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Hassan JJ, Lieske A, Dörpmund N, Klatt D, Hoffmann D, Kleppa MJ, Kustikova OS, Stahlhut M, Schwarzer A, Schambach A, Maetzig T. A Multiplex CRISPR-Screen Identifies PLA2G4A as Prognostic Marker and Druggable Target for HOXA9 and MEIS1 Dependent AML. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179411. [PMID: 34502319 PMCID: PMC8431012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
HOXA9 and MEIS1 are frequently upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including those with MLL-rearrangement. Because of their pivotal role in hemostasis, HOXA9 and MEIS1 appear non-druggable. We, thus, interrogated gene expression data of pre-leukemic (overexpressing Hoxa9) and leukemogenic (overexpressing Hoxa9 and Meis1; H9M) murine cell lines to identify cancer vulnerabilities. Through gene expression analysis and gene set enrichment analyses, we compiled a list of 15 candidates for functional validation. Using a novel lentiviral multiplexing approach, we selected and tested highly active sgRNAs to knockout candidate genes by CRISPR/Cas9, and subsequently identified a H9M cell growth dependency on the cytosolic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A). Similar results were obtained by shRNA-mediated suppression of Pla2g4a. Remarkably, pharmacologic inhibition of PLA2G4A with arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3) accelerated the loss of H9M cells in bulk cultures. Additionally, AACOCF3 treatment of H9M cells reduced colony numbers and colony sizes in methylcellulose. Moreover, AACOCF3 was highly active in human AML with MLL rearrangement, in which PLA2G4A was significantly higher expressed than in AML patients without MLL rearrangement, and is sufficient as an independent prognostic marker. Our work, thus, identifies PLA2G4A as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target for H9M-dependent AML with MLL-rearrangement.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein/genetics
- Myeloid Ecotropic Viral Integration Site 1 Protein/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Jalil Hassan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Lieske
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Dörpmund
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Denise Klatt
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Dirk Hoffmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marc-Jens Kleppa
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga S. Kustikova
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Maike Stahlhut
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Maetzig
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (J.J.H.); (A.L.); (N.D.); (D.K.); (D.H.); (M.-J.K.); (O.S.K.); (M.S.); (A.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
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2
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Peng Z, Chang Y, Fan J, Ji W, Su C. Phospholipase A2 superfamily in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 497:165-177. [PMID: 33080311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2s) comprise a superfamily that is generally divided into six subfamilies known as cytosolic PLA2s (cPLA2s), calcium-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s), secreted PLA2s (sPLA2s), lysosomal PLA2s, platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolases, and adipose specific PLA2s. Each subfamily consists of several isozymes that possess PLA2 activity. The first three PLA2 subfamilies play important roles in inflammation-related diseases and cancer. In this review, the roles of well-studied enzymes sPLA2-IIA, cPLA2α and iPLA2β in carcinogenesis and cancer development were discussed. sPLA2-IIA seems to play conflicting roles and can act as a tumor suppressor or a tumor promoter according to the cancer type, but cPLA2α and iPLA2β play protumorigenic role in most cancers. The mechanisms of PLA2-mediated signal transduction and crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment are described. Moreover, the mechanisms by which PLA2s mediate lipid reprogramming and glycerophospholipid remodeling in cancer cells are illustrated. PLA2s as the upstream regulators of the arachidonic acid cascade are generally high expressed and activated in various cancers. Therefore, they can be considered as potential pharmacological targets and biomarkers in cancer. The detailed information summarized in this review may aid in understanding the roles of PLA2s in cancer, and provide new clues for the development of novel agents and strategies for tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxiao Peng
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yanxin Chang
- Department of Biliary Tract Surgery IV, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Weidan Ji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Changqing Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital & National Center for Liver Cancer, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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3
