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Valli A, Rodriguez M, Moutsianas L, Fischer R, Fedele V, Huang HL, Van Stiphout R, Jones D, Mccarthy M, Vinaxia M, Igarashi K, Sato M, Soga T, Buffa F, Mccullagh J, Yanes O, Harris A, Kessler B. Hypoxia induces a lipogenic cancer cell phenotype via HIF1α-dependent and -independent pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1920-41. [PMID: 25605240 PMCID: PMC4385826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biochemistry of cancer cells diverges significantly from normal cells as a result of a comprehensive reprogramming of metabolic pathways. A major factor influencing cancer metabolism is hypoxia, which is mediated by HIF1α and HIF2α. HIF1α represents one of the principal regulators of metabolism and energetic balance in cancer cells through its regulation of glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, Krebs cycle and the pentose phosphate shunt. However, less is known about the role of HIF1α in modulating lipid metabolism. Lipids serve cancer cells to provide molecules acting as oncogenic signals, energetic reserve, precursors for new membrane synthesis and to balance redox biological reactions. To study the role of HIF1α in these processes, we used HCT116 colorectal cancer cells expressing endogenous HIF1α and cells in which the hif1α gene was deleted to characterize HIF1α-dependent and independent effects on hypoxia regulated lipid metabolites. Untargeted metabolomics integrated with proteomics revealed that hypoxia induced many changes in lipids metabolites. Enzymatic steps in fatty acid synthesis and the Kennedy pathway were modified in a HIF1α-dependent fashion. Palmitate, stearate, PLD3 and PAFC16 were regulated in a HIF-independent manner. Our results demonstrate the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolites, of which a distinct subset is regulated by HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Valli
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vita Fedele
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hong-Lei Huang
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruud Van Stiphout
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dylan Jones
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Mccarthy
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Vinaxia
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kaori Igarashi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Maya Sato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Mccullagh
- Mass Spectrometry Research Facility CRL, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Harris
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benedikt Kessler
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Burgal J, Shockey J, Lu C, Dyer J, Larson T, Graham I, Browse J. Metabolic engineering of hydroxy fatty acid production in plants: RcDGAT2 drives dramatic increases in ricinoleate levels in seed oil. Plant Biotechnol J 2008; 6:819-31. [PMID: 18643899 PMCID: PMC2908398 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from many wild species, progress has been limited because the expression of these genes in transgenic plants produces low yields of the desired products. For example, Ricinus communis fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) produces a maximum of only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis. cDNA clones encoding R. communis enzymes for additional steps in the seed oil biosynthetic pathway were identified. Expression of these cDNAs in FAH12 transgenic plants revealed that the R. communis type-2 acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (RcDGAT2) could increase HFAs from 17% to nearly 30%. Detailed comparisons of seed neutral lipids from the single- and double-transgenic lines indicated that RcDGAT2 substantially modified the triacylglycerol (TAG) pool, with significant increases in most of the major TAG species observed in native castor bean oil. These data suggest that RcDGAT2 prefers acyl-coenzyme A and diacylglycerol substrates containing HFAs, and biochemical analyses of RcDGAT2 expressed in yeast cells confirmed a strong preference for HFA-containing diacylglycerol substrates. Our results demonstrate that pathway engineering approaches can be used successfully to increase the yields of industrial feedstocks in plants, and that members of the DGAT2 gene family probably play a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Burgal
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Jay Shockey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
| | - John Dyer
- USDA-ARS, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238, USA
| | - Tony Larson
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - Ian Graham
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, UK
| | - John Browse
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Clark Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340, USA
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