L]. The parent compound, ebselen (IC(50): 2.79 μmol/L), is a covalent inactivator of AMACR (K(I)((inact)): 24 μmol/L). Two of the AMACR inhibitors are selectively toxic to prostate cancer cell lines (LAPC4/LNCaP/PC3) that express AMACR compared to a normal prostate fibroblast cell line (WPMY1) that does not express the protein. This report shows the first high-throughput screen for the discovery of novel AMACR inhibitors, characterizes the first nonsubstrate-based inhibitors, and validates that AMACR is a viable chemotherapeutic target in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice A.P. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haofan Wang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benjamin A. Nacev
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ronnie C. Mease
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Kumar BS, Kunwar A, Singh BG, Ahmad A, Priyadarsini KI. Anti-hemolytic and peroxyl radical scavenging activity of organoselenium compounds: an in vitro study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:127-38. [PMID: 20424929 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-containing amino acids, selenocystine (CysSeSeCys), methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), and selenomethionine (SeMet) have been examined for anti-hemolytic and peroxyl radical scavenging ability. Effect of these compounds on membrane lipid peroxidation, release of hemoglobin, and loss of intracellular K(+) ion as a consequence of peroxyl radicals-induced oxidation of human red blood cells were used to evaluate their anti-hemolytic ability. The peroxyl radicals were generated from thermal degradation of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride. Significant delay (t(eff)) was observed in oxidative damage in the presence of the selenium compounds. From the IC(50) values for the inhibition of hemolysis, lipid peroxidation, and K(+) ion leakage, the relative anti-hemolytic ability of the compounds were found to be in the order of CysSeSeCys > MeSeCys > SeMet. The anti-hemolytic abilities of the compounds, when compared with sodium selenite (Na(2)SeO(3)) under identical experimental conditions, were found to be better than Na(2)SeO(3). Relative rate constants estimated for the reaction of MeSeCys and SeMet with peroxyl radicals by competition kinetics using ABTS(2-) as a reference confirmed that all the compounds are efficient peroxyl radical scavengers. Comparison of the GPx-like activity of these compounds, by NADPH-GSH reductase coupled assay, indicated that CysSeSeCys exhibits the highest activity. Based on these results, it is concluded that among the compounds examined, CysSeSeCys, possessing the ability to reduce peroxyl radicals and hydroperoxides showed efficient anti-hemolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Santhosh Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
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Krittaphol W, McDowell A, Thomson CD, Mikov M, Fawcett JP. Biotransformation of L-selenomethionine and selenite in rat gut contents. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 139:188-96. [PMID: 20229173 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
L-selenomethionine (SeMet) and sodium selenite are widely used selenium nutritional supplements with potential benefit in preventing cancer. However, supplementation is not without risks of toxicity if intake is too high. The aim of the present study was to investigate SeMet and selenite metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract with particular focus on the formation of the volatile selenium excretion products, dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe). Adult male Wistar rats (n = 5) were euthanized, their intestinal tracts removed and the contents of jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon used to prepare 10% suspensions in saline. SeMet and selenite (0.5-0.6 mM) were then incubated with these suspensions at 37°C for 3 h. Caecum and colon contents were the most metabolically active towards SeMet with 30% and 15% metabolized over 3 h. DMDSe was the only volatile selenium metabolite detected accounting for 8.7 ± 1.3% of the selenium lost in caecum contents. Selenite was completely metabolized by caecum contents and 73% by colon contents under the same conditions forming DMSe (5.7 ± 0.9% of the selenium lost in caecum) and a precipitate of red amorphous elemental selenium. Based on previous literature and these results, we conclude that the gut microbiota contributes to the excretion of excess selenium through the production of methylated selenium compounds and elemental selenium.
