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Varadhan V, Manikandan MS, Nagarajan A, Palaniyandi T, Ravi M, Sankareswaran SK, Baskar G, Wahab MRA, Surendran H. Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene signaling pathways in human cancers and their therapeutic implications. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155447. [PMID: 38981349 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted disease driven by abnormal cell growth and poses a significant global health threat. The multifactorial causes, differences in individual susceptibility to therapeutic drugs, and induced drug resistance pose major challenges in addressing cancers effectively. One of the most important aspects in making cancers highly heterogeneous in their physiology lies in the genes involved and the changes occurring to some of these genes in malignant conditions. The Genetic factors have been implicated in the oncogenesis, progression, responses to treatment, and metastasis. One such gene that plays a key role in human cancers is the mutated form of the Ataxia-telangiectasia gene (ATM). ATM gene located on chromosome 11q23, plays a vital role in maintaining genomic stability. Understanding the genetic basis of A-T is crucial for diagnosis, management, and treatment. Breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer exhibit varying relationships with the ATM gene and influence their pathways. Targeting the ATM pathway proves promising for enhancing treatment effectiveness, especially in conjunction with DNA damage response pathways. Analyzing the therapeutic consequences of ATM mutations, especially in these cancer types facilitates the approaches for early detection, intervention, development of personalized treatment approaches, and improved patient outcomes. This review emphasizes the role of the ATM gene in various cancers, highlighting its impact on DNA repair pathways and therapeutic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Varadhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Monica Shri Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Akshaya Nagarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthil Kumar Sankareswaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
| | | | - Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, India
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Beckers C, Pruschy M, Vetrugno I. Tumor hypoxia and radiotherapy: A major driver of resistance even for novel radiotherapy modalities. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 98:19-30. [PMID: 38040401 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia in solid tumors is an important predictor of poor clinical outcome to radiotherapy. Both physicochemical and biological processes contribute to a reduced sensitivity of hypoxic tumor cells to ionizing radiation and hypoxia-related treatment resistances. A conventional low-dose fractionated radiotherapy regimen exploits iterative reoxygenation in between the individual fractions, nevertheless tumor hypoxia still remains a major hurdle for successful treatment outcome. The technological advances achieved in image guidance and highly conformal dose delivery make it nowadays possible to prescribe larger doses to the tumor as part of single high-dose or hypofractionated radiotherapy, while keeping an acceptable level of normal tissue complication in the co-irradiated organs at risk. However, we insufficiently understand the impact of tumor hypoxia to single high-doses of RT and hypofractionated RT. So-called FLASH radiotherapy, which delivers ionizing radiation at ultrahigh dose rates (> 40 Gy/sec), has recently emerged as an important breakthrough in the radiotherapy field to reduce normal tissue toxicity compared to irradiation at conventional dose rates (few Gy/min). Not surprisingly, oxygen consumption and tumor hypoxia also seem to play an intriguing role for FLASH radiotherapy. Here we will discuss the role of tumor hypoxia for radiotherapy in general and in the context of novel radiotherapy treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beckers
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Irene Vetrugno
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Huang M, Yao F, Nie L, Wang C, Su D, Zhang H, Li S, Tang M, Feng X, Yu B, Chen Z, Wang S, Yin L, Mou L, Hart T, Chen J. FACS-based genome-wide CRISPR screens define key regulators of DNA damage signaling pathways. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2810-2828.e6. [PMID: 37541219 PMCID: PMC10421629 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage-activated signaling pathways are critical for coordinating multiple cellular processes, which must be tightly regulated to maintain genome stability. To provide a comprehensive and unbiased perspective of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathways, we performed 30 fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based genome-wide CRISPR screens in human cell lines with antibodies recognizing distinct endogenous DNA damage signaling proteins to identify critical regulators involved in DDR. We discovered that proteasome-mediated processing is an early and prerequisite event for cells to trigger camptothecin- and etoposide-induced DDR signaling. Furthermore, we identified PRMT1 and PRMT5 as modulators that regulate ATM protein level. Moreover, we discovered that GNB1L is a key regulator of DDR signaling via its role as a co-chaperone specifically regulating PIKK proteins. Collectively, these screens offer a rich resource for further investigation of DDR, which may provide insight into strategies of targeting these DDR pathways to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fuwen Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Litong Nie
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siting Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mengfan Tang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisha Mou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Traver Hart
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Zhang Y, Gong H, Wang JS, Li MN, Cao DL, Gu J, Zhao LX, Zhang XD, Deng YT, Dong FL, Gao YJ, Sun WX, Jiang BC. Nerve Injury-Induced γH2AX Reduction in Primary Sensory Neurons Is Involved in Neuropathic Pain Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10148. [PMID: 37373296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the serine 139 of the histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) is a DNA damage marker that regulates DNA damage response and various diseases. However, whether γH2AX is involved in neuropathic pain is still unclear. We found the expression of γH2AX and H2AX decreased in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after spared nerve injury (SNI). Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), which promotes γH2AX, was also down-regulated in DRG after peripheral nerve injury. ATM inhibitor KU55933 decreased the level of γH2AX in ND7/23 cells. The intrathecal injection of KU55933 down-regulated DRG γH2AX expression and significantly induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ATM by siRNA could also decrease the pain threshold. The inhibition of dephosphorylation of γH2AX by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) siRNA partially suppressed the down-regulation of γH2AX after SNI and relieved pain behavior. Further exploration of the mechanism revealed that inhibiting ATM by KU55933 up-regulated extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and down-regulated potassium ion channel genes, such as potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 2 (Kcnq2) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 (Kcnd2) in vivo, and KU559333 enhanced sensory neuron excitability in vitro. These preliminary findings imply that the down-regulation of γH2AX may contribute to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Hao Gong
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ji-Shuai Wang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meng-Na Li
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - De-Li Cao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lin-Xia Zhao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xin-Dan Zhang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu-Tao Deng
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Fu-Lu Dong
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Wen-Xing Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Bao-Chun Jiang
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Bodnar-Wachtel M, Huber AL, Gorry J, Hacot S, Burlet D, Gérossier L, Guey B, Goutagny N, Bartosch B, Ballot E, Lecuelle J, Truntzer C, Ghiringhelli F, Py BF, Couté Y, Ballesta A, Lantuejoul S, Hall J, Tissier A, Petrilli V. Inflammasome-independent NLRP3 function enforces ATM activity in response to genotoxic stress. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201494. [PMID: 36746533 PMCID: PMC9904227 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is a pattern recognition receptor with a well-documented role in inducing inflammasome assembly in response to cellular stress. Deregulation of its activity leads to many inflammatory disorders including gouty arthritis, Alzheimer disease, and cancer. Whereas its role in the context of cancer has been mostly explored in the immune compartment, whether NLRP3 exerts functions unrelated to immunity in cancer development remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that NLRP3 interacts with the ATM kinase to control the activation of the DNA damage response, independently of its inflammasome activity. NLRP3 down-regulation in both broncho- and mammary human epithelial cells significantly impairs ATM pathway activation, leading to lower p53 activation, and provides cells with the ability to resist apoptosis induced by acute genotoxic stress. Interestingly, NLRP3 expression is down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancers and breast cancers, and its expression positively correlates with patient overall survival. Our findings identify a novel non-immune function for NLRP3 in maintaining genome integrity and strengthen the concept of a functional link between innate immunity and DNA damage sensing pathways to maintain cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bodnar-Wachtel