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Schanstra JP, Luong TT, Makridakis M, Van Linthout S, Lygirou V, Latosinska A, Alesutan I, Boehme B, Schelski N, Von Lewinski D, Mullen W, Nicklin S, Delles C, Feuillet G, Denis C, Lang F, Pieske B, Bascands JL, Mischak H, Saulnier-Blache JS, Voelkl J, Vlahou A, Klein J. Systems biology identifies cytosolic PLA2 as a target in vascular calcification treatment. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125638. [PMID: 31092728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbimortality worldwide, promising new drug candidates are lacking. We compared the arterial high-resolution proteome of patients with advanced versus early-stage CVD to predict, from a library of small bioactive molecules, drug candidates able to reverse this disease signature. Of the approximately 4000 identified proteins, 100 proteins were upregulated and 52 were downregulated in advanced-stage CVD. Arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) inhibitor was predicted as the top drug able to reverse the advanced-stage CVD signature. Vascular cPLA2 expression was increased in patients with advanced-stage CVD. Treatment with AACOCF3 significantly reduced vascular calcification in a cholecalciferol-overload mouse model and inhibited osteoinductive signaling in vivo and in vitro in human aortic smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, using a systems biology approach, we have identified a potentially new compound that prevented typical vascular calcification in CVD in vivo. Apart from the clear effect of this approach in CVD, such strategy should also be able to generate novel drug candidates in other complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P Schanstra
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Trang Td Luong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Lygirou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Beate Boehme
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadeshda Schelski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - William Mullen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Guylène Feuillet
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Colette Denis
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- INSERM, U1188, Université de La Réunion, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Jean-Sebastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Julie Klein
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, INSERM, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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4
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Gowda R, Dinavahi SS, Iyer S, Banerjee S, Neves RI, Pameijer CR, Robertson. GP. Nanoliposomal delivery of cytosolic phospholipase A 2 inhibitor arachidonyl trimethyl ketone for melanoma treatment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:863-873. [PMID: 29317343 PMCID: PMC5899023 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance and toxicity are major limitations of cancer treatment and frequently occurs during melanoma therapy. Nanotechnology can decrease drug resistance by improving drug delivery, with limited toxicity. This study details the development of nanoparticles containing arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK), a cytosolic phospholipase A2 inhibitor, which can inhibit multiple key pathways responsible for the development of recurrent resistant disease. Free ATK is toxic, limiting its efficacy as a therapeutic agent. Hence, a novel nanoliposomal delivery system called NanoATK was developed, which loads 61.7% of the compound and was stable at 4oC for 12 weeks. The formulation decreased toxicity-enabling administration of higher doses, which was more effective at inhibiting melanoma cell growth compared to free-ATK. Mechanistically, NanoATK decreased cellular proliferation and triggered apoptosis to inhibit melanoma xenograft tumor growth without affecting animal weight. Functionally, it inhibited the cPLA2, AKT, and STAT3 pathways. Our results suggest the successful preclinical development of a unique nanoliposomal formulation containing ATK for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Gowda
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Saketh S. Dinavahi
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Shubhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Rogerio I. Neves
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Colette R. Pameijer
- Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Gavin P. Robertson.
- Department of Pharmacology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Pathology The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Dermatology and The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Department of Surgery The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,The Penn State Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Penn State Melanoma Therapeutics Program The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033,Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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5
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Dubinin MV, Astashev ME, Penkov NV, Gudkov SV, Dyachenko IA, Samartsev VN, Belosludtsev KN. Effects of Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors on Bilayer Lipid Membranes. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:339-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Ong WY, Farooqui T, Kokotos G, Farooqui AA. Synthetic and natural inhibitors of phospholipases A2: their importance for understanding and treatment of neurological disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:814-31. [PMID: 25891385 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze membrane phospholipids into arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. Arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes), and lysophospholipids are converted to platelet-activating factors. These lipid mediators play critical roles in the initiation, maintenance, and modulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Neurological disorders including excitotoxicity; traumatic nerve and brain injury; cerebral ischemia; Alzheimer's disease; Parkinson's disease; multiple sclerosis; experimental allergic encephalitis; pain; depression; bipolar disorder; schizophrenia; and autism are characterized by oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, alterations in phospholipid metabolism, accumulation of lipid peroxides, and increased activities of brain phospholipase A2 isoforms. Several old and new synthetic inhibitors of PLA2, including fatty acid trifluoromethyl ketones; methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate; bromoenol lactone; indole-based inhibitors; pyrrolidine-based inhibitors; amide inhibitors, 2-oxoamides; 1,3-disubstituted propan-2-ones and polyfluoroalkyl ketones as well as phytochemical based PLA2 inhibitors including curcumin, Ginkgo biloba and Centella asiatica extracts have been discovered and used for the treatment of neurological disorders in cell culture and animal model systems. The purpose of this review is to summarize information on selective and potent synthetic inhibitors of PLA2 as well as several PLA2 inhibitors from plants, for treatment of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Ong
- Department
of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Tahira Farooqui
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis,
Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Akhlaq A. Farooqui
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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7
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Khan M, Shunmugavel A, Dhammu TS, Matsuda F, Singh AK, Singh I. Oral administration of cytosolic PLA2 inhibitor arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone ameliorates cauda equina compression injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:94. [PMID: 25971887 PMCID: PMC4436116 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-derived proinflammatory lipid mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotrienes B4 (LTB4), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and free fatty acids (FFA) are implicated in spinal cord injury (SCI) pathologies. Reducing the levels of these injurious bioactive lipid mediators is reported to ameliorate SCI. However, the specific role of the group IVA isoform of PLA2 cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) in lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) due to cauda equina compression (CEC) injury is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of cPLA2 in a rat model of CEC using a non-toxic cPLA2-preferential inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (ATK). METHODS LSS was induced in adult female rats by CEC procedure using silicone blocks within the epidural spaces of L4 to L6 vertebrae. cPLA2 inhibitor ATK (7.5 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage at 2 h following the CEC. cPLA2-derived injurious lipid mediators and the expression/activity of cPLA2, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were assessed. ATK-treated (CEC + ATK) were compared with vehicle-treated (CEC + VEH) animals in terms of myelin levels, pain threshold, and motor function. RESULTS ATK treatment of CEC animals reduced the phosphorylation of cPLA2 (pcPLA2) determined by Western blot, improved locomotor function evaluated by rotarod task, and reduced pain threshold evaluated by mechanical hyperalgesia method. Levels of FFA and LPC, along with PGE2 and LTB4, were reduced in CEC + ATK compared with CEC + VEH group. However, ATK treatment reduced neither the activity/expression of 5-LOX nor the expression of COX-2 in CEC + VEH animals. Increased cPLA2 activity in the spinal cord from CEC + VEH animals correlated well with decreased spinal cord as well as cauda equina fiber myelin levels, which were restored after ATK treatment. CONCLUSION The data indicate that cPLA2 activity plays a significant role in tissue injury and pain after LSS. Reducing the levels of proinflammatory and tissue damaging eicosanoids and the deleterious lipid mediator LPC shows therapeutic potential. ATK inhibits cPLA2 activity, thereby decreasing the levels of injurious lipid mediators, reducing pain, improving functional deficits, and conferring protection against LSS injury. Thus, it shows potential for preclinical evaluation in LSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | | | - Tajinder S Dhammu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Fumiyo Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,School of Health Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Avtar K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. .,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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8
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Bautista-Pérez R, del Valle-Mondragón L, Cano-Martínez A, Pérez-Méndez O, Escalante B, Franco M. Involvement of neutral sphingomyelinase in the angiotensin II signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1178-87. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00079.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that angiotensin II (ANG II) exerts its effects through the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) has not been tested in kidneys. The results of the present study provide evidence for the activity and expression of nSMase in rat kidneys. In isolated perfused rat kidney, ANG II-induced renal vasoconstriction was inhibited by GW4869, an inhibitor of nSMase. We used nSMase for investigating the signal transduction downstream of ceramide. nSMase constricted the renal vasculature. An inhibitor of ceramidase (CDase), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), enhanced either ANG II- or nSMase-induced renal vasoconstriction. To demonstrate the interaction between the nSMase and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signal transduction pathways, we evaluated the response to nSMase in the presence and absence