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Yan JJ, Tong ZJ, Liu YY, Li YN, Zhao C, Mukhtar I, Tao YX, Chen BZ, Deng YJ, Xie BG. Comparative Transcriptomics of Flammulina filiformis Suggests a High CO 2 Concentration Inhibits Early Pileus Expansion by Decreasing Cell Division Control Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20235923. [PMID: 31775357 PMCID: PMC6929049 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide is commonly used as one of the significant environmental factors to control pileus expansion during mushroom cultivation. However, the pileus expansion mechanism related to CO2 is still unknown. In this study, the young fruiting bodies of a popular commercial mushroom Flammulina filiformis were cultivated under different CO2 concentrations. In comparison to the low CO2 concentration (0.05%), the pileus expansion rates were significantly lower under a high CO2 concentration (5%). Transcriptome data showed that the up-regulated genes enriched in high CO2 concentration treatments mainly associated with metabolism processes indicated that the cell metabolism processes were active under high CO2 conditions. However, the gene ontology (GO) categories and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways associated with cell division processes contained down-regulated genes at both 12 h and 36 h under a high concentration of CO2. Transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that a high CO2 concentration had an adverse effect on gene expression of the ubiquitin–proteasome system and cell cycle–yeast pathway, which may decrease the cell division ability and exhibit an inhibitory effect on early pileus expansion. Our research reveals the molecular mechanism of inhibition effects on early pileus expansion by elevated CO2, which could provide a theoretical basis for a CO2 management strategy in mushroom cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Yan
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
| | - Zong-Jun Tong
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
| | - Yi-Ning Li
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
| | - Chen Zhao
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
| | - Irum Mukhtar
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yong-Xin Tao
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - You-Jin Deng
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.D.); (B.-G.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8378-9277 (B.-G.X.)
| | - Bao-Gui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; (J.-J.Y.); (Z.-J.T.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Y.-N.L.); (C.Z.); (I.M.); (Y.-X.T.); (B.-Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.D.); (B.-G.X.); Tel.: +86-591-8378-9277 (B.-G.X.)
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Chang J, Chan PL, Xie Y, Ma KL, Cheung MK, Kwan HS. Modified recipe to inhibit fruiting body formation for living fungal biomaterial manufacture. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209812. [PMID: 31083677 PMCID: PMC6513072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Living fungal mycelium with abolished ability to form fruiting bodies is a self-healing substance, which is particularly valuable for further engineering and development as materials sensing environmental changes and secreting signals. Suppression of fruiting body formation is also a useful tool for maintaining the stability of a mycelium-based material with ease and lower cost. The objective of this study was to provide a biochemical solution to regulate the fruiting body formation, which may replace heat killing of mycelium in practice. The concentrations of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors, such as lithium chloride or CHIR99021 trihydrochloride, were found to directly correlate with the development of fruiting bodies in the mushroom forming fungi such as Coprinopsis cinerea and Pleurotus djamor. Sensitive windows to these inhibitors throughout the fungal life cycle were also identified. We suggest the inclusion of GSK-3 inhibitors in the cultivation recipes for inhibiting fruiting body formation and regulating mycelium growth. This is the first report of using a GSK-3 inhibitor to suppress fruiting body formation in living fungal mycelium-based materials. It provides an innovative strategy for easy, reliable, and low cost maintenance of materials containing living fungal mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Chang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Po Lam Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Lee Ma
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Man Kit Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Shan Kwan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Hu T, Liang Y, Zhao G, Wu W, Li H, Guo Y. Selenium Biofortification and Antioxidant Activity in Cordyceps militaris Supplied with Selenate, Selenite, or Selenomethionine. