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Viero A, Biehler-Gomez L, Messina C, Cappella A, Giannoukos K, Viel G, Tagliaro F, Cattaneo C. Utility of micro-CT for dating post-cranial fractures of known post-traumatic ages through 3D measurements of the trabecular inner morphology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10543. [PMID: 35732857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fracture dating is an issue at the forefront of forensic sciences. While dating fracture is crucial to understanding and verifying the chronology of events in cases of abuse and violent death, its application is the subject of considerable discussion in the scientific community, filled with limitations and difficulties. Current methods for fracture dating are mainly based on a qualitative assessment through macroscopy, microscopy, and imaging and subject to variations depending on the experience of the observer. In this paper, we investigated the potential of quantifiable micro-CT analysis for fracture dating. Five histomorphometric parameters commonly used for the study of the 3D bone trabecular microarchitecture with micro-CT were calculated based on nine fractures of known post-traumatic ages, including the degree of anisotropy, connectivity density, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation. As a result, trends in the evolution of the microarchitecture of the bone relative to age of the callus could be identified, in particular concerning anisotropy, trabecular separation and connectivity density, consistent with the healing bone process. The findings obtained in this pilot study encourage further research in quantifiable parameters of the bone microarchitecture as they could represent useful features for the construction of objective models for fracture dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Viero
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucie Biehler-Gomez
- Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Messina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratorio Di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Giannoukos
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.P.A., SYRMEP Group, AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Guido Viel
- Legal Medicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense (LABANOF), Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 37, 20133, Milan, Italy
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2
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A Novel Capacitive Measurement Device for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bone Fracture Healing. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196694. [PMID: 34641013 PMCID: PMC8512850 DOI: 10.3390/s21196694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The healing process of surgically-stabilised long bone fractures depends on two main factors: (a) the assessment of implant stability, and (b) the knowledge of bone callus stiffness. Currently, X-rays are the main diagnostic tool used for the assessment of bone fractures. However, they are considered unsafe, and the interpretation of the clinical results is highly subjective, depending on the clinician’s experience. Hence, there is the need for objective, non-invasive and repeatable methods to allow a longitudinal assessment of implant stability and bone callus stiffness. In this work, we propose a compact and scalable system, based on capacitive sensor technology, able to measure, quantitatively, the relative pins displacements in bone fractures treated with external fixators. The measurement device proved to be easily integrable with the external fixator pins. Smart arrangements of the sensor units were exploited to discriminate relative movements of the external pins in the 3D space with a resolution of 0.5 mm and 0.5°. The proposed capacitive technology was able to detect all of the expected movements of the external pins in the 3D space, providing information on implant stability and bone callus stiffness.
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3
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Fosca M, Basoli V, Della Bella E, Russo F, Vadala G, Alini M, Rau JV, Verrier S. Raman spectroscopy in skeletal tissue disorders and tissue engineering: present and prospective. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:949-965. [PMID: 34579558 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common reason of chronic pain and disability representing worldwide an enormous socio-economic burden. In this review, new biomedical application fields for Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique related to skeletal tissues are discussed showing that it can provide a comprehensive profile of tissue composition in situ, in a rapid, label-free, and non-destructive manner. RS can be used as a tool to study tissue alterations associated to aging, pathologies, and disease treatments. The main advantage with respect to currently applied methods in clinics is its ability to provide specific information on molecular composition, which goes beyond other diagnostic tools. Being compatible with water, RS can be performed without pre-treatment on unfixed, hydrated tissue samples, without any labelling and chemical fixation used in histochemical methods. This review provides first the description of basic principles of RS as a biotechnology tool and introduces into the field of currently available RS based techniques, developed to enhance Raman signal. The main spectral processing statistical tools, fingerprint identification and available databases are mentioned. The recent literature has been analysed for such applications of RS as tendon and ligaments, cartilage, bone, and tissue engineered constructs for regenerative medicine. Several cases of proof-of-concept preclinical studies have been described. Finally, advantages, limitations, future perspectives, and challenges for translation of RS into clinical practice have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fosca
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Valentina Basoli
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Elena Della Bella
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Fabrizio Russo
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vadala
- Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, 220431, Roma, Lazio, Italy;
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
| | - Julietta V Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 204549, Roma, Lazio, Italy.,I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 68477, Moskva, Moskva, Russian Federation;
| | - Sophie Verrier
- AO Research Institute Davos, 161930, Regenerative Orthopaedics, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland;
