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Tu X, Zhang J, Yuan W, Wu X, Xu Z, Qing C. Simvastatin Enhanced Anti-tumor Effects of Bevacizumab against Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells via Abating HIF-1α-Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2083-2094. [PMID: 37587804 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230816090914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab increased hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) expression attenuates its antitumor effect. Simvastatin can reduce the expression of HIF-1α to exert a tumor-suppressive effect in many in vitro experiments. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether simvastatin could strengthen the anti-tumor activity of bevacizumab in lung adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE To determine whether simvastatin could strengthen the anti-tumor activity of bevacizumab in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS The changes in the biological behavior of A549 cells treated with different drugs were determined through colony forming assay, Cell Counting Assay-8 (CCK-8), transwell assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry. The expressions of pathway-related factors HIF-1α and β-Catenin were determined via qRT-PCR and western blotting. The expressions of proliferation-related proteins, invasion-related proteins, and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blotting. In addition, a xenograft non-small cell lung cancer model in nude mice was used to explore in vivo tumor growth. RESULTS We found that simvastatin combined with bevacizumab synergistically suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells while promoting their apoptosis. As demonstrated by qRT-PCR and western blotting experiments, the bevacizumab group displayed a higher expression of pathway-related factors HIF-1α and β-Catenin than the control groups, however simvastatin group showed the opposite trend. Its combination with bevacizumab induced elevation of HIF-1α and β-catenin expressions. During in vivo experiments, simvastatin inhibited tumor growth, and in comparison, the inhibitory effects of its combination with bevacizumab were stronger. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, simvastatin may affect the biological responses of bevacizumab on A549 cells by restraining the HIF-1α-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thus representing a novel and effective combination therapy that can be potentially applied in a clinical therapy for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuo Qing
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Renal Carcinoma and Angiogenesis: Therapeutic Target and Biomarkers of Response in Current Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246167. [PMID: 36551652 PMCID: PMC9776425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the aberrant hypervascularization and the high immune infiltration of renal tumours, current therapeutic regimens of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) target angiogenic or immunosuppressive pathways or both. Tumour angiogenesis plays an essential role in tumour growth and immunosuppression. Indeed, the aberrant vasculature promotes hypoxia and can also exert immunosuppressive functions. In addition, pro-angiogenic factors, including VEGF-A, have an immunosuppressive action on immune cells. Despite the progress of treatments in RCC, there are still non responders or acquired resistance. Currently, no biomarkers are used in clinical practice to guide the choice between the different available treatments. Considering the role of angiogenesis in RCC, angiogenesis-related markers are interesting candidates. They have been studied in the response to antiangiogenic drugs (AA) and show interest in predicting the response. They have been less studied in immunotherapy alone or combined with AA. In this review, we will discuss the role of angiogenesis in tumour growth and immune escape and the place of angiogenesis-targeted biomarkers to predict response to current therapies in RCC.
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3
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Liu Q, Guan C, Liu C, Li H, Wu J, Sun C. Targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha: A new strategy for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Feasibility Study on Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI to Assess the Effect of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy within the STAR Trial of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071302. [PMID: 34359384 PMCID: PMC8306403 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters predictive of early disease progression in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) treated with anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Methods: The study was linked to a phase II/III randomised control trial. Patients underwent DCE-MRI before, at 4- and 10-weeks after initiation of TKI. DCE-MRI parameters at each time-point were derived from a single-compartment tracer kinetic model, following semi-automated tumour segmentation by two independent readers. Primary endpoint was correlation of DCE-MRI parameters with disease progression at 6-months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated for parameters associated with disease progression at 6 months. Inter-observer agreement was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: 23 tumours in 14 patients were measurable. Three patients had disease progression at 6 months. The percentage (%) change in perfused tumour volume between baseline and 4-week DCE-MRI (p = 0.016), mean transfer constant Ktrans change (p = 0.038), and % change in extracellular volume (p = 0.009) between 4- and 10-week MRI, correlated with early disease progression (AUC 0.879 for each parameter). Inter-observer agreement was excellent for perfused tumour volume, Ktrans and extracellular volume (ICC: 0.928, 0.949, 0.910 respectively). Conclusions: Early measurement of DCE-MRI biomarkers of tumour perfusion at 4- and 10-weeks predicts disease progression at 6-months following TKI therapy in mRCC.
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Xie W, Zhao H, Wang F, Wang Y, He Y, Wang T, Zhang K, Yang H, Zhou Z, Shi H, Wang J, Huang G. A novel humanized Frizzled-7-targeting antibody enhances antitumor effects of Bevacizumab against triple-negative breast cancer via blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:30. [PMID: 33436039 PMCID: PMC7802198 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapy has been widely applied to the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, the efficacy of such treatments has been called into question, especially in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bevacizumab, the first anti-angiogenic agent approved by FDA, actually increases invasive and metastatic properties of TNBC cells, resulting from the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to hypoxia. As a critical receptor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, Frizzled-7 (Fzd7) is aberrantly expressed in TNBC, indicating Fzd7 a potential target for developing drugs to be combined with anti-angiogenic agents. METHODS Hybridoma technique and antibody humanization technique were utilized to generate a Fzd7-targeting antibody (SHH002-hu1). Biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay and near infrared (NIR) imaging were conducted to detect the affinity and targeting ability of SHH002-hu1. Next, whether SHH002-hu1 could suppress the invasion and migration of TNBC cells induced by Bevacizumab were validated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated by luciferase reporter and western blot assays. The nude-mice transplanted TNBC models were established to assess the anti-TNBC activities of SHH002-hu1 when combined with Bevacizumab. Then, the effects on putative TNBC stem-like cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling were evaluated by immunofluorescence (IF). Further, the tumor-initiating and self-renew capacity of TNBC cells were studied by secondary nude mouse xenograft model and sphere formation assay. In addition, the effects of SHH002-hu1 on the adaptation of TNBC cells to hypoxia were evaluated by the detection of vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional activity. RESULTS The novel humanized antibody targeting Fzd7 (SHH002-hu1) exhibited extremely high affinity with Fzd7, and specifically targeted to Fzd7+ cells and tumor tissues. SHH002-hu1 repressed invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation (EMT) of TNBC cells induced by Bevacizumab through abating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. SHH002-hu1 significantly enhanced the capacity of Bevacizumab to inhibit the growth of TNBC via reducing the subpopulation of putative TNBC stem-like cells, further attenuating Bevacizumab-enhanced tumor-initiating and self-renew capacity of TNBC cells. Moreover, SHH002-hu1 effectively restrained the adaptation of TNBC cells to hypoxia via disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSION SHH002-hu1 significantly enhances the anti-TNBC capacity of Bevacizumab, and shows the potential of preventing TNBC recurrence, suggesting SHH002-hu1 a good candidate for the synergistic therapy together with Bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huijie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
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Goh V, De Vita E. Arterial Spin Labeled Perfusion MRI for Assessing Antiangiogenic Therapy: A Step Forward or Just More Spin? Radiology 2020; 298:341-342. [PMID: 33263501 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020204199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Goh
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners (V.G., E.D.V.); and Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Level 1, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (V.G.)
| | - Enrico De Vita
- From the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, King's Health Partners (V.G., E.D.V.); and Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Level 1, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Rd, London SE1 7EH, England (V.G.)
