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Lucia U, Grisolia G. Thermodynamic Considerations on the Biophysical Interaction between Low-Energy Electromagnetic Fields and Biosystems. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:179. [PMID: 39195431 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14080179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
A general theory explaining how electromagnetic waves affect cells and biological systems has not been completely accepted yet; nevertheless, extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) can interfere with and modify several molecular cellular processes. The therapeutic effect of EMFs has been investigated in several clinical conditions with promising results: in this context a better understanding of mechanisms by which ELF-EMF influences cellular events is necessary and it could lead to more extended and specific clinical applications in different pathological conditions. This paper develops a thermodynamic model to explain how ELF-EMF directly interferes with the cellular membrane, inducing a biological response related to a cellular energy conversion and modification of flows across cell membranes. Indeed, energy, irreversibly consumed by cellular metabolism, is converted into entropy variation. The proposed thermodynamic model views living systems as adaptative open systems, analysing the changes in energy and matter moving in and out of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Dipartimento Energia "Galileo Ferraris", Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Zhang Q, Hou Q, An G. Effects of electromagnetic pulses, exosomes inhibition and their coaction on A549 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:218-225. [PMID: 38533693 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mounting literature indicates that electromagnetic pulses (EMP) is the promising modality to treat cancers with advantages such as noninvasiveness and few side-effects, but its appropriate parameters and underlying mechanisms such as its influence on tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) are largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate effects of EMP, exosome inhibition and their coaction on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. A549 cells were randomly divided into control group, GW4869 group treated by 20 μM GW4869, vehicle group treated by dimethyl sulfoxide, EMP group treated by EMP exposure, and EMPG group treated by EMP exposure combined with 20 μM GW4869. After EMP exposure, cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, cell cycle and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, and cell migration was determined by transwell assay. The results showed that EMP or exosomes inhibition did not affect cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and cell migration (p > 0.05), but cell migration in EMPG group was significantly decreased compared with vehicle group (p < 0.05). We concluded that under the experimental condition, EMP or GW4869 alone had no effects on behaviors of A549 cells, but their coaction could effectively inhibit the migration of A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Cadet Brigade, College of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Qingxia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Guangzhou An
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an City, Shannxi Province, China
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Han S, Fan H, Zhong G, Ni L, Shi W, Fang Y, Wang C, Wang L, Song L, Zhao J, Tang M, Yang B, Li L, Bai X, Zhang Q, Liang T, Xu Y, Feng XH, Ding C, Fang D, Zhao B. Nuclear KRT19 is a transcriptional corepressor promoting histone deacetylation and liver tumorigenesis. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00832. [PMID: 38557414 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epigenetic reprogramming and escape from terminal differentiation are poorly understood enabling characteristics of liver cancer. Keratin 19 (KRT19), classically known to form the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, is a marker of stemness and worse prognosis in liver cancer. This study aimed to address the functional roles of KRT19 in liver tumorigenesis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using multiplexed genome editing of hepatocytes in vivo, we demonstrated that KRT19 promoted liver tumorigenesis in mice. Cell fractionation revealed a previously unrecognized nuclear fraction of KRT19. Tandem affinity purification identified histone deacetylase 1 and REST corepressor 1, components of the corepressor of RE-1 silencing transcription factor (CoREST) complex as KRT19-interacting proteins. KRT19 knockout markedly enhanced histone acetylation levels. Mechanistically, KRT19 promotes CoREST complex formation by enhancing histone deacetylase 1 and REST corepressor 1 interaction, thus increasing the deacetylase activity. ChIP-seq revealed hepatocyte-specific genes, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4A ), as direct targets of KRT19-CoREST. In addition, we identified forkhead box P4 as a direct activator of aberrant KRT19 expression in liver cancer. Furthermore, treatment of primary liver tumors and patient-derived xenografts in mice suggest that KRT19 expression has the potential to predict response to histone deacetylase 1 inhibitors especially in combination with lenvatinib. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that nuclear KRT19 acts as a transcriptional corepressor through promoting the deacetylase activity of the CoREST complex, resulting in dedifferentiation of liver cancer. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized function of KRT19 in directly shaping the epigenetic landscape in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixun Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haonan Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoxuan Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenliang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China
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Liu Y, Tang Q, Tao Q, Dong H, Shi Z, Zhou L. Low-frequency magnetic field therapy for glioblastoma: Current advances, mechanisms, challenges and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00125-5. [PMID: 38565404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Despite recent advances in multimodal GBM therapy incorporating surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), and supportive care, the overall survival (OS) remains poor, and long-term survival is rare. Currently, the primary obstacles hindering the effectiveness of GBM treatment are still the blood-brain barrier and tumor heterogeneity. In light of its substantial advantages over conventional therapies, such as strong penetrative ability and minimal side effects, low-frequency magnetic fields (LF-MFs) therapy has gradually caught the attention of scientists. AIM OF REVIEW In this review, we shed the light on the current status of applying LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM. We specifically emphasize our current understanding of the mechanisms by which LF-MFs mediate anticancer effects and the challenges faced by LF-MFs in treating GBM cells. Furthermore, we discuss the prospective applications of magnetic field therapy in the future treatment of GBM. Key scientific concepts of review: The review explores the current progress on the use of LF-MFs in the treatment of GBM with a special focus on the potential underlying mechanisms of LF-MFs in anticancer effects. Additionally, we also discussed the complex magnetic field features and biological characteristics related to magnetic bioeffects. Finally, we proposed a promising magnetic field treatment strategy for future applications in GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China
| | - Quan Tao
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, China.
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5
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Goszka M, Gliźniewicz M, Grygorcewicz B, Serwin N, Stodolak P, Słodzińska W, Birger R, Polikowska A, Budkowska M, Rakoczy R, Dołęgowska B. The Effect of a Rotating Magnetic Field on the Regenerative Potential of Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3644. [PMID: 38612456 PMCID: PMC11012199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are actively involved in tissue injury site regeneration by producing a wide spectrum of platelet-derived growth factors such as PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor), TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β), FGF (fibroblast growth factor), etc. A rotating magnetic field (RMF) can regulate biological functions, including reduction or induction regarding inflammatory processes, cell differentiation, and gene expression, to determine the effect of an RMF on the regenerative potential of platelets. The study group consisted of 30 healthy female and male volunteers (n = 15), from which plasma was collected. A portion of the plasma was extracted and treated as an internal control group. Subsequent doses of plasma were exposed to RMF at different frequencies (25 and 50 Hz) for 1 and 3 h. Then, the concentrations of growth factors (IGF-1, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, and FGF-1) were determined in the obtained material by the ELISA method. There were statistically significant differences in the PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IGF-1, and FGF-1 concentrations between the analyzed groups. The highest concentration of PDGF-BB was observed in the samples placed in RMF for 1 h at 25 Hz. For TGF-β1, the highest concentrations were obtained in the samples exposed to RMF for 3 h at 25 Hz and 1 h at 50 Hz. The highest concentrations of IGF-1 and FGF-1 were shown in plasma placed in RMF for 3 h at 25 Hz. An RMF may increase the regenerative potential of platelets. It was noted that female platelets may respond more strongly to RMF than male platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 42, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Goszka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Marta Gliźniewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 42, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (R.R.)
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Patrycja Stodolak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Weronika Słodzińska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Radosław Birger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Polikowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Rafał Rakoczy
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów 42, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (B.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (M.G.); (N.S.); (P.S.); (W.S.); (R.B.); (A.P.); (B.D.)
