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Fonódi M, Nagy L, Boratkó A. Role of Protein Phosphatases in Tumor Angiogenesis: Assessing PP1, PP2A, PP2B and PTPs Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6868. [PMID: 38999976 PMCID: PMC11241275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels to support tumor growth and metastasis, is a complex process regulated by a multitude of signaling pathways. Dysregulation of signaling pathways involving protein kinases has been extensively studied, but the role of protein phosphatases in angiogenesis within the tumor microenvironment remains less explored. However, among angiogenic pathways, protein phosphatases play critical roles in modulating signaling cascades. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis, highlighting their diverse functions and mechanisms of action. Protein phosphatases are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways by catalyzing the dephosphorylation of proteins, thereby modulating their activity and function. This review aims to assess the activity of the protein tyrosine phosphatases and serine/threonine phosphatases. These phosphatases exert their effects on angiogenic signaling pathways through various mechanisms, including direct dephosphorylation of angiogenic receptors and downstream signaling molecules. Moreover, protein phosphatases also crosstalk with other signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis, further emphasizing their significance in regulating tumor vascularization, including endothelial cell survival, sprouting, and vessel maturation. In conclusion, this review underscores the pivotal role of protein phosphatases in tumor angiogenesis and accentuate their potential as therapeutic targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anita Boratkó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (M.F.); (L.N.)
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Xue Y, Chen T, Hou N, Wu X, Kong W, Huang J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zheng J, Zhai W, Xue W. Serum extracellular vesicles derived hsa-miR-320d as an indicator for progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:114. [PMID: 37380801 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a prevalent malignancy with a rising incidence in developing countries. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) constitutes 70% of RCC cases and is prone to metastasis and recurrence, yet lacks a liquid biomarker for surveillance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promise as biomarkers in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the potential of serum EV-derived miRNAs as a biomarker for ccRCC metastasis and recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with ccRCC between 2017 and 2020 were recruited in this study. In the discovery phase, high throughput small RNA sequencing was used to analyze RNA extracted from serum EVs derived from localized ccRCC (LccRCC) and advanced ccRCC (AccRCC). In the validation phase, qPCR was employed for quantitative detection of candidate biomarkers. Migration and invasion assays were performed on ccRCC cell line OSRC2. RESULTS Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d was significantly up-regulated in patients with AccRCC than in patients with LccRCC (p < 0.01). In addition, Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d was also significantly up-regulated in patients who experienced recurrence or metastasis (p < 0.01). Besides, hsa-miR-320d enhances the pro-metastatic phenotype of ccRCC cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Serum EVs derived hsa-miR-320d as a liquid biomarker exhibits significant potential for identifying the recurrence or metastasis of ccRCC, as well as hsa-miR-320d promotes ccRCC cells migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizheng Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Naiqiao Hou
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wen Kong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiwei Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Junhua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Marima R, Mbeje M, Hull R, Demetriou D, Mtshali N, Dlamini Z. Prostate Cancer Disparities and Management in Southern Africa: Insights into Practices, Norms and Values. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3567-3579. [PMID: 36597514 PMCID: PMC9805733 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s382903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of mortality in men of African origin. While men of African descent in high-income countries (HICs) demonstrate poor prognosis compared to their European counterparts, African men on the African continent, particularly Southern Africa have shown even higher PCa mortality rates. Extrinsic factors such as the socioeconomic status, education level, income level, geographic location and race contribute to PCa patient outcome. These are further deepened by the African norms which are highly esteemed and may have detrimental effects on PCa patients' health. Insights into African cultures and social constructs have been identified as key elements towards improving men's health care seeking behaviour which will in turn improve PCa patients' outcome. Compared to Southern Africa, the Eastern, Western and Central African regions have lower PCa incidence rates but higher mortality rates. The availability of cancer medical equipment has also been reported to be disproportionate in Africa, with most cancer resources in Northern and Southern Africa. Even within Southern Africa, cancer management resources are unevenly available where one country must access PCa specialised care in the neighbouring countries. While PCa seems to be better managed in HICs, steps towards effective PCa management are urgently needed in Africa, as this continent represents a significant portion of low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Replacing African men in Africa with African American men may not optimally resolve PCa challenges in Africa. Adopting western PCa management practices can be optimised by integrating improved core-African norms. The aim of this review is to discuss PCa disparities in Africa, deliberate on the significance of integrating African norms around masculinity and discuss challenges and opportunities towards effective PCa care in Africa, particularly in Southern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaba Marima
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mandisa Mbeje
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Demetra Demetriou
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nompumelelo Mtshali
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa,Correspondence: Zodwa Dlamini, Tel +27 12 319 2614, Email
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Feng S, Lou K, Zou X, Zou J, Zhang G. The Potential Role of Exosomal Proteins in Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873296. [PMID: 35747825 PMCID: PMC9209716 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in men across developed countries. Traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods for this tumor have become increasingly difficult to adapt to today’s medical philosophy, thus compromising early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Prospecting for new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets has become a hot topic in today’s research. Notably, exosomes, small vesicles characterized by a phospholipid bilayer structure released by cells that is capable of delivering different types of cargo that target specific cells to regulate biological properties, have been extensively studied. Exosomes composition, coupled with their interactions with cells make them multifaceted regulators in cancer development. Numerous studies have described the role of prostate cancer-derived exosomal proteins in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. However, so far, there is no relevant literature to systematically summarize its role in tumors, which brings obstacles to the later research of related proteins. In this review, we summarize exosomal proteins derived from prostate cancer from different sources and summarize their roles in tumor development and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzhi Feng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Kecheng Lou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Junrong Zou, ; Guoxi Zhang,
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ganna Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- *Correspondence: Junrong Zou, ; Guoxi Zhang,
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Srivastava SK, Khan MA, Anand S, Zubair H, Deshmukh SK, Patel GK, Singh S, Andrews J, Wang B, Carter JE, Singh AP. MYB interacts with androgen receptor, sustains its ligand-independent activation and promotes castration resistance in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1205-1214. [PMID: 34837075 PMCID: PMC9023474 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant activation of androgen receptor signalling following castration therapy is a common clinical observation in prostate cancer (PCa). Earlier, we demonstrated the role of MYB overexpression in androgen-depletion resistance and PCa aggressiveness. Here, we investigated MYB-androgen receptor (AR) crosstalk and its functional significance. METHODS Interaction and co-localization of MYB and AR were examined by co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses, respectively. Protein levels were measured by immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The role of MYB in ligand-independent AR transcriptional activity and combinatorial gene regulation was studied by promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. The functional significance of MYB in castration resistance was determined using an orthotopic mouse model. RESULTS MYB and AR interact and co-localize in the PCa cells. MYB-overexpressing PCa cells retain AR in the nucleus even when cultured under androgen-deprived conditions. AR transcriptional activity is also sustained in MYB-overexpressing cells in the absence of androgens. MYB binds and promotes AR occupancy to the KLK3 promoter. MYB-overexpressing PCa cells exhibit greater tumorigenicity when implanted orthotopically and quickly regain growth following castration leading to shorter mice survival, compared to those carrying low-MYB-expressing prostate tumours. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a novel MYB-AR crosstalk in PCa and establish its role in castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sachin Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Girijesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Bioimaging Core Facility, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - James Elliot Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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6