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Sausen de Freitas A, de Souza Prestes A, Wagner C, Haigert Sudati J, Alves D, Oliveira Porciúncula L, Kade IJ, Teixeira Rocha JB. Reduction of diphenyl diselenide and analogs by mammalian thioredoxin reductase is independent of their gluthathione peroxidase-like activity: a possible novel pathway for their antioxidant activity. Molecules 2010; 15:7699-714. [PMID: 21030914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the successful use of the organoselenium drug ebselen in clinical trials for the treatment of neuropathological conditions associated with oxidative stress, there have been concerted efforts geared towards understanding the precise mechanism of action of ebselen and other organoselenium compounds, especially the diorganyl diselenides such as diphenyl diselenide, and its analogs. Although the mechanism of action of ebselen and other organoselenium compounds has been shown to be related to their ability to generally mimic native glutathione peroxidase (GPx), only ebselen however has been shown to serve as a substrate for the mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), demonstrating another component of its pharmacological mechanisms. In fact, there is a dearth of information on the ability of other organoselenium compounds, especially diphenyl diselenide and its analogs, to serve as substrates for the mammalian enzyme thioredoxin reductase. Interestingly, diphenyl diselenide shares several antioxidant and neuroprotective properties with ebselen. Hence in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that diphenyl diselenide and some of its analogs (4,4'-bistrifluoromethyldiphenyl diselenide, 4,4'-bismethoxy-diphenyl diselenide, 4.4'-biscarboxydiphenyl diselenide, 4,4'-bischlorodiphenyl diselenide, 2,4,6,2',4',6'-hexamethyldiphenyl diselenide) could also be substrates for rat hepatic TrxR. Here we show for the first time that diselenides are good substrates for mammalian TrxR, but not necessarily good mimetics of GPx, and vice versa. For instance, bis-methoxydiphenyl diselenide had no GPx activity, whereas it was a good substrate for reduction by TrxR. Our experimental observations indicate a possible dissociation between the two pathways for peroxide degradation (either via substrate for TrxR or as a mimic of GPx). Consequently, the antioxidant activity of diphenyl diselenide and analogs can be attributed to their capacity to be substrates for mammalian TrxR and we therefore conclude that subtle changes in the aryl moiety of diselenides can be used as tool for dissociation of GPx or TrxR pathways as mechanism triggering their antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Sausen de Freitas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria RS, Brazil.
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Plano D, Baquedano Y, Ibáñez E, Jiménez I, Palop JA, Spallholz JE, Sanmartín C. Antioxidant-prooxidant properties of a new organoselenium compound library. Molecules 2010; 15:7292-312. [PMID: 20966875 PMCID: PMC6259179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the biological evaluation of a library of 59 organo-selenium compounds as superoxide (O₂⁻) generators and cytotoxic agents in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) and in breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). In order to corroborate that the biological activity for selenium compounds depends on the chemical form, a broad structural variety is presented. These structures include selenocyanates, diselenides, selenoalkyl functional moieties and eight newly synthesized symmetrically substituted dithioselenites and selenylureas. Eleven of the derivatives tested showed high levels of superoxide generation in vitro via oxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and nine of them were more catalytic than the reference compound, diselenodipropionic acid. Eighteen of the library compounds inhibited cell growth more than or similar to reference chemotherapeutic drugs in PC-3 and eleven were more potent cytotoxic agents than etoposide in the MCF-7 cell line. Considering both parameters (superoxide generation and cell cytotoxicity) compounds B1, C6 and C9 displayed the best therapeutic profiles. Considering that many diselenide compounds can generate superoxide (O₂⁻) in vitro via oxidation of GSH and other thiols, the analogue B1, that contains a diselenide moiety, was selected for a preliminary mechanistic investigation, which revealed that B1 has apoptogenic effects similar to camptothecin mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lymphocytic leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) and affected the MCF-7 cell-cycle in G₂/M and S-phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Plano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ylenia Baquedano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Ibáñez
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iosu Jiménez
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1,E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
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Gammelgaard B, Jackson MI, Gabel-Jensen C. Surveying selenium speciation from soil to cell--forms and transformations. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:1743-63. [PMID: 20953781 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to present and evaluate the present knowledge of which selenium species are available to the general population in the form of food and common supplements and how these species are metabolized in mammals. The overview of the selenium sources takes a horizontal approach, which encompasses identification of new metabolites in yeast and food of plant and animal origin, whereas the survey of the mammalian metabolism takes a horizontal as well as a vertical approach. The vertical approach encompasses studies on dynamic conversions of selenium compounds within cells, tissues or whole organisms. New and improved sample preparation, separation and detection methods are evaluated from an analytical chemical perspective to cover the progress in horizontal speciation, whereas the analytical methods for the vertical speciation and the interpretations of the results are evaluated from a biological angle as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Gammelgaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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