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Jo J, Kim JY, Yun JJ, Lee YJ, Jeong YIL. β-Cyclodextrin Nanophotosensitizers for Redox-Sensitive Delivery of Chlorin e6. Molecules 2023; 28:7398. [PMID: 37959817 PMCID: PMC10648776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare redox-sensitive nanophotosensitizers for the targeted delivery of chlorin e6 (Ce6) against cervical cancer. For this purpose, Ce6 was conjugated with β-cyclodextrin (bCD) via a disulfide bond, creating nanophotosensitizers that were fabricated for the redox-sensitive delivery of Ce6 against cancer cells. bCD was treated with succinic anhydride to synthesize succinylated bCD (bCDsu). After that, cystamine was attached to the carboxylic end of bCDsu (bCDsu-ss), and the amine end group of bCDsu-ss was conjugated with Ce6 (bCDsu-ss-Ce6). The chemical composition of bCDsu-ss-Ce6 was confirmed with 1H and 13C NMR spectra. bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers were fabricated by a dialysis procedure. They formed small particles with an average particle size of 152.0 ± 23.2 nm. The Ce6 release rate from the bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers was accelerated by the addition of glutathione (GSH), indicating that the bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have a redox-sensitive photosensitizer delivery capacity. The bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have a low intrinsic cytotoxicity against CCD986Sk human skin fibroblast cells as well as Ce6 alone. However, the bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers showed an improved Ce6 uptake ratio, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and phototoxicity compared to those of Ce6 alone. GSH addition resulted in a higher Ce6 uptake ratio, ROS generation, and phototoxicity than Ce6 alone, indicating that the bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers have a redox-sensitive biological activity in vitro against HeLa human cervical cancer cells. In a tumor xenograft model using HeLa cells, the bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers efficiently accumulated in the tumor rather than in normal organs. In other words, the fluorescence intensity in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that of other organs, while Ce6 alone did not specifically target tumor tissue. These results indicated a higher anticancer activity of bCDsu-ss-Ce6 nanophotosensitizers, as demonstrated by their efficient inhibition of the growth of tumors in an in vivo animal tumor xenograft study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Jo
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.Y.K.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Je-Jung Yun
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Life Sciences, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam 58275, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.Y.K.)
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
- Tyros Biotechnology Inc., 75 Kneeland St. 14 Floors, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Kannampuzha S, Gopalakrishnan AV. Cancer chemoresistance and its mechanisms: Associated molecular factors and its regulatory role. Med Oncol 2023; 40:264. [PMID: 37550533 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer therapy has advanced from tradition chemotherapy methods to targeted therapy, novel drug delivery mechanisms, combination therapies etc. Although several novel chemotherapy strategies have been introduced, chemoresistance still remains as one of the major barriers in cancer treatments. Chemoresistance can lead to relapse and hinder the development of improved clinical results for cancer patients, and this continues to be the major hurdle in cancer therapy. Anticancer drugs acquire chemoresistance through different mechanisms. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial to overcome and increase the efficiency of the cancer therapies that are employed. The potential molecular pathways behind chemoresistance include tumor heterogeneity, elevated drug efflux, multidrug resistance, interconnected signaling pathways, and other factors. To surpass this limitation, new clinical tactics are to be introduced. This review aims to compile the most recent information on the molecular pathways that regulate chemoresistance in cancers, which will aid in development of new therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Yang JI, Lee HL, Yun JJ, Kim J, So KH, Jeong YIL, Kang DH. pH and Redox-Dual Sensitive Chitosan Nanoparticles Having Methyl Ester and Disulfide Linkages for Drug Targeting against Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113795. [PMID: 35683095 PMCID: PMC9181436 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare pH- and redox-sensitive nanoparticles for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery against DOX-resistant HuCC-T1 human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. For this purpose, L-histidine methyl ester (HIS) was attached to chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) via dithiodipropionic acid (abbreviated as ChitoHISss). DOX-incorporated nanoparticles of ChitoHISss conjugates were fabricated by a dialysis procedure. DOX-resistant HuCC-T1 cells were prepared by repetitive exposure of HuCC-T1 cells to DOX. ChitoHISss nanoparticles showed spherical morphology with a small diameter of less than 200 nm. The acid pH and glutathione (GSH) addition induced changes in the size distribution pattern of ChitoHISss nanoparticles from a narrow/monomodal distribution pattern to a wide/multimodal pattern and increased the fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticle solution. These results indicate that a physicochemical transition of nanoparticles can occur in an acidic pH or redox state. The more acidic the pH or the higher the GSH concentration the higher the drug release rate was, indicating that an acidic environment or higher redox states accelerated drug release from ChitoHISss nanoparticles. Whereas free DOX showed decreased anticancer activity at DOX-resistant HuCC-T1 cells, DOX-incorporated ChitoHISss nanoparticles showed dose-dependent anticancer activity. Intracellular delivery of DOX-incorporated ChitoHISss nanoparticles was relatively increased at an acidic pH and in the presence of GSH, indicating that DOX-incorporated ChitoHISss nanoparticles have superior acidic pH- and redox-sensitive behavior. In an in vivo tumor xenograft model, DOX-incorporated ChitoHISss nanoparticles were specifically delivered to tumor tissues and then efficiently inhibited tumor growth. We suggest that ChitoHISss nanoparticles are a promising candidate for treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Il Yang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Je-Jung Yun
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Life Science, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Gokseong-gun 57509, Korea;
| | - Jungsoo Kim
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (J.K.)