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Huber
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Julie Gorry
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sabine Hacot
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Burlet
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laetitia Gérossier
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Baptiste Guey
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nadège Goutagny
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Ballot
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Julie Lecuelle
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Truntzer
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Département d'oncologie Médicale, INSERM 1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Bénédicte F Py
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Lyon, INSERM, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, UA13 BGE, CNRS, CEA, FR2048, Grenoble, France
| | - Annabelle Ballesta
- INSERM and Université Paris Sud, UMRS 935, Campus CNRS, Villejuif, France & Honorary Position, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Département de Pathologie, Pôle de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Inserm U823, Institut A Bonniot-Université J Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Janet Hall
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Agnès Tissier
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Petrilli
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Département de Biopathologie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Maguina M, Kang PB, Tsai AC, Pacak CA. Peripheral neuropathies associated with DNA repair disorders. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:101-110. [PMID: 36190439 PMCID: PMC10075233 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Repair of genomic DNA is a fundamental housekeeping process that quietly maintains the health of our genomes. The consequences of a genetic defect affecting a component of this delicate mechanism are quite harmful, characterized by a cascade of premature aging that injures a variety of organs, including the nervous system. One part of the nervous system that is impaired in certain DNA repair disorders is the peripheral nerve. Chronic motor, sensory, and sensorimotor polyneuropathies have all been observed in affected individuals, with specific physiologies associated with different categories of DNA repair disorders. Cockayne syndrome has classically been linked to demyelinating polyneuropathies, whereas xeroderma pigmentosum has long been associated with axonal polyneuropathies. Three additional recessive DNA repair disorders are associated with neuropathies, including trichothiodystrophy, Werner syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia. Although plausible biological explanations exist for why the peripheral nerves are specifically vulnerable to impairments of DNA repair, specific mechanisms such as oxidative stress remain largely unexplored in this context, and bear further study. It is also unclear why different DNA repair disorders manifest with different types of neuropathy, and why neuropathy is not universally present in those diseases. Longitudinal physiological monitoring of these neuropathies with serial electrodiagnostic studies may provide valuable noninvasive outcome data in the context of future natural history studies, and thus the responses of these neuropathies may become sentinel outcome measures for future clinical trials of treatments currently in development such as adeno-associated virus gene replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Maguina
- Medical Education Program, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Miser-Salihoglu E, Demokan S, Karanlik H, Karahalil B, Önder S, Cömert S, Yardim-Akaydin S. Investigation of mRNA Expression Levels of Tip60 and Related DNA Repair Genes in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:125-134. [PMID: 36463002 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies in breast cancer (BC) have been shown that many tumor cells carry mutations that disrupt the DNA damage response mechanism. In eukaryotic cells, the overexpression or deprivation of DSBs repair genes is linked closely to a higher risk of cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, mRNA expression levels of some genes, such as Tip60, ATM, p53, CHK2, BRCA1, H2AX, which are associated with DNA damage repair, were measured using RT-PCR method in tumor and matched-normal tissues of 58 patients with BC. RESULTS According to the study results, 55% in Tip60, 59% in ATM, 57% in BRCA1, 48% in H2AX, 66% in CHK2, and 43% in p53 decreased in tumor tissue of patients compared to the matched normal tissue. When evaluated according to molecular subtypes, expression of all genes in the pathway was found significantly higher in normal tissues than in tumor tissues especially in Luminal B and Luminal B+HER2 groups. One of the most important results of the study is that CHK2 mRNA expressions in normal tissues were higher than tumor tissue in 90% of patients in Luminal B and Luminal B-HER2 + groups. This is the first study showing DNA repair genes' expressions in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. In general, the decrease in the expression of DNA damage repair genes in tumor tissue indicates that these genes may have a role in the development of BC. Our study results also suggest that CHK2 may be a candidate marker in the molecular classification of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Miser-Salihoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Semra Demokan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Karanlik
- Department of Surgery, Istanbul University, Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bensu Karahalil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semen Önder
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevde Cömert
- Department of Basic Oncology, Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Yardim-Akaydin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Alternative telomere maintenance mechanism in Alligator sinensis provides insights into aging evolution. iScience 2022; 26:105850. [PMID: 36636341 PMCID: PMC9829719 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifespan is a life-history trait that undergoes natural selection. Telomeres are hallmarks of aging, and shortening rate predicts species lifespan, making telomere maintenance mechanisms throughout different lifespans a worthy topic for study. Alligators are suitable for the exploration of anti-aging molecular mechanisms, because they exhibit low or even negligible mortality in adults and no significant telomere shortening. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression is absent in the adult Alligator sinensis, as in humans. Selection analyses on telomere maintenance genes indicated that ATM, FANCE, SAMHD1, HMBOX1, NAT10, and MAP3K4 experienced positive selection on A. sinensis. Repressed pleiotropic ATM kinase in A. sinensis suggests their fitness optimum shift. In ATM downstream, Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres (ALT)-related genes were clustered in a higher expression pattern in A. sinensis, which covers 10-15% of human cancers showing no telomerase activities. In summary, we demonstrated how telomere shortening, telomerase activities, and ALT contributed to anti-aging strategies.
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da Silva RB, Bertoldo WDR, Naves LL, de Vito FB, Damasceno JD, Tosi LRO, Machado CR, Pedrosa AL. Specific Human ATR and ATM Inhibitors Modulate Single Strand DNA Formation in Leishmania major Exposed to Oxidative Agent. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:802613. [PMID: 35059327 PMCID: PMC8763966 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.802613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites are the causative agents of a group of neglected tropical diseases known as leishmaniasis. The molecular mechanisms employed by these parasites to adapt to the adverse conditions found in their hosts are not yet completely understood. DNA repair pathways can be used by Leishmania to enable survival in the interior of macrophages, where the parasite is constantly exposed to oxygen reactive species. In higher eukaryotes, DNA repair pathways are coordinated by the central protein kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related (ATR). The enzyme Exonuclease-1 (EXO1) plays important roles in DNA replication, repair, and recombination, and it can be regulated by ATM- and ATR-mediated signaling pathways. In this study, the DNA damage response pathways in promastigote forms of L. major were investigated using bioinformatics tools, exposure of lineages to oxidizing agents and radiation damage, treatment of cells with ATM and ATR inhibitors, and flow cytometry analysis. We demonstrated high structural and important residue conservation for the catalytic activity of the putative LmjEXO1. The overexpression of putative LmjEXO1 made L. major cells more susceptible to genotoxic damage, most likely due to the nuclease activity of this enzyme and the occurrence of hyper-resection of DNA strands. These cells could be rescued by the addition of caffeine or a selective ATM inhibitor. In contrast, ATR-specific inhibition made the control cells more susceptible to oxidative damage in an LmjEXO1 overexpression-like manner. We demonstrated that ATR-specific inhibition results in the formation of extended single-stranded DNA, most likely due to EXO1 nucleasic activity. Antagonistically, ATM inhibition prevented single-strand DNA formation, which could explain the survival phenotype of lineages overexpressing LmjEXO1. These results suggest that an ATM homolog in Leishmania could act to promote end resection by putative LmjEXO1, and an ATR homologue could prevent hyper-resection, ensuring adequate repair of the parasite DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Bernardes da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Willian Dos Reis Bertoldo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucila Langoni Naves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bernadelli de Vito
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Jeziel Dener Damasceno