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Kumar S, Sharife H, Kreisel T, Bar-Lev L, Grunewald M, Keshet E. Isolation of Tumor Cells Based on Their Distance from Blood Vessels. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3628. [PMID: 33659301 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential exposure of tumor cells to microenvironmental cues greatly impacts cell phenotypes, raising a need for position based sorting of tumor cells amenable to multiple OMICs and functional analyses. One such key determinant of tumor heterogeneity in solid tumors is its vasculature. Proximity to blood vessels (BVs) profoundly affects tumor cell phenotypes due to differential availability of oxygen, gradient exposure to blood-borne substances and inputs by angiocrine factors. To unravel the whole spectrum of genes, pathways and phenotypes impacted by BVs and to determine spatial domains of vascular influences, we developed a methodology for sorting tumor cells according to their relative distance from BVs. The procedure exemplified here using glioblastoma (GBM) model is based on differential uptake of intra-venously injected, freely-diffusing fluorescent dye that allows separation of stroma-free tumor cells residing in different, successive microenvironments amenable for subsequent OMICs and functional analyses. This reliable, easy to use, cost effective strategy can be extended to all solid tumors to study the impact of vasculature or the lack of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saran Kumar
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Husni Sharife
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tirzah Kreisel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Libat Bar-Lev
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Grunewald
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Keshet
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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9
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Yang QK, Chen T, Wang SQ, Zhang XJ, Yao ZX. Apatinib as targeted therapy for advanced bone and soft tissue sarcoma: a dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance while suffering drug resistance itself. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:279-298. [PMID: 32333216 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant tumors originated from mesenchymal tissues. They harbor more than 50 distinct subtypes and differ in pathological features and clinical courses. Despite the significant improvements in modern multi-modality treatment, the outcomes and overall survival rates remain poor for patients with advanced, refractory, metastatic, or relapsed diseases. The growth and metastasis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma largely depend on angiogenesis, and VEGF/VEGFR pathway is considered as the most prominent player in angiogenesis. Therefore, blockade of VEGF/VEGFR pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy to retard neovascularization. Several VEGFR inhibitors have been developed and revealed their favorable anti-neoplastic effects in various cancers, but such desirable anti-tumor effects are not obtained in advanced sarcomas because of multiple reasons, such as drug tolerance, short duration of response, and severe adverse effects. Fortunately, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that apatinib is a novel promising VEGFR2 inhibitor showing potent anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic activities in advanced sarcomas. Especially, apatinib has showed notable characteristics in multidrug resistance reversal, tumor regression, vascular normalization, immunosuppression alleviation, and enhancement of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic effects. However, apatinib also gets struck in dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents while suffering drug resistance itself, and several difficulties should be tackled before full use of apatinib. In this review, we discuss the outstanding characteristics and main predicaments of apatinib as targeted therapy in advanced sarcomas. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are rare but malignant tumors originated from mesenchymal tissues. They harbor more than 100 distinct subtypes and differ in features of pathologies and clinical courses. Despite the significant improvements in modern multi-modality treatment, the outcomes and overall survival rates remain poor for patients with advanced, refractory, metastatic, or relapsed lesions. The growth and metastasis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma largely depend on angiogenesis and VEGF/VEGFR pathways play a pivotal role in angiogenesis. Therefore, blockade of VEGF/VEGFR pathways is a promising therapeutic strategy. Several VEGFR inhibitors have been developed and verified in clinical trials but with unfavorable outcomes. Fortunately, preclinical studies and clinical trials have indicated that apatinib is a novel promising VEGFR2 inhibitor showing potent anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic activities in advanced sarcomas. Actually, apatinib has showed notable characteristics in multidrug resistance reversal, tumor regression, vascular normalization, immunosuppression alleviation, enhancement of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic effects. However, apatinib also gets struck in dilemma of reversing multidrug resistance of chemotherapeutic agents while suffering drug resistance itself, and several difficulties should be tackled before full use of apatinib. In this review, we discuss the outstanding characteristics and main predicaments of apatinib as targeted therapy in advanced sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Kun Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Shi-Qi Wang
- Troops 65651 of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, 121100, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Zhong-Xiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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El Kaffas A, Hoogi A, Zhou J, Durot I, Wang H, Rosenberg J, Tseng A, Sagreiya H, Akhbardeh A, Rubin DL, Kamaya A, Hristov D, Willmann JK. Spatial Characterization of Tumor Perfusion Properties from 3D DCE-US Perfusion Maps are Early Predictors of Cancer Treatment Response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6996. [PMID: 32332790 PMCID: PMC7181711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for noninvasive repeatable biomarkers to detect early cancer treatment response and spare non-responders unnecessary morbidities and costs. Here, we introduce three-dimensional (3D) dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) perfusion map characterization as inexpensive, bedside and longitudinal indicator of tumor perfusion for prediction of vascular changes and therapy response. More specifically, we developed computational tools to generate perfusion maps in 3D of tumor blood flow, and identified repeatable quantitative features to use in machine-learning models to capture subtle multi-parametric perfusion properties, including heterogeneity. Models were developed and trained in mice data and tested in a separate mouse cohort, as well as early validation clinical data consisting of patients receiving therapy for liver metastases. Models had excellent (ROC-AUC > 0.9) prediction of response in pre-clinical data, as well as proof-of-concept clinical data. Significant correlations with histological assessments of tumor vasculature were noted (Spearman R > 0.70) in pre-clinical data. Our approach can identify responders based on early perfusion changes, using perfusion properties correlated to gold-standard vascular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Assaf Hoogi
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Isabelle Durot
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huaijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jarrett Rosenberg
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Albert Tseng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hersh Sagreiya
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alireza Akhbardeh
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel L Rubin
- Department of Radiology, Integrative Biomedical Imaging Informatics at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aya Kamaya
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dimitre Hristov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Body Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Sobczuk P, Brodziak A, Khan MI, Chhabra S, Fiedorowicz M, Wełniak-Kamińska M, Synoradzki K, Bartnik E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Czarnecka AM. Choosing The Right Animal Model for Renal Cancer Research. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100745. [PMID: 32092671 PMCID: PMC7036425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the life expectancy of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the last decade is due to changes that have occurred in the area of preclinical studies. Understanding cancer pathophysiology and the emergence of new therapeutic options, including immunotherapy, would not be possible without proper research. Before new approaches to disease treatment are developed and introduced into clinical practice they must be preceded by preclinical tests, in which animal studies play a significant role. This review describes the progress in animal model development in kidney cancer research starting from the oldest syngeneic or chemically-induced models, through genetically modified mice, finally to xenograft, especially patient-derived, avatar and humanized mouse models. As there are a number of subtypes of RCC, our aim is to help to choose the right animal model for a particular kidney cancer subtype. The data on genetic backgrounds, biochemical parameters, histology, different stages of carcinogenesis and metastasis in various animal models of RCC as well as their translational relevance are summarized. Moreover, we shed some light on imaging methods, which can help define tumor microstructure, assist in the analysis of its metabolic changes and track metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sobczuk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Brodziak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mohammed Imran Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stuti Chhabra
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
| | - Michał Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marlena Wełniak-Kamińska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Synoradzki
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna M Czarnecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Str., Warsaw, Poland.