| | - Kyoung-Ha So
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (Y.-I.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Young-IL Jeong
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (Y.-I.J.); (D.-H.K.)
| | - Dae-Hwan Kang
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University, Busan 50612, Korea; (H.L.L.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (Y.-I.J.); (D.-H.K.)
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Sunjic SB, Gasparovic AC, Jaganjac M, Rechberger G, Meinitzer A, Grune T, Kohlwein SD, Mihaljevic B, Zarkovic N. Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells to Concentration-Dependent Bioactivities of Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal Depend on Their Level of Differentiation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020269. [PMID: 33572933 PMCID: PMC7912392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) is a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation known to exert several biological effects. Normal and malignant cells of the same origin express different sensitivity to HNE. We used human osteosarcoma cells (HOS) in different stages of differentiation in vitro, showing differences in mitosis, DNA synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. Differentiated HOS cells showed decreased proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), decreased viability (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide-MTT), and increased apoptosis and necrosis (nuclear morphology by staining with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole-DAPI). Differentiated HOS also had less expressed c-MYC, but the same amount of c-FOS (immunocytochemistry). When exposed to HNE, differentiated HOS produced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in comparison with undifferentiated HOS. To clarify this, we measured HNE metabolism by an HPLC method, total glutathione (GSH), oxidized GSH (ox GSH), glutathione transferase activity (GST), proteasomal activity by enzymatic methods, HNE-protein adducts by genuine ELISA and fatty acid composition by GC-MS in these cell cultures. Differentiated HOS cells had less GSH, lower HNE metabolism, increased formation of HNE-protein adducts, and lower proteasomal activity, in comparison to undifferentiated counterpart cells, while GST and oxGSH were the same. Fatty acids analyzed by GC-MS showed that there is an increase in C20:3 in differentiated HOS while the amount of C20:4 remained the same. The results showed that the cellular machinery responsible for protection against toxicity of HNE was less efficient in differentiated HOS cells. Moreover, differentiated HOS cells contained more C20:3 fatty acid, which might make them more sensitive to free radical-initiated oxidative chain reactions and more vulnerable to the effects of reactive aldehydes such as HNE. We propose that HNE might act as natural promotor of decay of malignant (osteosarcoma) cells in case of their differentiation associated with alteration of the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Borovic Sunjic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Ana Cipak Gasparovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Morana Jaganjac
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Gerald Rechberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Andreas Meinitzer
- University Clinic of Traumatology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sepp D. Kohlwein
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Bio TechMed-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.R.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Branka Mihaljevic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.B.S.); (A.C.G.); (M.J.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Sullivan MP, Morrow SJ, Goldstone DC, Hartinger CG. Gel electrophoresis in combination with laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to quantify the interaction of cisplatin with human serum albumin. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2329-2335. [PMID: 31087392 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its second and third generation analogues are widely used in the treatment of cancer. To study their reactions with proteins, we present a method based on SDS-PAGE separation and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for platinum detection in the reaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and cisplatin. We developed matrix-matched standards of HSA/cisplatin mixtures and used them to quantify the amount of adducts formed at different HSA:cisplatin ratios. We noted that cisplatin incubation with HSA resulted in the formation of higher order HSA n-mers, depending on the amount of cisplatin added. This caused a depletion of the HSA dimer bands, while the majority of HSA was present as the monomer. Inducing the formation of such higher molecular weight species may have an impact on the mode of action of metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Sullivan
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart J Morrow
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David C Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zhao X, He R, Liu Y, Wu Y, Kang L. UPregulated single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 induces cell chemoresistance to cisplatin in lung cancer cell lines. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 431:21-27. [PMID: 28210897 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin and its analogues are widely used as anti-tumor drugs in lung cancer but many cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cases have been identified in recent years. Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSDBP1) can effectively induce H69 cell resistance to cisplatin in our previous identification; thus, it is necessary to explore the mechanism underlying the effects of SSDBP1-induced resistance to cisplatin. First, SSDBP1-overexpressed or silent cell line was constructed and used to analyze the effects of SSDBP1 on chemoresistance of lung cancer cells to cisplatin. SSDBP1 expression was assayed by real-time PCR and Western blot. Next, the effects of SSDBP1 on cisplatin sensitivity, proliferation, and apoptosis of lung cancer cell lines were assayed by MTT and flow cytometry, respectively; ABC transporters, apoptosis-related genes, and cell cycle-related genes by real-time PCR, and DNA wound repair by comet assay. Low expression of SSDBP1 was observed in H69 cells, while increased expression in cisplatin-resistant H69 cells. Upregulated expression of SSDBP1 in H69AR cells was identified to promote proliferation and cisplatin resistance and inhibit apoptosis, while downregulation of SSDBP1 to inhibit cisplatin resistance and proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, SSDBP1 promoted the expression of P2gp, MRP1, Cyclin D1, and CDK4 and inhibited the expression of caspase 3 and caspase 9. Furthermore, SSDBP1 promoted the DNA wound repair. These results indicated that SSDBP1 may induce cell chemoresistance of cisplatin through promoting DNA repair, resistance-related gene expression, cell proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong Region, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China.