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Farmacologia e Fisiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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10
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Imran SAM, Yazid MD, Cui W, Lokanathan Y. The Intra- and Extra-Telomeric Role of TRF2 in the DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189900. [PMID: 34576063 PMCID: PMC8470803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) has a well-known function at the telomeres, which acts to protect the telomere end from being recognized as a DNA break or from unwanted recombination. This protection mechanism prevents DNA instability from mutation and subsequent severe diseases caused by the changes in DNA, such as cancer. Since TRF2 actively inhibits the DNA damage response factors from recognizing the telomere end as a DNA break, many more studies have also shown its interactions outside of the telomeres. However, very little has been discovered on the mechanisms involved in these interactions. This review aims to discuss the known function of TRF2 and its interaction with the DNA damage response (DDR) factors at both telomeric and non-telomeric regions. In this review, we will summarize recent progress and findings on the interactions between TRF2 and DDR factors at telomeres and outside of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti A. M. Imran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9145-7704
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11
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Efremenko A, Balbuena P, Clewell RA, Black M, Pluta L, Andersen ME, Gentry PR, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Time-dependent genomic response in primary human uroepithelial cells exposed to arsenite for up to 60 days. Toxicology 2021; 461:152893. [PMID: 34425169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from both in vivo and in vitro studies suggests that gene expression changes from long-term exposure to arsenite evolve markedly over time, including reversals in the direction of expression change in key regulatory genes. In this study, human uroepithelial cells from the ureter segments of 4 kidney-donors were continuously treated in culture with arsenite at concentrations of 0.1 or 1 μM for 60 days. Gene expression at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 days was determined using Affymetrix human genome microarrays and signal pathway analysis was performed using GeneGo Metacore. Arsenic treated cells continued to proliferate for the full 60-day period, whereas untreated cells ceased proliferating after approximately 30 days. A peak in the number of gene changes in the treated cells compared to untreated controls was observed between 30 and 40 days of exposure, with substantially fewer changes at 10 and 60 days, suggesting remodeling of the cells over time. Consistent with this possibility, the direction of expression change for a number of key genes was reversed between 20 and 30 days, including CFOS and MDM2. While the progression of gene changes was different for each subject, a common pattern was observed in arsenic treated cells over time, with early upregulation of oxidative stress responses (HMOX1, NQ01, TXN, TXNRD1) and down-regulation of immune/inflammatory responses (IKKα). At around 30 days, there was a transition to increased inflammatory and proliferative signaling (AKT, CFOS), evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and alterations in DNA damage responses (MDM2, ATM). A common element in the changing response of cells to arsenite over time appears to involve up-regulation of MDM2 by inflammatory signaling (through AP-1 and NF-κB), leading to inhibition of P53 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Efremenko
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Michael Black
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | - Linda Pluta
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States
| | | | | | - Janice W Yager
- Ramboll US Corporation, Emeryville, CA, United States(1)
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, United States.
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12
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Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122978. [PMID: 34198652 PMCID: PMC8232221 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by early recurrence, high invasion, and poor prognosis. Currently, its treatment includes chemotherapy, which shows a suboptimal efficacy. However, with the increasing studies on TNBC subtypes and tumor molecular biology, great progress has been made in targeted therapy for TNBC. The new developments in the treatment of breast cancer include targeted therapy, which has the advantages of accurate positioning, high efficiency, and low toxicity, as compared to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Given its importance as cancer treatment, we review the latest research on the subtypes of TNBC and relevant targeted therapies.
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13
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Amani J, Gorjizadeh N, Younesi S, Najafi M, Ashrafi AM, Irian S, Gorjizadeh N, Azizian K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and the DNA damage response: The link between signaling pathways and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103103. [PMID: 33812232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the cellular level, DNA repair mechanisms are crucial in maintaining both genomic integrity and stability. DNA damage appears to be a central culprit in tumor onset and progression. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory partners coordinate the cell cycle progression. Aberrant CDK activity has been linked to a variety of cancers through deregulation of cell-cycle control. Besides DNA damaging agents and chromosome instability (CIN), disruptions in the levels of cell cycle regulators including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) would result in unscheduled proliferation and cell division. The INK4 and Cip/Kip (CDK interacting protein/kinase inhibitor protein) family of CDKI proteins are involved in cell cycle regulation, transcription regulation, apoptosis, and cell migration. A thorough understanding of how these CDKIs regulate the DNA damage response through multiple signaling pathways may provide an opportunity to design efficient treatment strategies to inhibit carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassim Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mojtaba Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
| | - Arash M Ashrafi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
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The high protein expression of FOXO3, but not that of FOXO1, is associated with markers of good prognosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6920. [PMID: 32332845 PMCID: PMC7181619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63895-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To better define the role of FOXO1 and FOXO3 transcriptional factors in breast carcinogenesis, we performed a comparative study of their expression at both the RNA and protein levels in a series of human breast tumors. We used qRT-PCR assay to quantify mRNA expression and Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to quantify protein expression in 218 breast tumors from patients with known clinical/pathological status and outcome. Weak correlations were observed between mRNA and protein expressions for both FOXO1 and FOXO3 genes. High expression of FOXO3 protein, but not FOXO1 protein, was a good prognostic marker, negatively correlated with KI67 and markers of activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR oncogenic pathway, and positively correlated with p53, a marker of apoptosis. Moreover, FOXO3 protein expression, but not FOXO1 protein expression, was also negatively correlated with various proteins involved in different DNA repair mechanisms. FOXO3 protein, but not FOXO1 protein, appears to be a tumor suppressor that inhibits breast cancer by altering DNA damage response (DDR), thereby inducing p53-dependent apoptosis. This antitumor effect appears to be suppressed by excessive activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. High FOXO3 protein expression could be a biomarker of deficient DDR in breast tumors.
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15
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Jacques C, Tesfaye R, Lavaud M, Georges S, Baud’huin M, Lamoureux F, Ory B. Implication of the p53-Related miR-34c, -125b, and -203 in the Osteoblastic Differentiation and the Malignant Transformation of Bone Sarcomas. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040810. [PMID: 32230926 PMCID: PMC7226610 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of the skeleton occurs throughout the lives of vertebrates and is achieved through the balanced activities of two kinds of specialized bone cells: the bone-forming osteoblasts and the bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Impairment in the remodeling processes dramatically hampers the proper healing of fractures and can also result in malignant bone diseases such as osteosarcoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding single-strand RNAs implicated in the control of various cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their post-transcriptional regulatory role confers on them inhibitory functions toward specific target mRNAs. As miRNAs are involved in the differentiation program of precursor cells, it is now well established that this class of molecules also influences bone formation by affecting osteoblastic differentiation and the fate of osteoblasts. In response to various cell signals, the tumor-suppressor protein p53 activates a huge range of genes, whose miRNAs promote genomic-integrity maintenance, cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we review the role of three p53-related miRNAs, miR-34c, -125b, and -203, in the bone-remodeling context and, in particular, in osteoblastic differentiation. The second aim of this study is to deal with the potential implication of these miRNAs in osteosarcoma development and progression.