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Flatscher J, Pavez Loriè E, Mittermayr R, Meznik P, Slezak P, Redl H, Slezak C. Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF)-Physiological Response and Its Potential in Trauma Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11239. [PMID: 37510998 PMCID: PMC10379303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental biophysical interactions are recognized to play an essential part in the human biological processes associated with trauma recovery. Many studies over several decades have furthered our understanding of the effects that Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) have on the human body, as well as on cellular and biophysical systems. These investigations have been driven by the observed positive clinical effects of this non-invasive treatment on patients, mainly in orthopedics. Unfortunately, the diversity of the various study setups, with regard to physical parameters, molecular and cellular response, and clinical outcomes, has made it difficult to interpret and evaluate commonalities, which could, in turn, lead to finding an underlying mechanistic understanding of this treatment modality. In this review, we give a birds-eye view of the vast landscape of studies that have been published on PEMF, presenting the reader with a scaffolded summary of relevant literature starting from categorical literature reviews down to individual studies for future research studies and clinical use. We also highlight discrepancies within the many diverse study setups to find common reporting parameters that can lead to a better universal understanding of PEMF effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Flatscher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Pavez Loriè
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Paul Meznik
- AUVA Trauma Center Vienna-Meidling, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cyrill Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
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Greco F, Garnier O, Macioce V, Picot MC. Prevalence of Migraine Disease in Electrohypersensitive Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4092. [PMID: 37373785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of electrohypersensitive (EHS) patients present headaches on contact with an electromagnetic source. Clinical features suggest that the headaches of these patients could be a variant of the migraine disease and could be treated as such. We aimed to assess the prevalence of migraine disease in EHS patients using a validated questionnaire. METHODS Patients with EHS defined according to WHO criteria were contacted through EHS patient support associations. They were required to answer a self-questionnaire including clinical data and the extended French version of the ID Migraine questionnaire (ef-ID Migraine) to screen for the migraine disease. Migraine prevalence and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were reported. Patients' characteristics, symptoms (rheumatology, digestive, cognitive, respiratory, cardiac, mood, cutaneous, headache, perception, genital, tinnitus and tiredness) and impact on daily life were compared between migraineur and non-migraineur patients. RESULTS A total of 293 patients were included (97% women, mean age 57 ± 12 years). Migraine was diagnosed in 65% (N = 191; 95% CI: 60-71%) with the ef-ID Migraine. The migraine diagnosis was accompanied by nausea/vomiting in 50% of cases, photophobia in 69% or visual disturbances in 38%. All of the 12 symptoms assessed were of higher intensity in migraineurs than in non-migraineurs. The symptoms prevented social life in 88% of migraineurs and 75% of non-migraineurs (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our work encourages us to consider the headaches of these patients as a possible variant of the migraine disease and, possibly, to manage them according to the current recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Greco
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Océane Garnier
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Gui de Chauliac, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Macioce
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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Kalantaryan V, Martirosyan R, Babayan Y, Petrosyan V. Violation of molecular structure of intracellular water as a possible cause of carcinogenesis and its suppression by microwave radiation(hypothesis). Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3437-3442. [PMID: 38213896 PMCID: PMC10781880 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The manuscript discusses a possible hypothesis about the transformation of healthy cells into cancer cells as a result of modification of the molecular structure of intracellular water from normal hexagonal to abnormal cubic phase (which may be caused by radiation, chemical, viral, mechanical and microbiological factors) and the possibility of returning to its original state under the influence of microwave radiation. The authors are not aware of any relevant experimental and theoretical support for this hypothesis in other literature.Our hypothesis is based on a completely unexpected experimental fact that we have received. It turned out that the radio spectra of cancer-affected tissues and the cubic phase of water are identical which confirms that these tissues really contain a cubic phase of water. It should be expected that the use of radiation of "therapeutic" frequencies may lead to regression of tumor growth. This assumption is based on another experimental fact confirming the possibility of the transition of the molecular structure of water from the cubic phase to the hexagonal phase (which is contained in healthy tissues) when irradiated with therapeutic frequencies.The conducted experiments demonstrate the real possibilities of structural-phase and spectral mutual transformations of the water medium under the influence of extremely low intensity flows of microwaves at "therapeutic" frequencies of 1000 MHz and 985 MHz or "pathologic" frequencies of 990 MHz and 51 GHz. The aim of this study was to experimentally verify a possible causal relationship between the violation of the molecular structure of intracellular water in healthy tissues and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitali Kalantaryan
- Yerevan State University, Department of Radiophysics and Electronics, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Radik Martirosyan
- Yerevan State University, Department of Radiophysics and Electronics, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Yuri Babayan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Medical Physics, Yerevan, Armenia
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9
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Capareli F, Costa F, Tuszynski JA, Sousa MC, Setogute YDC, Lima PD, Carvalho L, Santos E, Gumz BP, Sabbaga J, de Castria TB, Jardim DL, Freitas D, Horvat N, Bezerra ROF, Testagrossa L, Costa T, Zanesco T, Iemma AF, Abou‐Alfa GK. Low-energy amplitude-modulated electromagnetic field exposure: Feasibility study in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:12402-12412. [PMID: 37184216 PMCID: PMC10278519 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and poor liver function lack effective systemic therapies. Low-energy electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can influence cell biological processes via non-thermal effects and may represent a new treatment option. METHODS This single-site feasibility trial enrolled patients with advanced HCC, Child-Pugh A and B, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0-2. Patients underwent 90-min amplitude-modulated EMF exposure procedures every 2-4 weeks, using the AutEMdev (Autem Therapeutics). Patients could also receive standard care. The primary endpoints were safety and the identification of hemodynamic variability patterns. Exploratory endpoints included health-related quality of life (HRQoL), overall survival (OS). and objective response rate (ORR) using RECIST v1.1. RESULTS Sixty-six patients with advanced HCC received 539 AutEMdev procedures (median follow-up, 30 months). No serious adverse events occurred during procedures. Self-limiting grade 1 somnolence occurred in 78.7% of patients. Hemodynamic variability during EMF exposure was associated with specific amplitude-modulation frequencies. HRQoL was maintained or improved among patients remaining on treatment. Median OS was 11.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0, 16.6) overall (16.0 months [95% CI: 4.4, 27.6] and 12.0 months [6.4, 17.6] for combination therapy and monotherapy, respectively). ORR was 24.3% (32% and 17% for combination therapy and monotherapy, respectively). CONCLUSION AutEMdev EMF exposure has an excellent safety profile in patients with advanced HCC. Hemodynamic alterations at personalized frequencies may represent a surrogate of anti-tumor efficacy. NCT01686412.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederico Costa
- Oncology DepartmentHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
- Autem Medical LLCHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Autem Medical LLCHanoverNew HampshireUSA
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of OncologyCross Cancer Institute, University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | | | | | - Pablo D. Lima
- Oncology DepartmentHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Elizabeth Santos
- Oncology DepartmentHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
- Oncology DepartmentA. C. Camargo Cancer CenterSão PauloBrazil
| | - Brenda P. Gumz
- Oncology DepartmentHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | - Jorge Sabbaga
- Oncology DepartmentHospital Sírio‐LibanêsSão PauloBrazil
| | | | | | | | - Natally Horvat
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | | | - Tiago Costa
- Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical SciencesSão PauloBrazil
| | | | - Antonio F. Iemma
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Weill Medical College at Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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10
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Farsijani F, Safi S, Shirazi Beheshtiha SH. Comparison of the Performance of Bioresonance, Electrophoresis and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1077-1085. [PMID: 38028839 PMCID: PMC10657951 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.360790.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) continues to be one of the most researched infectious diseases of cats. The diagnosis of FIP is challenging, and diverse techniques have been developed for its accurate diagnosis. However, they have some limitations. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of specific modulation frequency (SMF), compared to other routine diagnostic methods for detecting feline coronavirus. Blood samples were collected from 30 diseased cats suspected of having FIP based on clinical signs. Electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and SMF tests were performed for each sample. The sensitivity and specificity of each test, as well as the agreement between the tests and the gold standard (the combination of PCR, electrophoresis, and bioresonance results), were calculated using the Kappa coefficient method. The sensitivity and specificity of electrophoresis, PCR, and SMF for the diagnosis of FIP were 70.6%, 70.6%, 100%, and 100%, 72.7%, 81.8%, respectively. According to the findings of the present study, SMF is effective and safe in FIP diagnosis, which is a challenge in veterinary medicine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farsijani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Safi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S H Shirazi Beheshtiha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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11
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Zhang G, Liu X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Yu T, Chai X, He J, Yin D, Zhang C. The effect of magnetic fields on tumor occurrence and progression: Recent advances. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 179:38-50. [PMID: 37019340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Malignancies are the leading human health threat worldwide. Despite rapidly developing treatments, poor prognosis and outcome are still common. Magnetic fields have shown good anti-tumoral effects both in vitro and in vivo, and represent a potential non-invasive treatment; however, the specific underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We here review recent studies on magnetic fields and their effect on tumors at three different levels: organismal, cellular, and molecular. At the organismal level, magnetic fields suppress tumor angiogenesis, microcirculation, and enhance the immune response. At the cellular level, magnetic fields affect tumor cell growth and biological functions by affecting cell morphology, cell membrane structure, cell cycle, and mitochondrial function. At the molecular level, magnetic fields suppress tumors by interfering with DNA synthesis, reactive oxygen species level, second messenger molecule delivery, and orientation of epidermal growth factor receptors. At present, scientific experimental evidence is still lacking; therefore, systematic studies on the biological mechanisms involved are urgently needed for the future application of magnetic fields to tumor treatment.