| | - Rong He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong Region, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong Region, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongkai Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong Region, Shenyang, 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Leitao Kang
- Basic Medical Department, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, China
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7
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Hung CC, Chien CY, Chu PY, Wu YJ, Lin CS, Huang CJ, Chan LP, Wang YY, Yuan SSF, Hour TC, Chen JYF. Differential resistance to platinum-based drugs and 5-fluorouracil in p22phox-overexpressing oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications of alternative treatment strategies. Head Neck 2017; 39:1621-1630. [PMID: 28498554 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that p22phox confers resistance to cisplatin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Whether p22phox has clinical correlation with cisplatin resistance and affects the efficacy of other platinum or nonplatinum drugs is unknown. METHODS The p22phox expression in tissues and apoptotic markers in cell lines was detected by immunoblotting. The cytotoxicity of chemotherapy drugs was determined by methylthiazol tetrazolium assay. In vivo chemoresistance of p22phox-overexpressing tumors was confirmed by the xenograft mouse model. RESULTS The p22phox was upregulated in tumors of patients with OSCC refractory to cisplatin treatment. The p22phox overexpression markedly increased the resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin, but not oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), in OSCC cells by differentially inhibiting the drug-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, p22phox-dependent resistance to cisplatin, but not 5-FU, was demonstrated in mouse xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION The p22phox expression may not only be a prognostic biomarker for prediction of chemotherapy outcomes, but the indication for alternative treatment strategies in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chang Hung
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Leong-Perng Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyh-Chyuan Hour
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeff Yi-Fu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Theile D, Ketabi-Kiyanvash N, Herold-Mende C, Dyckhoff G, Efferth T, Bertholet V, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. Evaluation of drug transporters' significance for multidrug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2010; 33:959-68. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.21559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Bracht K, Liebeke M, Ritter CA, Grünert R, Bednarski PJ. Correlations between the activities of 19 standard anticancer agents, antioxidative enzyme activities and the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters: comparison with the National Cancer Institute data. Anticancer Drugs 2007; 18:389-404. [PMID: 17351391 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3280140001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the functional activities of four different antioxidative enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase) and the protein expression of three ATP-binding cassette transporters (P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein 1, multidrug resistance protein 2) in a panel of 14 human cancer cell lines. Enzyme activities and transporter expression were then correlated with the in-vitro cytotoxic activities (GI50 values) of 19 standard antitumor drugs. Analogous data from the National Cancer Institute were used for comparison. The GI50 values of the platinum complexes, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors and antimitotic drugs were determined by crystal violet or 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Standard enzymatic assays employed to measure the glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activities. The protein expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins was investigated by the Western-blot method. The delta method was used to normalize the data before bivariant correlation analysis. Only a few correlations between enzyme and cytotoxic activities of the antitumor agents were found. The GI50 values for melphalan and camptothecin correlated positively with the activity of glutathione-S-transferase, whereas GI50 values for methotrexate correlated positively with the cellular activities of both glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase. A significant correlation between glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase activities was found in our panel of cell lines. Neither P-glycoprotein nor multidrug resistance protein 2 expression could be detected by Western blot analysis in any cell lines investigated, but multidrug resistance protein 1 was consistently observed in all but four lines. Multidrug resistance protein 1 expression correlates positively with the GI50 values of several drugs, e.g. vinblastine and etoposide, and negatively with the GI50 values of 5-fluorouracil. The results confirm the complexity of resistance to antitumor agents and show that the GSH-thioredoxin system alone is not a good indication of intrinsic resistance for many of these anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bracht