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Huang Q, Zhang C, Qu S, Dong S, Ma Q, Hao Y, Liu Z, Wang S, Zhao H, Shi Y. Chinese Herbal Extracts Exert Neuroprotective Effect in Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Through the Dopaminergic Synapse/Apoptosis Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:817213. [PMID: 35295332 PMCID: PMC8918930 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.817213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as an age-related, irreversible neurodegenerative disease, characterized by cognitive dysfunction, has become progressively serious with a global rise in life expectancy. As the failure of drug elaboration, considerable research effort has been devoted to developing therapeutic strategies for treating AD. TCM is gaining attention as a potential treatment for AD. Gastrodia elata Blume, Polygala tenuifolia Willd., Cistanche deserticola Ma, Rehmannia lutinosa (Gaertn.)DC., Acorus gramineus Aiton, and Curcuma longa L. (GPCRAC) are all well-known Chinese herbs with neuroprotective benefits and are widely used in traditional Chinese decoction for AD therapy. However, the efficacy and further mechanisms of GPCRAC extracts in AD experimental models are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic protective efficacy of GPCRAC extracts (composed of extracts from these six Chinese medicines), and the protein targets mediated by GPCRAC extracts in treating AD. Methods: Scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mouse model was established to determine the neuroprotective effects of GPCRAC extracts in vivo, as shown by behavioral tests and cerebral cholinergic function assays. To identify the potential molecular mechanism of GPCRAC extracts against AD, label-free quantitative proteomics coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were performed. The integrated bioinformatics analysis was applied to screen the core differentially expressed proteins in vital canonical pathways. Critical altered proteins were validated by qPCR and Western blotting. Results: Administration of GPCRAC extracts significantly recovered scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, as evidenced by the improved learning and memory ability, increased Ach content and ChAT activity, as well as decreased AchE activity in the hippocampus of mice. In total, 390 proteins with fold-change>1.2 or <0.83 and p < 0.05 were identified as significant differentially expressed proteins, of which 110 were significantly up-regulated and 25 were significantly down-regulated between control and model group. By mapping the significantly regulated proteins, we identified five hub proteins: PPP2CA, Gsk3β, PP3CC, PRKACA, and BCL-2 that were associated with dopaminergic synapse and apoptosis signaling pathway, respectively. Western blotting and QPCR demonstrate that the expression levels of these core proteins could be significantly improved by the administration of GPCRAC extracts. These pathways and some of the identified proteins are implicated in AD pathogenesis. Conclusion: Administration of GPCRAC extracts was effective on alleviating scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, which might be through modulation of dopaminergic synapse and apoptosis signaling pathway. Consequently, our quantitative proteome data obtained from scopolamine-treated model mice successfully characterized AD-related biological alterations and proposed novel protein biomarkers for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihao Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shi Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qihong Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zimin Liu
- Chenland Nutritionals, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Haibin Zhao
- Dong Fang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Haibin Zhao, ; Yuanyuan Shi,
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Correspondence: Haibin Zhao, ; Yuanyuan Shi,
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Yin S, Chen Y, Tong H, Li T, Qin Z, Zhu J, He W. PP2A promotes apoptosis and facilitates docetaxel sensitivity via the PP2A/p‑eIF4B/XIAP signaling pathway in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:101. [PMID: 35154432 PMCID: PMC8822497 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a protein that has a wide range of biological functions. As prostate cancer progresses from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the expression level of PP2A has been found to decrease. The present study aimed to determine the roles that PP2A may play in prostate cancer and its association with the downstream factor, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP). First, the mRNA and protein expression levels of PP2A in LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines were measured. Next, the population of PP2A heterodimers was increased using a PP2A agonist, DT061, in the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines. PP2A expression was then knocked down in the LNCaP cell line. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the association between PP2A, phosphorylated (p)-eukaryotic initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) and XIAP. The results revealed that following the increase in PP2A expression, the DU145 and PC-3 cell lines were more sensitive to docetaxel according to Cell Counting Kit-8 assays and had an increased apoptotic rate as assessed by flow cytometry. Conversely, following the transfection of small interfering (si)PP2A into the LNCaP cell line, the sensitivity to docetaxel decreased, as well as the apoptotic rate. In addition, following treatment with the PP2A agonist, DT061, PP2A expression was found to be significantly upregulated, while p-eIF4B and XIAP protein expression levels were significantly downregulated. By contrast, following the transfection of siPP2A into the LNCaP cell line, PP2A protein expression levels were found to be downregulated, while p-eIF4B and XIAP expression levels were significantly upregulated. In conclusion, by affecting the downstream factor XIAP, PP2A may play a key role in promoting apoptosis and facilitating docetaxel sensitivity in prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hang Tong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tinghao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zijia Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Junlong Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Yang CL, Qiu X, Lin JY, Chen XY, Zhang YM, Hu XY, Zhong JH, Tang S, Li XY, Xiang BD, Zhang ZM. Potential Role and Clinical Value of PPP2CA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2021; 9:661-671. [PMID: 34722181 PMCID: PMC8516843 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is associated with many cancers. This study aimed to clarify whether PPP2CA, which encodes the alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit of PP2A, plays a role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to identify the potential underlying molecular pathways. METHODS Based on bioinformatics, public databases and our in-house RNA-Seq database, we analyzed the clinical value and molecular mechanism of PPP2CA in HCC. RESULTS Data were analyzed from 2,545 patients with HCC and 1,993 controls without HCC indexed in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the Gene Expression Omnibus database and our in-house RNA-Seq database. PPP2CA expression was significantly higher in HCC tissue than in non-cancerous tissues (standardized mean difference: 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50-0.89). PPP2CA expression was able to differentiate HCC from non-HCC, with an area under the summary receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.75-0.83). Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections confirmed that PPP2CA protein was up-regulated in HCC tissues. High PPP2CA expression in HCC patients was associated with shorter overall, progression-free and disease-free survival. Potential molecular pathways through which PPP2CA may be involved in HCC were determined using miRWalk 2.0 as well as analysis of Gene Ontology categories, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, and protein-protein interaction networks. CONCLUSIONS PPP2CA is up-regulated in HCC and higher expression correlates with worse prognosis. PPP2CA shows potential as a diagnostic marker for HCC. Future studies should examine whether PPP2CA contributes to HCC through the candidate microRNAs, pathways and hub genes identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xue Qiu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin-Yan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xi-Yi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Correspondence to: Zhi-Ming Zhang and Bang-De Xiang, Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, He Di Rd #71, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-4945 (ZMZ), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-7139 (BDX). Tel: +86-771-533-0855, Fax: +86-771-531-2000, E-mail: (ZMZ), (BDX)
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Correspondence to: Zhi-Ming Zhang and Bang-De Xiang, Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, He Di Rd #71, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-4945 (ZMZ), https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-7139 (BDX). Tel: +86-771-533-0855, Fax: +86-771-531-2000, E-mail: (ZMZ), (BDX)
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Kantapan J, Paksee S, Duangya A, Sangthong P, Roytrakul S, Krobthong S, Suttana W, Dechsupa N. A radiosensitizer, gallotannin-rich extract from Bouea macrophylla seeds, inhibits radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:189. [PMID: 34217266 PMCID: PMC8254241 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radioresistance can pose a significant obstacle to the effective treatment of breast cancers. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical step in the acquisition of stem cell traits and radioresistance. Here, we investigated whether Maprang seed extract (MPSE), a gallotannin-rich extract of seed from Bouea macrophylla Griffith, could inhibit the radiation-induced EMT process and enhance the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Methods Breast cancer cells were pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation (IR), the radiosensitizing activity of MPSE was assessed using the colony formation assay. Radiation-induced EMT and stemness phenotype were identified using breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker (CD24−/low/CD44+) and mammosphere formation assay. Cell motility was determined via the wound healing assay and transwell migration. Radiation-induced cell death was assessed via the apoptosis assay and SA-β-galactosidase staining for cellular senescence. CSCs- and EMT-related genes were confirmed by real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blotting. Results Pre-treated with MPSE before irradiation could reduce the clonogenic activity and enhance radiosensitivity of breast cancer cell lines with sensitization enhancement ratios (SERs) of 2.33 and 1.35 for MCF7 and MDA-MB231cells, respectively. Pretreatment of breast cancer cells followed by IR resulted in an increased level of DNA damage maker (γ-H2A histone family member) and enhanced radiation-induced cell death. Irradiation induced EMT process, which displayed a significant EMT phenotype with a down-regulated epithelial marker E-cadherin and up-regulated mesenchymal marker vimentin in comparison with untreated breast cancer cells. Notably, we observed that pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced EMT process and decrease some stemness-like properties characterized by mammosphere formation and the CSC marker. Furthermore, pretreatment with MPSE attenuated the radiation-induced activation of the pro-survival pathway by decrease the expression of phosphorylation of ERK and AKT and sensitized breast cancer cells to radiation. Conclusion MPSE enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells by enhancing IR-induced DNA damage and cell death, and attenuating the IR-induced EMT process and stemness phenotype via targeting survival pathways PI3K/AKT and MAPK in irradiated breast cancer cells. Our findings describe a novel strategy for increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy for breast cancer patients using a safer and low-cost natural product, MPSE. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03363-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Siwaphon Paksee