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12
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Qin T, Liu L, Wang X, Guo L, Lin J, Du J, Xue Y, Lai P, Jing Y, Ding G. Combined effects of EMP and RF field on emotional behavior in mice. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1087161. [PMID: 37006533 PMCID: PMC10061096 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1087161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRecently, concerns about the combined effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) in daily living and occupational environment are rapidly growing.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the combined effects of 1-week exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) at 650 kV/m for 1,000 pulses and 4.9 GHz radiofrequency (RF) at 50 W/m2 for 1 h/d in male mice. Open field test, tail suspension test and Y-maze were applied to evaluate anxiety, depression-like behaviors and spatial memory ability, respectively.ResultsIt was found that compared with Sham group, combined exposure to EMP and RF induced anxiety-like behavior, increased the level of serum S100B and decreased the level of serum 5-HT. The results of quantitative proteomic and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins in hippocampus were enriched in Glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse after combined exposure group, which were verified by western blot. In addition, an obvious histological alteration and autophagy-associated cell death were observed in amygdala instead of hippocampus after combined exposure to EMP and 4.9 GHz RF.ConclusionCombined exposure to EMP and 4.9 GHz RF could induce emotional behavior alteration, which might be associated with Glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse system of hippocampus and autophagy in amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Qin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiajin Lin
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Junze Du
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yizhe Xue
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Panpan Lai
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuntao Jing
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
| | - Guirong Ding
- Department of Radiation Protection Medicine, School of Preventive Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Guirong Ding
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13
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Detection of the characteristic magnetic signal of paclitaxel and its application in the inhibition of glioma cells. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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14
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Di Gregorio E, Israel S, Staelens M, Tankel G, Shankar K, Tuszyński JA. The distinguishing electrical properties of cancer cells. Phys Life Rev 2022; 43:139-188. [PMID: 36265200 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, medical research has been primarily focused on the inherited aspect of cancers, despite the reality that only 5-10% of tumours discovered are derived from genetic causes. Cancer is a broad term, and therefore it is inaccurate to address it as a purely genetic disease. Understanding cancer cells' behaviour is the first step in countering them. Behind the scenes, there is a complicated network of environmental factors, DNA errors, metabolic shifts, and electrostatic alterations that build over time and lead to the illness's development. This latter aspect has been analyzed in previous studies, but how the different electrical changes integrate and affect each other is rarely examined. Every cell in the human body possesses electrical properties that are essential for proper behaviour both within and outside of the cell itself. It is not yet clear whether these changes correlate with cell mutation in cancer cells, or only with their subsequent development. Either way, these aspects merit further investigation, especially with regards to their causes and consequences. Trying to block changes at various levels of occurrence or assisting in their prevention could be the key to stopping cells from becoming cancerous. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge regarding the electrical landscape of cells is much needed. We review four essential electrical characteristics of cells, providing a deep understanding of the electrostatic changes in cancer cells compared to their normal counterparts. In particular, we provide an overview of intracellular and extracellular pH modifications, differences in ionic concentrations in the cytoplasm, transmembrane potential variations, and changes within mitochondria. New therapies targeting or exploiting the electrical properties of cells are developed and tested every year, such as pH-dependent carriers and tumour-treating fields. A brief section regarding the state-of-the-art of these therapies can be found at the end of this review. Finally, we highlight how these alterations integrate and potentially yield indications of cells' malignancy or metastatic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Simone Israel
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Autem Therapeutics, 35 South Main Street, Hanover, 03755, NH, USA
| | - Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tankel
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Karthik Shankar
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211 116 Street NW, Edmonton, T6G 1H9, AB, Canada
| | - Jack A Tuszyński
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, Torino, 10129, TO, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Drive NW, Edmonton, T6G 2E1, AB, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, T6G 1Z2, AB, Canada.
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15
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Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields Cause Non-Temperature-Induced Physical and Biological Effects in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215349. [PMID: 36358768 PMCID: PMC9655505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields are used for tumor heating as adjunct therapy, but it appears that sufficient temperatures can sometimes not be reached. We therefore aimed to study potential non-temperature-induced anticancer effects when adding amplitude modulation to the radiofrequency waves. We could demonstrate in a colorectal cancer model that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields do have anticancer effects when not being induced by increased temperature that can be further increased by amplitude modulation. Therefore, this treatment could potentially serve as a more effective tumor therapy. Abstract Non-temperature-induced effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) have been controversial for decades. Here, we established measurement techniques to prove their existence by investigating energy deposition in tumor cells under RF exposure and upon adding amplitude modulation (AM) (AMRF). Using a preclinical device LabEHY-200 with a novel in vitro applicator, we analyzed the power deposition and system parameters for five human colorectal cancer cell lines and measured the apoptosis rates in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo in comparison to water bath heating. We showed enhanced anticancer effects of RF and AMRF in vitro and in vivo and verified the non-temperature-induced origin of the effects. Furthermore, apoptotic enhancement by AM was correlated with cell membrane stiffness. Our findings not only provide a strategy to significantly enhance non-temperature-induced anticancer cell effects in vitro and in vivo but also provide a perspective for a potentially more effective tumor therapy.