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Fine RL, Shah SS, Moulton TA, Yu IR, Fogelman DR, Richardson M, Burris HA, Samuels BL, Assanasen C, Gorroochurn P, Hibshoosh H, Orjuela M, Garvin J, Goldman FD, Dubovsky D, Walterhouse D, Halligan G. Androgen and c-Kit receptors in desmoplastic small round cell tumors resistant to chemotherapy: novel targets for therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006; 59:429-37. [PMID: 16896931 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-006-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a highly fatal, mainly peritoneal cell origin cancer which predominantly affects young adult males. This predilection in young males led us to examine the role of androgen receptors (AR), testosterone, and growth factors in the biology of DSRCT. METHODS Slides were prepared from 27 multi-institutional patients all with end-stage DSRCT. Slides were stained for AR, c-Kit, various growth factors, and drug resistance-associated proteins. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression was scored semi-quantitatively. Western blot and MTT studies were performed to validate the IHC findings of over-expression of the AR and its functional status by stimulation of growth by dihydrotestosterone, respectively. Six patients with positive AR status were treated solely with combined androgen blockade (CAB) as used for prostate cancer. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were male (81%) and five were female (19%) with a median age at diagnosis of 23. All patients had failed at least two prior multi-agent chemotherapy regimens and 44% had progressed after autologous stem cell transplant. DSRCT samples from 10 of 27 patients were >or=2+ IHC positive for AR (37%,P=0.0045) and 7 of 20 patients were >or=2+ IHC positive for c-Kit (35%, P=0.018). We found elevated IHC expression of GST-pi, MRP and thymidylate synthase in smaller subsets of patients. In vitro studies for AR by Western blot and stimulation of growth by dihydrotestosterone in MTT assays suggest that the AR in DSRCT cells is functional. Six patients with positive AR status were treated with CAB alone and three of six attained clinical benefit (1-PR, 1-MR, 1-SD) in a range of 3-4 months. The three patients who responded to CAB had normal testosterone levels before CAB, while the three who did not respond to CAB had baseline castrate levels of testosterone. CONCLUSIONS DSRCT has significant IHC expression of AR and c-Kit in heavily pre-treated patients. The presence of significant AR expression in 37% suggests that these patients could possibly respond to CAB. The significance of c-Kit expression in 35% of DSRCT patients is unknown and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Fine
- College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Medical Center and Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Syng-ai C, Kumari AL, Khar A. Effect of curcumin on normal and tumor cells: Role of glutathione and bcl-2. Mol Cancer Ther 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.1101.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Curcumin, a well-known dietary pigment derived from Curcuma longa, inhibited growth of several types of malignant cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, its mechanism of action still remains unclear. In this study, we have focused primarily on the cytotoxic effects of curcumin on three human tumor cell lines and rat primary hepatocytes. Curcumin induced apoptosis in MCF-7, MDAMB, and HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis was mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Attempts were made to establish the role played by endogenous glutathione on the apoptotic activity of curcumin. Depletion of glutathione by buthionine sulfoximine resulted in the increased generation of reactive oxygen species, thereby further sensitizing the cells to curcumin. Interestingly, curcumin had no effect on normal rat hepatocytes, which showed no superoxide generation and therefore no cell death. These observations suggest that curcumin, a molecule with varied actions, could be developed into an effective chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashok Khar
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
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12
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Denoyer D, Perek N, Le Jeune N, Frère D, Dubois F. The Multidrug Resistance ofIn VitroTumor Cell Lines Derived from Human Breast Carcinoma MCF-7 Does Not Influence Pentavalent Technetium-99m-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid Uptake. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2003; 18:791-801. [PMID: 14629827 DOI: 10.1089/108497803770418337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) are overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein isoform 1 (MRP1) often associated with high levels of glutathione (GSH). We investigated whether MDR phenotype can influence Tc-99m-(V)-DMSA [pentavalent technetium-99m-dimercaptosuccinic acid] entry by comparing its uptake with that of Tc-99m-sestamibi (MIBI) on an in vitro model of sensitive (MCF-7) and variant resistant cell lines. Drug resistance was assessed by immunoblotting, GSH measurement, and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5,diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To correlate MDR phenotype with tracer accumulation, uptakes were performed with and without P-gp and MRP1 inhibitors and after GSH modulation. Similar accumulation of Tc-99m-(V)-DMSA was observed in all cell lines and the use of MDR reversals did not enhance its uptake. Our results demonstrate clearly that Tc-99m-(V)-DMSA uptake is not related to either P-gp and MRP1 expression, or GSH levels. In contrast, Tc-99m-MIBI accumulation is inversely proportional to the cell MDR phenotype. The combination of Tc-99m-(V)-DMSA and Tc-99m-MIBI may be a useful tool for noninvasive detection of malignant sites and their chemoresistance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Denoyer
- Department of Biophysics and Radiopharmaceuticals, Research group Cell Death and Neoplasia, Faculty of Medicine Jacques Lisfranc, Saint Etienne, France.