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Aphidet Duangya
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Padchanee Sangthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- National Omics Center (NOC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wipob Suttana
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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10
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Pudova EA, Krasnov GS, Nyushko KM, Kobelyatskaya AA, Savvateeva MV, Poloznikov AA, Dolotkazin DR, Klimina KM, Guvatova ZG, Simanovsky SA, Gladysh NS, Tokarev AT, Melnikova NV, Dmitriev AA, Alekseev BY, Kaprin AD, Kiseleva MV, Snezhkina AV, Kudryavtseva AV. miRNAs expression signature potentially associated with lymphatic dissemination in locally advanced prostate cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32948204 PMCID: PMC7500008 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is one of the most common and socially significant cancers among men. The aim of our study was to reveal changes in miRNA expression profiles associated with lymphatic dissemination in prostate cancer and to identify the most prominent miRNAs as potential prognostic markers for future studies. Methods High-throughput miRNA sequencing was performed for 44 prostate cancer specimens taken from Russian patients, with and without lymphatic dissemination (N1 – 20 samples; N0 – 24 samples). Results We found at least 18 microRNAs with differential expression between N0 and N1 sample groups: miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-615-3p, miR-10b, miR-1248 (N1-miRs; elevated expression in N1 cohort; p < 0.05); miR-1271-5p, miR-184, miR-222-3p, miR-221-5p, miR-221-3p, miR-455-3p, miR-143-5p, miR-181c-3p and miR-455-5p (N0-miRs; elevated expression in N0; p < 0.05). The expression levels of N1-miRs were highly correlated between each other (the same is applied for N0-miRs) and the expression levels of N0-miRs and N1-miRs were anti-correlated. The tumor samples can be divided into two groups depending on the expression ratio between N0-miRs and N1-miRs. Conclusions We found the miRNA expression signature associated with lymphatic dissemination, in particular on the Russian patient cohort. Many of these miRNAs are well-known players in either oncogenic transformation or tumor suppression. Further experimental studies with extended sampling are required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Pudova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - George S Krasnov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill M Nyushko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V Savvateeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Poloznikov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniyar R Dolotkazin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kseniya M Klimina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zulfiya G Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Simanovsky
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Nataliya V Melnikova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Y Alekseev
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anna V Kudryavtseva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Cellular and Molecular Progression of Prostate Cancer: Models for Basic and Preclinical Research. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092651. [PMID: 32957478 PMCID: PMC7563251 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The molecular progression of prostate cancer is complex and elusive. Biological research relies heavily on in vitro and in vivo models that can be used to examine gene functions and responses to the external agents in laboratory and preclinical settings. Over the years, several models have been developed and found to be very helpful in understanding the biology of prostate cancer. Here we describe these models in the context of available information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer to suggest their potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research. The information discussed herein should serve as a hands-on resource for scholars engaged in prostate cancer research or to those who are making a transition to explore the complex biology of prostate cancer. Abstract We have witnessed noteworthy progress in our understanding of prostate cancer over the past decades. This basic knowledge has been translated into efficient diagnostic and treatment approaches leading to the improvement in patient survival. However, the molecular pathogenesis of prostate cancer appears to be complex, and histological findings often do not provide an accurate assessment of disease aggressiveness and future course. Moreover, we also witness tremendous racial disparity in prostate cancer incidence and clinical outcomes necessitating a deeper understanding of molecular and mechanistic bases of prostate cancer. Biological research heavily relies on model systems that can be easily manipulated and tested under a controlled experimental environment. Over the years, several cancer cell lines have been developed representing diverse molecular subtypes of prostate cancer. In addition, several animal models have been developed to demonstrate the etiological molecular basis of the prostate cancer. In recent years, patient-derived xenograft and 3-D culture models have also been created and utilized in preclinical research. This review is an attempt to succinctly discuss existing information on the cellular and molecular progression of prostate cancer. We also discuss available model systems and their tested and potential utility in basic and preclinical prostate cancer research.
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12
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Saranyutanon S, Srivastava SK, Pai S, Singh S, Singh AP. Therapies Targeted to Androgen Receptor Signaling Axis in Prostate Cancer: Progress, Challenges, and Hope. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010051. [PMID: 31877956 PMCID: PMC7016833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the mostly commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death affecting men in the United States. Moreover, it disproportionately affects the men of African origin, who exhibit significantly greater incidence and mortality as compared to the men of European origin. Since androgens play an important role in the growth of normal prostate and prostate tumors, targeting of androgen signaling has remained a mainstay for the treatment of aggressive prostate cancer. Over the years, multiple approaches have been evaluated to effectively target the androgen signaling pathway that include direct targeting of the androgens, androgen receptor (AR), AR co-regulators or other alternate mechanisms that impact the outcome of androgen signaling. Several of these approaches are currently in clinical practice, while some are still pending further development and clinical evaluation. This remarkable progress has resulted from extensive laboratory, pre-clinical and clinical efforts, and mechanistic learnings from the therapeutic success and failures. In this review, we describe the importance of androgen signaling in prostate cancer biology and advances made over the years to effectively target this signaling pathway. We also discuss emerging data on the resistance pathways associated with the failure of various androgen signaling- targeted therapies and potential of this knowledge for translation into future therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Saranyutanon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA; (S.S.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA; (S.S.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +1-251-445-9874 (S.K.S.); +1-251-445-9843 (A.P.S.)
| | - Sachin Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA;
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA; (S.S.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36617, USA; (S.S.)
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.S.); (A.P.S.); Tel.: +1-251-445-9874 (S.K.S.); +1-251-445-9843 (A.P.S.)
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Orlandella FM, Mariniello RM, Iervolino PLC, Imperlini E, Mandola A, Verde A, De Stefano AE, Pane K, Franzese M, Esposito S, Basolo F, Orrù S, Salvatore G. miR-650 promotes motility of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by targeting PPP2CA. Endocrine 2019; 65:582-594. [PMID: 30927143 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant expression of miRNAs is crucial in several tissues tumorigenesis including thyroid. Recent studies demonstrated that miR-650 plays different role depending on the cancer type. Herein, we investigated the role of miR-650 in thyroid carcinoma. METHODS The expression of miR-650 was analyzed in human thyroid tissues by q-RT-PCR. Anaplastic (8505C, CAL62, SW1736) and papillary (TPC-1) thyroid cancer cell lines were used to dissect the role of miR-650 on malignant hallmarks of transformation. Label-free proteomic analysis was exploited to unravel the targets of miR-650, while luciferase reporter assay and functional experiments were performed to confirm a selected target. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to assess the association between miR-650 and its target in human thyroid cancer tissues. RESULTS miR-650 is over-expressed in anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinoma where it enhances cell migration and invasion. Proteomic label-free and bioinformatics analysis revealed that the serine-threonine protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) is a target of miR-650; these finding were confirmed by luciferase assay. Restoration of PPP2CA mRNA, deprived of its 3'UTR, is able to revert the malignant phenotype induced by miR-650 in HEK-293 cells. Importantly, PPP2CA is down-regulated in ATC tissues and is inversely correlated with miR-650. CONCLUSIONS miR-650 displayed oncogenic activity in ATC cells through targeting PPP2CA phosphatase. These results suggest that miR-650/PPP2CA axis could be modulated to interfere with motile ability of thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaela Mariarosaria Mariniello
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Esther Imperlini
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mandola
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Verde
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Elisa De Stefano
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Katia Pane
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Monica Franzese
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - Silvia Esposito
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l., Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145, Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Dipartimento di Patologia Chirugica, Medica, Molecolare e dell' Area Critica dell' Università di Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Orrù
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuliana Salvatore
- IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143, Napoli, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università "Parthenope", Via Medina 40, 80133, Napoli, Italy.