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Schwarzenberg P, Klein K, Ferguson SJ, von Rechenberg B, Darwiche S, Dailey HL. Virtual mechanical tests out-perform morphometric measures for assessment of mechanical stability of fracture healing in vivo. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:727-738. [PMID: 32970350 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Finite element analysis with models derived from computed tomography (CT) scans is potentially powerful as a translational research tool because it can achieve what animal studies and cadaver biomechanics cannot-low-risk, noninvasive, objective assessment of outcomes in living humans who have actually experienced the injury, or treatment being studied. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of CT-based virtual mechanical testing with respect to physical biomechanical tests in a large animal model. Three different tibial osteotomy models were performed on 44 sheep. Data from 33 operated limbs and 20 intact limbs was retrospectively analyzed. Radiographic union scoring was performed on the operated limbs and physical torsional tests were performed on all limbs. Morphometric measures and finite element models were developed from CT scans and virtual torsional tests were performed to assess healing with four material assignment techniques. In correlation analysis, morphometric measures and radiographic scores were unreliable predictors of biomechanical rigidity, while the virtual torsion test results were strongly and significantly correlated with measured biomechanical test data, with high absolute agreement. Overall, the results validated the use of virtual mechanical testing as a reliable in vivo assessment of structural bone healing. This method is readily translatable to clinical evaluation for noninvasive assessment of the healing progress of fractures with minimal risk. Clinical significance: virtual mechanical testing can be used to reliably and noninvasively assess the rigidity of a healing fracture using clinical-resolution CT scans and that this measure is superior to morphometric and radiographic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schwarzenberg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karina Klein
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen J Ferguson
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salim Darwiche
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit (MSRU), Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine (CABMM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah L Dailey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Viero A, Biehler-Gomez L, Cappella A, Messina C, Montisci M, Cattaneo C. The potential of micro-CT for dating post-cranial bone fractures: a macroscopic, radiographic, and microtomography study of fractures of known post-traumatic ages. Int J Legal Med 2021; 135:1913-1921. [PMID: 33772611 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The estimation of the post-traumatic survival time (PTST) in case of bone injuries remains a tricky issue in the forensic field, especially when dealing with dry bones. Newer high-resolution imaging, and in particular microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), has the potential to significantly improve our abilities to interpret antemortem and perimortem lesions and accurately date fractures in a less destructive analysis. In this paper, nine costal fractures of known post-traumatic ages were analyzed through gross examination, conventional radiography, and microcomputed tomography, in order to test the potential of microcomputed tomography for dating fractures. As a result, microcomputed tomography provided images of high quality and definition and allowed the observation of the internal microarchitecture of the fractures and calluses. While microcomputed tomography cannot substitute histological examination for the estimation of the post-traumatic survival time, it constitutes a potent and helpful complementary tool for the analysis of bone trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Viero
- Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Forensic Medicine, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, P.le Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucie Biehler-Gomez
- LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 33, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cappella
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,U.O. Laboratorio Di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmelo Messina
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche Per La Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Montisci
- Department of Legal and Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Public Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cattaneo
- LABANOF, Laboratorio Di Antropologia E Odontologia Forense, Sezione Di Medicina Legale, Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche per La Salute, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 33, 20133, Milan, Italy
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6
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Martinez-Zelaya VR, Archilha NL, Calasans-Maia M, Farina M, Rossi AM. Trabecular architecture during the healing process of a tibial diaphysis defect. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:181-193. [PMID: 32860947 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of trabecular bone microstructure to mechanical loads has been intensively investigated. However, loading-unrelated aspects of trabecular architecture remain unclear. We used synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microtomography to study the 3D microarchitecture of newly formed trabecular tissue in a defect produced in the cortical region of the rat tibia diaphysis, in the absence (7, 14, and 21 days) or the presence (21 days) of carbonated hydroxyapatite/alginate (cHA) microspheres. This work provides the first evidence that the woven bone trabecular network, formed during the healing process, displays a well-organized 3D microarchitecture consisting of nodes with 3 (3-N), 4 (4-N) and 5 (5-N) connecting trabeculae, with a mean relative abundance of (3-N)/(4-N)/(5-N) = 66/24/7, for the analyzed periods. The measured inter-trabecular angles (ITA) distribution presented a Gaussian profile, with mean value at 115° for 3-N nodes, and 105° for 4-N nodes, close to the angles of idealized 3D regular structures (120° and 109.5°, respectively). Changes in the dispersion of ITA distribution suggested that a highly symmetric trabecular fabric organized under tensegrity principles is formed