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:553-561. [PMID: 29855849 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1386-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with multiple functions that may help mitigate adverse health conditions. Cordyceps militaris is an edible mushroom with medicinal properties. The experiment was conducted under artificial cultivation, with five Se concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg g-1) and three forms of Se (selenate, selenite, and selenomethionine). C. militaris can absorb inorganic from the substrate and convert it to organic Se compounds (selenocystine, selenomethionine, and an unknown species) in fruiting bodies. Compared with the control treatment, Se applications (40 μg g-1 selenate and selenite) significantly increased the Se concentration in fruiting bodies by 130.9 and 128.1 μg g-1, respectively. The biofortification with selenate and selenite did not affect fruiting body production, in some case, but did enhance the biological efficiency. Moreover, the abundance of cordycepin and adenosine increased, while the amino acid contents remained relatively stable. Meanwhile, Se-biofortified C. militaris showed effective antioxidant activities. These results suggest that Se-biofortified C. militaris fruiting bodies may enhance human and animal health when it was included as part of a healthy diet or used as Se supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Guishen Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenliang Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanbin Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Karimirad R, Behnamian M, Dezhsetan S, Sonnenberg A. Chitosan nanoparticles-loaded Citrus aurantium essential oil: a novel delivery system for preserving the postharvest quality of Agaricus bisporus. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:5112-5119. [PMID: 29635845 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main problems in the button mushroom industry is the rapid deterioration of fruit bodies after harvest. Today, nanotechnology has become a more reliable technique to improve the quality of products in food packaging. In the present study, the effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles containing Citrus aurantium essential oil on postharvest quality of white button mushroom was examined and compared to essential oil fumigation and control treatments. RESULTS Based on high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape of 20-60 nm diameter. The results revealed that the application of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with C. aurantium oil significantly decelerated the rate of color change, weight loss and firmness compared to fumigation with essential oil and control treatments. Treatment of fruit bodies with chitosan nanoparticles loaded with C. aurantium oil promoted the accumulation of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, and resulted in increases in catalase and superoxide dismutase and a decrease in polyphenol oxidase activities, as the highest antioxidant capacity was observed after 15 days of cold storage. CONCLUSION This present research demonstrates that gradual release of C. aurantium essential oil from chitosan nanoparticles could be an effective and practical method for extending the shelf life of white button mushroom up to 15 days without significant decrease in antioxidant capacity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Karimirad
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behnamian
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sara Dezhsetan
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Anton Sonnenberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wang Y, Sun Y, Xiong Z, He K, Feng J, Zhang X. Baseline sensitivity and biochemical responses of Valsa mali to propamidine. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2018; 147:90-95. [PMID: 29933998 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, baseline sensitivity of Valsa mali to propamidine was determined using 80 strains collected from apple orchards in Shaanxi Province, China. The median effective concentration (EC50) values for propamidine inhibiting mycelial growth ranged from 0.086 to 0.852 μg/mL, with a mean of 0.405 ± 0.137 μg/mL. After treated with propamidine, mycelia were contorted with an increased number of branches, loss of fruiting body production, and decreased cell membrane permeability. Moreover, the enzyme activities of the complexes I, II, IV and ATPase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain were increased significantly, while the enzyme activities of complexes III decreased. Importantly, both on detached leaves and branches of apple trees, propamidine applied at 100 μg/mL exhibited over 75% protective and curative efficacies, which were even better than the efficacies obtained by carbendazim at the same concentration. These results indicated that propamidine could be used as an alternative compound in controlling Valsa canker and mitochondrial respiratory chains might be correlated with the action mode of propamidine. This study encourages further investigation for the action mechanism of propamidine against plant pathogens and the information could be valuable for synthesis of new antifungal drugs with novel modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi Xiong
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai He