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16
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Ye Q, Chen H, Wen Z, Guo W, Huang Y, Mo X. Abnormal expression of p-ATM/CHK2 in nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, is correlated with poor prognosis. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:223-227. [PMID: 32220941 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins in nasal extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL). METHODS The expression profiles of cell cycle related proteins were assessed with a cell cycle antibody array and validated by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between the expression levels of proteins and clinical outcomes of patients with nasal ENKTCL were evaluated. RESULTS The expression of full length ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in nasal ENKTCL significantly decreased compared with that in nasal benign lymphoid proliferative disease (NBLPD), but the expression levels of p-ATM, CHK2 and RAD51 significantly increased in nasal ENKTCL compared with that in NBLPD. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the expression levels of p-ATM and CHK2 in nasal ENKTCL were inversely related to overall survival (p=0.011 and p=0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION Abnormalities in the ATM pathway may play a crucial role in the oncogenesis and chemoradiotherapy resistance of nasal ENKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Ye
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiling Chen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zonghua Wen
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongta Huang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianglan Mo
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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17
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Douglas JK, Callahan RE, Hothem ZA, Cousineau CS, Kawak S, Thibodeau BJ, Bergeron S, Li W, Peeples CE, Wasvary HJ. Genomic variation as a marker of response to neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2020; 7:1716618. [PMID: 32391418 PMCID: PMC7199754 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2020.1716618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is variation in the responsiveness of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, from complete response to total resistance. This study compared genetic variation in rectal cancer patients who had a complete response to chemoradiation versus poor response, using tumor tissue samples sequenced with genomics analysis software. Rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation and proctectomy June 2006-March 2017 were grouped based on response to chemoradiation: those with no residual tumor after surgery (CR, complete responders, AJCC-CPR tumor grade 0, n = 8), and those with poor response (PR, AJCC-CPR tumor grade two or three on surgical resection, n = 8). We identified 195 variants in 83 genes in tissue specimens implicated in colorectal cancer biopathways. PR patients showed mutations in four genes not mutated in complete responders: KDM6A, ABL1, DAXX-ZBTB22, and KRAS. Ten genes were mutated only in the CR group, including ARID1A, PMS2, JAK1, CREBBP, MTOR, RB1, PRKAR1A, FBXW7, ATM C11orf65, and KMT2D, with specific discriminating variants noted in DMNT3A, KDM6A, MTOR, APC, and TP53. Although conclusions may be limited by small sample size in this pilot study, we identified multiple genetic variations in tumor DNA from rectal cancer patients who are poor responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiation, compared to complete responders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rose E. Callahan
- Department of Surgical Research, Beaumont Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Samer Kawak
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Li
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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18
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Coussy F, El Botty R, Lavigne M, Gu C, Fuhrmann L, Briaux A, de Koning L, Dahmani A, Montaudon E, Morisset L, Huguet L, Sourd L, Painsec P, Chateau-Joubert S, Larcher T, Vacher S, Melaabi S, Salomon AV, Marangoni E, Bieche I. Combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors yields durable remission in PDX models of PIK3CA-mutated metaplastic breast cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 32087759 PMCID: PMC7036180 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-0846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare form of breast cancer characterized by an aggressive clinical presentation, with a poor response to standard chemotherapy. MBCs are typically triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), frequently with alterations to genes of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways. The objective of this study was to determine the response to PI3K and MAPK pathway inhibitors in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of MBCs with targetable alterations. Methods We compared survival between triple-negative MBCs and other histological subtypes, in a clinical cohort of 323 TNBC patients. PDX models were established from primary breast tumors classified as MBC. PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK pathway alterations were detected by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and analyses of copy number alterations. Activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways was analyzed with reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA). PDXs carrying an activating mutation of PIK3CA and genomic changes to the RTK-MAPK signaling pathways were treated with a combination consisting of a PI3K inhibitor and a MEK inhibitor. Results In our clinical cohort, the patients with MBC had a worse prognosis than those with other histological subtypes. We established nine metaplastic TNBC PDXs. Three had a pathogenic mutation of PIK3CA and additional alterations to genes associated with RTK-MAPK signaling. The MBC PDXs expressed typical EMT and stem cell genes and were of the mesenchymal or mesenchymal stem-like TNBC subtypes. On histological analysis, MBC PDXs presented squamous or chondroid differentiation. RPPA analysis showed activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK signaling pathways. In vivo, the combination of PI3K and MAPK inhibitors displayed marked antitumor activity in PDXs carrying genomic alterations of PIK3CA, AKT1, BRAF, and FGFR4. Conclusion The treatment of metaplastic breast cancer PDXs by activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and RTK-MAPK pathways at the genomic and protein levels with a combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors resulted in tumor regression in mutated models and may therefore be of interest for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coussy
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France. .,Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
| | - R El Botty
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - M Lavigne
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - C Gu
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L Fuhrmann
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - A Briaux
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - L de Koning
- Translational Research Department, RPPA Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - A Dahmani
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - E Montaudon
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - L Morisset
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - L Huguet
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - L Sourd
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - P Painsec
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - S Chateau-Joubert
- BioPôle Alfort, National Veterinary School of Alfort, Maison Alfort, France
| | - T Larcher
- INRA, APEX-PAnTher, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - S Vacher
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - S Melaabi
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - E Marangoni
- Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie Research Center, Paris, France
| | - I Bieche
- Unit of Pharmacogenomics, Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Inserm U1016, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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19
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Coussy F, Lavigne M, de Koning L, Botty RE, Nemati F, Naguez A, Bataillon G, Ouine B, Dahmani A, Montaudon E, Painsec P, Chateau-Joubert S, Laetitia F, Larcher T, Vacher S, Chemlali W, Briaux A, Melaabi S, Salomon AV, Guinebretiere JM, Bieche I, Marangoni E. Response to mTOR and PI3K inhibitors in enzalutamide-resistant luminal androgen receptor triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Theranostics 2020; 10:1531-1543. [PMID: 32042320 PMCID: PMC6993232 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminal androgen receptor (LAR) breast cancer accounts for 10% of all triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Anti-androgen therapy for this subtype is in development, but yields only partial clinical benefits. In this study, we aimed to characterize the genomic alterations of LAR TNBC, to analyze activation of the PI3K signaling pathway and to compare the response to PI3K pathway inhibitors with that to anti-androgen therapy in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of LAR TNBC. Methods: Four LAR PDX models were identified, on the basis of their transcriptomic profiles, in a cohort of 57 PDX models of TNBC. The expression of AR-related genes, basal and luminal cytokeratins and EMT genes was analyzed by RT-PCR and IHC. AKT1 and PIK3CA mutations were identified by targeted NGS, and activation of the PI3K pathway was analyzed with a reverse-phase protein array. Three LAR PDXs with a PIK3CA or AKT1 mutation were treated with the AR inhibitor enzalutamide, a PI3K inhibitor, a dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitor and a mTORC1-mTORC2 inhibitor. Finally, we screened a clinical cohort of 329 TNBC for PIK3CA and AKT1 hotspot mutations. Results: LAR TNBC PDXs were significantly enriched in PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations, and had higher levels of luminal-androgen-like gene expression and a higher PI3K pathway protein activation score than other TNBC subtypes. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed strong expression of the luminal cytokeratin CK18 and AR in three LAR PDX models. We found that mTOR and PI3K inhibitors had marked antitumor activity in vivo in PDX harboring genomic alterations of PIK3CA and AKT1 genes that did not respond to the AR antagonist enzalutamide. PIK3CA mutations were detected in more than one third of AR+ TNBC from patients (38%), and only 10% of AR-negative TNBC. Conclusion: Our results for PDX models of LAR TNBC resistant to enzalutamide indicate that PIK3CA and AKT1 are potential therapeutic targets.