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Song H, Xu D, Shi P, He B, Li Z, Ji Y, Agbeko CK, Wang J. Upregulated circ RNA hsa_circ_0000337 promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:1997-2006. [PMID: 30881124 PMCID: PMC6407512 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s195546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a new class of endogenous ncRNAs, circRNAs have been recently verified to be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of human cancers. In the current study, we attempted to explore the potential function of a candidate circRNA (hsa_circ_0000337) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients and methods The altered expression of hsa_circ_0000337 was validated in clinical samples from 48 patients with ESCC. The human esophageal carcinoma cell lines KYSE-150 and TE-1, and the normal human esophageal epithelial cell line (HET-1A) were applied for functional analysis of hsa_circ_0000337. Cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the colony formation assay. Cell invasion and migration were detected by Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. We further performed bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays to explore the role of hsa_circ_0000337 as a miRNA sponge. Results hsa_circ_0000337 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared to adjacent normal-appearing tissues (P<0.0001). In our in vitro experiment, the expression of hsa_circ_0000337 was higher in TE-1 compared to the normal human esophageal epithelial cell line HET-1A (P<0.001), but was not significantly different in KYSE-150 (P>0.05). Knockdown of hsa_circ_0000337 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in TE-1 and KYSE-150 cell lines. Bioinformatics predicted and luciferase reporter assay verified that hsa_circ_0000337 could bind to miR-670-5p, a ncRNA involved in carcinogenesis. It is estimated that 21 genes are regulated by miR-670-5p. Conclusion hsa_circ_0000337 was found to be an upregulated circRNA that is related to ESCC and promotes the progression of disease by regulating cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings suggest that this circRNA could be a promising diagnostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Dian Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Peiyi Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Biyu He
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Charles Kwaku Agbeko
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jianming Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China, .,Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China,
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15
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Raman D, Pervaiz S. Redox inhibition of protein phosphatase PP2A: Potential implications in oncogenesis and its progression. Redox Biol 2019; 27:101105. [PMID: 30686777 PMCID: PMC6859563 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular processes are dictated by the active signaling of proteins relaying messages to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell communications. An intricate web of protein kinases and phosphatases are critical to the proper transmission of signals across such cascades. By governing 30–50% of all protein dephosphorylation in the cell, with prominent substrate proteins being key regulators of signaling cascades, the phosphatase PP2A has emerged as a celebrated player in various developmental and tumorigenic pathways, thereby posing as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in various pathologies wherein its activity is deregulated. This review is mainly focused on refreshing our understanding of the structural and functional complexity that cocoons the PP2A phosphatase, and its expression in cancers. Additionally, we focus on its physiological regulation as well as into recent advents and strategies that have shown promise in countering the deregulation of the phosphatase through its targeted reactivation. Finally, we dwell upon one of the key regulators of PP2A in cancer cells-cellular redox status-its multifarious nature, and its integration into the reactome of PP2A, highlighting some of the significant impacts that ROS can inflict on the structural modifications and functional aspect of PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Medical Science Cluster Cancer Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Chen L, He Q, Liu Y, Wu Y, Ni D, Liu J, Hu Y, Gu Y, Xie Y, Zhou Q, Li Q. PPP3CB Inhibits Migration of G401 Cells via Regulating Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Promotes G401 Cells Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020275. [PMID: 30641937 PMCID: PMC6359658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PPP3CB belongs to the phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) group. Although the majority of the PPP family play important roles in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells, little is known about the function of PPP3CB in the EMT process. Here, we found PPP3CB had high expression in kidney mesenchymal-like cells compared with kidney epithelial-like cells. Knock-down of PPP3CB downregulated epithelial marker E-cadherin and upregulated mesenchymal marker Vimentin, promoting the transition of cell states from epithelial to mesenchymal and reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton which contributed to cell migration. Conversely, overexpression of PPP3CB reversed EMT and inhibited migration of tumor cells. Besides, in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the loss of PPP3CB suppressed the tumor growth. However, the deletion of the phosphatase domain of PPP3CB showed no effect on the expression of E-cadherin, migration, and G401 cell proliferation. Together, we demonstrate that PPP3CB inhibits G401 cell migration through regulating EMT and promotes cell proliferation, which are both associated with the phosphatase activity of PPP3CB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qingling He
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yamin Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yafei Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Dongsheng Ni
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Jianing Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yanxia Hu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yuping Gu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yajun Xie
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qianyin Li
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostics, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Yong L, YuFeng Z, Guang B. Association between PPP2CA expression and colorectal cancer prognosis tumor marker prognostic study. Int J Surg 2018; 59:80-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Deshmukh SK, Tyagi N, Khan MA, Srivastava SK, Al-Ghadhban A, Dugger K, Carter JE, Singh S, Singh AP. Gemcitabine treatment promotes immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic tumors by supporting the infiltration, growth, and polarization of macrophages. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12000. [PMID: 30097594 PMCID: PMC6086900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression poses an additional challenge to its limited efficacy in pancreatic cancer (PC). Here we investigated the effect of gemcitabine on macrophages, which are the first line of immune-defense mechanisms. We observed an increased presence of macrophages in orthotopic human pancreatic tumor xenografts from mice treated with gemcitabine as compared to those from vehicle only-treated mice. Conditioned media from gemcitabine-treated PC cells (Gem-CM) promoted growth, migration and invasion of RAW264.7 macrophage. In addition, Gem-CM also induced upregulation of M2-polarized macrophage markers, arginase-1 and TGF-β1. Cytokine profiling of gemcitabine-treated PC cells identified IL-8 as the most differentially-expressed cytokine. Incubation of Gem-CM with IL-8 neutralizing antibody diminished its ability to induce growth, migration and invasion of RAW264.7 macrophages, but did not abrogate their M2 polarization. Together, our findings identify IL-8 as an important mediator in the gemcitabine-induced infiltration of macrophages within the pancreatic tumor microenvironment and suggest the requirement of additional mechanism(s) for macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Deshmukh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.,Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, Tatva Biosciences, Coastal Innovation Hub, 600 Clinic Drive, 3rd Floor, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghadhban
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA
| | - Kari Dugger
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James Elliot Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36617, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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19
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Sun D, Wan X, Pan BB, Sun Q, Ji XB, Zhang F, Zhang H, Cao CC. Bioinformatics Analysis of Genes and Pathways of CD11b +/Ly6C intermediate Macrophages after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:70-77. [PMID: 30074154 PMCID: PMC7089064 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which could induce the poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the molecular mechanism of the functional changes of CDllb+/Ly6Cintermediate macrophages after renal IRI. The gene expression profiles of CDllb+/Ly6Cintermcdiate macrophages of the sham surgery mice, and the mice 4 h, 24 h and 9 days after renal IRI were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Analysis of mRNA expression profiles was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biological processes and pathways by the series test of cluster. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed and analysed to discover the key genes. A total of 6738 DEGs were identified and assigned to 20 model profiles. DEGs in profile 13 were one of the predominant expression profiles, which are involved in immune cell chemotaxis and proliferation. Signet analysis showed that Atp5al, Atp5o, Cox4i, Cdc42, Rac2 and Nhp2 were the key genes involved in oxidation-reduction, apoptosis, migration, M1-M2 differentiation, and proliferation of macrophages. RPS18 may be an appreciate reference gene as it was stable in macrophages. The identified DEGs and their enriched pathways investigate factors that may participate in the functional changes of CD 1lb+Ly6Cintermediate macrophages after renal IRI. Moreover, the vital gene Nhp2 may involve the polarization of macrophages, which may be a new target to affect the process of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Bin-bin Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xiao-bing Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
| | - Chang-chun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006 China
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
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20
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Genetic variants in PPP2CA are associated with gastric cancer risk in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11499. [PMID: 28904398 PMCID: PMC5597632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a tumor suppressor protein, has been implicated in cell cycle and apoptosis. Additionally, studies have illustrated its crucial roles in transformation of normal human cells to tumorigenic status. PPP2CA, which encodes the alpha isoform of the catalytic subunit of PP2A, has been recently reported to be associated with several types of cancers. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variants in PPP2CA might influence susceptibility of gastric cancer. To test this hypothesis, three tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PPP2CA were genotyped in a case-control study including 1,113 cases and 1,848 controls in a Chinese population. Three tagging SNPs in PPP2CA were genotyped using Illumina Human Exome BeadChip. We observed that the A allele of rs13187105 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.28, P = 0.017). Further analyses showed that rs13187105 [A] was associated with decreased expression of PPP2CA mRNA (P = 5.1 × 10-6), and PPP2CA mRNA was significantly lower in gastric tumor tissues when comparing that in their adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.037). These findings support our hypothesis that genetic variants in PPP2CA may be implicated in gastric cancer susceptibility in Chinese population.