early during the bone healing process. Post-implantation, cHA disaggregated into multiple fragments (~20-400 μm), stimulating osteoconduction and bone growth toward the interior of the medullary cavity. The presence of biomaterials in bone defects affected the trabecular dimensions; however, it did not interfere with the formation of geometrical motifs with topological parameters similar to those found in the sham-defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The trabecular bone microstructure enables the tissue to meet the necessary mechanical and functional demands. However, the process of trabecular microarchitecture formation during healing, in the absence or presence of a bone graft, is not yet well understood. This work demonstrated that, from the beginning of its formation in cortical bone defects, the woven-bone trabecular network is spatially organized according to the principle of tensegrity. This microarchitecture is comprised of highly symmetric geometric motifs and is an intrinsic characteristic of trabecular growth, regardless of hierarchical scale or mechanical stimulation. The addition of a biodegradable nanostructured calcium phosphate graft did not disrupt trabecular microarchitecture; however, graft biodegradation should be controlled to optimize the reproduction of intrinsic trabecular motifs throughout the defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Martinez-Zelaya
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Zip Code 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathaly L Archilha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Zip Code 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Calasans-Maia
- Oral Surgery Department, Fluminense Federal University, Zip Code 24020-140 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Farina
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Zip Code 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Rossi
- Department of Condensed Matter, Applied Physics and Nanoscience, Brazilian Center for Research in Physics, Zip Code 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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7
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Li Y, Hoffman MD, Benoit DSW. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable tissue engineered periosteum coordinates allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120535. [PMID: 33271450 PMCID: PMC8110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite serving as the clinical "gold standard" treatment for critical size bone defects, decellularized allografts suffer from long-term failure rates of ~60% due to the absence of the periosteum. Stem and osteoprogenitor cells within the periosteum orchestrate autograft healing through host cell recruitment, which initiates the regenerative process. To emulate periosteum-mediated healing, tissue engineering approaches have been utilized with mixed outcomes. While vascularization has been widely established as critical for bone regeneration, innervation was recently identified to be spatiotemporally regulated together with vascularization and similarly indispensable to bone healing. Notwithstanding, there are no known approaches that have focused on periosteal matrix cues to coordinate host vessel and/or axon recruitment. Here, we investigated the influence of hydrogel degradation mechanism, i.e. hydrolytic or enzymatic (cell-dictated), on tissue engineered periosteum (TEP)-modified allograft healing, especially host vessel/nerve recruitment and integration. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable hydrogels supported endothelial cell migration from encapsulated spheroids whereas no migration was observed in hydrolytically degradable hydrogels in vitro, which correlated with increased neurovascularization in vivo. Specifically, ~2.45 and 1.84-fold, and ~3.48 and 2.58-fold greater vessel and nerve densities with high levels of vessel and nerve co-localization was observed using MMP degradable TEP (MMP-TEP) -modified allografts versus unmodified and hydrolytically degradable TEP (Hydro-TEP)-modified allografts, respectively, at 3 weeks post-surgery. MMP-TEP-modified allografts exhibited greater longitudinal graft-localized vascularization and endochondral ossification, along with 4-fold and 2-fold greater maximum torques versus unmodified and Hydro-TEP-modified allografts after 9 weeks, respectively, which was comparable to that of autografts. In summary, our results demonstrated that the MMP-TEP coordinated allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michael D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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8
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In vitro and in vivo investigation of osteogenic properties of self-contained phosphate-releasing injectable purine-crosslinked chitosan-hydroxyapatite constructs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11603. [PMID: 32665560 PMCID: PMC7360623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone fracture repair is a multifaceted, coordinated physiological process that requires new bone formation and resorption, eventually returning the fractured bone to its original state. Currently, a variety of different approaches are pursued to accelerate the repair of defective bones, which include the use of 'gold standard' autologous bone grafts. However, such grafts may not be readily available, and procedural complications may result in undesired outcomes. Considering the ease of use and tremendous customization potentials, synthetic materials may become a more suitable alternative of bone grafts. In this study, we examined the osteogenic potential of guanosine 5′-diphosphate-crosslinked chitosan scaffolds with the incorporation of hydroxyapatite, with or without pyrophosphatase activity, both in vitro and in vivo. First, scaffolds embedded with cells were characterized for cell morphology, viability, and attachment. The cell-laden scaffolds were found to significantly enhance proliferation for up to threefold, double alkaline phosphatase activity and osterix expression, and increase calcium phosphate deposits in vitro. Next, chitosan scaffolds were implanted at the fracture site in a mouse model of intramedullary rod-fixed tibial fracture. Our results showed increased callus formation at the fracture site with the scaffold carrying both hydroxyapatite and pyrophosphatase in comparison to the control scaffolds lacking both pyrophosphatase and hydroxyapatite, or pyrophosphatase alone. These results indicate that the pyrophosphatase-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold has a promising capacity to facilitate bone fracture healing.