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Rezaeian AH, Khanbabaei H, Calin GA. Therapeutic Potential of the miRNA-ATM Axis in the Management of Tumor Radioresistance. Cancer Res 2019; 80:139-150. [PMID: 31767626 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is widely known for its function as a chief mobilizer of the DNA damage response (DDR) upon DNA double-strand breaks. ATM orchestrates the DDR by modulating the expression of various miRNAs through several mechanisms. On the other hand, a set of miRNAs contribute to tight regulation of ATM by directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of ATM mRNA. This review addresses the therapeutic application and molecular mechanisms that underlie the intricate interactions between miRNAs and ATM. It also describes therapeutic delivery of miRNAs in different environments such as hypoxic tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdol-Hossein Rezaeian
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - George A Calin
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics and Leukemia and the Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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21
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Zhu LS, Wang DQ, Cui K, Liu D, Zhu LQ. Emerging Perspectives on DNA Double-strand Breaks in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1146-1157. [PMID: 31362659 PMCID: PMC7057204 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190726115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are common events that were recognized as one of the most toxic lesions in eu-karyotic cells. DSBs are widely involved in many physiological processes such as V(D)J recombination, meiotic recombina-tion, DNA replication and transcription. Deregulation of DSBs has been reported in multiple diseases in human beings, such as the neurodegenerative diseases, with which the underlying mechanisms are needed to be illustrated. Here, we reviewed the recent insights into the dysfunction of DSB formation and repair, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative dis-orders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD) and ataxia tel-angiectasia (A-T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education, Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education, Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education, Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education, Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education, Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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22
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Blum Y, Meiller C, Quetel L, Elarouci N, Ayadi M, Tashtanbaeva D, Armenoult L, Montagne F, Tranchant R, Renier A, de Koning L, Copin MC, Hofman P, Hofman V, Porte H, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, de Reyniès A, Jean D. Dissecting heterogeneity in malignant pleural mesothelioma through histo-molecular gradients for clinical applications. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1333. [PMID: 30902996 PMCID: PMC6430832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is recognized as heterogeneous based both on histology and molecular profiling. Histology addresses inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity in MPM and describes three major types: epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic, a combination of the former two types. Molecular profiling studies have not addressed intra-tumor heterogeneity in MPM to date. Here, we use a deconvolution approach and show that molecular gradients shed new light on the intra-tumor heterogeneity of MPM, leading to a reconsideration of MPM molecular classifications. We show that each tumor can be decomposed as a combination of epithelioid-like and sarcomatoid-like components whose proportions are highly associated with the prognosis. Moreover, we show that this more subtle way of characterizing MPM heterogeneity provides a better understanding of the underlying oncogenic pathways and the related epigenetic regulation and immune and stromal contexts. We discuss the implications of these findings for guiding therapeutic strategies, particularly immunotherapies and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Clément Meiller
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Lisa Quetel
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Nabila Elarouci
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mira Ayadi
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Danisa Tashtanbaeva
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Lucile Armenoult
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France
| | - François Montagne
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Générale et Thoracique, CHU de Rouen, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Robin Tranchant
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR8231 Chimie Biologie Innovation, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Annie Renier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Copin
- Université de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
- Institut de Pathologie, Centre de Biologie-Pathologie, CHRU de Lille, 59037, Lille, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, 06003, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Laboratoire de Pathologie Clinique et Expérimentale (LPCE) et biobanque (BB-0033-00025), CHRU de Nice, 06003, Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, 06108, Nice, France
| | - Henri Porte
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, 59045, Lille, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
- Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Didier Jean
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Universités, Inserm, UMRS-1138, 75006, Paris, France.
- Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors, USPC, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, 75000, Paris, France.
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23
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Gao C, Zhuang J, Zhou C, Li H, Liu C, Liu L, Feng F, Liu R, Sun C. SNP mutation-related genes in breast cancer for monitoring and prognosis of patients: A study based on the TCGA database. Cancer Med 2019; 8:2303-2312. [PMID: 30883028 PMCID: PMC6537087 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cancer biology have allowed early diagnosis and more comprehensive treatment of breast cancer (BC). However, it remains the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide because of its strong invasiveness and metastasis. In‐depth study of the molecular pathogenesis of BC and of relevant prognostic markers would improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of SNP‐related data from BC patients provided in the TCGA database revealed that six mutant genes (NCOR1, GATA3, CDH1, ATM, AKT1, and PTEN) were significantly associated with the corresponding expression levels of the proteins. The proteins were involved in multiple pathways related to the development of cancer, including the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, pertinent microRNAs, and the MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, overall survival and recurrence‐free survival analysis revealed the close associations of the expression of GATA3, NCOR1, CDH1, and ATM with survival of BC patients. Therefore, detecting these gene mutations and exploring their corresponding expression could be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients. The results of the high‐throughput data mining provide important fundamental bioinformatics information and a relevant theoretical basis for further exploring the molecular pathogenesis of BC and assessing the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Gao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Fubin Feng
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, PR China.,Department of Oncology, Affilited Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, PR China
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24
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Molecular features unique to glioblastoma radiation resistant residual cells may affect patient outcome - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 42:107-116. [PMID: 30361826 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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25
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Tranchant R, Quetel L, Montagne F, De Wolf J, Meiller C, De Koning L, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, Jean D. Assessment of signaling pathway inhibitors and identification of predictive biomarkers in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2018; 126:15-24. [PMID: 30527180 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with limited therapeutic options, requiring the development of efficient targeted therapies based on molecular phenotype of the tumor and to identify predictive biomarkers of the response. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of inhibitors was investigated by cell viability assessment on primary MPM cell lines established in our laboratory from patient tumors, well characterized at the molecular level. Effects on apoptosis, cell proliferation and viability on MPM growing in multicellular spheroid were also assessed for verteporfin. Gene and protein expression, and gene knockdown by RNA interference were used to define mechanism of inhibition and specific predictive biomarkers. RESULTS Anti-tumor effect of eight major signaling pathways inhibitors involved in mesothelial carcinogenesis was investigated. Three inhibitors were more efficient than cisplatin, the drug used as first-line chemotherapy in patients with MPM: verteporfin, a putative YAP inhibitor, defactinib, a FAK inhibitor and NSC668394, an Ezrin inhibitor. Verteporfin, the most efficient inhibitor, induced cell proliferation arrest and cell death, and is effective on 3D spheroid multicellular model. Verteporfin sensitivity was YAP-independent and related to molecular classification of the tumors. Biomarkers based on gene expression were identified to predict accurately sensitivity to these three inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our study shows that drug screening on well-characterized MPM cells allows for the identification of novel potential therapeutic strategies and defining specific biomarkers predictive of the drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tranchant
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lisa Quetel
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - François Montagne
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Calmette - CHRU de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France; Université Droit et Santé Lille 2, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Julien De Wolf
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Clement Meiller
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Leanne De Koning
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Translational Research Department, F -75005, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Inserm, UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides, F-75010, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, F-75000, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, F-75010, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-93206, Saint-Denis, France.