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13
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Gaumann A, Tews DS, Mentzel T, Petrow PK, Mayer E, Otto M, Kirkpatrick CJ, Kriegsmann J. Expression of drug resistance related proteins in sarcomas of the pulmonary artery and poorly differentiated leiomyosarcomas of other origin. Virchows Arch 2003; 442:529-37. [PMID: 12743815 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-003-0815-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2002] [Accepted: 03/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas are known to develop resistance to current chemotherapeutic strategies, displaying a multidrug-resistant phenotype. Mechanisms involved in drug resistance include reduced cellular drug accumulation, drug detoxification as well as alterations in drug target specificity. In seven sarcomas of the pulmonary artery (SPA) and ten leiomyosarcomas of other origin, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug-resistance protein (MRP), lung resistance protein (LRP), metallothionein (MT) and topoisomerase IIalpha. Upregulation was found in tumour cells for P-gp but not for MRP in SPA and other leiomyosarcomas. Topoisomerase IIalpha was expressed at high levels in tissue of primary tumours as well as recurrent tumours. Both P-gp and topoisomerase IIalpha were present in numerous tumour-associated vessels. LRP was expressed at high levels in SPA but to a lesser extent in the other leiomyosarcomas. MT was expressed at low levels but was markedly present at the border of necrosis. The overall survival and the relapse-free survival did not correlate with the expression of these factors. There was no significant relationship between treated and non-treated patients with respect to the expression of the examined molecules. P-gp, but not MRP, may play a role in the development of drug resistance. P-gp, LRP and topoisomerase IIalpha contribute to drug resistance through expression in tumour-associated vessels. Unique high levels of topisomerase IIalpha reflect the high proliferation rate of these tumours. MT seems to serve as a detoxifying agent of metabolites at the border of necrosis. Our findings underline the fact that multiple factors contribute to chemoresistance and that examination of a spectrum of relevant molecules is probably necessary to plan the best therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gaumann
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinics Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Khynriam D, Prasad SB. Changes in endogenous tissue glutathione level in relation to murine ascites tumor growth and the anticancer activity of cisplatin. Braz J Med Biol Res 2003; 36:53-63. [PMID: 12532227 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2003000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in glutathione levels were determined in tissues of 11- to 12-week-old Swiss albino mice at different stages of Dalton's lymphoma tumor growth and following cisplatin (8 mg/kg body weight, ip) treatment for 24-96 h, keeping 4-5 animals in each experimental group. Glutathione levels increased in spleen of tumor-bearing compared to normal mice (9.95 +/- 0.14 vs 7.86 +/- 1.64 micromol/g wet weight, P<or=0.05) but decreased in blood (0.64 +/- 0.10 vs 0.85 +/- 0.09 mg/ml) and testes (9.28 +/- 0.15 vs 10.16 +/- 0.28 micromol/g wet weight, P<or=0.05). Dalton's lymphoma cells showed an increase in glutathione concentration (4.43 +/- 0.26 micromol/g wet weight) as compared to splenocytes, their normal counterpart (3.62 +/- 0.41 micromol/g wet weight). With the progression of tumor in mice, glutathione levels decreased significantly in testes (approximately 10%) and bone marrow cells (approximately 13%) while they increased in Dalton's lymphoma cells (28-46%) and spleen (15-27%). Glutathione levels in kidney, Dalton's lymphoma cells and bone marrow cells (8.50 +/- 1.22, 4.43 +/- 0.26 and 3.28 +/- 0.17 micromol/g wet weight, respectively) decreased significantly (6.04 +/- 0.42, 3.51 +/- 0.32 and 2.17 +/- 0.14 micro mol/g wet weight, P<or=0.05) after in vivo cisplatin treatment for 24 h. Along with a decrease in glutathione level, the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity also decreased by 60% in tumor cells after cisplatin treatment. The elevated drug uptake by the tumor cells under the conditions of reduced glutathione concentration and GST activity after treatment could be an important contributory factor to cisplatin's anticancer activity leading to tumor regression. Furthermore, lower doses of cisplatin in combination with buthionine sulfoximine (an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis) may be useful in cancer chemotherapy with decreased toxicity in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khynriam
- Cell and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
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15
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Soini Y, Näpänkangas U, Järvinen K, Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Pääkkö P, Kinnula VL. Expression of gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2001; 92:2911-9. [PMID: 11753966 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011201)92:11<2911::aid-cncr10105>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS Eighty-five samples of NSCLC were studied using immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antibodies to the heavy and light subunits of gamma GCS (gamma GCS-h, gamma GCS-l), and the expressions were correlated with apoptosis and patients survival. Further studies were conducted in cultured cells also to investigate the effects of gamma GSC inhibition with buthionine sulfoximine on the cell survival. RESULTS In the biopsies, gamma GCS-h positivity was found in 71% and gamma GCS-l positivity in 67% of NSCLCs, and they were expressed in all cell lines studied. There was a strong association between the expression of the heavy and