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16
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Tuszynski JA, Costa F. Low-energy amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as a systemic treatment for cancer: Review and proposed mechanisms of action. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:869155. [PMID: 36157082 PMCID: PMC9498185 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.869155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to Low-Energy Amplitude-Modulated Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (LEAMRFEMF) represents a new treatment option for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AHCC). We focus on two medical devices that modulate the amplitude of a 27.12 MHz carrier wave to generate envelope waves in the low Hz to kHz range. Each provides systemic exposure to LEAMRFEMF via an intrabuccal antenna. This technology differs from so-called Tumour Treating Fields because it uses different frequency ranges, uses electromagnetic rather than electric fields, and delivers energy systemically rather than locally. The AutemDev also deploys patient-specific frequencies. LEAMRFEMF devices use 100-fold less power than mobile phones and have no thermal effects on tissue. Tumour type-specific or patient-specific treatment frequencies can be derived by measuring haemodynamic changes induced by exposure to LEAMRFEMF. These specific frequencies inhibited growth of human cancer cell lines in vitro and in mouse xenograft models. In uncontrolled prospective clinical trials in patients with AHCC, minorities of patients experienced complete or partial tumour responses. Pooled comparisons showed enhanced overall survival in treated patients compared to historical controls. Mild transient somnolence was the only notable treatment-related adverse event. We hypothesize that intracellular oscillations of charged macromolecules and ion flows couple resonantly with LEAMRFEMF. This resonant coupling appears to disrupt cell division and subcellular trafficking of mitochondria. We provide an estimate of the contribution of the electromagnetic effects to the overall energy balance of an exposed cell by calculating the power delivered to the cell, and the energy dissipated through the cell due to EMF induction of ionic flows along microtubules. We then compare this with total cellular metabolic energy production and conclude that energy delivered by LEAMRFEMF may provide a beneficial shift in cancer cell metabolism away from aberrant glycolysis. Further clinical research may confirm that LEAMRFEMF has therapeutic value in AHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Tuszynski
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Autem Therapeutics, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Frederico Costa
- Autem Therapeutics, Hanover, NH, United States
- Oncology Department, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Wust P, Stein U, Ghadjar P. Non-thermal membrane effects of electromagnetic fields and therapeutic applications in oncology. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:715-731. [PMID: 33910472 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1914354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature-independent effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been controversial for decades. Here, we critically analyze the available literature on non-thermal effects of radiofrequency (RF) and microwave EMF. We present a literature review of preclinical and clinical data on non-thermal antiproliferative effects of various EMF applications, including conventional RF hyperthermia (HT, cRF-HT). Further, we suggest and evaluate plausible biophysical and electrophysiological models to decipher non-thermal antiproliferative membrane effects. Available preclinical and clinical data provide sufficient evidence for the existence of non-thermal antiproliferative effects of exposure to cRF-HT, and in particular, amplitude modulated (AM)-RF-HT. In our model, transmembrane ion channels function like RF rectifiers and low-pass filters. cRF-HT induces ion fluxes and AM-RF-HT additionally promotes membrane vibrations at specific resonance frequencies, which explains the non-thermal antiproliferative membrane effects via ion disequilibrium (especially of Ca2+) and/or resonances causing membrane depolarization, the opening of certain (especially Ca2+) channels, or even hole formation. AM-RF-HT may be tumor-specific owing to cancer-specific ion channels and because, with increasing malignancy, membrane elasticity parameters may differ from that in normal tissues. Published literature suggests that non-thermal antiproliferative effects of cRF-HT are likely to exist and could present a high potential to improve future treatments in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wust
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Veyret B, Arnaud-Cormos D, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lagroye I, Leveque P, Percherancier Y. Search for tumor-specific frequencies of amplitude-modulated 27 MHz electromagnetic fields in mice with hepatocarcinoma xenografted tumors: there are none so blind as those who will not read. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:959-960. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1770363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Veyret
- IMS Laboratory - CNRS UMR 5218, Bordeaux 1 University, Talence, France
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19
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Zhu M, Yang Z, Yu H, Zhu Q, Xu Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhao W, Liang Z, Chen L. The efficacy and safety of low-frequency rotating static magnetic field therapy combined with chemotherapy on advanced lung cancer patients: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:943-950. [PMID: 32238091 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1748737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of magnetic field (MF) therapy by a randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial.Materials and methods: From February 2016 to August 2019, patients with advanced lung cancer who conformed to inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Patients were assigned into MF therapy group (MF group, receiving both MF therapy and chemotherapy) and control group (CON group, receiving sham MF therapy and chemotherapy) randomly. The treatment course was 21 days and 2 hours per day. Changes of life quality assessment scales, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were analyzed as primary end points. The secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), change of blood cytokine concentrations and safety. This study has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT02701231).Results: 77 patients were enrolled and 60 finished the study. Comparing to CON group, more patients in MF group (66.7% vs 25.9%) were experiencing life quality improvement on day 21. Besides, MF group patients had higher concentrations of IP-10 and GM-CSF, and lower concentration of sTREM-1 in plasma. However, the two groups were having similar ORR, DCR and PFS after treatment. Moreover, MF treatment did not increase adverse events in MF group.Conclusions: MF therapy could improve life quality and modulate blood cytokine concentration in advanced lung cancer patients. Hence, it might be applied as an adjuvant therapy along with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanran Li
- Department of Neurology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Liang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liangan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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20
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Jimenez H, Sharma S, Sheffield K, Agyemang K, Johansen A, Blackman C, Watabe K, Barbault A, Pasche B. Comments on 'Search for tumor-specific frequencies of amplitude modulated 27 MHz electromagnetic fields in mice with hepatocarcinoma xenografted tumors'. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:845-846. [PMID: 32223577 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1748740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kimberly Sheffield
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kojo Agyemang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Allan Johansen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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21
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Nguyen TTH, Nguyen VH, Nguyen VH, Nguyen TL, Le VQ. Role of Baseline Albumin-Bilirubin Grade on Predict Overall Survival Among Sorafenib-Treated Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Vietnam. Cancer Control 2020; 26:1073274819865269. [PMID: 31364390 PMCID: PMC6669852 DOI: 10.1177/1073274819865269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade has been recently used in evaluation of liver function and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, in Vietnam, the utility of ALBI grade in clinical setting has not been adequately investigated. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 110 patients with HCC treated with sorafenib from January 2010 to November 2018 at 2 tertiary hospitals in Vietnam. Prognostic value of ALBI grade was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional regression model. Results: Results showed that the majority of ALBI grade 1 were Child-Pugh level A (97.5%); ALBI grade 2 was seen in all Child-Pugh score groups of 5, 6, 7, ≥8, whereas ALBI grade 3 was mostly reported in Child-Pugh score ≥8 group (83.3%). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 1 reduced 66.4% risk of death (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.336, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.115-0.981; P = .046). Compared with ALBI grade 3, ALBI grade 2 reduced 67.3% risk of death (HR = 0.327, 95% CI: 0.122-0.875; P = .026). Albumin-bilirubin grade was an independent predictor of survival outcome. Conclusion: Baseline ALBI grade is a simple and objective approach in assessing liver functions of patients with HCC. Baseline ALBI grade is an independent predictor of survival in patients treated with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Huong Nguyen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,2 Department of General Medical Oncology, Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hieu Nguyen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Hung Nguyen
- 1 Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Quang Le
- 1 Department of Oncology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,2 Department of General Medical Oncology, Vietnam National Cancer Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
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22
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Veyret B, Arnaud-Cormos D, Poque E, Poulletier de Gannes F, Hurtier A, Decourt R, Khiev S, N'Kaoua G, Lagroye I, Lévêque P, Percherancier Y. Search for tumor-specific frequencies of amplitude-modulated 27 MHz electromagnetic fields in mice with hepatocarcinoma xenografted tumors. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:411-418. [PMID: 31746658 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The Pasche research group has reported that tumor-specific electromagnetic field frequencies have physiological and potential anti-tumor effects in cells, animals, and humans. Our aim was to investigate whether these fields have similar effects on physiological parameters in murine tumor models.Methods: Human HuH7 or HEPG2 cells were implanted in the right flank of 8-week-old female RAG gamma 2 C immunodeficient mice. An oximeter was used to record systolic blood pressure (pulse) in free-roaming conscious mice. Mice pulses were recorded and analyzed using a in-house software that also controlled the low-frequency generator for modulating the 27.12 MHz carrier wave at selected frequencies.Results: We performed exposures using both systematic scans at low frequencies and at the pre-determined frequencies reported by the Pasche group as altering both pulse and tumor growth in humans. Those exposures produced no detectable change in physiological parameters of tumor-bearing mice.Conclusion: No tumor-related frequencies were found, neither using systematic scans of frequencies nor published specific frequencies. There might obviously be differences between animal and human models, but our approach did not confirm the physiological data of the human Pasche group data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Veyret
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Poque
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Annabelle Hurtier
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | | | - Sokha Khiev
- LCPO, CNRS, UMR 5629, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Gilles N'Kaoua
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Isabelle Lagroye
- IMS Laboratory, CNRS, UMR 5218, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France.,Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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Mattsson MO, Simkó M. Emerging medical applications based on non-ionizing electromagnetic fields from 0 Hz to 10 THz. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2019; 12:347-368. [PMID: 31565000 PMCID: PMC6746309 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s214152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for using non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (EMF; at frequencies from 0 Hz up to the THz range) for medical purposes has been of interest since many decades. A number of established and familiar methods are in use all over the world. This review, however, provides an overview of applications that already play some clinical role or are in earlier stages of development. The covered methods include modalities used for bone healing, cancer treatment, neurological conditions, and diathermy. In addition, certain other potential clinical areas are touched upon. Most of the reviewed technologies deal with therapy, whereas just a few diagnostic approaches are mentioned. None of the discussed methods are having such a strong impact in their field of use that they would be expected to replace conventional methods. Partly this is due to a knowledge base that lacks mechanistic explanations for EMF effects at low-intensity levels, which often are used in the applications. Thus, the possible optimal use of EMF approaches is restricted. Other reasons for the limited impact include a scarcity of well-performed randomized clinical trials that convincingly show the efficacy of the methods and that standardized user protocols are mostly lacking. Presently, it seems that some EMF-based methods can have a niche role in treatment and diagnostics of certain conditions, mostly as a complement to or in combination with other, more established, methods. Further development and a stronger impact of these technologies need a better understanding of the interaction mechanisms between EMF and biological systems at lower intensity levels. The importance of the different physical parameters of the EMF exposure needs also further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats-Olof Mattsson
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Myrtill Simkó
- SciProof International AB, Östersund, Sweden
- Strömstad Akademi, Institute for Advanced Studies, Strömstad, Sweden
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24
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Calabrò E, Magazù S. New Perspectives in the Treatment of Tumor Cells by Electromagnetic Radiation at Resonance Frequencies in Cellular Membrane Channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/187407070190130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The use of electromagnetic fields has been considered as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of cancer given that some clinical trials have shown that the irradiation of cancer cells with electromagnetic fields can slow down the disease progression.