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Xu N, Bo Q, Shao R, Liang J, Zhai Y, Yang S, Wang F, Sun X. Chitinase-3-Like-1 Promotes M2 Macrophage Differentiation and Induces Choroidal Neovascularization in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4596-4605. [PMID: 31675076 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the principal pathological factor contributing to blindness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Infiltration of M2 macrophage is thought to contribute to CNV progress, although the way that regulates its differentiation remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of CHI3L1 in M2 differentiation and angiogenesis in CNV. Methods Serums from nAMD patients were tested for CHI3L1 expression. Mice were subjected to laser injury to induce CNV, and lesion expansion were tracked using fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and immunofluorescence analysis. Several strategies were taken to verify the contribution of M2 macrophage and CHI3L1: macrophage depletion by clodrosome, local CHI3L1 inhibition using intravitreally injection neutralize antibody (mAY), and depletion of CHI3L1 receptor (IL13-Ra2) by small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Tuber analysis was used to further determine angiogenetic effect of CHI3L1. Anti-VEGFA was used as positive control for mAY. Results Serum levels of CHI3L1 were highly elevated in nAMD patients. CHI3L1 was expressed by infiltrating M2 macrophages and was elevated as CNV progress in a mice model. System macrophage depletion and local suppression of CHI3L1 alleviated CNV formation while enhancing anti-VEGFA therapeutic effect. Stimulation of macrophage with recombinant CHI3L1 activated MAPK signaling cascade and induced transition to M2, while siRNA knockdown of IL13-Ra2 abolished it. In an in vitro coculture system, supernatants from CHI3L1-stimulated M2 macrophages and promoted tube vascularization. Conclusions These results unveil novel angiogenic regulation of CHI3L1 and M2 polarized macrophages in CNV development. These mechanistic insights may point to CHI3L1 as a new therapeutic target for treatment for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Bo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Depatrtment of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China.,Department of Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
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13
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Vessel co-option and resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Angiogenesis 2019; 23:55-74. [PMID: 31865479 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-019-09698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vessel co-option is a non-angiogenic mechanism of tumour vascularisation in which cancer cells utilise pre-existing blood vessels instead of inducing new blood vessel formation. Vessel co-option has been observed across a range of different tumour types, in both primary cancers and metastatic disease. Importantly, vessel co-option is now implicated as a major mechanism that mediates resistance to conventional anti-angiogenic drugs and this may help to explain the limited efficacy of this therapeutic approach in certain clinical settings. This includes the use of anti-angiogenic drugs to treat advanced-stage/metastatic disease, treatment in the adjuvant setting and the treatment of primary disease. In this article, we review the available evidence linking vessel co-option with resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in numerous tumour types, including breast, colorectal, lung and pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. The finding that vessel co-option is a significant mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy may have important implications for the future of anti-cancer therapy, including (a) predicting response to anti-angiogenic drugs, (b) the need to develop therapies that target both angiogenesis and vessel co-option in tumours, and (c) predicting the response to other therapeutic modalities, including immunotherapy.
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14
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Pozzessere C, Bassanelli M, Ceribelli A, Rasul S, Li S, Prior JO, Cicone F. Renal Cell Carcinoma: the Oncologist Asks, Can PSMA PET/CT Answer? Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:68. [PMID: 31605269 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically review the potential clinical applications of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioactive ligands in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RECENT FINDINGS Radioactive probes targeting PSMA hold promise in several malignancies in addition to prostate cancer, owing to the expression of PSMA by tumor neovasculature. The majority of clear cell RCCs (ccRCC), the most malignant RCC subtype, express PSMA on tumor-associated neovasculature. The endothelium of less aggressive RCC subtypes is PSMA positive in a lower, but still significant percentage of cases. PSMA might therefore represent an interesting theragnostic target in RCC. The preliminary data available suggest a potential role for PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals in complementing conventional imaging for staging ccRCC patients at risk of nodal involvement and oligometastatic disease. Additional applications of PSMA imaging may be the selection and the response assessment of patients receiving anti-angiogenic treatments. The effectiveness of PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy should also be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pozzessere
- Department of Radiology, AUSL Toscana Centro San Giuseppe Hospital, Viale Boccaccio 20, 50053, Empoli, Italy.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Bassanelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Camillo De Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Anna Ceribelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, San Camillo De Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy
| | - Sazan Rasul
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuren Li
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cicone
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Xie W, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Zhang K, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Huang G, Wang J. Oxymatrine enhanced anti-tumor effects of Bevacizumab against triple-negative breast cancer via abating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1796-1814. [PMID: 31497360 PMCID: PMC6726986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), was used in combination with traditional chemotherapy as the first line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and advanced ovarian cancer. However, it shows limited efficacy for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Bevacizumab shows potent anti-angiogenesis activity, meanwhile, it also increases invasive and metastatic properties of TNBC cells by activiting Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. To overcome this problem, and fully utilize its potency against cancer, further synergistic strategy is recommended to be developed, especially the concurrent use with those Wnt-targeting agents. Here, by screening a small library of traditional Chinese medicine, we identified a Chinese herb derived Oxymatrine, which could target Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and compromise the oncogenic effects of Bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was validated to induce epithelial-mesenchymal cell transformation (EMT) and cancer stem-like properties of TNBC cells in hypoxia/nutritional stress environment. On the contrary, Oxymatrine reversed the EMT phenotype and depleted the subpopulation of TNBC stem cells induced by Bevacizumab. Oxymatrine enhanced the anti-tumor effects of Bevacizumab in vivo, and holded the potential of reducing the risk of relapse and metastasis by impairing the self-renewal ability of TNBC stem cells. The underlying mechanism was elucidated: Bevacizumab stimulated Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, and Oxymatrine could compromise this effect. On this foundation, factoring into the satisfactory anti-angiogenic activity and low toxicity, Oxymatrine is a good candidate for the synergistic therapy together with Bevacizumab for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Graduate SchoolShanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Graduate SchoolShanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Yanjuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoli Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318, P. R. China