light subunits of gamma GCS in NSCLC (P = 0.003). Strong or moderate gamma GCS-h expression was found significantly more often in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.00013) and in Grade 1-2 tumors (P = 0.008). There was a significantly higher extent of apoptosis in tumors with a low gamma GCS-h expression (P = 0.016). A similar tendency was observed with gamma GCS-l (P = 0.073). No association was found between patient survival and high or low expression of gamma GCS-l or gamma GCS-h in NSCLCs (P = 0.34 and P = 0.47, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results show that gamma GCS is strongly expressed in NSCLCs and probably takes part in the defense of the tumor cells against oxidative damage. This is reflected by the lower extent of apoptosis in tumors with a high gamma GCS expression. Because expression of gamma GCS has been connected with chemoresistance, downregulation of its activity by inhibitors in NSCLC might have putative therapeutic potential in the treatment of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Soini
- Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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16
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Vural E, Alexiou M, Hunt J, Korourian S, Hanna E. Is glutathione-S-transferase-pi expression a reliable predictor of chemoradiation response in cancer of the head and neck? Am J Otolaryngol 2001; 22:257-60. [PMID: 11464322 DOI: 10.1053/ajot.2001.24824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concurrent radiation and chemotherapy is being evaluated as an alternative treatment to surgery for patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, because organ preservation maybe possible without compromising survival. However, the response to concurrent chemoradiation treatment varies from patient to patient, and there is currently no available molecular predictor of response for this particular treatment modality. There is some evidence to indicate that glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), which is one of the drug detoxifying enzymes, may decrease the effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of a variety of tumor types. This study was performed to investigate whether GST-pi expression was correlated with response to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diagnostic biopsy specimens of 36 patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were examined for GST-pi expression by using immunohistochemistry with polyclonal antihuman GST-pi antibodies. GST-pi expression scores were compared among responders and nonresponders. RESULTS Although the staining rate with antiGST-pi was slightly lower in the responder group in comparison with the nonresponders (82% vs 100%), the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION GST-pi expression is unlikely to be a valuable predictor of response to concurrent chemotherapy and radiation treatment in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vural
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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17
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Kato T, Duffey DC, Ondrey FG, Dong G, Chen Z, Cook JA, Mitchell JB, Van Waes C. Cisplatin and radiation sensitivity in human head and neck squamous carcinomas are independently modulated by glutathione and transcription factor NF-kappaB. Head Neck 2000; 22:748-59. [PMID: 11084634 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0347(200012)22:8<748::aid-hed2>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Response to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been used to predict overall response to chemoradiation therapy and to select patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) for organ preservation therapy in NCI and VA cooperative group trials. However, different molecular determinants have been reported to contribute to sensitivity of cells to cisplatin and radiation, including glutathione (GSH), and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor that regulates cytoprotective genes. We have reported that NF-kappaB is constitutively activated in HNSCC, but the relationship of NF-kappaB to GSH and to cisplatin and radiation sensitivity in HNSCC is unknown. METHODS We examined human HNSCC lines to define the relationship of cisplatin and radiation sensitivity to intracellular GSH and NF-kappaB and determined whether HNSCC could be sensitized to these modalities by lowering the concentration of glutathione with L-buthionine sulfoximine or inhibiting activation of NF-kappaB by expression of a degradation-resistant mutant inhibitor-kappaBalpha. RESULTS Cisplatin resistance did not predict radiation resistance in three HNSCC cell lines, UM-SCC-9, 11B, and, 38. Resistance to cisplatin correlated with intracellular GSH, and depletion of GSH by treatment with L-BSO sensitized UM-SCC-9 cells to cisplatin but not radiation. Conversely, radiation resistance was correlated with activation of NF-kappaB. Expression of a mutant Inhibitor-kappaB after gene transfer inhibited NF-kappaB and sensitized UM-SCC-9 cells to radiation but not cisplatin. CONCLUSIONS GSH and transcription factor NF-alphaB can contribute independently to cisplatin and radiation sensitivity of human HNSCC. These results highlight the need to define molecular determinants of chemotherapy and radiation sensitivity for use in the selection of patients and as novel targets for therapy in future chemoradiation therapy trials for organ preservation in patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kato
