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Liu Y, Yang C, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Accelerates Prostate Cancer Progression Through Increased LPCAT1 Expression and Enhanced DNA Repair Pathways. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679712. [PMID: 34221998 PMCID: PMC8249243 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is related to cancer development and progression. Our previous study showed that Ruminococcus was more abundant in CRPC (Castration-resistant prostate cancer) than HSPC (Hormone-sensitive prostate cancer) individuals. Here, we determined the potential mechanism of microbiota dysbiosis in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Metagenomics was used to verify the gut microbial discrepancies between CRPC and HSPC individuals. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed by transferring the fecal suspension of CRPC or HSPC individuals to TRAMP mice. Afterwards, the mice’s prostate histopathology and gut microbiota composition were determined. Since Ruminococcus was demonstrated to correlate with phospholipid metabolism, we used lipidomics to examine the mice’s fecal lipid profiles. The expression of LPCAT1 the key enzyme for phospholipid remodeling in mice prostate was also examined. Meanwhile, both microbial functions prediction and LPCAT1 GSEA analysis (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) indicated DNA repair pathways, we further determined the expressions of RAD51 and DNA-PKcs in mice prostate. The results showed that gut Ruminococcus was significantly more abundant in CRPC individuals. FMT using CRPC feces accelerated mice’s PCa progression and increased their gut Ruminococcus abundance. Majority of fecal lipids including lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were upregulated in CRPC FMT treated mice, accompanied with enhanced expressions of LPCAT1, RAD51, and DNA-PKcs in mice prostate. We reported an abundant colonization of Ruminococcus in the gut of CRPC individuals and mice receiving their fecal suspensions, and revealed the promotive capability of Ruminococcus in PCa progression via upregulating LPCAT1 and DNA repair protein expressions. The bacterium and its downstream pathways may become the targets of therapies for PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Matsushita Y, Nakagawa H, Koike K. Lipid Metabolism in Oncology: Why It Matters, How to Research, and How to Treat. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:474. [PMID: 33530546 PMCID: PMC7865757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in our body, which are mainly composed of fatty acids, triacylglycerides, sphingolipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol, play important roles at the cellular level. In addition to being energy sources and structural components of biological membranes, several types of lipids serve as signaling molecules or secondary messengers. Metabolic reprogramming has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer, but changes in lipid metabolism in cancer have received less attention compared to glucose or glutamine metabolism. However, recent innovations in mass spectrometry- and chromatography-based lipidomics technologies have increased our understanding of the role of lipids in cancer. Changes in lipid metabolism, so-called "lipid metabolic reprogramming", can affect cellular functions including the cell cycle, proliferation, growth, and differentiation, leading to carcinogenesis. Moreover, interactions between cancer cells and adjacent immune cells through altered lipid metabolism are known to support tumor growth and progression. Characterization of cancer-specific lipid metabolism can be used to identify novel metabolic targets for cancer treatment, and indeed, several clinical trials are currently underway. Thus, we discuss the latest findings on the roles of lipid metabolism in cancer biology and introduce current advances in lipidomics technologies, focusing on their applications in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hayato Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.K.)