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16
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Liang X, Li H, Coussy F, Callens C, Lerebours F. An update on biomarkers of potential benefit with bevacizumab for breast cancer treatment: Do we make progress? Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:586-600. [PMID: 31564802 PMCID: PMC6736652 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab (BEV) is a definitely controversial antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. The initial excitement over improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) with BEV was tempered by an absence of overall survival (OS) benefit and serious adverse effects. Missing targeted population urged us to identify the predictive biomarkers for BEV efficacy. In this review we focus on the research in breast cancer and provide recent investigations on clinical, radiological, molecular and gene profiling markers of BEV efficacy, including the new results from randomized phase III clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of BEV in combination with comprehensive biomarker analyses. Current evidences indicate some predictive values for genetic variants, molecular imaging, VEGF pathway factors or associated factors in peripheral blood and gene profiling. The current challenge is to validate those potential biomarkers and implement them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Pharmacogenomic Unit, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Florence Coussy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Celine Callens
- Pharmacogenomic Unit, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Florence Lerebours
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, René Huguenin Hospital, Saint-Cloud 92210, France
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17
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Luengo-Gil G, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Perez-Henarejos SA, Navarro Manzano E, Chaves-Benito A, Garcia-Martinez E, Garcia-Garre E, Vicente V, Ayala de la Peña F. Angiogenic role of miR-20a in breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194638. [PMID: 29617404 PMCID: PMC5884522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a key process for tumor progression and a target for treatment. However, the regulation of breast cancer angiogenesis and its relevance for clinical resistance to antiangiogenic drugs is still incompletely understood. Recent developments on the contribution of microRNA to tumor angiogenesis and on the oncogenic effects of miR-17-92, a miRNA cluster, point to their potential role on breast cancer angiogenesis. The aim of this work was to establish the contribution of miR-20a, a member of miR-17-92 cluster, to tumor angiogenesis in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Methods Tube-formation in vitro assays with conditioned medium from MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were performed after transfection with miR-20a and anti-miR20a. For clinical validation of the experimental findings, we performed a retrospective analysis of a series of consecutive breast cancer patients (n = 108) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and with a full characterization of their vessel pattern and expression of angiogenic markers in pre-treatment biopsies. Expression of members of the cluster miR-17-92 and of angiogenic markers was determined by RT-qPCR after RNA purification from FFPE samples. Results In vitro angiogenesis assays with endothelial cells and conditioned media from breast cancer cell lines showed that transfection with anti-miR20a in MDA-MB-231 significantly decreased mean mesh size and total mesh area, while transfection with miR-20a in MCF7 cells increased mean mesh size. MiR-20a angiogenic effects were abrogated by treatment with aflibercept, a VEGF trap. These results were supported by clinical data showing that mir-20a expression was higher in tumors with no estrogen receptor or with more extensive nodal involvement (cN2-3). A higher miR-20a expression was associated with higher mean vessel size (p = 0.015) and with an angiogenic pattern consisting in larger vessels, higher VEGFA expression and presence of glomeruloid microvascular proliferations (p<0.001). This association was independent of tumor subtype and VEGFA expression. Conclusions Transfection of breast cancer cells with miR-20a induces vascular changes in endothelial tube-formation assays. Expression of miR-20a in breast invasive carcinomas is associated with a distinctive angiogenic pattern consisting in large vessels, anomalous glomeruloid microvascular proliferations and high VEGFA expression. Our results suggest a role for miR-20a in the regulation of breast cancer angiogenesis, and raise the possibility of its use as an angiogenic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gines Luengo-Gil
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gonzalez-Billalabeitia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Alejo Perez-Henarejos
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther Navarro Manzano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Elena Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Garcia-Garre
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ayala de la Peña
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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18
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Redundant angiogenic signaling and tumor drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 36:47-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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El Kaffas A, Gangeh MJ, Farhat G, Tran WT, Hashim A, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Tumour Vascular Shutdown and Cell Death Following Ultrasound-Microbubble Enhanced Radiation Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:314-327. [PMID: 29290810 PMCID: PMC5743550 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose radiotherapy effects are regulated by acute tumour endothelial cell death followed by rapid tumour cell death instead of canonical DNA break damage. Pre-treatment with ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) has enabled higher-dose radiation effects with conventional radiation doses. This study aimed to confirm acute and longitudinal relationships between vascular shutdown and tumour cell death following radiation and USMB in a wild type murine fibrosarcoma model using in vivo imaging. Methods: Tumour xenografts were treated with single radiation doses of 2 or 8 Gy alone, or in combination with low-/high-concentration USMB. Vascular changes and tumour cell death were evaluated at 3, 24 and 72 h following therapy, using high-frequency 3D power Doppler and quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) methods, respectively. Staining using in situ end labelling (ISEL) and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) of tumour sections were used to assess cell death and vascular distributions, respectively, as gold standard histological methods. Results: Results indicated a decrease in the power Doppler signal of up to 50%, and an increase of more than 5 dBr in cell-death linked QUS parameters at 24 h for tumours treated with combined USMB and radiotherapy. Power Doppler and quantitative ultrasound results were significantly correlated with CD31 and ISEL staining results (p < 0.05), respectively. Moreover, a relationship was found between ultrasound power Doppler and QUS results, as well as between micro-vascular densities (CD31) and the percentage of cell death (ISEL) (R2 0.5-0.9). Conclusions: This study demonstrated, for the first time, the link between acute vascular shutdown and acute tumour cell death using in vivo longitudinal imaging, contributing to the development of theoretical models that incorporate vascular effects in radiation therapy. Overall, this study paves the way for theranostic use of ultrasound in radiation oncology as a diagnostic modality to characterize vascular and tumour response effects simultaneously, as well as a therapeutic modality to complement radiation therapy.