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders National Institute of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 5D55, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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van Moorsel CJ, Pinedo HM, Smid K, Comijn EM, Voorn DA, Veerman G, Lakerveld B, Van der Vijgh WJ, Giaccone G, Postmus PE, Peters GJ. Schedule-dependent pharmacodynamic effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin in mice bearing Lewis lung murine non-small cell lung tumours. Eur J Cancer 2000; 36:2420-9. [PMID: 11094319 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(00)00345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine, dFdC) and cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin, CDDP) is increasingly applied in clinical oncology. We studied the underlying mechanisms of the in vivo schedule dependency and supraadditive interaction between dFdC and CDDP in C57/B16 mice bearing Lewis lung (LL) tumours. Mice were treated with CDDP (6 mg/kg) and dFdC (60 mg/kg) either simultaneously or in a 4 or 24 h interval with dFdC preceding CDDP or vice versa. Four, 8 (in some cases 12) and 24 h after treatment mice were sacrificed and tumours, kidneys, blood and bone marrow (BM) were collected. Since CDDP acts by formation of Platinum (Pt)-DNA adducts and dFdC by incorporation of its triphosphate (dFdCTP) into DNA, we measured total Pt levels, dFdCTP accumulation and Pt-DNA adducts by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 2P-postlabelling, respectively. These levels were related to the previously determined antitumour efficacy and toxicity of the dFdC/CDDP combination. Peak dFdCTP accumulation in tumours (11 pmol/mg) was found 4 h after dFdC treatment, while CDDP tended to reduce this in a time-dependent way. Peak levels of total Pt in tumours were found 4 h after CDDP treatment (581 fmol/mg) and dropped 1.8-fold after simultaneous treatment with dFdC (P = 0.04). Treatment with dFdC 4 h after or simultaneously with CDDP increased Pt retention (level 24 h after CDDP treatment) 1.4- and 1.6-fold (P = 0.04 and P = 0.03, respectively). Peak Pt-DNA adduct levels in tumours were also found 4 h after CDDP treatment (7 fmol/microg DNA) and were decreased 3-fold by dFdC treatment 24 h prior to CDDP (P = 0.04). Pt-DNA adduct retention was only decreased when dFdC was given 4 h before CDDP (8-fold (P < 0.01)). The retention and the area-under the concentration time curve of Pt-DNA adducts were related to decreased tumour doubling time (linear regression coefficient (R) = 0.95; P < 0.05, 0.96 P = 0.04 and 0.90; P = 0.04. Pt-DNA adduct levels in the BM cells reached a plateau level 4-24 h after CDDP treatment (approximately 10 fmol/microg DNA), which was increased by dFdC when given either simultaneously with, 4 h before or 4 h after CDDP (6-, 3- and 5-fold at 28 h, 8 h and 28 h, respectively (P < or = 0.04)). Peak Pt-DNA adduct formation (24 h: 8 fmol/microg DNA) in kidneys was enhanced by dFdC when given simultaneously with or 4 h before CDDP (4 h timepoint) (P < 0.01). However, retention was 4- and 6-fold decreased when dFdC was given 4 or 24 h after CDDP, respectively (P < or = 0.01). dFdC given 24 h before CDDP decreased all Pt-DNA adduct levels in kidneys 3-fold or more (P < or = 0.03). Pt-DNA adduct levels were inversely related to kidney toxicity when the most toxic schedule was excluded from the analysis. Peak levels of total Pt in kidneys were reached 24 h after CDDP treatment (4.3 fmol/mg) and the 8 h levels were increased 2-fold by dFdC when given 4 h after CDDP (P = 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- C J van Moorsel
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Binder AB, Serafin AM, Bohm LJ. Abrogation of G(2)/M-phase block enhances the cytotoxicity of daunorubicin, melphalan and cisplatin in TP53 mutant human tumor cells. Radiat Res 2000; 154:640-9. [PMID: 11096420 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0640:aogmpb]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation of human melanoma (MeWo, Be11) and squamous cell carcinoma (4451, 4197) cells induces cell cycle blocks from which the cells recover to re-enter mitosis after 40-60 h. In the TP53 mutant cell lines, MeWo and 4451, irradiation induces a G(2)-phase block, where the fraction of cells in G(2) phase reaches a maximum after 18-20 h. In the TP53 wild-type cell lines, 4197 and Be11, a G(1)- and G(2)-phase block is reached 12 and 16 h postirradiation, respectively. Addition of pentoxifylline after irradiation at the time when the number of cells in G(2) phase has reached a maximum shortens the normal recovery from G(2)-phase block to approximately 7 h. Addition of daunorubicin, melphalan and cisplatin under these conditions markedly enhanced drug toxicity. In the TP53-mutated cell lines MeWo and 4451, the survival ratio at 7 Gy measured by colony formation was 2.3-2.8, 8.6-85 and 52-74 for daunorubicin, melphalan and cisplatin, respectively. In the TP53 wild-type cell lines, the corresponding survival ratios were found to be 1.3-1.4, 2.3-3.0 and 1.2-2.6, respectively. The survival ratios are for clonogenic survival after 7 Gy and 2 mM pentoxifylline and measure the influence of drug doses that ensure 95% survival in nonirradiated controls. The results indicate that the G(2)-phase block is a crucial event in the damage response that can be manipulated to achieve a significant enhancement of drug toxicity. These effects are particularly pronounced in TP53 mutant cells and are observed at drug doses well below the clinical range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Binder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiobiology Laboratory, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg, South Africa
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20