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Han C, Yu G, Mao Y, Song S, Li L, Zhou L, Wang Z, Liu Y, Li M, Xu B. LPCAT1 enhances castration resistant prostate cancer progression via increased mRNA synthesis and PAF production. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240801. [PMID: 33137125 PMCID: PMC7605678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previously study shown that Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1) is overexpressed in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) relative to primary prostate cancer (PCa), and androgen controls its expression via the Wnt signaling pathway. While highly expressed in CRPC, the role of LPCAT1 remains unclear. In vitro cell experiments referred to cell transfection, mutagenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, Western blotting, Pulse-chase RNA labeling. BALB/c nude mice were used for in vivo experiments. We found that LPCAT1 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRPC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of LPCAT1 reduced the proliferation and the invasive capabilities of CRPC cells. Providing exogenous PAF to LPCAT1 knockdown cells increased their invasive capabilities; however platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and the PAFR antagonist ABT-491 both reversed this phenotype; proliferation of CRPC cells was not affected in either model. LPCAT1 was found to mediate CRPC growth via nuclear re-localization and Histone H4 palmitoylation in an androgen-dependent fashion, increasing mRNA synthesis rates. We also found that LPCAT1 overexpression led to CRPC cell resistance to treatment with paclitaxel. LPCAT1 overexpression in CRPC cells drives tumor progression via increased mRNA synthesis and PAF production. Our results highlight LPCAT1 as a viable therapeutic target in the context of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanshen Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangqing Song
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushan Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
| | - Minglun Li
- Urologic and Hematologic Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (BX); (YL); (ML)
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4
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In vivo RNAi screening identifies Pafah1b3 as a target for combination therapy with TKIs in BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL. Blood Adv 2019; 2:1229-1242. [PMID: 29853524 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017015610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the addition of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to the treatment of patients with BCR-ABL1+ B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL), relapse both with and without BCR-ABL1 mutations is a persistent clinical problem. To identify BCR-ABL1-independent genetic mediators of response to the TKI dasatinib, we performed in vivo and in vitro RNA interference (RNAi) screens in a transplantable syngeneic mouse model of BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL. By using a novel combination of a longitudinal screen design and independent component analysis of screening data, we identified hairpins that have distinct behavior in different therapeutic contexts as well as in the in vivo vs in vitro settings. In the set of genes whose loss sensitized BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL cells to dasatinib, we identified Pafah1b3, which regulates intracellular levels of platelet-activating factor (PAF), as an in vivo-specific mediator of therapeutic response. Pafah1b3 loss significantly sensitized leukemia cells to the multiple TKIs, indicating that inhibition of PAFAH1B3 in combination with TKI treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for BCR-ABL1+ BCP-ALL patients. PAF-induced cell death as well as surface levels of PAF receptor (PAFR) in our model are altered upon dasatinib treatment and depend on the local leukemia microenvironment; the response of Pafah1b3 KO vs overexpressing cells to dasatinib is also dependent on microenvironmental context. Antagonism of the PAFR partially reverses the observed sensitization to TKI treatment upon Pafah1b3 loss in vivo, suggesting that signaling via the PAF/PAFR pathway is at least partially responsible for this effect.
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Wei C, Dong X, Lu H, Tong F, Chen L, Zhang R, Dong J, Hu Y, Wu G, Dong X. LPCAT1 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by up-regulating PI3K/AKT/MYC pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:95. [PMID: 30791942 PMCID: PMC6385475 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Brain metastasis (BM) is associated with poor prognosis, recurrence, and death in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) has been reported to be involved in the progression, metastasis and recurrence of malignancies. However, the potential role of LPCAT1 in NSCLC remains poorly understood. This study was aimed to identify genes involved in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) brain metastasis, and look into the role of LPCAT1 in LUAD progression. Methods We used integrative genomic analysis to identify genes involved in lung adenocarcinomas. LPCAT1 expression was evaluated in tumor tissues from LUAD patients and LUAD cell lines. The role of LPCAT1 was subsequently investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism underlying the involvement of LPCAT1 in LUAD progression was explored with the activator of PI3K/AKT pathway. RNA sequencing was performed to confirm the involvement of LPCAT1 and associated pathway in LUAD brain metastasis. Results LPCAT1 was up-regulated in LUAD tissues and cell lines. shRNA-mediated depletion of LPCAT1 not only abrogated cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, but also arrested tumor growth and brain metastases in vivo. Notably, LPCAT1 at least partially influenced LUAD progression through PI3K/AKT signal pathway by targeting MYC transcription. Moreover, expression of LPCAT1 was higher in tissues of LUAD patients with BM than those without BM as revealed by IHC staining, RNA-Sequencing and qPCR analysis. Finally, elevated LPCAT1 expression in patients with lung adenocarcinomas was associated with a poor clinical outcome. Conclusions This study showed that LPCAT1 works as a regulator of cell metastasis and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for BM in lung adenocarcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1092-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaomin Dong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hui Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lingjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ruiguang Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jihua Dong