of inhibitors of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism: arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF3), an inhibitor of cPLA2; 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), an inhibitor of all AA pathways; indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX); furegrelate, a thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-synthase inhibitor; and SQ29548 , a TxA2-receptor antagonist. In these experiments, the nSMase-induced renal vasoconstriction decreased. ANG II or nSMase was associated with an increase in the release of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in the renal perfusate of isolated perfused rat kidney. In addition, the coexpression of the ceramide with cPLA2, was found in the smooth muscle layer of intrarenal vessels. Our results suggest that ANG II stimulates ceramide formation via the activation of nSMase; thus ceramide may indirectly regulate vasoactive processes that modulate the activity of cPLA2 and the release of TxA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch., Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch., Mexico City, Mexico; and
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch., Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Martha Franco
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología I. Ch., Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Mangum LC, Borazjani A, Stokes JV, Matthews AT, Lee JH, Chambers JE, Ross MK. Organochlorine insecticides induce NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species in human monocytic cells via phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:570-84. [PMID: 25633958 DOI: 10.1021/tx500323h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bioaccumulative organohalogen chemicals, such as organochlorine (OC) insecticides, have been increasingly associated with disease etiology; however, the mechanistic link between chemical exposure and diseases, such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes, is complex and poorly defined. Systemic oxidative stress stemming from OC exposure might play a vital role in the development of these pathologies. Monocytes are important surveillance cells of the innate immune system that respond to extracellular signals possessing danger-associated molecular patterns by synthesizing oxyradicals, such as superoxide, for the purpose of combating infectious pathogens. We hypothesized that OC chemicals can be toxic to monocytes because of an inappropriate elevation in superoxide-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) capable of causing cellular oxidative damage. Reactive oxyradicals are generated in monocytes in large part by NADPH oxidase (Nox). The present study was conducted to examine the ability of two chlorinated cyclodiene compounds, trans-nonachlor and dieldrin, as well as p,p'-DDE, a chlorinated alicyclic metabolite of DDT, to stimulate Nox activity in a human monocytic cell line and to elucidate the mechanisms for this activation. Human THP-1 monocytes treated with either trans-nonachlor or dieldrin (0.1-10 μM in the culture medium) exhibited elevated levels of intracellular ROS, as evidenced by complementary methods, including flow cytometry analysis using the probe DCFH-DA and hydroethidine-based fluorometric and UPLC-MS assays. In addition, the induced reactive oxygen flux caused by trans-nonachlor was also observed in two other cell lines, murine J774 macrophages and human HL-60 cells. The central role of Nox in OC-mediated oxidative stress was demonstrated by the attenuated superoxide production in OC-exposed monocytes treated with the Nox inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium and VAS-2870. Moreover, monocytes challenged with OCs exhibited increased phospho-p47(phox) levels and enhanced p47(phox) membrane localization compared to that in vehicle-treated cells. p47(phox) is a cytosolic regulatory subunit of Nox, and its phosphorylation and translocation to the NOX2 catalytic subunit in membranes is a requisite step for Nox assembly and activation. Dieldrin and trans-nonachlor treatments of monocytes also resulted in marked increases in arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoid production, which could be abrogated by the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor arachidonoyltrifluoromethyl ketone (ATK) but not by calcium-independent PLA2 inhibitor bromoenol lactone. This suggested that cytosolic PLA2 plays a crucial role in the induction of Nox activity by increasing the intracellular pool of AA that activates protein kinase C, which phosphorylates p47(phox). In addition, ATK also blocked OC-induced p47(phox) serine phosphorylation and attenuated ROS levels, which further supports the notion that the AA pool liberated by cytosolic PLA2 is responsible for Nox activation. Together, the results suggest that trans-nonachlor and dieldrin are capable of increasing intracellular superoxide levels via a Nox-dependent mechanism that relies on elevated intracellular AA levels. These findings are significant because chronic activation of monocytes by environmental toxicants might contribute to pathogenic oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Mangum
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Abdolsamad Borazjani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - John V Stokes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Anberitha T Matthews
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Janice E Chambers
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Matthew K Ross
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