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticides, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang J, Chen H, Chen M, Wang H, Wang Q, Song X, Hao H, Feng Z. Kojic acid-mediated damage responses induce mycelial regeneration in the basidiomycete Hypsizygus marmoreus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187351. [PMID: 29117227 PMCID: PMC5678884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical damage can induce fruiting body production in fungi. In this study, the antioxidant kojic acid (KA) was found to enhance injured mycelial regeneration and increase fruiting body production in Hypsizygus marmoreus. KA reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are harmful to mycelia when excessively generated by mechanical damage. Moreover, KA increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione and ascorbic acid contents by up-regulating antioxidant gene expression. These results suggest that KA promotes mycelial regeneration in response to damage by activating a “stress signal” and enhances the ability of H. marmoreus to resist oxidative damage by invoking the antioxidant system. In addition, KA increased the content of extracellular ATP, which serves as a “stress signal” in response to injury, and modulated ROS signaling, decreasing NADPH oxidase gene expression and ROS levels in the mycelial-regeneration stage. KA treatment also up-regulated the MAPK, Ca2+ and oxylipin pathways, suggesting their involvement in the damage response. Furthermore, laccase and cellulase activities were stimulated by KA at different developmental stages. These results demonstrate that KA regulates gene expression and activates pathways for mycelial wound healing, regeneration of damaged mycelia and reproductive structure formation in the basidiomycete H. marmoreus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Resources and Application Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (ZF)
| | - Mingjie Chen
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Hao
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, XuanWu District, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Feng
- National Research Center for Edible Fungi Biotechnology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, FengXian District, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, XuanWu District, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (HC); (ZF)
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Economou CN, Diamantopoulou PA, Philippoussis AN. Valorization of spent oyster mushroom substrate and laccase recovery through successive solid state cultivation of Pleurotus, Ganoderma, and Lentinula strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5213-5222. [PMID: 28361237 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus was supplemented with wheat bran and soybean flour in various proportions to obtain C/N ratios of 10, 20, and 30, and their effect was evaluated in successive cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Ganoderma adspersum, Ganoderma resinaceum, and Lentinula edodes strains with respect to mycelium growth rate, biomass concentration, recovery of the enzyme laccase and crude exopolysaccharides, and also with additional fruiting body production. All fungi showed the highest growth rate on unamended SMS (C/N 30), with G. resinaceum being the fastest colonizer (Kr = 9.84 mm day-1), while biomass concentration maximized at C/N 10. Moreover, supplementation affected positively laccase activity, with P. pulmonarius furnishing the highest value (44,363.22 U g-1) at C/N 20. On the contrary, L. edodes growth, fruiting, and laccase secretion were not favored by SMS supplementation. Fruiting body formation was promoted at C/N 30 for Ganoderma and at C/N 20 for Pleurotus species. Exopolysaccharide production of further studied Pleurotus strains was favored at a C/N 20 ratio, at the initial stage of SMS colonization. The obtained results support the potential effective utilization of supplemented SMS for laccase production from Ganoderma spp. and for new fruiting body production of Pleurotus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Economou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, 14123, Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Panagiota A Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, 14123, Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece.
| | - Antonios N Philippoussis
- Laboratory of Edible Fungi, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, 14123, Lykovryssi, Attiki, Greece
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Kikuchi T, Maekawa Y, Tomio A, Masumoto Y, Yamamoto T, In Y, Yamada T, Tanaka R. Six new ergostane-type steroids from king trumpet mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Steroids 2016; 115:9-17. [PMID: 27423395 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Six new ergostane-type steroids; (22E)-3β,5α,6α,11-tetrahydroxy-9(11)-seco-ergosta-7,22-dien-9-one (1), (22E)-8,14-epoxyergosta-6,22-diene-3β,5α,9α-triol (2), (22E)-4α,5α-epoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,6β-diol (3), (22E)-3β,4β,5α-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (4), (22E)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5β,6α-triol (5), and (22E)-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α-diol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of king trumpet mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), along with fourteen known compounds (7-20). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on macrophage activation using a nitric oxide production inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kikuchi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yukina Maekawa
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Arisa Tomio
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yuki Masumoto
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Taishi Yamamoto