- Medical Research Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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6
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Abstract
Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands' cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90272, USA;
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da Silva Junior IA, Andrade LNDS, Jancar S, Chammas R. Platelet activating factor receptor antagonists improve the efficacy of experimental chemo- and radiotherapy. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e792s. [PMID: 30328954 PMCID: PMC6157068 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e792s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet activating factor is a lipid mediator of inflammation, and in recent decades, it has emerged as an important factor in tumor outcomes. Platelet activating factor acts by specific binding to its receptor, which is present in both tumor cells and cells that infiltrate tumors. Pro-tumorigenic effects of platelet activating factor receptor in tumors includes promotion of tumor cell proliferation, production of survival signals, migration of vascular cells and formation of new vessels and stimulation of dendritic cells and macrophages suppressor phenotype. In experimental models, blocking of platelet activating factor receptor reduced tumor growth and increased animal survival. During chemotherapy and radiotherapy, tumor cells that survive treatment undergo accelerated proliferation, a phenomenon known as tumor cell repopulation. Work from our group and others showed that these treatments induce overproduction of platelet activating factor-like molecules and increase expression of its receptor in tumor cells. In this scenario, antagonists of platelet activating factor markedly reduced tumor repopulation. Here, we note that combining chemo- and radiotherapy with platelet activating factor antagonists could be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildefonso Alves da Silva Junior
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Laboratorio de Imunofarmacologia, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Roger Chammas
- Laboratorio de Oncologia Experimental, Centro de Investigacao Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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8
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Tsoupras A, Lordan R, Zabetakis I. Inflammation, not Cholesterol, Is a Cause of Chronic Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:E604. [PMID: 29757226 PMCID: PMC5986484 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Seven Countries Study, dietary cholesterol and the levels of serum cholesterol in relation to the development of chronic diseases have been somewhat demonised. However, the principles of the Mediterranean diet and relevant data linked to the examples of people living in the five blue zones demonstrate that the key to longevity and the prevention of chronic disease development is not the reduction of dietary or serum cholesterol but the control of systemic inflammation. In this review, we present all the relevant data that supports the view that it is inflammation induced by several factors, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF), that leads to the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rather than serum cholesterol. The key to reducing the incidence of CVD is to control the activities of PAF and other inflammatory mediators via diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices. The relevant studies and data supporting these views are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland.
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9
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Yao B, Liu B, Shi L, Li X, Ren C, Cai M, Wang W, Li J, Sun Y, Wu Y, Wen J. PAFR selectively mediates radioresistance and irradiation-induced autophagy suppression in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13846-13854. [PMID: 28099922 PMCID: PMC5355143 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) promotes tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Here, we defined the PAFR as a yielding new inhibiting target to selectively enhance the sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells to radiation. The selective responding to PAFR inhibiter may be caused by the differential expression pattern of PAFR in PCa cells. In this study, we also determined PAFR as a molecular basis by which the radiation induces autophagy suppression independent of activating mTOR pathway. PAFR can bind to the autophagy-indispensable protein Beclin 1, leading to the disability in its serine phosphorylation. The PAFR antagonist Ginkgolide B (GB) can sensitize radiotherapy by disrupting the formation of PAFR/Beclin 1 complex in PC3 and LNCaP cells, which have elevated PAFR expression after radiation exposure. Most importantly, GB efficiently radiosensitized PC3 and LNCaP tumor xenografts in vivo, and significantly reduced tumor burden. Overall, our results elucidated a significant role of GB in selectively improving the outcomes of PCa receiving radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chuanchuan Ren