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20
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Cai W, Chen QY, Dang LH, Luesch H. Apratoxin S10, a Dual Inhibitor of Angiogenesis and Cancer Cell Growth To Treat Highly Vascularized Tumors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:1007-1012. [PMID: 29057042 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal, hepatocellular, and neuroendocrine carcinomas are known as highly vascularized tumors. Although vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A)-targeted therapies have shown efficacy in the treatment of these cancers, drug resistance is a major concern and might be mediated by interleukin 6 (IL-6). Furthermore, upon antiangiogenic drug exposure, tumor cells may adapt to survive in a vascular-independent manner. Apratoxins are potent marine-derived cytotoxic in vivo-active agents, preventing cotranslational translocation in the secretory pathway, and show promise to overcome resistance by targeting angiogenesis and tumor growth simultaneously. We designed and synthesized a novel apratoxin analogue, apratoxin S10, with a balanced potency and stability as well as synthetic accessibility and scalability. We showed that apratoxin S10 potently inhibits both angiogenesis in vitro and growth of cancer cells from vascularized tumors. Apratoxin S10 down-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells and blocked the secretion of VEGF-A and IL-6 from cancer cells. It inhibited cancer cell growth through down-regulation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and compares favorably to currently approved RTK inhibitors in both angiogenesis and cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Cai
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development (CNPD3), and ∥Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Qi-Yin Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development (CNPD3), and ∥Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Long H. Dang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development (CNPD3), and ∥Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, ‡Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery
and Development (CNPD3), and ∥Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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21
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Ranieri G, Marech I, Niccoli Asabella A, Di Palo A, Porcelli M, Lavelli V, Rubini G, Ferrari C, Gadaleta CD. Tyrosine-Kinase Inhibitors Therapies with Mainly Anti-Angiogenic Activity in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Value of PET/CT in Response Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091937. [PMID: 28891933 PMCID: PMC5618586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most frequent renal tumor and the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced disease. Tumor angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development and progression of RCC together with hypoxia and glucose metabolism. These three pathways are strictly connected to the cell growth and proliferation, like a loop that is self-feeding. Over the last few years, the ever-deeper knowledge of its contribution in metastatic RCC led to the discovery of numerous tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting pro-angiogenic receptors at different levels such as sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, tivozanib, and dovitinib. As anti-angiogenic agents, TKIs interfere the loop, being able to inhibit tumor proliferation. TKIs are now available treatments for advanced RCC, which demonstrated to improve overall survival and/or progression free survival. Their effects can be detectable early on Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) by change in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake, the main radiotracer used to date, as a strong indicator of biological response. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated an ability to predict and monitor disease progression, allowing an early and reliable identification of responders, and could be used for image-guided optimization and "personalization" of anti-angiogenic regimens. New radiotracers for biometabolic imaging are currently under investigation, which exploit the other pathways involved in the cancer process, including cellular proliferation, aerobic metabolism, cell membrane synthesis, hypoxia and amino acid transport, as well as the angiogenic process, but they require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Marech
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Di Palo
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Porcelli
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
| | - Valentina Lavelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cristina Ferrari
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
| | - Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta
- Interventional Radiology Unit with Integrated Section of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Research Centre, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bary 70124, Italy.
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22
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Shinagare AB, Krajewski KM, Braschi-Amirfarzan M, Ramaiya NH. Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Role of the Radiologist in the Era of Precision Medicine. Radiology 2017; 284:333-351. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul B. Shinagare
- From the Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215; and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Katherine M. Krajewski
- From the Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215; and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Marta Braschi-Amirfarzan
- From the Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215; and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Nikhil H. Ramaiya
- From the Department of Imaging, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215; and Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Mass
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23
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Kelly-Morland C, Rudman S, Nathan P, Mallett S, Montana G, Cook G, Goh V. Evaluation of treatment response and resistance in metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) using integrated 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI); The REMAP study. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:392. [PMID: 28578690 PMCID: PMC5455133 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the first line standard of care for treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Accurate response assessment in the setting of antiangiogenic therapies remains suboptimal as standard size-related response criteria do not necessarily accurately reflect clinical benefit, as they may be less pronounced or occur later in therapy than devascularisation. The challenge for imaging is providing timely assessment of disease status allowing therapies to be tailored to ensure ongoing clinical benefit. We propose that combined assessment of morphological, physiological and metabolic imaging parameters using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG PET/MRI) will better reflect disease behaviour, improving assessment of response/non-response/relapse. METHODS/DESIGN The REMAP study is a single-centre prospective observational study. Eligible patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, planned for systemic therapy, with at least 2 lesions will undergo an integrated 18F-FDG PET and MRI whole body imaging with diffusion weighted and contrast-enhanced multiphasic as well as standard anatomical MRI sequences at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks of systemic therapy allowing 18F-FDG standardised uptake value (SUV), apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADC) and normalised signal intensity (SI) parameters to be obtained. Standard of care contrast-enhanced computed tomography CT scans will be performed at equivalent time-points. CT response categorisation will be performed using RECIST 1.1 and alternative (modified)Choi and MASS criteria. The reference standard for disease status will be by consensus panel taking into account clinical, biochemical and conventional imaging parameters. Intra- and inter-tumoural heterogeneity in vascular, diffusion and metabolic response/non-response will be assessed by image texture analysis. Imaging will also inform the development of computational methods for automated disease status categorisation. DISCUSSION The REMAP study will demonstrate the ability of integrated 18F-FDG PET-MRI to provide a more personalised approach to therapy. We suggest that 18F-FDG PET/MRI will provide superior sensitivity and specificity in early response/non-response categorisation when compared to standard CT (using RECIST 1.1 and alternative (modified)Choi or MASS criteria) thus facilitating more timely and better informed treatment decisions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is approved by the Southeast London Research Ethics Committee reference 16/LO/1499 and registered on the NIHR clinical research network portfolio ISRCTN12114913 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kelly-Morland