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21
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Averett C, Bhardwaj A, Arora S, Srivastava SK, Khan MA, Ahmad A, Singh S, Carter JE, Khushman M, Singh AP. Honokiol suppresses pancreatic tumor growth, metastasis and desmoplasia by interfering with tumor-stromal cross-talk. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1052-1061. [PMID: 27609457 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The poor clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer (PC) is largely attributed to its aggressive nature and refractoriness to currently available therapeutic modalities. We previously reported antitumor efficacy of honokiol (HNK), a phytochemical isolated from various parts of Magnolia plant, against PC cells in short-term in vitro growth assays. Here, we report that HNK reduces plating efficiency and anchorage-independent growth of PC cells and suppresses their migration and invasiveness. Furthermore, significant inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth by HNK is observed in orthotopic mouse model along with complete-blockage of distant metastases. Histological examination suggests reduced desmoplasia in tumors from HNK-treated mice, later confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses of myofibroblast and extracellular matrix marker proteins (α-SMA and collagen I, respectively). At the molecular level, HNK treatment leads to decreased expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and CXCR4, two established mediators of bidirectional tumor-stromal cross-talk, both in vitro and in vivo . We also show that the conditioned media (CM) from HNK-treated PC cells have little growth-inducing effect on pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that could be regained by the addition of exogenous recombinant SHH. Moreover, pretreatment of CM of vehicle-treated PC cells with SHH-neutralizing antibody abolishes their growth-inducing potential on PSCs. Likewise, HNK-treated PC cells respond poorly to CM from PSCs due to decreased CXCR4 expression. Lastly, we show that the transfection of PC cells with constitutively active IKKβ mutant reverses the suppressive effect of HNK on nuclear factor-kappaB activation and partially restores CXCR4 and SHH expression. Taken together, these findings suggest that HNK interferes with tumor-stromal cross-talk via downregulation of CXCR4 and SHH and decreases pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courey Averett
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine
| | | | - Moh'd Khushman
- Department of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama , 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL 36604-1405 , USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine
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22
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Tong L, Chu M, Yan B, Zhao W, Liu S, Wei W, Lou H, Zhang S, Ma S, Xu J, Wei L. MTDH promotes glioma invasion through regulating miR-130b-ceRNAs. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17738-17749. [PMID: 28107197 PMCID: PMC5392282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell invasion is crucial for high mortality and recurrence rate in glioma. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in cancer invasion. Metadherin (MTDH) contributes to EMT in several cancers, but the role and mechanism of MTDH in EMT-like process of glioma remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that MTDH was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cells and induced EMT-like change and invasion of glioma cells. Interestingly, MTDH could modulate the expression of a group of glioma-related miRNAs. In particular, MTDH upregulated miR-130b transcription via acting as a coactivator of NF-kB. MiR-130b promoted EMT-like change and invasion of glioma cells through targeting multiple EMT-related genes, including PTEN, PPP2CA and SMAD7. In addition, PTEN acted as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to affect PPP2CA and SMAD7 expression, and inhibited EMT-like change in glioma cells. Furthermore, miR-130b mediated EMT-like change induced by MTDH, and MTDH inhibited the expression levels of PTEN, PPP2CA and SMAD7. Taken together, we reveal a novel mechanism that MTDH induces EMT-like change and invasion of glioma via the regulation of miR-130b-ceRNAs, providing the first direct link between MTDH and miRNAs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Tong
- Wu Lien-Teh institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bingqing Yan
- Wu Lien-Teh institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weiyi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, China
| | - Huihuang Lou
- Wu Lien-Teh institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shengkun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology and Bio-Pharmaceutical Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lanlan Wei
- Wu Lien-Teh institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Pathogen Biology, Harbin 150081, China
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23
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Mody HR, Hung SW, Naidu K, Lee H, Gilbert CA, Hoang TT, Pathak RK, Manoharan R, Muruganandan S, Govindarajan R. SET contributes to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67966-67979. [PMID: 28978088 PMCID: PMC5620228 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a devastating prognosis due to 80-90% of diagnostic cases occurring when metastasis has already presented. Activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a prerequisite for metastasis because it allows for the dissemination of tumor cells to blood stream and secondary organs. Here, we sought to determine the role of SET oncoprotein, an endogenous inhibitor of PP2A, in EMT and pancreatic tumor progression. Among the two major isoforms of SET (isoform 1 and isoform 2), higher protein levels of SET isoform 2 were identified in aggressive pancreatic cancer cell lines. Overexpressing SET isoform 2, and to a lesser extent SET isoform 1, in epithelial cell lines promoted EMT-like features by inducing mesenchymal characteristics and promoting cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. Consistently, knockdown of SET isoforms in the mesenchymal cell line partially resisted these characteristics and promoted epithelial features. SET-induced EMT was likely facilitated by increased N-cadherin overexpression, decreased PP2A activity and/or increased expression of key EMT-driving transcription factors. Additionally, SET overexpression activated the Rac1/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway that induced transcriptional activation of N-cadherin expression. In vivo, SET isoform 2 overexpression significantly correlated with increased N-cadherin in human PDAC and to tumor burden and metastatic ability in an orthotopic mouse tumor model. These findings identify a new role for SET in cancer and have implications for the design and targeting of SET for intervening pancreatic tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardik R Mody
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sau Wai Hung
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kineta Naidu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Haesung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin A Gilbert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Toan Thanh Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Radhika Manoharan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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24
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Persad A, Venkateswaran G, Hao L, Garcia ME, Yoon J, Sidhu J, Persad S. Active β-catenin is regulated by the PTEN/PI3 kinase pathway: a role for protein phosphatase PP2A. Genes Cancer 2017; 7:368-382. [PMID: 28191283 PMCID: PMC5302038 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been associated with the development and progression of many cancers. The stability and subcellular localization of β-catenin, a dual functional protein that plays a role in intracellular adhesion and in regulating gene expression, is tightly regulated. However, little is known about the transcriptionally active form of β-catenin, Active Beta Catenin (ABC), that is unphosphorylated at serine 37 (Ser37) and threonine 41 (Thr41). Elucidating the mechanism by which β-catenin is activated to generate ABC is vital to the development of therapeutic strategies to block β-catenin signaling for cancer treatment. Using melanoma, breast and prostate cancer cell lines, we show that while cellular β-catenin levels are regulated by the Wnt pathway, cellular ABC levels are mainly regulated by the PI3K pathway and are dependent on the phosphatase activity of the protein phosphatase PP2A. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although the PI3K/PTEN pathway does not regulate total β-catenin protein levels within the cell, it plays a role in regulating the subcellular localization of β-catenin. Our results support a novel functional interaction/cross-talk between the PTEN/PI3K and Wnt pathways in the regulation of the subcellular/nuclear levels of ABC, which is crucially important for the protein's activity as a transcription factor and its biological effects in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Persad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Li Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria E Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jenny Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaskiran Sidhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sujata Persad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Khan MA, Srivastava SK, Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Arora S, Zubair H, Carter JE, Singh AP. Gemcitabine triggers angiogenesis-promoting molecular signals in pancreatic cancer cells: Therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39140-50. [PMID: 25970774 PMCID: PMC4770762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by poor tumor-vasculature and extensive desmoplasia that together contribute to poor response to chemotherapy. It was recently shown that targeting of TME to inhibit desmoplasiatic reaction in a preclinical model resulted in increased microvessel-density and intratumoral drug concentration, leading to improved therapeutic response. This approach; however, failed to generate a favorable response in clinical trial. In that regard, we have previously demonstrated a role of gemcitabine-induced CXCR4 signaling as a counter-defense mechanism, which also promoted invasiveness of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. Here, we investigated the effect of gemcitabine on endothelial cell phenotype. Gemcitabine-treatment of human-umbilical-vein-endothelial-cells (HUVECs) did not promote the growth of HUVECs; however, it was induced when treated with conditioned media from gemcitabine-treated (Gem-CM) PC cells due to increased cell-cycle progression and apoptotic-resistance. Moreover, treatment of HUVECs with Gem-CM resulted in capillary-like structure (CLS) formation and promoted their ability to migrate and invade through extracellular-matrix. Gemcitabine-treatment of PC cells induced expression of various growth factors/cytokines, including IL-8, which exhibited greatest upregulation. Further, IL-8 depletion in Gem-CM diminished its potency to promote angiogenic phenotypes. Together, these findings suggest an indirect effect of gemcitabine on angiogenesis, which, in light of our previous observations, may hold important clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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26