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26
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Lallemand F, Petitalot A, Vacher S, de Koning L, Taouis K, Lopez BS, Zinn-Justin S, Dalla-Venezia N, Chemlali W, Schnitzler A, Lidereau R, Bieche I, Caputo SM. Involvement of the FOXO6 transcriptional factor in breast carcinogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7464-7475. [PMID: 29484124 PMCID: PMC5800916 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, FOXO transcriptional factors form a family of four members (FOXO1, 3, 4, and 6) involved in the modulation proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis. The role of the FOXO family in breast cancer remains poorly elucidated. According to the cellular context and the stage of the disease, FOXOs can have opposite effects on carcinogenesis. To study the role of FOXOs in breast carcinogenesis in more detail, we examined their expression in normal tissues, breast cell lines, and a large series of breast tumours of human origin. We found a very low physiological level of FOXO6 expression in normal adult tissues and high levels of expression in foetal brain. FOXO gene expressions fluctuate specifically in breast cancer cells compared to normal cells, suggesting that these genes may have different roles in breast carcinogenesis. For the first time, we have shown that, among the various FOXO genes, only FOXO6 was frequently highly overexpressed in breast cell lines and tumours. We also found that inhibition of the endogenous expression of FOXO6 by a specific siRNA inhibited the growth of the human breast cell lines MDA-MB-468 and HCC-38. FACS and Western blot analysis showed that inhibition of endogenous expression of FOXO6 induced accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, but not apoptosis. These results tend to demonstrate that the overexpression of the human FOXO6 gene that we highlighted in the breast tumors stimulates breast carcinogenesis by activating breast cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lallemand
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service de génétique, unité de génétique constitutionnelle, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Karim Taouis
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bernard S Lopez
- CNRS UMR 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, équipe labélisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Zinn-Justin
- Laboratoire de biologie structurale et radiobiologie, IBITEC-S (CEA) and I2BC (UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Univ. Paris South), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Dalla-Venezia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL)/INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Walid Chemlali
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schnitzler
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Rosette Lidereau
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Service de génétique, unité de pharmacogénomique, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,EA7331, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Service de génétique, unité de génétique constitutionnelle, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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27
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Begam N, Jamil K, Raju SG. Promoter Hypermethylation of the ATM Gene as a Novel Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3003-3009. [PMID: 29172272 PMCID: PMC5773784 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.11.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer may be induced by activation of protooncogenes to oncogenes and in many cases inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is an important tumor suppressor gene which plays central roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity by activating cell cycle checkpoints and promoting repair of double-strand breaks of DNA. In breast cancer, decrease ATM expression correlates with a poor outcome; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying downregulation are still unclear. Promoter hypermethylation may contribute in downregulation. Hence the present investigation was designed to evaluate promoter methylation and expression of the ATM gene in breast cancer cases, and to determine links with clinical and demographic manifestations, in a South Indian population. Methods: Tumor biopsy samples were collected from 50 pathologically confirmed sporadic breast cancer cases. DNA was isolated from tumor and adjacent non-tumorous regions, and sodium bisulfite conversion and methylation-specific PCR were performed using MS-PCR primers for the ATM promoter region. In addition, ATM mRNA expression was also analyzed for all samples using real-time PCR. Results: Fifty eight percent (58%) of cancer tissue samples showed promoter hypermethylation for the ATM gene, in contrast to only 4.44% of normal tissues (p= 0.0001). Furthermore, ATM promoter methylation was positively associated with age (p = 0.01), tumor size (p=0.045) and advanced stage of disease i.e. stages III and IV (p =0.019). An association between promoter hypermethylation and lower expression of ATM mRNA was also found (p=0.035). Conclusion: We report for the first time that promoter hypermethylation of ATM gene may be useful as a potential new biomarker for breast cancer, especially in the relatively young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Begam
- Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Advanced Studies (JNIAS), School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biotechnology and Bioinformatics,Secunderabad- 500003,Telangana, India.
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Liu K, Zhao X, Gu J, Wu J, Zhang H, Li Y. Effects of 12C6+ heavy ion beam irradiation on the p53 signaling pathway in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:989-998. [PMID: 29036263 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy ion beam is considered to be the ideal source for radiotherapy. The p53 tumor suppressor gene senses DNA damage and transducts intracellular apoptosis signals. Previous reports showed that the heavy ion beam can trigger complex forms of damage to cellular DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of HepG2 human liver cancer cells; however, the mechanisms remains unclear fully. In order to explore whether the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway participates this process, HepG2 cells were treated with 12C6+ HIB irradiation at doses of 0 (control), 1, 2, 4, and 6 Gy with various methods employed to understand relevant mechanisms, such as detection of apoptosis, cell cycle, and Fas expression by flow cytometry, analysis of apoptotic morphology by electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy, and screening differentially expressed genes relating to p53 signaling pathway by PCR-array assay following with any genes confirmed by western blot analysis. This study showed that 12C6+ heavy ion beam irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy leads to endogenous DNA double-strand damage, G2/M cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of human HepG2 cells via synergistic effect of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Differentially expressed genes in the p53 signaling pathway related to DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cycle regulation, metastasis, deterioration and radioresistance were also discovered. Consequently, the expressions of Fas, TP53BP2, TP53AIP1, and CASP9 were confirmed upregulated after 12C6+ HIB irradiation treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the mechanisms of inhibition and apoptosis induced by 12C6+ heavy ion beam irradiation on HepG2 cancer cells is mediated by initiation of the biological function of p53 signaling pathway including extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Gu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Heavy Ion Irradiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Heavy Ion Irradiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Acceleration-based training: A new mode of training in senescent rats improving performance and left ventricular and muscle functions. Exp Gerontol 2017; 95:71-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gao S, Li X, Ding X, Jiang L, Yang Q. Huaier extract restrains the proliferative potential of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells through increased ATM by suppressing miR-203. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7313. [PMID: 28779143 PMCID: PMC5544732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine therapy is one of the main treatments for breast cancer patients in the early stages. Tamoxifen and fulvestrant are the major drugs of endocrine therapy for breast cancer patients. However, acquired drug resistance often caused treatment failure and relapse for patients, which is a major clinical problem. We investigated whether Huaier extract had effects on endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. In our study, we aimed to demonstrate the inhibitory effects of Huaier extract on tamoxifen-resistant cells (M7-TR) and fulvestrant-resistant cells (M7-FR). Using MTT and clone formation assays, we found that Huaier extract could inhibit the proliferation in M7-TR and M7-FR cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting illustrated that Huaier extract could induce G0/G1 arrest in both endocrine-resistant breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, we present that Huaier extract significantly increased ataxia telangiectasia mutation (ATM) via down-regulation of miR-203. Huaier extract also had the inhibitory effects on tumour growth in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. These results demonstrated that Huaier extract could inhibit the proliferation of M7-TR and M7-FR cells by increasing ATM via suppression of miR-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xia Ding
- Department of Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Liyu Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China. .,Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
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31
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Rong H, Gu S, Zhang G, Kang L, Yang M, Zhang J, Shen X, Guan H. MiR-2964a-5p binding site SNP regulates ATM expression contributing to age-related cataract risk. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84945-84957. [PMID: 29156695 PMCID: PMC5689585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was to explore the involvement of DNA repair genes in the pathogenesis of age-related cataract (ARC). We genotyped nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes responsible to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in 804 ARC cases and 804 controls in a cohort of eye diseases in Chinese population and found that the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene-rs4585:G>T was significantly associated with ARC risk. An in vitro functional test found that miR-2964a-5p specifically down-regulated luciferase reporter expression and ATM expression in the cell lines transfected with rs4585 T allele compared to rs4585 G allele. The molecular assay on human tissue samples discovered that ATM expression was down-regulated in majority of ARC tissues and correlated with ATM genotypes. In addition, the Comet assay of cellular DNA damage of peripheral lymphocytes indicated that individuals carrying the G allele (GG/GT) of ATM-rs4585 had lower DNA breaks compared to individuals with TT genotype. These findings suggested that the SNP rs4585 in ATM might affect ARC risk through modulating the regulatory affinity of miR-2964a-5p. The reduced DSBs repair might be involved in ARC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rong