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Sarah Rudman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Paul Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN UK
| | - Susan Mallett
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Giovanni Montana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Gary Cook
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
| | - Vicky Goh
- Department of Cancer Imaging, King’s College London Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, St Thomas’ Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH UK
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Sun H, Zhang D, Yao Z, Lin X, Liu J, Gu Q, Dong X, Liu F, Wang Y, Yao N, Cheng S, Li L, Sun S. Anti-angiogenic treatment promotes triple-negative breast cancer invasion via vasculogenic mimicry. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:205-213. [PMID: 28278077 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1294288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that target angiogenesis have shown limited efficacy for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in clinical trials. Along with endothelium-dependent vessels, there is also vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in the microcirculation of malignant tumors. The role of VM is not completely understood regarding anti-angiogenic treatment. In this study, human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T and non-TNBC MCF-7 and BT474 tumor-bearing mice were treated with sunitinib, an anti-angiogenic drug, using a clinically relevant schedule. The drug was administered for one week and then discontinued. Tumor growth and invasion were observed, and the microcirculation patterns were detected with PAS/endomucin staining. Moreover, hypoxia and VM-associated proteins were evaluated with Hypoxyprobe kits and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Sunitinib significantly inhibited tumor growth in the TNBC and non-TNBC tumors. However, MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T tumors regrew and were more aggressive when the treatment was stopped. The discontinuation had no significant effect on the behavior of the non-TNBC MCF-7 and BT474 tumors. The growth of endothelium-dependent vessels in the TNBC MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T tumors were blocked by sunitinib, during which the number of VM channels significantly increased and resulted in a rebound of endothelium-dependent vessels after sunitinib discontinuation. Moreover, the VM-associated proteins VE-cadherin and Twist1 upregulated in the sunitinib-treated MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T tumors. Furthermore, the clinical significance of this upregulation was validated in 174 human breast cancers. The results from human breast cancer specimens indicated that there were more VM-positive TNBC cases than those in non-TNBC cases. HIF-1α, MMP2, VE-cadherin, and Twist1 were also expressed in a higher level in human TNBC compared with non-TNBC. In aconclusion, sunitinib promoted TNBC invasion by VM. The VM status could be helpful to predict the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Sun
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Danfang Zhang
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Pathology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Zhi Yao
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,c Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xian Lin
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Qiang Gu
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China.,b Department of Pathology , General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Xueyi Dong
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Fang Liu
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Yi Wang
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Nan Yao
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Siqi Cheng
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Linqi Li
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
| | - Shuya Sun
- a Department of Pathology , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , China
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25
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Bridgeman VL, Vermeulen PB, Foo S, Bilecz A, Daley F, Kostaras E, Nathan MR, Wan E, Frentzas S, Schweiger T, Hegedus B, Hoetzenecker K, Renyi-Vamos F, Kuczynski EA, Vasudev NS, Larkin J, Gore M, Dvorak HF, Paku S, Kerbel RS, Dome B, Reynolds AR. Vessel co-option is common in human lung metastases and mediates resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in preclinical lung metastasis models. J Pathol 2016; 241:362-374. [PMID: 27859259 PMCID: PMC5248628 DOI: 10.1002/path.4845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti‐angiogenic therapies have shown limited efficacy in the clinical management of metastatic disease, including lung metastases. Moreover, the mechanisms via which tumours resist anti‐angiogenic therapies are poorly understood. Importantly, rather than utilizing angiogenesis, some metastases may instead incorporate pre‐existing vessels from surrounding tissue (vessel co‐option). As anti‐angiogenic therapies were designed to target only new blood vessel growth, vessel co‐option has been proposed as a mechanism that could drive resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy. However, vessel co‐option has not been extensively studied in lung metastases, and its potential to mediate resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy in lung metastases is not established. Here, we examined the mechanism of tumour vascularization in 164 human lung metastasis specimens (composed of breast, colorectal and renal cancer lung metastasis cases). We identified four distinct histopathological growth patterns (HGPs) of lung metastasis (alveolar, interstitial, perivascular cuffing, and pushing), each of which vascularized via a different mechanism. In the alveolar HGP, cancer cells invaded the alveolar air spaces, facilitating the co‐option of alveolar capillaries. In the interstitial HGP, cancer cells invaded the alveolar walls to co‐opt alveolar capillaries. In the perivascular cuffing HGP, cancer cells grew by co‐opting larger vessels of the lung. Only in the pushing HGP did the tumours vascularize by angiogenesis. Importantly, vessel co‐option occurred with high frequency, being present in >80% of the cases examined. Moreover, we provide evidence that vessel co‐option mediates resistance to the anti‐angiogenic drug sunitinib in preclinical lung metastasis models. Assuming that our interpretation of the data is correct, we conclude that vessel co‐option in lung metastases occurs through at least three distinct mechanisms, that vessel co‐option occurs frequently in lung metastases, and that vessel co‐option could mediate resistance to anti‐angiogenic therapy in lung metastases. Novel therapies designed to target both angiogenesis and vessel co‐option are therefore warranted. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bridgeman
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Translational Cancer Research Unit (TCRU), GZA Hospitals St Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Shane Foo
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Agnes Bilecz
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frances Daley
- Breast Cancer Now Histopathology Core Facility, The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Eleftherios Kostaras
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mark R Nathan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Elaine Wan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Sophia Frentzas
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik Essen, University Hospital of University Duisburg-Essen, Germany.,MTA-SE Molecular Oncology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Renyi-Vamos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,The Royal Marsden, London, UK.,Cancer Research UK Centre, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sandor Paku
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Tumour Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.,National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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26
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Bufi E, Belli P, Di Matteo M, Giuliani M, Tumino M, Rinaldi P, Nardone L, Franceschini G, Mulé A, Bonomo L. Hypervascularity Predicts Complete Pathologic Response to Chemotherapy and Late Outcomes in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:e193-e201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Cancer therapy is mainly based on different combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Additionally, targeted therapies (designed to disrupt specific tumor hallmarks, such as angiogenesis, metabolism, proliferation, invasiveness, and immune evasion), hormonotherapy, immunotherapy, and interventional techniques have emerged as alternative oncologic treatments. Conventional imaging techniques and current response criteria do not always provide the necessary information regarding therapy success particularly to targeted therapies. In this setting, MR imaging offers an attractive combination of anatomic, physiologic, and molecular information, which may surpass these limitations, and is being increasingly used for therapy response assessment.