Aims:
We hypothesize that this effect could be amplified by irradiating tumor cells with electromagnetic fields having frequencies close to the natural resonant frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells, in order to obtain a significant change of the ion flux across tumor cell membrane channels, inducing the largest harmful alteration in their cellular function.
Methods:
Neuronal-like cells were used as a cell model and exposed for 6 h to electromagnetic fields at different frequencies (0, 50 Hz, 900 MHz) at the same intensity of 2 mT. The exposure system was represented by two Helmholtz coils driven by a power amplifier in current mode and an arbitrary function generator. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the results of the exposure.
Results:
The results of this study showed that the Amide I vibration band increased in intensity with the increase of the frequency, leading us to assume that the displacement of the cell channels α-helices depends on the frequency of the applied electromagnetic fields.
Conclusion:
This preliminary result leads us to plan future research aimed at searching for the natural frequencies of membrane channels in tumor cells using resonant electromagnetic fields in order to damage the cellular functions of tumor cells. Clinical trials are needed to confirm such a hypothesis derived from this physical study.
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25
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Jimenez H, Wang M, Zimmerman JW, Pennison MJ, Sharma S, Surratt T, Xu ZX, Brezovich I, Absher D, Myers RM, DeYoung B, Caudell DL, Chen D, Lo HW, Lin HK, Godwin DW, Olivier M, Ghanekar A, Chen K, Miller LD, Gong Y, Capstick M, D'Agostino RB, Munden R, Merle P, Barbault A, Blackstock AW, Bonkovsky HL, Yang GY, Jin G, Liu L, Zhang W, Watabe K, Blackman CF, Pasche BC. Tumour-specific amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields induce differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting Ca v3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels and Ca 2+ influx. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:209-224. [PMID: 31160272 PMCID: PMC6604666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of amplitude modulated 27·12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (AM RF EMF) by means of a spoon-shaped applicator placed on the patient's tongue is a newly approved treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanism of action of tumour-specific AM RF EMF is largely unknown. METHODS Whole body and organ-specific human dosimetry analyses were performed. Mice carrying human HCC xenografts were exposed to AM RF EMF using a small animal AM RF EMF exposure system replicating human dosimetry and exposure time. We performed histological analysis of tumours following exposure to AM RF EMF. Using an agnostic genomic approach, we characterized the mechanism of action of AM RF EMF. FINDINGS Intrabuccal administration results in systemic delivery of athermal AM RF EMF from head to toe at levels lower than those generated by cell phones held close to the body. Tumour shrinkage results from differentiation of HCC cells into quiescent cells with spindle morphology. AM RF EMF targeted antiproliferative effects and cancer stem cell inhibiting effects are mediated by Ca2+ influx through Cav3·2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels (CACNA1H) resulting in increased intracellular calcium concentration within HCC cells only. INTERPRETATION Intrabuccally-administered AM RF EMF is a systemic therapy that selectively block the growth of HCC cells. AM RF EMF pronounced inhibitory effects on cancer stem cells may explain the exceptionally long responses observed in several patients with advanced HCC. FUND: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Centre Support Grant award number P30CA012197 issued to the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Centre (BP) and by funds from the Charles L. Spurr Professorship Fund (BP). DWG is supported by R01 AA016852 and P50 AA026117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Michael J Pennison
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Trevor Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Ivan Brezovich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Barry DeYoung
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - David L Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dwayne W Godwin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael Olivier
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Anand Ghanekar
- Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kui Chen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Yijian Gong
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myles Capstick
- IT'IS Foundation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Reginald Munden
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Philippe Merle
- Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, Lyon, France
| | | | - Arthur W Blackstock
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Herbert L Bonkovsky
- Section on Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Carl F Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
| | - Boris C Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Centre, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
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26
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Sharma S, Wu SY, Jimenez H, Xing F, Zhu D, Liu Y, Wu K, Tyagi A, Zhao D, Lo HW, Metheny-Barlow L, Sun P, Bourland JD, Chan MD, Thomas A, Barbault A, D'Agostino RB, Whitlow CT, Kirchner V, Blackman C, Pasche B, Watabe K. Ca 2+ and CACNA1H mediate targeted suppression of breast cancer brain metastasis by AM RF EMF. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:194-208. [PMID: 31129098 PMCID: PMC6604768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases are a major cause of death in patients with metastatic breast cancer. While surgical resection and radiation therapy are effective treatment modalities, the majority of patients will succumb from disease progression. We have developed a novel therapy for brain metastases that delivers athermal radiofrequency electromagnetic fields that are amplitude-modulated at breast cancer specific frequencies (BCF). METHODS 27.12 MHz amplitude-modulated BCF were administered to a patient with a breast cancer brain metastasis by placing a spoon-shaped antenna on the anterior part of the tongue for three one-hour treatments every day. In preclinical models, a BCF dose, equivalent to that delivered to the patient's brain, was administered to animals implanted with either brain metastasis patient derived xenografts (PDXs) or brain-tropic cell lines. We also examined the efficacy of combining radiation therapy with BCF treatment. Additionally, the mechanistic underpinnings associated with cancer inhibition was identified using an agnostic approach. FINDINGS Animal studies demonstrated a significant decrease in growth and metastases of brain-tropic cell lines. Moreover, BCF treatment of PDXs established from patients with brain metastases showed strong suppression of their growth ability. Importantly, BCF treatment led to significant and durable regression of brain metastasis of a patient with triple negative breast cancer. The tumour inhibitory effect was mediated by Ca2+ influx in cancer cells through CACNA1H T-type voltage-gated calcium channels, which, acting as the cellular antenna for BCF, activated CAMKII/p38 MAPK signalling and inhibited cancer stem cells through suppression of β-catenin/HMGA2 signalling. Furthermore, BCF treatment downregulated exosomal miR-1246 level, which in turn decreased angiogenesis in brain environment. Therefore, targeted growth inhibition of breast cancer metastases was achieved through CACNA1H. INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that BCF, as a single agent or in combination with radiation, is a novel treatment approach to the treatment of brain metastases. This paradigm shifting modality warrants further clinical trials for this unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambad Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Hugo Jimenez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dongqin Zhu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Linda Metheny-Barlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Peiqing Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - John D Bourland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Thomas
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher T Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Carl Blackman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America.