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Eye Department, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihua Kang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Guo Y, Sun W, Gong T, Chai Y, Wang J, Hui B, Li Y, Song L, Gao Y. miR-30a radiosensitizes non-small cell lung cancer by targeting ATF1 that is involved in the phosphorylation of ATM. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1980-1988. [PMID: 28259977 PMCID: PMC5367375 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing number of studies report that microRNAs play important roles in radiosensitization. miR-30a has been proved to perform many functions in the development and treatment of cancer, and it is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cells. This study was conducted to understand if miR-30a plays a role in the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells. Radiosensitivity was examed by colony survival assay and tumor volume changing in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assays were used to distinguish the candidate target of miR-30a. qRT-PCR and western blotting were carried out to detect the relative expression of mRNAs and proteins. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Our results illustrated miR-30a could increase the radiosensitivity of NSCLC, especially in A549 cell line. In vivo experiment also showed the potential radiosensitizing possibility of miR-30a. Further exploration validated that miR-30a was directly targeting activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1). In studying the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) associated effects on cell radiosensitivity, we found that miR-30a could reduce radiation induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and may also affect radiation induced apoptosis. Together, our results demonstrated that miR-30a may modulate the radiosensitivity of NSCLC through reducing the function of ATF1 in phosphorylation of ATM and have potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wenze Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tuotuo Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanlan Chai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Beina Hui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Liping Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Hallajian Z, Mahjoubi F, Nafissi N. Simultaneous ATM/BRCA1/RAD51 expression variations associated with prognostic factors in Iranian sporadic breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer 2017; 24:624-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-016-0750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tranchant R, Quetel L, Tallet A, Meiller C, Renier A, de Koning L, de Reynies A, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Zucman-Rossi J, Jaurand MC, Jean D. Co-occurring Mutations of Tumor Suppressor Genes, LATS2 and NF2, in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3191-3202. [PMID: 28003305 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To better define malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) heterogeneity and identify molecular subtypes of MPM, we focus on the tumor suppressor gene LATS2, a member of the Hippo signaling pathway, which plays a key role in mesothelial carcinogenesis.Experimental Design: Sixty-one MPM primary cultures established in our laboratory were screened for mutations in LATS2 Gene inactivation was modeled using siRNAs. Gene and protein expressions were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and reverse phase protein array. Cell proliferation, viability, apoptosis, mobility, and invasion were determined after siRNA knockdown or YAP (verteporfin), mTOR (rapamycin), and mTOR/PI3K/AKT (PF-04691502) inhibitor treatment.Results: The LATS2 gene was altered in 11% of MPM by point mutations and large exon deletions. Genetic data coupled with transcriptomic data allowed the identification of a new MPM molecular subgroup, C2LN, characterized by a co-occurring mutation in the LATS2 and NF2 genes in the same MPM. MPM patients of this subgroup presented a poor prognosis. Coinactivation of LATS2 and NF2 leads to loss of cell contact inhibition between MPM cells. Hippo signaling pathway activity, mTOR expression, and phosphorylation were altered in the C2LN MPM subgroup. MPMs of this new subgroup show higher sensitivity to PF-04691502 inhibitor. The MOK gene was identified as a potential biomarker of the C2LN MPM subgroup and PF-04691502 sensitivity.Conclusions: We identified a new MPM molecular subgroup that shares common genetic and transcriptomic characteristics. Our results made it possible to highlight a greater sensitivity to an anticancer compound for this MPM subgroup and to identify a specific potential biomarker. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3191-202. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Tranchant
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lisa Quetel
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Anne Tallet
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Clement Meiller
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Annie Renier
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurelien de Reynies
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Francoise Le Pimpec-Barthes
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France.,Département de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France.,Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, Hopital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Didier Jean
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR-1162, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Labex Immuno-oncology, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Saint-Denis, France
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Young MR, Craft DL. Pathway-Informed Classification System (PICS) for Cancer Analysis Using Gene Expression Data. Cancer Inform 2016; 15:151-61. [PMID: 27486299 PMCID: PMC4965015 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s40088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce Pathway-Informed Classification System (PICS) for classifying cancers based on tumor sample gene expression levels. PICS is a computational method capable of expeditiously elucidating both known and novel biological pathway involvement specific to various cancers and uses that learned pathway information to separate patients into distinct classes. The method clearly separates a pan-cancer dataset by tissue of origin and also sub-classifies individual cancer datasets into distinct survival classes. Gene expression values are collapsed into pathway scores that reveal which biological activities are most useful for clustering cancer cohorts into subtypes. Variants of the method allow it to be used on datasets that do and do not contain noncancerous samples. Activity levels of all types of pathways, broadly grouped into metabolic, cellular processes and signaling, and immune system, are useful for separating the pan-cancer cohort. In the clustering of specific cancer types, certain pathway types become more valuable depending on the site being studied. For lung cancer, signaling pathways dominate; for pancreatic cancer, signaling and metabolic pathways dominate; and for melanoma, immune system pathways are the most useful. This work suggests the utility of pathway-level genomic analysis and points in the direction of using pathway classification for predicting the efficacy and side effects of drugs and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Young
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, Intercampus, MA, USA
| | - David L Craft
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Suh KJ, Ryu HS, Lee KH, Kim H, Min A, Kim TY, Yang Y, Moon HG, Han SW, Oh DY, Han W, Park IA, Noh DY, Im SA. Loss of ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated protein expression correlates with poor prognosis but benefits from anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 158:233-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Huang S, Zhang Y, Zeng T. Effect of ATM-111 (G>A) Polymorphism on Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:359-66. [PMID: 27227554 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene-111 (G>A) polymorphism and cancer risk. METHODS The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched comprehensively. A total of 16 case-control studies with 12,273 cases and 13,046 controls were included in this meta-analysis; 12 of them were from the Chinese population. Five studies assessed smoking effects, including 3038 smokers and 1003 nonsmokers. Odds ratio (OR) was determined by using a genetic model-free approach. Heterogeneity was quantified by I(2) statistics. Publication bias was also evaluated. RESULTS The recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG) was suggested as the most appropriate genetic model. After elimination of heterogeneity, it was found that the ATM-111 (G>A) AA genotype is significantly associated with increased susceptibility to overall cancer risk in a fixed effects model (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.03-1.15; p < 0.01; I(2) < 0.01). In the subgroup analysis, the result of pooled analyses among the Chinese population revealed similar associations (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04-1.22; p < 0.01; I(2) < 0.01). As for specific cancer analysis, an increase was correlated with lung cancer risk (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01-1.24; p = 0.03) and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.00-1.16; p = 0.05). In addition, a stronger association was found among nonsmokers (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.13-1.52; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that AA genotype of the ATM-111 gene (G>A) may be a risk factor for breast cancer and lung cancer, especially among nonsmokers, within the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Huang
- 1 The First Clinical Medicine College, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhao Zhang
- 2 Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zeng
- 2 Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, People's Republic of China .,3 School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical University , Dongguan, People's Republic of China
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38
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Arpin downregulation in breast cancer is associated with poor prognosis. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:545-53. [PMID: 26867158 PMCID: PMC4782208 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Arp2/3 complex is required for cell migration and invasion. The Arp2/3 complex and its activators, such as the WAVE complex, are deregulated in diverse cancers. Here we investigate the expression of Arpin, the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein that antagonises the WAVE complex. Methods: We used qRT–PCR and reverse phase protein arrays in a patient cohort with known clinical parameters and outcome, immunofluorescence in breast biopsy cryosections and breast cancer cell lines. Results: Arpin was downregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in mammary carcinoma cells. Arpin mRNA downregulation was associated with poor metastasis-free survival (MFS) on univariate analysis (P=0.022). High expression of the NCKAP1 gene that encodes a WAVE complex subunit was also associated with poor MFS on univariate analysis (P=0.0037) and was mutually exclusive with Arpin low. Arpin low or NCKAP1 high was an independent prognosis factor on multivariate analysis (P=0.0012) and was strongly associated with poor MFS (P=0.000064). Conclusions: Loss of the Arp2/3 inhibitory protein Arpin produces a similar poor outcome in breast cancer as high expression of the NCKAP1 subunit of the Arp2/3 activatory WAVE complex.