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28
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MEK inhibition abrogates sunitinib resistance in a renal cell carcinoma patient-derived xenograft model. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:920-928. [PMID: 27560553 PMCID: PMC5061902 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) typically respond initially, but usually develop resistance to therapy. We utilised transcriptome analysis to identify gene expression changes during development of sunitinib resistance in a RCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Methods: RCC tumours were harvested during pre-treatment, response and escape phases. Direct anti-proliferative effects of sunitinib plus MEK inhibitor were assessed. Activation status (phosphorylation) of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 was determined, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) sub-fractions were quantitated and G-CSF was measured by ELISA. Results: During the response phase, tumours exhibited 91% reduction in volume, characterised by decreased expression of cell survival genes. After 4-week treatment, tumours developed resistance to sunitinib, associated with increased expression of pro-angiogenic and cell survival genes. During tumour escape, cellular movement, inflammatory response and immune cell trafficking genes were induced, along with intra-tumoural accumulation of MDSC. In this PDX model, either continuous treatment with sunitinib plus MEK inhibitor PD-0325901, or switching from sunitinib to PD-0325901 was effective. The combination of PD-0325901 with TKI suppressed intra-tumoural phospho-MEK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2 and MDSC. Conclusions: Continuous treatment with sunitinib alone did not maintain anti-tumour response; addition of MEK inhibitor abrogated resistance, leading to improved anti-tumour efficacy.
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29
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Kuczynski EA, Yin M, Bar-Zion A, Lee CR, Butz H, Man S, Daley F, Vermeulen PB, Yousef GM, Foster FS, Reynolds AR, Kerbel RS. Co-option of Liver Vessels and Not Sprouting Angiogenesis Drives Acquired Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw030. [PMID: 27059374 PMCID: PMC5017954 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The anti-angiogenic Sorafenib is the only approved systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, acquired resistance limits its efficacy. An emerging theory to explain intrinsic resistance to other anti-angiogenic drugs is ‘vessel co-option,’ ie, the ability of tumors to hijack the existing vasculature in organs such as the lungs or liver, thus limiting the need for sprouting angiogenesis. Vessel co-option has not been evaluated as a potential mechanism for acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic agents. Methods: To study sorafenib resistance mechanisms, we used an orthotopic human HCC model (n = 4-11 per group), where tumor cells are tagged with a secreted protein biomarker to monitor disease burden and response to therapy. Histopathology, vessel perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and miRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to monitor changes in tumor biology. Results: While sorafenib initially inhibited angiogenesis and stabilized tumor growth, no angiogenic ‘rebound’ effect was observed during development of resistance unless therapy was stopped. Instead, resistant tumors became more locally infiltrative, which facilitated extensive incorporation of liver parenchyma and the co-option of liver-associated vessels. Up to 75% (±10.9%) of total vessels were provided by vessel co-option in resistant tumors relative to 23.3% (±10.3%) in untreated controls. miRNA sequencing implicated pro-invasive signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition during resistance development while functional imaging further supported a shift from angiogenesis to vessel co-option. Conclusions: This is the first documentation of vessel co-option as a mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and could have important implications including the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting vessel co-option in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Kuczynski
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Melissa Yin
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Avinoam Bar-Zion
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Christina R Lee
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Henriett Butz
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Shan Man
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Frances Daley
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - George M Yousef
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - F Stuart Foster
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
| | - Robert S Kerbel
- Affiliations of authors: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada (EAK, FSF, RSK); Physical Sciences Platform (MY, FSF) and Biological Sciences Platform (CRL, SM, RSK), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel (ABZ); Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada (HB, GMY); The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK (FD, PBV, ARR); Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium (PBV)
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30
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Eldehna WM, Fares M, Ceruso M, Ghabbour HA, Abou-Seri SM, Abdel-Aziz HA, Abou El Ella DA, Supuran CT. Amido/ureidosubstituted benzenesulfonamides-isatin conjugates as low nanomolar/subnanomolar inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoform XII. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:259-66. [PMID: 26840366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By using a molecular hybridization approach, two series of amido/ureidosubstituted benzenesulfonamides incorporating substituted-isatin moieties were synthesized. The prepared derivatives were in vitro evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) I, II (cytosolic) and IX, XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated) isoforms. All these isoforms were inhibited in variable degrees by the sulfonamides reported here. hCA I was inhibited with KIs in the range of 7.9-894 nM, hCA II in the range of 7.5-1645 nM (with one compound having a KI > 10 μM); hCA IX in the range of 5.0-240 nM, whereas hCA XII in the range of 0.47-2.83 nM. As all these isoforms are involved in various pathologies, in which their inhibition can be exploited therapeutically, the derivatives reported here may represent interesting extensions to the field of CA inhibitors of the sulfonamide type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Fares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
| | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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31
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Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14325-30. [PMID: 26578779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518808112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative bevacizumab and chemotherapy may benefit a subset of breast cancer (BC) patients. To explore potential mechanisms of this benefit, we conducted a phase II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab (single dose) followed by combined bevacizumab and adriamycin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel chemotherapy in HER2-negative BC. The regimen was well-tolerated and showed a higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in triple-negative (TN)BC (11/21 patients or 52%, [95% confidence interval (CI): 30,74]) than in hormone receptor-positive (HR)BC [5/78 patients or 6% (95%CI: 2,14)]. Within the HRBCs, basal-like subtype was significantly associated with pCR (P = 0.007; Fisher exact test). We assessed interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tissue biopsies before and after bevacizumab monotherapy and circulating plasma biomarkers at baseline and before and after combination therapy. Bevacizumab alone lowered IFP, but to a smaller extent than previously observed in other tumor types. Pathologic response to therapy correlated with sVEGFR1 postbevacizumab alone in TNBC (Spearman correlation 0.610, P = 0.0033) and pretreatment microvascular density (MVD) in all patients (Spearman correlation 0.465, P = 0.0005). Moreover, increased pericyte-covered MVD, a marker of extent of vascular normalization, after bevacizumab monotherapy was associated with improved pathologic response to treatment, especially in patients with a high pretreatment MVD. These data suggest that bevacizumab prunes vessels while normalizing those remaining, and thus is beneficial only when sufficient numbers of vessels are initially present. This study implicates pretreatment MVD as a potential predictive biomarker of response to bevacizumab in BC and suggests that new therapies are needed to normalize vessels without pruning.