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27
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Novoselova EG, Novikov VV, Lunin SM, Glushkova OV, Novoselova TV, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselov SV, Khrenov MO, Fesenko EE. Effects of low-level combined static and weak low-frequency alternating magnetic fields on cytokine production and tumor development in mice. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 38:74-83. [PMID: 30472894 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1545667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of weak combined magnetic fields (MFs) produced by superimposing a constant MF (in the range 30 - 150 µT) and an alternating MF (100 or 200 nT) on cytokine production in healthy Balb/C male mice exposed 2 h daily for 14 days. The alternating magnetic field was a sum of several frequencies (ranging from 2.5 - 17.5 Hz). The frequencies of the alternating magnetic field were calculated formally based on the cyclotron resonance of ions of free amino acids (glutamic and aspartic acids, arginine, lysine, histidine, and tyrosine). The selection of different intensity and frequency combinations of constant and alternating magnetic fields was performed to find the optimal characteristics for cytokine production stimulation in immune cells. MF with a constant component of 60 μT and an alternating component of 100 nT, which was a sum of six frequencies (from 5 to 7 Hz), was found to stimulate the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-gamma, interleukin-2, and interleukin-3 in healthy mouse cells and induce cytokine accumulation in blood plasma. Then, we studied the effect of this MF on tumor-bearing mice with solid tumors induced by Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells by observing tumor development processes, including tumor size, mouse survival rate, and average lifespan. Tumor-bearing mice exposed to a combined constant magnetic field of 60 μT and an alternating magnetic field of 100 nT containing six frequencies showed a strong suppression of tumor growth with an increase in survival rate and enhancement of average lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vadim V Novikov
- a Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia
| | - Sergey M Lunin
- a Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia
| | - Olga V Glushkova
- a Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia
| | | | | | | | - Maxim O Khrenov
- a Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia
| | - Evgeny E Fesenko
- a Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS , Pushchino , Moscow region , Russia
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28
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Calabrò E, Magazù S. Resonant interaction between electromagnetic fields and proteins: A possible starting point for the treatment of cancer. Electromagn Biol Med 2018; 37:155-168. [DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2018.1499031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Calabrò
- Department of Mathematical and Informatics Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences of Messina University, Messina, Italy
- CISFA - Interuniversity Consortium of Applied Physical Sciences (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Scienze Fisiche Applicate), Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magazù
- Department of Mathematical and Informatics Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences of Messina University, Messina, Italy
- Le Studium, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans & Tours, Orléans, France
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire (CBM), rue Charles Sadron, Laboratoire Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures (ICMN) – UMR 7374 CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Orleans, France
- Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica “F. Severi” – INDAM – Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica – GNFM, Rome, Italy
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29
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Meijer DKF, Geesink HJH. Favourable and Unfavourable EMF Frequency Patterns in Cancer: Perspectives for Improved Therapy and Prevention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2018.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- b Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,c The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pisa , Italy
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31
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field inhibits cell proliferation via cAMP and ERK signaling in cancer cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2017; 39:217-230. [PMID: 29125193 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to specific electromagnetic field (EMF) patterns can affect a variety of biological systems. We have shown that exposure to Thomas-EMF, a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern, inhibited growth and altered cell signaling in malignant cells. Exposure to Thomas-EMF for 1 h/day inhibited the growth of malignant cells including B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT-20, and MCF-7 human breast cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells but did not affect non-malignant cells. The Thomas-EMF-dependent changes in cell proliferation were mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways. Exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF transiently changed the level of cellular cAMP and promoted ERK phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibitors (SQ22536) and activators (forskolin) of cAMP production both blocked the ability of Thomas-EMF to inhibit cell proliferation, and an inhibitor of the MAP kinase pathway (PD98059) was able to partially block Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Genetic modulation of protein kinase A (PKA) in B16-BL6 cells also altered the effect of Thomas-EMF on cell proliferation. Cells transfected with the constitutively active form of PKA (PKA-CA), which interfered with ERK phosphorylation, also interfered with the Thomas-EMF effect on cell proliferation. The non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in cAMP levels, ERK phosphorylation, or cell growth. These data indicate that exposure to the specific Thomas-EMF pattern can inhibit the growth of malignant cells in a manner dependent on contributions from the cAMP and MAP kinase pathways. Bioelectromagnetics. 39;217-230, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.,Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Mun EJ, Babiker HM, Weinberg U, Kirson ED, Von Hoff DD. Tumor-Treating Fields: A Fourth Modality in Cancer Treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:266-275. [PMID: 28765323 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in therapy, cancer continues to be a leading cause of mortality. In addition, toxicities of traditional therapies pose a significant challenge to tolerability and adherence. TTFields, a noninvasive anticancer treatment modality, utilizes alternating electric fields at specific frequencies and intensities to selectively disrupt mitosis in cancerous cells. TTFields target proteins crucial to the cell cycle, leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis. TTFields also facilitate an antitumor immune response. Clinical trials of TTFields have proven safe and efficacious in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and are FDA approved for use in newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM. Trials in other localized solid tumors are ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 266-75. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah J Mun
- University of Washington, Department of Internal Medicine, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Hani M Babiker
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Uri Weinberg
- Novocure Ltd., Topaz Building, MATAM Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eilon D Kirson
- Novocure Ltd., Topaz Building, MATAM Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Virginia G. Piper Cancer Center Clinical Trials, HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona.,Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Clinical Translational Research Division, Phoenix, Arizona
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33
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Yu C, Peng RY. Biological effects and mechanisms of shortwave radiation: a review. Mil Med Res 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28729909 PMCID: PMC5518414 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-017-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing knowledge of shortwave radiation, it is widely used in wireless communications, radar observations, industrial manufacturing, and medical treatments. Despite of the benefits from shortwave, these wide applications expose humans to the risk of shortwave electromagnetic radiation, which is alleged to cause potential damage to biological systems. This review focused on the exposure to shortwave electromagnetic radiation, considering in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological results that have provided insight into the biological effects and mechanisms of shortwave. Additionally, some protective measures and suggestions are discussed here in the hope of obtaining more benefits from shortwave with fewer health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850 China
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34
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. The effects of electromagnetic fields on B16-BL6 cells are dependent on their spatial and temporal character. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 38:165-174. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.22031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Alison L. Buckner
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Stan A. Koren
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Michael A. Persinger
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
| | - Robert M. Lafrenie
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Laurentian University; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Regional Cancer Program; Sudbury Regional Hospital; Sudbury Ontario Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine; Sudbury Ontario Canada
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35
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Vadalà M, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Laurino C, Iannitti T. Mechanisms and therapeutic effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in oncology. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3128-3139. [PMID: 27748048 PMCID: PMC5119968 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Available treatments are associated with numerous side effects and only a low percentage of patients achieve complete remission. Therefore, there is a strong need for new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy presents several potential advantages including non-invasiveness, safety, lack of toxicity for non-cancerous cells, and the possibility of being combined with other available therapies. Indeed, PEMF stimulation has already been used in the context of various cancer types including skin, breast, prostate, hepatocellular, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder, thyroid, and colon cancer in vitro and in vivo. At present, only limited application of PEMF in cancer has been documented in humans. In this article, we review the experimental and clinical evidence of PEMF therapy discussing future perspectives in its use in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vadalà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV- Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Carmen Laurino
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, Surgical Clinic, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Iannitti
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Blackman CF. Comment on "Milham & Stetzer (2016) Tumor-specific frequencies and ocular melanoma." Electromag Biol Med http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15368378.2016.1234390. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:167-168. [PMID: 27715332 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1234390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl F Blackman
- a Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center , Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
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Arendash GW. Review of the Evidence that Transcranial Electromagnetic Treatment will be a Safe and Effective Therapeutic Against Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:753-71. [PMID: 27258417 PMCID: PMC4981900 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in multiple studies that daily, long-term electromagnetic field (EMF) treatment in the ultra-high frequency range not only protects Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice from cognitive impairment, but also reverses such impairment in aged AD mice. Moreover, these beneficial cognitive effects appear to be through direct actions on the AD process. Based on a large array of pre-clinical data, we have initiated a pilot clinical trial to determine the safety and efficacy of EMF treatment to mild-moderate AD subjects. Since it is important to establish the safety of this new neuromodulatory approach, the main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of evidence supporting the safety of EMFs, particularly through transcranial electromagnetic treatment (TEMT). In addition to our own pre-clinical studies, a rich variety of both animal and cell culture studies performed by others have underscored the anticipated safety of TEMT in clinical AD trials. Moreover, numerous clinical studies have determined that short- or long-term human exposure to EMFs similar to those to be provided clinically by TEMT do not have deleterious effects on general health, cognitive function, or a variety of physiologic measures-to the contrary, beneficial effects on brain function/activity have been reported. Importantly, such EMF exposure has not been shown to increase the risk of any type of cancer in human epidemiologic studies, as well as animal and cell culture studies. In view of all the above, clinical trials of safety/efficacy with TEMT to AD subjects are clearly warranted and now in progress.