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingbo Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongde Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yudong Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang D, Zhang S, Chang Z, Kong DX, Zuo Z. Quebrachitol: Global Status and Basic Research. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:113-122. [PMID: 28132388 PMCID: PMC5315676 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in the natural-products-inspired drugs. Quebrachitol (QCT) is one of naturally occurring optically active cyclitols that has now received considerable attention. Until the last decade, it came to be a starting point for the lead discovery. In this review, we had a discussion on the basic research of QCT, including its source, structure, properties, and the recent advances on its application. The biological activities and QCT-inspired leads that are potentially effective for treating human diseases were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhe Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhili Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Yao M, Xie C, Kiang MY, Teng Y, Harman D, Tiffen J, Wang Q, Sved P, Bao S, Witting P, Holst J, Dong Q. Targeting of cytosolic phospholipase A2α impedes cell cycle re-entry of quiescent prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34458-74. [PMID: 26416244 PMCID: PMC4741466 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle re-entry of quiescent cancer cells has been proposed to be involved in cancer progression and recurrence. Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes membrane glycerophospholipids to release arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids that are implicated in cancer cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to determine the role of cPLA2α in cell cycle re-entry of quiescent prostate cancer cells. When PC-3 and LNCaP cells were rendered to a quiescent state, the active form of cPLA2α with a phosphorylation at Ser505 was lower compared to their proliferating state. Conversely, the phospho-cPLA2α levels were resurgent during the induction of cell cycle re-entry. Pharmacological inhibition of cPLA2α with Efipladib upon induction of cell cycle re-entry inhibited the re-entry process, as manifested by refrained DNA synthesis, persistent high proportion of cells in G0/G1 and low percentage of cells in S and G2/M phases, together with a stagnant recovery of Ki-67 expression. Simultaneously, Efipladib prohibited the emergence of Skp2 while maintained p27 at a high level in the nuclear compartment during cell cycle re-entry. Inhibition of cPLA2α also prevented an accumulation of cyclin D1/CDK4, cyclin E/CDK2, phospho-pRb, pre-replicative complex proteins CDC6, MCM7, ORC6 and DNA synthesis-related protein PCNA during induction of cell cycle re-entry. Moreover, a pre-treatment of the prostate cancer cells with Efipladib during induction of cell cycle re-entry subsequently compromised their tumorigenic capacity in vivo. Hence, cPLA2α plays an important role in cell cycle re-entry by quiescent prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Chanlu Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Mei-Yee Kiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ying Teng
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Harman
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qian Wang
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Sved
- Department of Urology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Witting
- Department of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Origins of Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Qihan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.,Central Clinical School and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Parramatta, NSW 2751, Australia
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12
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Chen J, Lan T, Zhang W, Dong L, Kang N, Zhang S, Fu M, Liu B, Liu K, Zhan Q. Feed-Forward Reciprocal Activation of PAFR and STAT3 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4198-210. [PMID: 26359459 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been implicated in tumorigenesis, but its contributions to metastatic progression have not been investigated. Here, we show that PAFR is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as well as in breast, colorectal, and gastric carcinomas. Expression of PAFR correlates closely with clinical stages, survival time, and distant metastasis. In human NSCLC cells, activation of the PAF/PAFR signaling axis accentuated malignant character, including by stimulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In contrast, silencing PAFR in aggressive NSCLC cells inhibited these effects. Mechanistic investigations showed that PAFR stimulated EMT by activating STAT3 via upregulation of G-protein-dependent SRC or JAK2 kinase activity. Notably, STAT3 transcriptionally elevated PAFR expression. Thus, activation of PAFR in NSCLC cells initiated a forward feedback loop responsible for mediating the aggressive malignant character of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Reinforcing this reciprocal activation loop, PAF/PAFR signaling also upregulated IL6 expression and thereby STAT3 activation. Overall, our results elucidated an important role for PAFR dysregulation in the pathogenicity of NSCLC and unraveled a forward feedback loop between PAFR and STAT3 that acts to drive the malignant progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lijia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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13
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Wu J, Wang HT, Huang XF, Lei XL, Lu QK, Jin ZB. Molecular screening of the LPCAT1 gene in patients with retinitis pigmentosa without defined mutations in known retinitis pigmentosa genes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5983-8. [PMID: 26260533 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinopathy, which affects the photoreceptors in the retina. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) is a critical phospholipid biosynthesis enzyme, which promotes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine in the remodeling pathway of PC biosynthesis. A previous study reported a homozygous insertion in the LPCAT1 gene in mice exhibiting retinal degeneration (rd11). However, whether genetic mutations in LPCAT1 predispose individuals to RP remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether LPCAT1 mutations exist in patients with RP. A total of 50 unrelated patients diagnosed with either a sporadic or recessive inheritance pattern of RP were recruited in the present study. All of the patients were comprehensively screened for genes associated with the predisposition of RP, and no pathogenic mutations were identified. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing were performed to investigate the coding regions and exon‑intron boundaries of the LPCAT1 gene in the recruited patients. In total, three genetic variations in the coding regions, which lead to amino acid changes, were identified. Although two of these mutations were predicted to be pathogenic, co‑segregation analysis in the pedigrees excluded these as disease‑causing mutations. In addition, the LPCAT1 gene was screen in a panel of RP patients who exhibited no identifiable mutations in any of the known RP‑associated genes. No disease‑causing mutations in the LPCAT1 gene were identified, indicating that LPCAT1 either does not confer a genetic predisposition to RP, or that the incidence of mutations in LPCAT1 is particularly rare in patients with RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Feng Huang