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yasuko In
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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Liu H, Guo S, Jiao K, Hou J, Xie H, Xu H. Bioremediation of soils co-contaminated with heavy metals and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol by fruiting body of Clitocybe maxima. J Hazard Mater 2015; 294:121-127. [PMID: 25863026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pot experiments were performed to investigate the single effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (TCP) or heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cu+Cd) and the combined effects of metals-TCP on the growth of Clitocybe maxima together with the accumulation of heavy metals as well as dissipation of TCP. Results showed a negative effect of contaminations on fruiting time and biomass of the mushroom. TCP decreased significantly in soils accounting for 70.66-96.24% of the initial extractable concentration in planted soil and 66.47-91.42% in unplanted soil, which showed that the dissipation of TCP was enhanced with mushroom planting. Higher biological activities (bacterial counts, soil respiration and laccase activity) were detected in planted soils relative to unplanted controls, and the enhanced dissipation of TCP in planted soils might be derived from the increased biological activities. The metals accumulation in mushroom increased with the augment of metal load, and the proportion of acetic acid (HOAc) extractable metal in soils with C. maxima was larger than that in unplanted soils, which may be an explanation of metal uptake by C. maxima. These results suggested that the presence of C. maxima was effective in promoting the bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals and TCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Junjun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Han Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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10
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Jiang J, Qin C, Shu X, Chen R, Song H, Li Q, Xu H. Effects of copper on induction of thiol-compounds and antioxidant enzymes by the fruiting body of Oudemansiella radicata. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 111:60-5. [PMID: 25450915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Oudemansiella radicata has been found to have ability to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. In this study, to know about the metal tolerance and detoxification strategy of O. radicata, the tolerance responses in both cap and stipe of the fruiting body, including the copper content, the changes of thiol compounds production and antioxidant enzymes activities, caused by various copper stress (150-600 mg kg(-1)) during 2-6 days were investigated. Results showed that Cu content in the fruiting bodies increased with the increasing Cu concentrations and growing time, which was higher in cap than that in stipe. For thiols contents, the maximum level was in the sample at 300 mg kg(-1) Cu after 2 d both in cap and stipe, in accordance with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities. Guaicol peroxidase (POD) activities reached maximum at 150 mg kg(-1) Cu after 4 d and 6 d, respectively in cap and stipe, while the maximum of catalase (CAT) activities was recorded at 300 and 600 mg kg(-1) Cu after 4 d in the cap and stipe, respectively. As a whole, low concentration of Cu stimulated the production of thiols and activated the antioxidant enzymes activities in the fruiting body of O. radicata after 2/4 d, while high-level Cu decreased the thiols production and enzymes activities after 4/6 d. Furthermore, the cap was more sensitive than the stipe to Cu exposure. Different indicators showed different responses to copper accumulation and the different fruiting part (cap and stipe) of O. radicata had ability to response the oxidative stress caused by Cu. Considering the metal accumulation and its own detoxification with short growing time, mushroom might have the potential to be used as bio-accumulator to deal with Cu exposure in the Cu-contaminated farmland soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Chuixin Qin
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xueqin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Haihai Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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11
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Abstract
To elucidate the structure-activity relationships of saponin on fruiting body induction in Pleurotus ostreatus, monodesmosidic saponins comprising a triterpenoid and glucose residues were synthesized. Betulin, a triterpenoid present in Birch bark, was used as the aglycon. The fruiting body induction activity increased with the number of glucose residues, from one to four. The most active betulinic saponin was betulin-3-yl beta-D-(4-O-beta-D-maltotriosyl)-glucoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Magae
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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12