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Gao YE, Wang Y, Chen FQ, Feng JY, Yang G, Feng GX, Yang Z, Ye LH, Zhang XD. Post-transcriptional modulation of protein phosphatase PPP2CA and tumor suppressor PTEN by endogenous siRNA cleaved from hairpin within PTEN mRNA 3'UTR in human liver cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:898-907. [PMID: 27133296 PMCID: PMC4933753 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Increasing evidence shows that mRNAs exert regulatory function along with coding proteins. Recently we report that a hairpin within YAP mRNA 3′UTR can modulate the Hippo signaling pathway. PTEN is a tumor suppressor, and is mutated in human cancers. In this study we examined whether PTEN mRNA 3′UTR contained a hairpin structure that could regulate gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level. Methods: The secondary structure of PTEN mRNA 3′UTR was analyzed using RNAdraw and RNAstructure. Function of hairpin structure derived from the PTEN mRNA 3′UTR was examined using luciferase reporter assay, RT-PCR and Western blotting. RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was used to analyze the interaction between PTEN mRNA and microprocessor Drosha and DGCR8. Endogenous siRNA (esiRNA) derived from PTEN mRNA 3′UTR was identified by RT-PCR and rt-PCR, and its target genes were predicted using RNAhybrid. Results: A bioinformatics analysis revealed that PTEN mRNA contained a hairpin structure (termed PTEN-sh) within 3′UTR, which markedly increased the reporter activities of AP-1 and NF-κB in 293T cells. Moreover, treatment with PTEN-sh (1 and 2 μg) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of PTEN in human liver L-O2 cells. RIP assay demonstrated that the microprocessor Drosha and DGCR8 was bound to PTEN-sh in L-O2 cells, leading to the cleavage of PTEN-sh from PTEN mRNA 3′UTR. In addition, microprocessor Dicer was involved in the processing of PTEN-sh. Interestingly, esiRNA (termed PTEN-sh-3p21) cleaved from PTEN-sh was identified in 293T cells and human liver tissues, which was found to target the mRNA 3′UTRs of protein phosphatase PPP2CA and PTEN in L-O2 cells. Treatment of L-O2 or Chang liver cells with PTEN-sh-3p21 (50, 100 nmol/L) promoted the cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. Conclusion: The endogenous siRNA (PTEN-sh-3p21) cleaved from PTEN-sh within PTEN mRNA 3′UTR modulates PPP2CA and PTEN at the post-transcriptional level in liver cells.
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27
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Ito K, Park SH, Nayak A, Byerly JH, Irie HY. PTK6 Inhibition Suppresses Metastases of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer via SNAIL-Dependent E-Cadherin Regulation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4406-17. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Singh S, Tyagi N, Arora S, Carter JE, Khushman M, Singh AP. MYB Promotes Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer through Direct Transcriptional Up-regulation and Cooperative Action of Sonic Hedgehog and Adrenomedullin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16263-70. [PMID: 27246849 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive desmoplasia is a prominent pathological characteristic of pancreatic cancer (PC) that not only impacts tumor development, but therapeutic outcome as well. Recently, we demonstrated a novel role of MYB, an oncogenic transcription factor, in PC growth and metastasis. Here we studied its effect on pancreatic tumor histopathology and associated molecular and biological mechanisms. Tumor-xenografts derived from orthotopic-inoculation of MYB-overexpressing PC cells exhibited far-greater desmoplasia in histological analyses compared with those derived from MYB-silenced PC cells. These findings were further confirmed by immunostaining of tumor-xenograft sections with collagen-I, fibronectin (major extracellular-matrix proteins), and α-SMA (well-characterized marker of myofibroblasts or activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs)). Likewise, MYB-overexpressing PC cells provided significantly greater growth benefit to PSCs in a co-culture system as compared with the MYB-silenced cells. Interrogation of deep-sequencing data from MYB-overexpressing versus -silenced PC cells identified Sonic-hedgehog (SHH) and Adrenomedullin (ADM) as two differentially-expressed genes among others, which encode for secretory ligands involved in tumor-stromal cross-talk. In-silico analyses predicted putative MYB-binding sites in SHH and ADM promoters, which was later confirmed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation. A cooperative role of SHH and ADM in growth promotion of PSCs was confirmed in co-culture by using their specific-inhibitors and exogenous recombinant-proteins. Importantly, while SHH acted exclusively in a paracrine fashion on PSCs and influenced the growth of PC cells only indirectly, ADM could directly impact the growth of both PC cells and PSCs. In summary, we identified MYB as novel regulator of pancreatic tumor desmoplasia, which is suggestive of its diverse roles in PC pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seema Singh
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Sumit Arora
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and
| | - James E Carter
- Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688
| | - Moh'd Khushman
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36604 and
| | - Ajay P Singh
- From the Departments of Oncologic Sciences and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
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29
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Khanna A, Rane JK, Kivinummi KK, Urbanucci A, Helenius MA, Tolonen TT, Saramäki OR, Latonen L, Manni V, Pimanda JE, Maitland NJ, Westermarck J, Visakorpi T. CIP2A is a candidate therapeutic target in clinically challenging prostate cancer cell populations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19661-70. [PMID: 25965834 PMCID: PMC4637312 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual androgen receptor (AR)-signaling and presence of cancer stem-like cells (SCs) are the two emerging paradigms for clinically challenging castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Therefore, identification of AR-target proteins that are also overexpressed in the cancer SC population would be an attractive therapeutic approach. Our analysis of over three hundred clinical samples and patient-derived prostate epithelial cultures (PPECs), revealed Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) as one such target. CIP2A is significantly overexpressed in both hormone-naïve prostate cancer (HN-PC) and CRPC patients. CIP2A is also overexpressed, by 3- and 30-fold, in HN-PC and CRPC SCs respectively. In vivo binding of the AR to the intronic region of CIP2A and its functionality in the AR-moderate and AR-high expressing LNCaP cell-model systems is also demonstrated. Further, we show that AR positively regulates CIP2A expression, both at the mRNA and protein level. Finally, CIP2A depletion reduced cell viability and colony forming efficiency of AR-independent PPECs as well as AR-responsive LNCaP cells, in which anchorage-independent growth is also impaired. These findings identify CIP2A as a common denominator for AR-signaling and cancer SC functionality, highlighting its potential therapeutic significance in the most clinically challenging prostate pathology: castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Khanna
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Adult Cancer Program, The Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jayant K Rane
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Kati K Kivinummi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Prevention, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Merja A Helenius
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu T Tolonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi R Saramäki
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Latonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Visa Manni
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - John E Pimanda
- Adult Cancer Program, The Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Norman J Maitland
- YCR Cancer Research Unit, Department of Biology, The University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Prostate Cancer Research Center (PCRC), Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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30
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Deshmukh SK, Srivastava SK, Bhardwaj A, Singh AP, Tyagi N, Marimuthu S, Dyess DL, Dal Zotto V, Carter JE, Singh S. Resistin and interleukin-6 exhibit racially-disparate expression in breast cancer patients, display molecular association and promote growth and aggressiveness of tumor cells through STAT3 activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11231-41. [PMID: 25868978 PMCID: PMC4484452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African-American (AA) women with breast cancer (BC) are diagnosed with more aggressive disease, have higher risk of recurrence and poorer prognosis as compared to Caucasian American (CA) women. Therefore, it is imperative to define the factors associated with such disparities to reduce the unequal burden of cancer. Emerging data suggest that inherent differences exist in the tumor microenvironment of AA and CA BC patients, however, its molecular bases and functional impact have remained poorly understood. Here, we conducted cytokine profiling in serum samples from AA and CA BC patients and identified resistin and IL-6 to be the most differentially-expressed cytokines with relative greater expression in AA patients. Resistin and IL-6 exhibited positive correlation in serum levels and treatment of BC cells with resistin led to enhanced production of IL-6. Moreover, resistin also enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of STAT3, and treatment of BC cells with IL-6-neutralizing antibody prior to resistin stimulation abolished STAT3 phosphorylation. In addition, resistin promoted growth and aggressiveness of BC cells, and these effects were mediated through STAT3 activation. Together, these findings suggest a crucial role of resistin, IL-6 and STAT3 in BC racial disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Deshmukh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Saravanakumar Marimuthu
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Donna L Dyess
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Valeria Dal Zotto
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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31
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Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a common feature of Crohn's disease and may appear as a stricture, stenosis, or intestinal obstruction. Fibrostenosing Crohn's disease leads to a significantly impaired quality of life in affected patients and constitutes a challenging treatment situation. In the absence of specific medical antifibrotic treatment options, endoscopic or surgical therapy approaches with their potential harmful side effects are frequently used. However, our understanding of mechanisms of fibrogenesis in general and specifically intestinal fibrosis has emerged. Progression of fibrosis in the liver, lung, or skin can be halted or even reversed, and possible treatment targets have been identified. In face of this observation and given the fact that fibrotic alterations in various organs of the human body share distinct core characteristics, this article aims to address whether reversibility of intestinal fibrosis may be conceivable and to highlight promising research avenues and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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32