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Jackson ECG, Ortar G, McNicol A. The Effects of an Inhibitor of Diglyceride Lipase on Collagen-Induced Platelet Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:582-8. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Phospholipases of mineralization competent cells and matrix vesicles: roles in physiological and pathological mineralizations. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5036-129. [PMID: 23455471 PMCID: PMC3634480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to systematically and critically analyze the current knowledge on phospholipases and their role in physiological and pathological mineralization undertaken by mineralization competent cells. Cellular lipid metabolism plays an important role in biological mineralization. The physiological mechanisms of mineralization are likely to take place in tissues other than in bones and teeth under specific pathological conditions. For instance, vascular calcification in arteries of patients with renal failure, diabetes mellitus or atherosclerosis recapitulates the mechanisms of bone formation. Osteoporosis—a bone resorbing disease—and rheumatoid arthritis originating from the inflammation in the synovium are also affected by cellular lipid metabolism. The focus is on the lipid metabolism due to the effects of dietary lipids on bone health. These and other phenomena indicate that phospholipases may participate in bone remodelling as evidenced by their expression in smooth muscle cells, in bone forming osteoblasts, chondrocytes and in bone resorbing osteoclasts. Among various enzymes involved, phospholipases A1 or A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, autotaxin and sphingomyelinase are engaged in membrane lipid remodelling during early stages of mineralization and cell maturation in mineralization-competent cells. Numerous experimental evidences suggested that phospholipases exert their action at various stages of mineralization by affecting intracellular signaling and cell differentiation. The lipid metabolites—such as arachidonic acid, lysophospholipids, and sphingosine-1-phosphate are involved in cell signaling and inflammation reactions. Phospholipases are also important members of the cellular machinery engaged in matrix vesicle (MV) biogenesis and exocytosis. They may favour mineral formation inside MVs, may catalyse MV membrane breakdown necessary for the release of mineral deposits into extracellular matrix (ECM), or participate in hydrolysis of ECM. The biological functions of phospholipases are discussed from the perspective of animal and cellular knockout models, as well as disease implications, development of potent inhibitors and therapeutic interventions.
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Astrocyte inositol triphosphate receptor type 2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha regulate arteriole responses in mouse neocortical brain slices. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42194. [PMID: 22876307 PMCID: PMC3410924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional hyperemia of the cerebral vascular system matches regional blood flow to the metabolic demands of the brain. One current model of neurovascular control holds that glutamate released by neurons activates group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) on astrocytes, resulting in the production of diffusible messengers that act to regulate smooth muscle cells surrounding cerebral arterioles. The acute mouse brain slice is an experimental system in which changes in arteriole diameter can precisely measured with light microscopy. Stimulation of the brain slice triggers specific cellular responses that can be correlated to changes in arteriole diameter. Here we used inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP(3)R2) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) alpha (cPLA(2)α) deficient mice to determine if astrocyte mGluR activation coupled to IP(3)R2-mediated Ca(2+) release and subsequent cPLA(2)α activation is required for arteriole regulation. We measured changes in astrocyte cytosolic free Ca(2+) and arteriole diameters in response to mGluR agonist or electrical field stimulation in acute neocortical mouse brain slices maintained in 95% or 20% O(2). Astrocyte Ca(2+) and arteriole responses to mGluR activation were absent in IP(3)R2(-/-) slices. Astrocyte Ca(2+) responses to mGluR activation were unchanged by deletion of cPLA(2)α but arteriole responses to either mGluR agonist or electrical stimulation were ablated. The valence of changes in arteriole diameter (dilation/constriction) was dependent upon both stimulus and O(2) concentration. Neuron-derived NO and activation of the group I mGluRs are required for responses to electrical stimulation. These findings indicate that an mGluR/IP(3)R2/cPLA(2)α signaling cascade in astrocytes is required to transduce neuronal glutamate release into arteriole responses.
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Dennis EA, Cao J, Hsu YH, Magrioti V, Kokotos G. Phospholipase A2 enzymes: physical structure, biological function, disease implication, chemical inhibition, and therapeutic intervention. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6130-85. [PMID: 21910409 PMCID: PMC3196595 DOI: 10.1021/cr200085w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Yuan-Hao Hsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0601
| | - Victoria Magrioti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - George Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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Magrioti V, Kokotos G. Phospholipase A2inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 20:1-18. [DOI: 10.1517/13543770903463905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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