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Zhang W, Hu Y, Cao Y, Huang F, Xu H. Tolerance of lead by the fruiting body of Oudemansiella radicata. Chemosphere 2012; 88:467-75. [PMID: 22455951 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the tolerance responses of the fruiting body of Oudemansiella radicata towards different concentrations of lead (250-1000 mg kg(-1)) for 2-6 d. To know about the lead tolerance and detoxification strategy, the lead content, thiol content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were investigated. The maximum level for the lead concentration in O. radicata was recorded in the 6 d sample in each treatment, and for thiols, it was recorded in the 500 mg kg(-1) Pb/2d sample, while for superoxide dismutases (SOD) and catalases (CAT) activities, it was reached at 1000 mg kg(-1) Pb after 2 d in the stipe and cap, respectively. Peroxidases (POD) activities showed a more complex trend and glutathione reductases (GR) reached the maximum at 500 mg kg(-1) Pb after 2 d in the stipe. Overall, the results showed that low concentration lead stimulated the fruiting body of O. radicata to produce the thiols and activate the antioxidant enzymes after 2 d/4 d, while high concentration Pb resulted in the decline/decrease of the thiols and the activities of antioxidant enzymes after 4 d/6 d. Benefiting from the metal accumulation, detoxification potential and the short lifetime, mushroom have the potential for bioaccumulation of heavy metal in polluted farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Education Ministry, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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13
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Szeto CYY, Leung GS, Kwan HS. Le.MAPK and its interacting partner, Le.DRMIP, in fruiting body development in Lentinula edodes. Gene 2007; 393:87-93. [PMID: 17383119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2007.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 01/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Development in shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, is a unique process and studies of the molecular basis of this process may lead to improvement in mushroom cultivation. Previous studies have identified a number of signal transduction genes related to mushroom development, but those genes have not been well characterized. The present work characterized a developmentally regulated MAP kinase, Le.MAPK, and its interaction with a novel gene, Le.DRMIP in the signal transduction pathway. The expression profiles of these two genes reveal their importance in fruiting body initiation and development; the Le.DRMIP transcript is localized predominantly in the developing young fruiting body and gills, which further signifies its role in cell differentiation during mushroom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Y Y Szeto
- Molecular Biotechnology Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR
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14
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Lin X, Huang JC, Mitchell TG, Heitman J. Virulence attributes and hyphal growth of C. neoformans are quantitative traits and the MATalpha allele enhances filamentation. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e187. [PMID: 17112316 PMCID: PMC1636697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal human pathogen with a bipolar mating system. It undergoes a dimorphic transition from a unicellular yeast to hyphal filamentous growth during mating and monokaryotic fruiting. The traditional sexual cycle that leads to the production of infectious basidiospores involves cells of both alpha and a mating type. Monokaryotic fruiting is a modified form of sexual reproduction that involves cells of the same mating type, most commonly alpha, which is the predominant mating type in both the environment and clinical isolates. However, some a isolates can also undergo monokaryotic fruiting. To determine whether mating type and other genetic loci contribute to the differences in fruiting observed between alpha and a cells, we applied quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to an inbred population of F2 progeny. We discovered that variation in hyphal length produced during fruiting is a quantitative trait resulting from the combined effects of multiple genetic loci, including the mating type (MAT) locus. Importantly, the alpha allele of the MAT locus enhanced hyphal growth compared with the a allele. Other virulence traits, including melanization and growth at 39 degrees C, also are quantitative traits that share a common QTL with hyphal growth. The Mac1 transcription factor, encoded in this common QTL, regulates copper homeostasis. MAC1 allelic differences contribute to phenotypic variation, and mac1Delta mutants exhibit defects in filamentation, melanin production, and high temperature growth. Further characterization of these QTL regions will reveal additional quantitative trait genes controlling biological processes central to fungal development and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Lin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Johnny C Huang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas G Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Schmitt MR, Carzaniga R, Cotter HVT, O'Connell R, Hollomon D. Microscopy reveals disease control through novel effects on fungal development: a case study with an early-generation benzophenone fungicide. Pest Manag Sci 2006; 62:383-92. [PMID: 16602068 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The benzophenones are a new class of agricultural fungicides