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Soh KT, Tario JD, Colligan S, Maguire O, Pan D, Minderman H, Wallace PK. Simultaneous, Single-Cell Measurement of Messenger RNA, Cell Surface Proteins, and Intracellular Proteins. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CYTOMETRY 2016; 75:7.45.1-7.45.33. [PMID: 26742656 PMCID: PMC5556691 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy0745s75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid content can be quantified by flow cytometry through the use of intercalating compounds; however, measuring the presence of specific sequences has hitherto been difficult to achieve by this methodology. The primary obstacle to detecting discrete nucleic acid sequences by flow cytometry is their low quantity and the presence of high background signals, rendering the detection of hybridized fluorescent probes challenging. Amplification of nucleic acid sequences by molecular techniques such as in situ PCR have been applied to single-cell suspensions, but these approaches have not been easily adapted to conventional flow cytometry. An alternative strategy implements a Branched DNA technique, comprising target-specific probes and sequentially hybridized amplification reagents, resulting in a theoretical 8,000- to 16,000-fold increase in fluorescence signal amplification. The Branched DNA technique allows for the quantification of native and unmanipulated mRNA content with increased signal detection and reduced background. This procedure utilizes gentle fixation steps with low hybridization temperatures, leaving the assayed cells intact to permit their concomitant immunophenotyping. This technology has the potential to advance scientific discovery by correlating potentially small quantities of mRNA with many biological measurements at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Teong Soh
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Joseph D. Tario
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Sean Colligan
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Orla Maguire
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Dalin Pan
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Hans Minderman
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
| | - Paul K. Wallace
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Department of Flow and Image Cytometry, Elm & Carlton Street, Buffalo, New York 14263
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Michaut M, Chin SF, Majewski I, Severson TM, Bismeijer T, de Koning L, Peeters JK, Schouten PC, Rueda OM, Bosma AJ, Tarrant F, Fan Y, He B, Xue Z, Mittempergher L, Kluin RJ, Heijmans J, Snel M, Pereira B, Schlicker A, Provenzano E, Ali HR, Gaber A, O’Hurley G, Lehn S, Muris JJ, Wesseling J, Kay E, Sammut SJ, Bardwell HA, Barbet AS, Bard F, Lecerf C, O’Connor DP, Vis DJ, Benes CH, McDermott U, Garnett MJ, Simon IM, Jirström K, Dubois T, Linn SC, Gallagher WM, Wessels LF, Caldas C, Bernards R. Integration of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data identifies two biologically distinct subtypes of invasive lobular breast cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18517. [PMID: 26729235 PMCID: PMC4700448 DOI: 10.1038/srep18517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most frequently occurring histological breast cancer subtype after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), accounting for around 10% of all breast cancers. The molecular processes that drive the development of ILC are still largely unknown. We have performed a comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of a large ILC patient cohort and present here an integrated molecular portrait of ILC. Mutations in CDH1 and in the PI3K pathway are the most frequent molecular alterations in ILC. We identified two main subtypes of ILCs: (i) an immune related subtype with mRNA up-regulation of PD-L1, PD-1 and CTLA-4 and greater sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents in representative cell line models; (ii) a hormone related subtype, associated with Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and gain of chromosomes 1q and 8q and loss of chromosome 11q. Using the somatic mutation rate and eIF4B protein level, we identified three groups with different clinical outcomes, including a group with extremely good prognosis. We provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular alterations driving ILC and have explored links with therapy response. This molecular characterization may help to tailor treatment of ILC through the application of specific targeted, chemo- and/or immune-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Michaut
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suet-Feung Chin
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ian Majewski
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tesa M. Severson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho Bismeijer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leanne de Koning
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Philip C. Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar M. Rueda
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Astrid J. Bosma
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Finbarr Tarrant
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yue Fan
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Beilei He
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Zheng Xue
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenza Mittempergher
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof J.C. Kluin
- Genomic Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Heijmans
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille Snel
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Pereira
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Andreas Schlicker
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Provenzano
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR) and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hamid Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Alexander Gaber
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gillian O’Hurley
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Sophie Lehn
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jettie J.F. Muris
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine Kay
- Department of Pathology, RCSI ERC, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen John Sammut
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Helen A. Bardwell
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Aurélie S. Barbet
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Floriane Bard
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Caroline Lecerf
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Darran P. O’Connor
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Daniël J. Vis
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyril H. Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Ultan McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mathew J. Garnett
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Iris M. Simon
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Jirström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thierry Dubois
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Sabine C. Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - William M. Gallagher
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- OncoMark Limited, NovaUCD, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lodewyk F.A. Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMR) and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Breast Unit and Cambridge University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rene Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Agendia NV, Science Park 406, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lo PK, Wolfson B, Zhou X, Duru N, Gernapudi R, Zhou Q. Noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 15:200-21. [PMID: 26685283 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian transcriptome has recently been revealed to encompass a large number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of important regulatory roles in gene expression and other biological processes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), the best studied of the short noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), have been extensively characterized with regard to their biogenesis, function and importance in tumorigenesis. Another class of sncRNAs called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) has also gained attention recently in cancer research owing to their critical role in stem cell regulation. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) of >200 nucleotides in length have recently emerged as key regulators of developmental processes, including mammary gland development. lncRNA dysregulation has also been implicated in the development of various cancers, including breast cancer. In this review, we describe and discuss the roles of sncRNAs (including miRNAs and piRNAs) and lncRNAs in the initiation and progression of breast tumorigenesis, with a focus on outlining the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor ncRNAs. Moreover, the current and potential future applications of ncRNAs to clinical breast cancer research are also discussed, with an emphasis on ncRNA-based diagnosis, prognosis and future therapeutics.
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Prognostic Significance of Nuclear Phospho-ATM Expression in Melanoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134678. [PMID: 26275218 PMCID: PMC4537129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV radiation induced genomic instability is one of the leading causes for melanoma. Phosphorylation of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is one of the initial events that follow DNA damage. Phospho-ATM (p-ATM) plays a key role in the activation of DNA repair and several oncogenic pathways as well as in the maintenance of genomic integrity. The present study was therefore performed to understand the significance of p-ATM in melanoma progression and to correlate it with patient prognosis. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical analysis were employed to study the expression of p-ATM in melanoma patients. A total of 366 melanoma patients (230 primary melanoma and 136 metastatic melanoma) were used for the study. Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to elucidate the prognostic significance of p-ATM expression. Results revealed that both loss of, and gain in, p-ATM expression were associated with progression of melanoma from normal nevi to metastatic melanoma. Patients whose samples showed negative or strong p-ATM staining had significantly worse 5-year survival compared to patients who had weak to moderate expression. Loss of p-ATM expression was associated with relatively better 5-year survival, but the corresponding 10-year survival curve almost overlapped with that of strong p-ATM expression. p-ATM expression was found to be an independent prognostic factor for 5-year but not for 10-year patient survival. In conclusion our findings show that loss of p-ATM expression and gain-in p-ATM expression are indicators of worse melanoma patient survival.
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