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9
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Rothe R, Schulze S, Neuber C, Hauser S, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Adjuvant drug-assisted bone healing: Part I – Modulation of inflammation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:381-408. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-199102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rothe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopaedics & Traumatology (OUC), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Jo SY, Domowicz MS, Henry JG, Schwartz NB. The Role of Dot1l in Prenatal and Postnatal Murine Chondrocytes and Trabecular Bone. JBMR Plus 2019; 4:e10254. [PMID: 32083237 PMCID: PMC7017886 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are widely prevalent and have far-reaching public health implications. There is increasing evidence that epigenetics, in particular, histone 3 lysine 79 methyltransferase DOT1L, plays an important role in the cartilage and bone biology. In this study, we evaluated the role of Dot1l in the articular cartilage, growth plate, and trabecular bone utilizing conditional KO mouse models. We generated chondrocyte-specific constitutive and inducible conditional Dot1l KO mouse lines using Col2a1-Cre and Acan-CreER systems. Prenatal deletion of Dot1l in mouse chondrocytes led to perinatal mortality, accelerated ossification, and dysregulation of Col10a1 expression. Postnatal deletion of Dot1l in mouse chondrocytes resulted in trabecular bone loss decreased extracellular matrix production, and disruption of the growth plate. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of DOT1L in a progeria mouse model partially rescued the abnormal osseous phenotype. In conclusion, Dot1l is important in maintaining the growth plate, extracellular matrix production, and trabecular bone. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Jo
- Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA.,Department of Radiology University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Judith G Henry
- Department of Pediatrics University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
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11
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Histomorphometric Analysis of Callus Formation Stimulated by Axial Dynamisation in a Standardised Ovine Osteotomy Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4250940. [PMID: 30891456 PMCID: PMC6390264 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4250940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic axial dynamisation of a stabilised fracture is intended to promote callus formation and bone healing. Most studies focused on biomechanical properties or the quantity of new bone formation. Far less is known about the quality of newly formed callus tissues, such as tissue distribution and arrangement within the callus. The aim of this current study was to investigate the effect of cyclic, axial dynamisation on the quantity and quality of callus in an established delayed fracture healing model. In 41 sheep transverse osteotomies with a gap size of 3 mm were stabilised with a unilateral external fixator. In 32 of these, fracture ends were axially stimulated with displacement amplitudes of 0.8 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.2 mm, or 0.0 mm, respectively, for six weeks. In the remaining 9 sheep of the control group, an additional external fixator was mounted to achieve almost total rigidity. Animal material originating from a past animal experiment was reanalysed in this study. Histological thin-ground sections were histomorphometrically analysed regarding the histological structure and composition of the defect region. A slight tendency towards an increase in size of total callus area, area of new bone (nB.Ar), and cartilage (Cg.Ar) was detected with increasing displacement amplitudes compared to the control group. At the anterior callus side nB.Ar and Cg.Ar were significantly larger than at the posterior side in all groups independent of treatment. Regarding the quality of callus, areas of very compact bone were predominant in the treatment groups whereas in the control group a slight shift to more porous bone was observed. No difference of callus compactness was observed between the anterior and the posterior side. The established method to assess the local compactness of callus areas is a useful tool to quantitatively determine the spatial distribution of new bone tissue within the callus. The application of this method in combination with biomechanical testing might reveal interesting relations between tissue distribution and bone strength that, with traditional histomorphometry, cannot be identified.