that demonstrate protectant, curative and eradicative/antisporulant activity against powdery mildews. The chemistry is represented in the marketplace by the fungicide metrafenone, recently introduced by BASF and discussed in the following paper. The benzophenones show no evidence of acting by previously identified biochemical mechanisms, nor do they show cross-resistance with existing fungicides. The value of microscopy in elucidating fungicide mode of action is demonstrated through identification of the effects of an early benzophenone, eBZO, on mildew development. eBZO caused profound alterations in the morphology of powdery mildews of both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, affecting multiple stages of fungal development, including spore germination, appressorial formation, penetration, surface hyphal morphology and sporogenesis. Identification of analogous effects of eBZO on sporulation in the model organism Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter provides a unique opportunity to elucidate important morphogenetic regulatory sites in the economically important obligate pathogens, the powdery mildews. Benzophenones provide a further example of the benefits of whole-organism testing in the search for novel fungicide modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Schmitt
- USDA-ARS, Cereal Crops Research Unit, 501 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
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16
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Abstract
This study investigates the potential of emissions from a zinc smelter to induce oxidative damage to DNA and lipids in Boletus edulis, the king bolete. Concentrations of cadmium, zinc, copper, and mercury were determined in 16 fruit bodies collected near the smelter (exposed group), as well as in 15 reference samples. Frequency of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA (a pre-mutagenic DNA base modification) and concentration of lipid hydroperoxides were chosen as damage parameters. Concentrations of the four metals, as well as oxidative damage to DNA and lipids were significantly elevated in the exposed group (Mann-Whitney, P<0.001). Both damage parameters correlated positively with concentrations of cadmium, zinc or copper in fruiting bodies (Spearman's P<0.01). Frequency of AP sites correlated significantly with mercury in the fruit bodies (P<0.05), whereas the association between lipid hydroperoxides and mercury was insignificant. Frequency of AP sites correlated positively with concentration of lipid hydroperoxides (P<0.001). Negative trends for the associations between concentrations of metals and AP sites or lipid hydroperoxides in the reference group (significant only for mercury and lipid hydroperoxides; P<0.05) suggest that in B. edulis low concentrations of mercury, possibly also of other of the metals determined in the present study, may induce dose-response relationships of a hormetic ('J-shaped') nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Collin-Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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17
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Abstract
Amphipathic glucose derivatives 3-O-octyl- and 3-O-decyl-D-glucose were synthesized, and the ability to induce fruit bodies on Pleurotus ostreatus was examined. Surfactants such as CHAPS, CHAPSO, MEGA-8, MEGA-9, and MEGA-10 were also assayed. The result was that both glucose derivatives could stimulate fruiting on P. ostreatus, while none of the surfactants assayed in this study stimulated the fruiting of P. ostreatus. These results suggest that sugar moiety is necessary for amphipathic compounds to work as a fruiting signal for P. ostreatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Magae
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
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18
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Bernardo D, Pérez Cabo A, Novaes-Ledieu M, Pardo J, García Mendoza C. Comparative effect of the fungicide Prochloraz-Mn on Agaricus bisporus vegetative-mycelium and fruit-body cell walls. Int Microbiol 2004; 7:277-81. [PMID: 15666248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides to control mycopathogens of commercial Agaricus bisporus, a mushroom cultivated for human consumption, are a major field of study, since these chemicals are toxic to both the host and its fungal parasites. The fungicide Prochloraz-Mn, used at its LD50 for A. bisporus, partially inhibited protein biosynthesis in the vegetative mycelial cell walls of this mushroom and caused significant changes in cell-wall polysaccharide structure, as deduced by methylation analysis and gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Furthermore, the aggregated mycelial walls showed distinct alterations in their overall chemical composition following the administration of Prochloraz-Mn at the LD50 and the LD50 x1000. As expected, GLC-MS studies indicated that the latter dose caused more appreciable differences in polysaccharide structure. The decrease in mushroom crop yields obtained from industrial cultures treated with Prochloraz-Mn to control V. fungicola infection depended on the dose of the fungicide employed, whereas fruit-body morphology was only slightly affected at the highest Prochloraz-Mn concentration used.
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