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32
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Bridgeman VL, Wan E, Foo S, Nathan MR, Welti JC, Frentzas S, Vermeulen PB, Preece N, Springer CJ, Powles T, Nathan PD, Larkin J, Gore M, Vasudev NS, Reynolds AR. Preclinical Evidence That Trametinib Enhances the Response to Antiangiogenic Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:172-83. [PMID: 26487278 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sunitinib and pazopanib are antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) used to treat metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the ability of these drugs to extend progression-free and overall survival in this patient population is limited by drug resistance. It is possible that treatment outcomes in RCC patients could be improved by rationally combining TKIs with other agents. Here, we address whether inhibition of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway is a rational means to improve the response to TKIs in RCC. Using a xenograft model of RCC, we found that tumors that are resistant to sunitinib have a significantly increased angiogenic response compared with tumors that are sensitive to sunitinib in vivo. We also observed significantly increased levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in the vasculature of resistant tumors, when compared with sensitive tumors. These data suggested that the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway, an important driver of angiogenesis in endothelial cells, remains active in the vasculature of TKI-resistant tumors. Using an in vitro angiogenesis assay, we identified that the MEK inhibitor (MEKI) trametinib has potent antiangiogenic activity. We then show that, when trametinib is combined with a TKI in vivo, more effective suppression of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis is achieved than when either drug is utilized alone. In conclusion, we provide preclinical evidence that combining a TKI, such as sunitinib or pazopanib, with a MEKI, such as trametinib, is a rational and efficacious treatment regimen for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Bridgeman
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Wan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Shane Foo
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Nathan
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Welti
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Frentzas
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter B Vermeulen
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals St. Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Natasha Preece
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Springer
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Powles
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Nathan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Gore
- The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom
| | - Naveen S Vasudev
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom. The Royal Marsden (RM), London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew R Reynolds
- Tumour Biology Team, The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London, United Kingdom.
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Luengo-Gil G, González-Billalabeitia E, Chaves-Benito A, García Martínez E, García Garre E, Vicente V, Ayala de la Peña F. Effects of conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on tumor angiogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:577-87. [PMID: 25967462 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of breast cancer conventional chemotherapy on tumor angiogenesis need to be further characterized. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an ideal model to evaluate the results of chemotherapy, allowing intra-patient direct comparison of antitumor and antiangiogenic effects. We sought to analyze the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor angiogenesis and its clinical significance in breast cancer. Breast cancer patients (n = 108) treated with neoadjuvant sequential anthracyclines and taxanes were studied. Pre- and post-chemotherapy microvessel density (MVD) and mean vessel size (MVS) were analyzed after CD34 immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors (VEGFA, THBS1, HIF1A, CTGF, and PDGFA) by qRT-PCR. Angiogenic measures at diagnosis varied among breast cancer subtypes. Pre-treatment higher MVS was associated with triple-negative subtype and more advanced disease. Higher MVS was correlated with higher VEGFA (p = 0.003), while higher MVD was correlated with lower antiangiogenic factors expression (THBS1, p < 0.0001; CTGF, p = 0.001). Increased angiogenesis at diagnosis (high MVS and glomeruloid microvascular proliferation) and higher VEGFA expression were associated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.048 and 0.009, respectively). Chemotherapy-induced angiogenic response (defined as decreased MVD) was present in 35.2 % of patients. This response correlated with an increase in antiangiogenic factors (THBS1) without changes in VEGFA expression, and it was associated with tumor downstaging, but not with clinical response, pathologic complete response, or prognosis. Global effects of chemotherapy mainly consisted in an increased expression of antiangiogenic factors (THBS1, CTGF), with significant changes neither of tumor VEGFA nor of MVS. Conventionally scheduled neoadjuvant chemotherapy exerts antiangiogenic effects, through an increase in antiangiogenic factors, THBS1 and CTGF, but the expression of VEGFA is maintained after treatment. Better markers of angiogenic response and a better understanding of the cooperation of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in the neoadjuvant clinical scenario are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Luengo-Gil
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain
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van der Mijn JC, Mier JW, Broxterman HJ, Verheul HM. Predictive biomarkers in renal cell cancer: insights in drug resistance mechanisms. Drug Resist Updat 2014; 17:77-88. [PMID: 25457974 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION VEGF-targeted therapy is currently the first line treatment for patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but most patients either display primary (intrinsic) resistance or acquire drug resistance. In recent years multiple mechanisms of resistance to VEGF-targeted therapy emerged from preclinical research, but it is currently unknown to what extent these drug resistance modalities play a role in the clinic. Here we reviewed the current literature on biomarkers that predict treatment outcome in patients with ccRCC to gain insight in clinical drug resistance mechanisms. METHODS A search syntax was compiled by combining different synonyms of "biomarker" AND "renal" AND "cancer". MEDLINE was accessed through PubMed, where this syntax was entered and used to search titles and abstracts of publications. Articles were selected based on three criteria: (1) description of patients with clear cell RCC, (2) treatment with VEGF targeted therapy and (3) discussion of biomarkers that were studied for potential association with treatment response. RESULTS The literature search was performed on March 4th 2014 and yielded 1882 articles. After carefully reading the titles and abstracts based on the three previously mentioned criteria, 103 publications were evaluated. Backward citation screening was performed on all eligible studies and revealed another 24 articles. This search revealed that (1) High glucose uptake and low contrast enhancement on PET- and CT-imaging before start of treatment may correlate with poor response to therapy, (2) Low dose intensity due to treatment intolerance is related to shorter progression free survival. (3) Acquired resistance appears to be associated with rebound vascularization based on both longitudinal monitoring of contrast enhancement by CT and blood vessel counts in tumor tissue, and (4) Based on plasma cytokine and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies, interleukin-8, VEGFR-3, FGFR2 and HGF/MET emerged as potential clinical markers for chemoresistance. CONCLUSION Low dose intensity, specific tumor-imaging techniques and potential biological biomarkers may be predictive for response to VEGF-targeted therapy in ccRCC. Some of these plausible biomarkers may also provide more insight into the underlying mechanisms of resistance such as altered glucose metabolism and rapid rebound vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C van der Mijn
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James W Mier
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henk J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer: current progress, unresolved questions and future directions. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:471-94. [PMID: 24482243 PMCID: PMC4061466 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumours require a vascular supply to grow and can achieve this via the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family of ligands. Since one or more of the VEGF ligand family is overexpressed in most solid cancers, there was great optimism that inhibition of the VEGF pathway would represent an effective anti-angiogenic therapy for most tumour types. Encouragingly, VEGF pathway targeted drugs such as bevacizumab, sunitinib and aflibercept have shown activity in certain settings. However, inhibition of VEGF signalling is not effective in all cancers, prompting the need to further understand how the vasculature can be effectively targeted in tumours. Here we present a succinct review of the progress with VEGF-targeted therapy and the unresolved questions that exist in the field: including its use in different disease stages (metastatic, adjuvant, neoadjuvant), interactions with chemotherapy, duration and scheduling of therapy, potential predictive biomarkers and proposed mechanisms of resistance, including paradoxical effects such as enhanced tumour aggressiveness. In terms of future directions, we discuss the need to delineate further the complexities of tumour vascularisation if we are to develop more effective and personalised anti-angiogenic therapies.
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