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Gong SJ, Feng XJ, Song WH, Chen JM, Wang SM, Xing DJ, Zhu MH, Zhang SH, Xu AM. Upregulation of PP2Ac predicts poor prognosis and contributes to aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 17:151-62. [PMID: 26618405 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1121345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a heterotrimeric protein phosphatase consisting of a 36-kD catalytic C subunit (PP2Ac). This study aimed to explore the prognostic and biological significance of PP2Ac in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High PP2Ac expression was significantly (P < 0.01) associated with serum hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, serum hepatitis B e antigen positivity, liver cirrhosis, moderate to poor differentiation grade, advanced disease stage, intrahepatic metastasis, and early recurrence in HCC. Multivariate analysis revealed PP2Ac as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Enforced expression of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and its carboxyl-terminal truncated isoform induced PP2Ac expression in HCC cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed a direct interaction between PP2Ac and HBx. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PP2Ac significantly inhibited in vitro cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and reduced tumor growth in an xenograft mouse model. In contrast, overexpression of PP2Ac promoted HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenesis. Additionally, silencing of PP2Ac impaired the growth-promoting effects on HepG2 HCC cells elicited by overexpression of carboxyl-terminal truncated HBx. Gene expression profiling analysis showed that PP2Ac downregulation modulated the expression of numerous genes involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation. Collectively, PP2Ac upregulation has a poor prognostic impact on the overall survival of HCC patients and contributes to the aggressiveness of HCC. PP2Ac may represent a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Juan Gong
- a Department of Interventional oncology , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiao-Jun Feng
- b Department of Pathology , Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei-Hua Song
- a Department of Interventional oncology , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jian-Ming Chen
- a Department of Interventional oncology , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shou-Mei Wang
- b Department of Pathology , Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Dong-Juan Xing
- a Department of Interventional oncology , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Ming-Hua Zhu
- c Department of Pathology , Changhai Hospital and Institute of Liver Diseases, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shu-Hui Zhang
- b Department of Pathology , Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Ai-Min Xu
- a Department of Interventional oncology , Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
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33
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Hou T, Xiao Z, Li Y, You YH, Li H, Liu YP, Xi YY, Li J, Duan SB, Liu H, Sun L, Peng YM, Liu FY. Norcantharidin inhibits renal interstitial fibrosis by downregulating PP2Ac expression. Am J Transl Res 2015; 7:2199-2211. [PMID: 26807168 PMCID: PMC4697700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Norcantharidin (NCTD) has been proven to be able to attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis, but the exact molecular mechanism is still unknown. This study investigated the relationship between the anti-fibrotic effect of NCTD and its inhibition on PP2Ac expression. Here, PP2Ac was found to be positively correlated with extracellular matrix accumulation in the rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Additional experiments showed that the PP2A inhibitor (okadaic acid) can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of fibronectin (FN) and collagen I (Col-I) and reversing tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vivo and in vitro. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that ectopic over-expression of PP2Ac has a profibrotic effect in HK-2 cells. Moreover, NCTD was able to downregulate PP2Ac expression, decrease FN, Col-I, α-SMA expression, and increase E-cadherin expression in a dose-dependent manner both in vivo and in vitro. In particular, it was demonstrated that NCTD induced no evident changes in the expression of FN, Col-I, α-SMA and E-cadherin in HK-2 cells after PP2Ac was knocked down by shRNA. These results indicated that NCTD exerts an anti-fibrosis effect via inhibition of PP2Ac expression. Thus, PP2Ac could be a promising target for intervention in renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
- Department of Oncology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Yan-Hua You
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Yu-Ping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Yi-Yun Xi
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Shao-Bin Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - You-Ming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
| | - Fu-You Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, PR. China
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34
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Hu X, Garcia C, Fazli L, Gleave M, Vitek MP, Jansen M, Christensen D, Mulholland DJ. Inhibition of Pten deficient Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer by Targeting of the SET - PP2A Signaling axis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15182. [PMID: 26563471 PMCID: PMC4643319 DOI: 10.1038/srep15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The PP2A signaling axis regulates multiple oncogenic drivers of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We show that targeting the endogenous PP2A regulator, SET (I2PP2A), is a viable strategy to inhibit prostate cancers that are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. Our data is corroborated by analysis of prostate cancer patient cohorts showing significant elevation of SET transcripts. Tissue microarray analysis reveals that elevated SET expression correlates with clinical cancer grading, duration of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) and time to biochemical recurrence. Using prostate regeneration assays, we show that in vivo SET overexpression is sufficient to induce hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Knockdown of SET induced significant reductions in tumorgenesis both in murine and human xenograft models. To further validate SET as a therapeutic target, we conducted in vitro and in vivo treatments using OP449 - a recently characterized PP2A-activating drug (PAD). OP449 elicits robust anti-cancer effects inhibiting growth in a panel of enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Using the Pten conditional deletion mouse model of prostate cancer, OP449 potently inhibited PI3K-Akt signaling and impeded CRPC progression. Collectively, our data supports a critical role for the SET-PP2A signaling axis in CRPC progression and hormone resistant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Hu
- The 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Consuelo Garcia
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael P Vitek
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Marilyn Jansen
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Dale Christensen
- Oncotide Pharmaceuticals, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,Division of Hematology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David J Mulholland
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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35
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Bhardwaj A, Srivastava SK, Singh S, Arora S, Tyagi N, Andrews J, McClellan S, Carter JE, Singh AP. CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling counteracts docetaxel-induced microtubule stabilization via p21-activated kinase 4-dependent activation of LIM domain kinase 1. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11490-500. [PMID: 25359780 PMCID: PMC4294337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging data highlight the significance of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12/chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCL12/CXCR4) signaling axis in the chemoresistance of several malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa); however, underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that CXCL12 treatment rescues the PCa cells from docetaxel (DTX)-induced toxicity by overriding its effect on cell cycle (G2/M phase arrest). We further demonstrate that the chemoprotective effect of CXCL12 is abolished upon pharmacological inhibition or RNA interference-mediated silencing of CXCR4. Moreover, microtubule stabilization caused by DTX is suppressed in CXCL12-stimulated PCa cells as revealed by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analyses. The effect of CXCL12 on microtubule stabilization is abrogated when PCa cells are pre-treated with a CXCR4 antagonist. In additional studies, we show that the chemoprotective action of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling is mediated by p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4)-dependent activation of Lim domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), and inhibition of either PAK4 or LIMK1 leads to re-sensitization of PCa cells to DTX-induced tubulin polymerization and cellular toxicity even in the presence of CXCL12. Altogether, our findings uncover a novel mechanism underlying CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling-induced PCa chemoresistance and suggest that targeting of this signaling axis or its downstream effector pathway could lead to therapeutic enhancement of DTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sumit Arora
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Joel Andrews
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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36
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Development and Characterization of a Novel in vitro Progression Model for UVB-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13894. [PMID: 26349906 PMCID: PMC4563561 DOI: 10.1038/srep13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest ultraviolet B (UVB) component (290–320 nm) of sun light is the most prevalent etiologic factor for skin carcinogenesis- a disease accounting for more than two million new cases each year in the USA alone. Development of UVB-induced skin carcinoma is a multistep and complex process. The molecular events that occur during UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis are poorly understood largely due to the lack of an appropriate cellular model system. Therefore, to make a progress in this area, we have developed an in vitro model for UVB-induced skin cancer using immortalized human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells through repetitive exposure to UVB radiation. We demonstrate that UVB-transformed HaCaT cells gain enhanced proliferation rate, apoptosis-resistance, and colony- and sphere-forming abilities in a progressive manner. Moreover, these cells exhibit increased aggressiveness with enhanced migration and invasive potential and mesenchymal phenotypes. Furthermore, these derived cells are able to form aggressive squamous cell carcinoma upon inoculation into the nude mice, while parental HaCaT cells remain non-tumorigenic. Together, these novel, UVB-transformed progression model cell lines can be very helpful in gaining valuable mechanistic insight into UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis, identification of novel molecular targets of diagnostic and therapeutic significance, and in vitro screening for novel preventive and therapeutic agents.