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Shen DW, Goldenberg S, Pastan I, Gottesman MM. Decreased accumulation of [14C]carboplatin in human cisplatin-resistant cells results from reduced energy-dependent uptake. J Cell Physiol 2000; 183:108-16. [PMID: 10699972 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(200004)183:1<108::aid-jcp13>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated cisplatin-resistant human liver carcinoma (7404-CP20) cells with reduced accumulation of cisplatin and other drugs (methotrexate, arsenate, and arsenite) to which these cells are cross-resistant. To determine whether the reduction of drug accumulation in cisplatin-resistant cells results from impaired uptake or from active efflux, [(14)C]carboplatin was used for kinetic analysis of drug uptake and efflux. We demonstrate here that the uptake of [(14)C]carboplatin in 7404 parental cells is time, temperature, and energy dependent, and that the rate of uptake is reduced in 7404-CP20 cells. Efflux of [(14)C]carboplatin in cisplatin-resistant cells was comparable to efflux in the parental cisplatin-sensitive cells. There was little effect of temperature (between 37 degrees C and 4 degrees C) on efflux in cisplatin-resistant cells. Immunoblotting with specific antibodies directed to MRP1 and MRP2 (cMOAT) also showed that expression of these two ABC transporter genes was considerably reduced in 7404-CP20 cells and another cisplatin-resistant cell line KB-CP20, in contradistinction to previous studies suggesting that MRP might be responsible for cisplatin efflux. To rule out a generalized defect in uptake of small molecules, fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of rhodamine 123 uptake showed that there was no difference between cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells. The presence of a pleiotropic defect in uptake of [(14)C]carboplatin, [(3)H]methotrexate, [(73)As]arsenate, and [(73)As]arsenite in cisplatin-resistant cells, in association with reduced expression of related cell surface proteins as demonstrated in our previous work, suggests a novel mechanism for acquisition of resistance to cisplatin associated with reduced activity of many different specific uptake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Shen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4255, USA
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21
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Hirata S, Katoh O, Oguri T, Watanabe H, Yajin K. Expression of drug resistance-related genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and normal mucosa. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:84-90. [PMID: 10744048 PMCID: PMC5926219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the expression levels of mRNA for multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP), human canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT), lung resistance-related protein (LRP), topoisomerase IIalpha, beta (Topo IIalpha, beta) and topoisomerase I (Topo I) genes in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens and mucosa (HNM) specimens, to elucidate their roles in relation to the biological characteristics and drug resistance in vivo. Fifty-eight samples (45 head and neck carcinomas and 13 head and neck mucosa) obtained during surgical resection or biopsy from 38 patients were analyzed using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. MDR1, MRP, LRP, Topo IIalpha, Topo IIbeta, and Topo I gene transcripts were detected in all the samples tested, but cMOAT mRNA was not detected in them. Comparisons of the expression levels in HNSCC with those in HNM showed that the Topo IIalpha gene expression level was higher in HNSCC than in HNM (P=0.0298). Moreover, the Topo IIalpha mRNA level was significantly higher in metastatic lymph node samples of HNSCC than in HNM samples (P=0.0205). There were no significant differences in the six genes' expression levels between samples exposed to platinum drugs and those not exposed to platinum drugs. These results suggest that it may be effective in anticancer therapy to use topoisomerase-targetting drugs against HNSCC, especially metastatic neck tumors, and that the expression of these genes in HNSCC is not associated with platinum drug exposure.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Anion Transport Proteins
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/biosynthesis
- DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Isoenzymes/biosynthesis
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mucous Membrane/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hirata
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine.
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22
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Braakhuis BJ, Welters MJ, Cloos J, Pankras JE, Smeets SJ, Fichtinger-Schepman AM. Effect of cisplatin exposure on platinum accumulation and growth inhibition in human neoplastic and normal squamous epithelial cells of the mucosa of the upper-aerodigestive tract. Cancer Lett 1999; 138:217-20. [PMID: 10378796 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(99)00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate how normal head and neck epithelial cells (NHNEC) respond to cisplatin compared to their neoplastic counterparts with respect to intracellular platinum (Pt) levels and growth inhibition. A colorimetric assay was used to assess growth inhibition after exposure to cisplatin for 72 h. Growth inhibition did not differ between cultures of neoplastic (n = 5) and normal cells (n = 5). Intracellular Pt levels, determined with atomic absorption spectroscopy were about 30-fold higher in the normal epithelial cells. The main finding of this study is that normal epithelial cells from the head and neck region have a much higher tolerance for cisplatin than their neoplastic counterparts. Interestingly, this characteristic is without consequence for growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Braakhuis
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Cvitkovic E. Cumulative toxicities from cisplatin therapy and current cytoprotective measures. Cancer Treat Rev 1998; 24:265-81. [PMID: 9805507 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-7372(98)90061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Cvitkovic
- SMSIT, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
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