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lan Lei
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Kang Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yinzhou People's Hospital, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, Laboratory for Stem Cell and Retinal Regeneration, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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14
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Shida-Sakazume T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Unozawa M, Fukumoto C, Shimada K, Kasamatsu A, Ogawara K, Yokoe H, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 overexpression promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via enhanced biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120143. [PMID: 25803864 PMCID: PMC4372572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relevance of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase1 (LPCAT1), a cytosolic enzyme in the remodeling pathway of phosphatidylcholine metabolism, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. We investigated LPCAT1 expression and its functional mechanism in OSCCs. Methods We analyzed LPCAT1 mRNA and protein expression levels in OSCC-derived cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify correlations between LPCAT1 expression levels and primary OSCCs clinicopathological status. We established LPCAT1 knockdown models of the OSCC-derived cell lines (SAS, Ca9-22) for functional analysis and examined the association between LPCAT1 expression and the platelet-activating factor (PAF) concentration and PAF-receptor (PAFR) expression. Results LPCAT1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated significantly (p<0.05) in OSCC-derived cell lines compared with human normal oral keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly (p<0.05) elevated LPCAT1 expression in primary OSCCs compared with normal counterparts and a strong correlation between LPCAT1-positive OSCCs and tumoral size and regional lymph node metastasis. In LPCAT1 knockdown cells, cellular proliferation and invasiveness decreased significantly (p<0.05); cellular migration was inhibited compared with control cells. Down-regulation of LPCAT1 resulted in a decreased intercellular PAF concentration and PAFR expression. Conclusion LPCAT1 was overexpressed in OSCCs and correlated with cellular invasiveness and migration. LPCAT1 may contribute to tumoral growth and metastasis in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Shida-Sakazume
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Motoharu Unozawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chonji Fukumoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ogawara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yokoe
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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Valli A, Rodriguez M, Moutsianas L, Fischer R, Fedele V, Huang HL, Van Stiphout R, Jones D, Mccarthy M, Vinaxia M, Igarashi K, Sato M, Soga T, Buffa F, Mccullagh J, Yanes O, Harris A, Kessler B. Hypoxia induces a lipogenic cancer cell phenotype via HIF1α-dependent and -independent pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1920-41. [PMID: 25605240 PMCID: PMC4385826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemistry of cancer cells diverges significantly from normal cells as a result of a comprehensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways. A major factor influencing cancer metabolism is hypoxia, which is mediated by HIF1α and HIF2α. HIF1α represents one of the principal regulators of metabolism and energetic balance in cancer cells through its regulation of glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, Krebs cycle and the pentose phosphate shunt. However, less is known about the role of HIF1α in modulating lipid metabolism. Lipids serve cancer cells to provide molecules acting as oncogenic signals, energetic reserve, precursors for new membrane synthesis and to balance redox biological reactions. To study the role of HIF1α in these processes, we used HCT116 colorectal cancer cells expressing endogenous HIF1α and cells in which the hif1α gene was deleted to characterize HIF1α-dependent and independent effects on hypoxia regulated lipid metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics integrated with proteomics revealed that hypoxia induced many changes in lipids metabolites. Enzymatic steps in fatty acid synthesis and the Kennedy pathway were modified in a HIF1α-dependent fashion. Palmitate, stearate, PLD3 and PAFC16 were regulated in a HIF-independent manner. Our results demonstrate the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolites, of which a distinct subset is regulated by HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Valli
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vita Fedele
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong-Lei Huang
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruud Van Stiphout
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Jones
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Mccarthy
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Vinaxia
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Maya Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Mccullagh
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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