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Capstick M, Gong Y, Pasche B, Kuster N. An HF exposure system for mice with improved efficiency. Bioelectromagnetics 2016; 37:223-33. [DOI: 10.1002/bem.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yijian Gong
- IT'IS Foundation; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Integrated System Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - Boris Pasche
- Department of Cancer Biology; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center; Winston-Salem North Carolina
| | - Niels Kuster
- IT'IS Foundation; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Integrated System Laboratory; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
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Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP. Effects of radiation from a radiofrequency identification (RFID) microchip on human cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:156-61. [PMID: 26872622 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiofrequency identification (RFID) microchips are used to remotely identify objects, e.g. an animal in which a chip is implanted. A passive RFID microchip absorbs energy from an external source and emits a radiofrequency identification signal which is then decoded by a detector. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the radiofrequency energy emitted by a RFID microchip on human cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Molt-4 leukemia, BT474 breast cancer, and HepG2 hepatic cancer cells were exposed in vitro to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for 1 h. Cells were counted before and after exposure. Effects of pretreatment with the spin-trap compound N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone or the iron-chelator deferoxamine were also investigated. Results We found that the energy effectively killed/retarded the growth of the three different types of cancer cells, and the effect was blocked by the spin-trap compound or the iron-chelator, whereas an inactive microchip and energy from the external source had no significant effect on the cells. Conclusions Data of the present study suggest that radiofrequency field from the microchip affects cancer cells via the Fenton Reaction. Implantation of RFID microchips in tumors may provide a new method for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Lai
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Ho Wing Chan
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Narendra P Singh
- a Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
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Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field sensitizes cisplatin-resistant human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells via P53 activation. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1403-13. [PMID: 26370097 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the following study, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (EL-EMF) radiation was used to restore sensitivity in the cisplatin-resistant A2780 ovarian cancer cells. For this purpose A2780 cells were treated with different doses of cisplatin and EL-EMF (50 Hz, 200 gauss, and 2 h) alone. Cytotoxicity was the measurement using MTT assay. After calculating IC50 for cisplatin (90 µg/ml) a lower concentration from IC50 (30 and 60 µg/ml) was used to be combined with EL-EMF. We compare the effects of each cisplatin, EL-EMF and combination groups using acridine orange-propidium iodide (AO/PI) and DAPI staining, caspase 3/9 activation assay and Annexin/PI assay. We also assessed changes in P53 and Matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMPs) gene expression with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results indicated an EL-EMF-dependent proliferative decrease which was found <10 %, and occurred independently of cisplatin. The decreased proliferation rate for 30 and 60 µg/ml cisplatin was about 20 and 40 %, respectively, while for synergistic groups 30 and 60 µg/ml cisplatin with 2 h EL-EMF exposer, showed 47 and 71 % decrease in viability in rats. DAPI staining indicated that chromatin break down significantly increased in synergistic groups. Acridine orange staining also confirmed MTT assay results. Caspase activity significantly increased in the combined groups. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that in synergistic groups of cisplatin and EL-EMF, expression of P53 was increased but the expression level of MPP-2 gene decreased. Results from this study showed that changes generated by the non-invasive EL-EMF can make resistant cells sensitive to cisplatin.
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Buckner CA, Buckner AL, Koren SA, Persinger MA, Lafrenie RM. Inhibition of cancer cell growth by exposure to a specific time-varying electromagnetic field involves T-type calcium channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124136. [PMID: 25875081 PMCID: PMC4397079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposures affect many biological systems. The reproducibility of these effects is related to the intensity, duration, frequency, and pattern of the EMF. We have shown that exposure to a specific time-varying EMF can inhibit the growth of malignant cells. Thomas-EMF is a low-intensity, frequency-modulated (25-6 Hz) EMF pattern. Daily, 1 h, exposures to Thomas-EMF inhibited the growth of malignant cell lines including B16-BL6, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and HeLa cells but did not affect the growth of non-malignant cells. Thomas-EMF also inhibited B16-BL6 cell proliferation in vivo. B16-BL6 cells implanted in syngeneic C57b mice and exposed daily to Thomas-EMF produced smaller tumours than in sham-treated controls. In vitro studies showed that exposure of malignant cells to Thomas-EMF for > 15 min promoted Ca(2+) influx which could be blocked by inhibitors of voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channels. Blocking Ca(2+) uptake also blocked Thomas-EMF-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. Exposure to Thomas-EMF delayed cell cycle progression and altered cyclin expression consistent with the decrease in cell proliferation. Non-malignant cells did not show any EMF-dependent changes in Ca(2+) influx or cell growth. These data confirm that exposure to a specific EMF pattern can affect cellular processes and that exposure to Thomas-EMF may provide a potential anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A. Buckner
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison L. Buckner
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stan A. Koren
- Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A. Persinger
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Behavioural Neurosciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert M. Lafrenie
- Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Regional Cancer Program, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Filipovic N, Djukic T, Radovic M, Cvetkovic D, Curcic M, Markovic S, Peulic A, Jeremic B. Electromagnetic field investigation on different cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0084-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zimmerman JW, Jimenez H, Pennison MJ, Brezovich I, Morgan D, Mudry A, Costa FP, Barbault A, Pasche B. Targeted treatment of cancer with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2014; 32:573-81. [PMID: 24206915 PMCID: PMC3845545 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.013.10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past century, there have been many attempts to treat cancer with low levels of electric and magnetic fields. We have developed noninvasive biofeedback examination devices and techniques and discovered that patients with the same tumor type exhibit biofeedback responses to the same, precise frequencies. Intrabuccal administration of 27.12 MHz radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF), which are amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies, results in long-term objective responses in patients with cancer and is not associated with any significant adverse effects. Intrabuccal administration allows for therapeutic delivery of very low and safe levels of EMF throughout the body as exemplified by responses observed in the femur, liver, adrenal glands, and lungs. In vitro studies have demonstrated that tumor-specific frequencies identified in patients with various forms of cancer are capable of blocking the growth of tumor cells in a tissue- and tumor-specific fashion. Current experimental evidence suggests that tumor-specific modulation frequencies regulate the expression of genes involved in migration and invasion and disrupt the mitotic spindle. This novel targeted treatment approach is emerging as an appealing therapeutic option for patients with advanced cancer given its excellent tolerability. Dissection of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the anti-cancer effects of tumor-specific modulation frequencies is likely to lead to the discovery of novel pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn W Zimmerman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Curley SA, Palalon F, Lu X, Koshkina NV. Noninvasive radiofrequency treatment effect on mitochondria in pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer 2014; 120:3418-25. [PMID: 24986120 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy is important, especially for tumors that have poor response or develop resistance to standard chemotherapy and radiation. We discovered that noninvasive radiofrequency (RF) fields can affect cancer cells but not normal cells, inhibit progression of tumors in mice, and enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy. However, it remains unclear what physiological and molecular mechanisms this treatment induces inside cells. Here, we studied the effect of RF treatment on mitochondria in human pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS The morphology of mitochondria in cells was studied via electron microscopy. The alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) was accessed using a Mitotracker probe. The respiratory activity of mitochondria was evaluated by analyzing changes in oxygen consumption rates determined with a Mito Stress Test Kit. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was performed using flow cytometry. The colocalization of mitochondria and autophagosome markers in cells was performed using fluorescence immunostaining and confocal microscopy analysis. RESULTS RF fields treatment changed the morphology of mitochondria in cancer cells, altered polarization of the mitochondrial membrane, substantially impaired mitochondrial respiration, and increased reactive oxygen species production, indicating RF-induced stress on the mitochondria. We also observed frequent colocalization of the autophagosome marker LC3B with the mitochondrial marker Tom20 inside cancer cells after RF exposure, indicating the presence of mitochondria in the autophagosomes. This suggests that RF-induced stress can damage mitochondria and induce elimination of damaged organelles via autophagy. CONCLUSION RF treatment impaired the function of mitochondria in cancer cells. Therefore, mitochondria can represent one of the targets of the RF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Curley
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Molecular mechanisms underlying antiproliferative and differentiating responses of hepatocarcinoma cells to subthermal electric stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84636. [PMID: 24416255 PMCID: PMC3885594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) therapy applies currents of 0.4–0.6 MHz to treatment of inflammatory and musculoskeletal injuries. Previous studies have shown that intermittent exposure to CRET currents at subthermal doses exert cytotoxic or antiproliferative effects in human neuroblastoma or hepatocarcinoma cells, respectively. It has been proposed that such effects would be mediated by cell cycle arrest and by changes in the expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The present work focuses on the study of the molecular mechanisms involved in CRET-induced cytostasis and investigates the possibility that the cellular response to the treatment extends to other phenomena, including induction of apoptosis and/or of changes in the differentiation stage of hepatocarcinoma cells. The obtained results show that the reported antiproliferative action of intermittent stimulation (5 m On/4 h Off) with 0.57 MHz, sine wave signal at a current density of 50 µA/mm2, could be mediated by significant increase of the apoptotic rate as well as significant changes in the expression of proteins p53 and Bcl-2. The results also revealed a significantly decreased expression of alpha-fetoprotein in the treated samples, which, together with an increased concentration of albumin released into the medium by the stimulated cells, can be interpreted as evidence of a transient cytodifferentiating response elicited by the current. The fact that this type of electrical stimulation is capable of promoting both, differentiation and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cells, is of potential interest for a possible extension of the applications of CRET therapy towards the field of oncology.
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Amirzada MI, Yu M, Gong X, Chen Y, Zhu R, Lei J, Jin J. Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:135-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Recombinant human interleukin 24 (rhIL24) is a member of the interleukin 10 (IL10) family of cytokines with novel therapeutic properties. Human IL24 possesses three N glycosylation sites and a disulfide bridge. The cost and composition of culture media is critical for commercial-scale production of recombinant proteins in E. coli. Addition of yeast extract and glucose to medium enhances rhIL24 production, and the use of lactose instead of IPTG for induction drops the cost and decreases toxicity. In addition, a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding (2DR) strategy improves rhIL24 production. The 2DR strategy replaces a more conventional approach for protein solubilization and refolding. LC–MS/MS provides definitive identification and quantitative information on rhIL24. Single-step purified rhIL24 displayed biological activity on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but no effect on L02 cells. Proliferation analysis suggests that rhIL24 may have potential use as a medication. In the present study, we developed a simple process for producing quality product with high purity. The expression and purification of rhIL24 described here may be a step towards inexpensive large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Amirzada
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Minglei Yu
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohai Gong
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Chen
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Lei
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Jin
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi Jiangsu People’s Republic of China
- grid.9227.e 0000000119573309 Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai People’s Republic of China
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Nie Y, Du L, Mou Y, Xu Z, Weng L, Du Y, Zhu Y, Hou Y, Wang T. Effect of low frequency magnetic fields on melanoma: tumor inhibition and immune modulation. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:582. [PMID: 24314291 PMCID: PMC4029221 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that the low frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF) inhibited gastric and lung cancer cell growth. We suppose that exposure to LF-MF may modulate immune function so as to inhibit tumor. We here investigated whether LF-MF can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma and influence immune function. METHODS The effect of MF on the proliferation, cell cycle and ultrastracture of B16-F10 in vitro was detected by cell counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Lung metastasis mice were prepared by injection of 2 × 105 B16-F10 melanoma cells into the tail vein in C57BL/6 mice. The mice were then exposed to an LF-MF (0.4 T, 7.5 Hz) for 43 days. Survival rate, tumor markers and the innate and adaptive immune parameters were measured. RESULTS The growth of B16-F10 cells was inhibited after exposure to the LF-MF. The inhibition was related to induction of cell cycle arrest and decomposition of chromatins. Moreover, the LF-MF prolonged the mouse survival rate and inhibited the proliferation of B16-F10 in melanoma metastasis mice model. Furthermore, the LF-MF modulated the immune response via regulation of immune cells and cytokine production. In addition, the number of Treg cells was decreased in mice with the LF-MF exposure, while the numbers of T cells as well as dendritic cells were significantly increased. CONCLUSION LF-MF inhibited the growth and metastasis of melanoma cancer cells and improved immune function of tumor-bearing mice. This suggests that the inhibition may be attributed to modulation of LF-MF on immune function and LF-MF may be a potential therapy for treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yayi Hou
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Lab, Medical School & State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China.
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Could radiotherapy effectiveness be enhanced by electromagnetic field treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14974-95. [PMID: 23867611 PMCID: PMC3742283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals in radiobiology research is to enhance radiotherapy effectiveness without provoking any increase in toxicity. In this context, it has been proposed that electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known to be modulators of proliferation rate, enhancers of apoptosis and inductors of genotoxicity, might control tumor recruitment and, thus, provide therapeutic benefits. Scientific evidence shows that the effects of ionizing radiation on cellular compartments and functions are strengthened by EMF. Although little is known about the potential role of EMFs in radiotherapy (RT), the radiosensitizing effect of EMFs described in the literature could support their use to improve radiation effectiveness. Thus, we hypothesized that EMF exposure might enhance the ionizing radiation effect on tumor cells, improving the effects of RT. The aim of this paper is to review reports of the effects of EMFs in biological systems and their potential therapeutic benefits in radiotherapy.
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Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV. Exposure of tumor-bearing mice to extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation modifies the composition of fatty acids in thymocytes and tumor tissue. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:602-10. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.784426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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