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37
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González-Alonso P, Cristóbal I, Manso R, Madoz-Gúrpide J, García-Foncillas J, Rojo F. PP2A inhibition as a novel therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5753-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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38
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Kim HJ, Choi WJ, Lee CH. Phosphorylation and Reorganization of Keratin Networks: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:301-12. [PMID: 26157545 PMCID: PMC4489823 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is one of hallmarks of cancer and a major cause of cancer death. Combatting metastasis is highly challenging. To overcome these difficulties, researchers have focused on physical properties of metastatic cancer cells. Metastatic cancer cells from patients are softer than benign cancer or normal cells. Changes of viscoelasticity of cancer cells are related to the keratin network. Unexpectedly, keratin network is dynamic and regulation of keratin network is important to the metastasis of cancer. Keratin is composed of heteropolymer of type I and II. Keratin connects from the plasma membrane to nucleus. Several proteins including kinases, and protein phosphatases bind to keratin intermediate filaments. Several endogenous compounds or toxic compounds induce phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin network in cancer cells, leading to increased migration. Continuous phosphorylation of keratin results in loss of keratin, which is one of the features of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore, several proteins involved in phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin also have a role in EMT. It is likely that compounds controlling phosphorylation and reorganization of keratin are potential candidates for combating EMT and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ji Kim
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- BK21PLUS R-FIND team, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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39
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Tyagi N, Bhardwaj A, Singh AP, McClellan S, Carter JE, Singh S. p-21 activated kinase 4 promotes proliferation and survival of pancreatic cancer cells through AKT- and ERK-dependent activation of NF-κB pathway. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8778-89. [PMID: 25238288 PMCID: PMC4226721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel molecular targets and understanding the mechanisms underlying the aggressive nature of pancreatic cancer (PC) remain prime focus areas of research. Here, we investigated the expression and pathobiological significance of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a gene that was earlier shown to be amplified in a sub-set of PC. Our data demonstrate PAK4 overexpression in PC tissues and cell lines with little or no expression in the normal pancreas. PAK4 silencing in two PC cell lines, MiaPaCa and T3M4, by RNA interference causes suppression of growth and clonogenic ability due to decreased cell cycle progression and apoptosis-resistance. PAK4-silenced PC cells exhibit altered expression of proliferation- and survival-associated proteins. Moreover, we observe decreased nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity of NF-κB in PAK4-silenced PC cells associated with stabilization of its inhibitory protein, IκBα. Transfection of PAK4-silenced PC cells with constitutively-active mutant of IKKβ, an upstream kinase of IκBα, leads to restoration of NF-κB activity and PC cell growth. Furthermore, we show that PAK4-induced NF-κB activity is mediated through activation and concerted action of ERK and Akt kinases. Together, these findings suggest that PAK4 is a regulator of NF-κB pathway in PC cells and can serve as a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Steven McClellan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - James E Carter
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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40
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Cristóbal I, González-Alonso P, Daoud L, Solano E, Torrejón B, Manso R, Madoz-Gúrpide J, Rojo F, García-Foncillas J. Activation of the Tumor Suppressor PP2A Emerges as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Treating Prostate Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3276-86. [PMID: 26023836 PMCID: PMC4483628 DOI: 10.3390/md13063276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor complex that has recently been reported as a novel and highly relevant molecular target in prostate cancer (PCa). However, its potential therapeutic value remains to be fully clarified. We treated PC-3 and LNCaP cell lines with the PP2A activators forskolin and FTY720 alone or combined with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid. We examined PP2A activity, cell growth, prostasphere formation, levels of PP2A phosphorylation, CIP2A and SET expression, and AKT and ERK activation. Interestingly, both forskolin and FTY720 dephosphorylated and activated PP2A, impairing proliferation and prostasphere formation and inducing changes in AKT and ERK phosphorylation. Moreover, FTY720 led to reduced CIP2A levels. Treatment with okadaic acid impaired PP2A activation thus demonstrating the antitumoral PP2A-dependent mechanism of action of both forskolin and FTY720. Levels of PP2A phosphorylation together with SET and CIP2A protein expression were studied in 24 PCa patients and both were associated with high Gleason scores and presence of metastatic disease. Altogether, our results suggest that PP2A inhibition could be involved in PCa progression, and the use of PP2A-activating drugs might represent a novel alternative therapeutic strategy for treating PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Cristóbal
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, University Hospital “Fundacion Jimenez Diaz”, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.C.); (F.R.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (ext. 2824)
| | - Paula González-Alonso
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Lina Daoud
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Esther Solano
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Blanca Torrejón
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, University Hospital “Fundacion Jimenez Diaz”, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Rebeca Manso
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Juan Madoz-Gúrpide
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Federico Rojo
- Group of Cancer Biomarkers, Pathology Department, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (P.G.-A.); (L.D.); (E.S.); (R.M.); (J.M.-G.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.C.); (F.R.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (ext. 2824)
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, UAM, University Hospital “Fundacion Jimenez Diaz”, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.C.); (F.R.); (J.G.-F.); Tel.: +34-915504800 (ext. 2824)
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Epithelial Plasticity in Cancer: Unmasking a MicroRNA Network for TGF-β-, Notch-, and Wnt-Mediated EMT. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:198967. [PMID: 25883651 PMCID: PMC4390187 DOI: 10.1155/2015/198967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process by which cancer cells can switch from a sessile epithelial phenotype to an invasive mesenchymal state. EMT enables tumor cells to become invasive, intravasate, survive in the circulation, extravasate, and colonize distant sites. Paracrine heterotypic stroma-derived signals as well as paracrine homotypic or autocrine signals can mediate oncogenic EMT and contribute to the acquisition of stem/progenitor cell properties, expansion of cancer stem cells, development of therapy resistance, and often lethal metastatic disease. EMT is regulated by a variety of stimuli that trigger specific intracellular signalling pathways. Altered microRNA (miR) expression and perturbed signalling pathways have been associated with epithelial plasticity, including oncogenic EMT. In this review we analyse and describe the interaction between experimentally validated miRs and their target genes in TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signalling pathways. Interestingly, in this process, we identified a “signature” of 30 experimentally validated miRs and a cluster of validated target genes that seem to mediate the cross talk between TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signalling networks during EMT and reinforce their connection to the regulation of epithelial plasticity in health and disease.
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Phosphorylated protein phosphatase 2A determines poor outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:756-62. [PMID: 25003662 PMCID: PMC4134505 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumour suppressor frequently inactivated in human cancer and its tyrosine-307 phosphorylation has been reported as a molecular inhibitory mechanism. Methods: Expression of phosphorylated PP2A (p-PP2A) was evaluated in 250 metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Chi-square, Kaplan–Meier and Cox analyses were used to determine correlations with clinical and molecular parameters and impact on clinical outcomes. Results: High p-PP2A levels were found in 17.2% cases and were associated with ECOG performance status (P=0.001) and presence of synchronous metastasis at diagnosis (P=0.035). This subgroup showed substantially worse overall survival (OS) (median OS, 6.0 vs 26.2 months, P<0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS, 3.8 vs 13.3 months, P<0.001). The prognostic impact of p-PP2A was particularly evident in patients aged <70 years (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that p-PP2A retained its prognostic impact for OS (hazard ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–4.1; P<0.001) and PFS (hazard ratio 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.8–5.0; P<0.001). Conclusions: Phosphorylated PP2A is an alteration that determines poor outcome in metastatic CRC and represents a novel potential therapeutic target in this disease, thus enabling to define a subgroup of patients who could benefit from future treatments based on PP2A activators.
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