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12
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Scheuren A, Wehrle E, Flohr F, Müller R. Bone mechanobiology in mice: toward single-cell in vivo mechanomics. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:2017-2034. [PMID: 28735414 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically driven bone (re)modeling is a multiscale process mediated through complex interactions between multiple cell types and their microenvironments. However, the underlying mechanisms of how cells respond to mechanical signals are still unclear and are at the focus of the field of bone mechanobiology. Traditionally, this complex process has been addressed by reducing the system to single scales and cell types. It is only recently that more integrative approaches have been established to study bone mechanobiology across multiple scales in which mechanical load at the organ level is related to molecular responses at the cellular level. The availability of mouse loading models and imaging techniques with improved spatial and temporal resolution has made it possible to track dynamic bone (re)modeling at the tissue and cellular level in vivo. Coupled with advanced computational models, the (re)modeling activities at the tissue scale can be associated with the mechanical microenvironment. However, methods are lacking to link the molecular responses of different cell types to their local mechanical microenvironment and bone (re)modeling activities occurring at the tissue scale. With recent improvements in "omics" technologies and single-cell molecular biology, it is now possible to sequence the complete genome and transcriptome of single cells. These technologies offer unique opportunities to comprehensively investigate the cellular transcriptional profiles within their specific microenvironment. By combining single-cell "omics" technologies with well-established tissue-scale models of bone mechanobiology, we propose a mechanomics approach to locally analyze the transcriptome of single cells with respect to their local 3D mechanical in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Scheuren
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Wehrle
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felicitas Flohr
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Casanova M, Herelle J, Thomas M, Softley R, Schindeler A, Little D, Schneider P, Müller R. Effect of combined treatment with zoledronic acid and parathyroid hormone on mouse bone callus structure and composition. Bone 2016; 92:70-78. [PMID: 27542660 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, great interest in combined treatment of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with anti-resorptive therapy has emerged. PTH has been suggested to aid bridging of atrophic fractures and improve strength in closed fracture models. Bisphosphonate treatments typically result in a larger woven bone callus that is slower to remodel. The combination of both drugs has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of osteoporotic bone loss in many preclinical studies. However, the effect of combined treatment on fracture repair is still largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to compare these drugs as single-agent and in combination in a murine closed fracture model. We wanted to assess potential differences in material properties, morphometry and in the development of the lacuno-canalicular network. A total of 40 female, 11-week-old wild type mice underwent a closed fracture on the midshaft of the tibia and were assigned to four groups (n=8-10 per group). Beginning on post-operative day 8, animals received different subcutaneous injections. Group 1 received a single injection of saline solution and Group 2 of zoledronic acid (ZA). Group 3 received daily dosing of PTH. Group 4 received a dual treatment, starting with a single dose of ZA followed by daily injection of PTH. Three weeks after fracture, all animals were euthanized and tibiae were assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), high-resolution micro-CT (HR micro-CT), Raman spectroscopy, quantitative histomorphometry, and deconvolution microscopy (DV microscopy). Combined treatment showed a significant increase of 41% in bone volume fraction and a significant decrease of 61% in the standard deviation of the trabecular spacing compared to vehicle, both known to be strong predictors of callus strength. An analysis via HR micro-CT showed similar results on all groups for lacunar numerical density, whereas mean lacuna volume was found to be higher compared to vehicle in treated groups, but only PTH mono-treatment showed a significant increase compared to vehicle (+45%). Raman spectroscopy did not reveal detectable changes in material properties of the bone calluses. Sclerostin staining, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and canalicular analysis with DV microscopy on a subset of samples did not display distinctive difference in any of the treatments. We therefore consider PTH+ZA treatment beneficial for bone healing. No clear negative effect on bone quality was detected during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Casanova
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Janelle Herelle
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marcel Thomas
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Rowan Softley
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aaron Schindeler
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - David Little
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Philipp Schneider
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, HCP H 22.1, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Hasegawa S, Kitoh H, Ohkawara B, Mishima K, Matsushita M, Masuda A, Ishiguro N, Ohno K. Tranilast stimulates endochondral ossification by upregulating SOX9 and RUNX2 promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:356-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mostafavinia A, Masteri Farahani R, Abbasian M, Vasheghani Farahani M, Fridoni M, Zandpazandi S, Ghoreishi SK, Abdollahifar MA, Pouriran R, Bayat M. Effect of Pulsed Wave Low-Level Laser Therapy on Tibial Complete Osteotomy Model of Fracture Healing With an Intramedullary Fixation. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e32076. [PMID: 26759725 PMCID: PMC4707291 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.32076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Fractures pose a major worldwide challenge to public health, causing tremendous disability for the society and families. According to recent studies, many in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown the positive effects of PW LLLT on osseous tissue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of infrared pulsed wave low-level laser therapy (PW LLLT) on the fracture healing process in a complete tibial osteotomy in a rat model, which was stabilized by an intramedullary pin. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran. We performed complete tibial osteotomies in the right tibias for the population of 15 female rats. The rats were divided randomly into three different groups: I) Control rats with untreated bone defects; II) Rats irradiated by a 0.972 J/cm2 PW LLLT; and III) Rats irradiated by a 1.5 J/cm2 PW LLLT. The right tibias were collected six weeks following the surgery and a three-point bending test was performed to gather results. Immediately after biomechanical examination, the fractured bones were prepared for histological examinations. Slides were examined using stereological method. Results: PW LLLT significantly caused an increase in maximum force (N) of biomechanical repair properties for osteotomized tibias in the first and second laser groups (30.0 ± 15.9 and 32.4 ± 13.8 respectively) compared to the control group (8.6 ± 4.5) LSD test, P = 0.019, P = 0.011 respectively). There was a significant increase in the osteoblast count of the first and second laser groups (0.53 ± 0.06, 0.41 ± 0.06 respectively) compared to control group (0.31 ± 0.04) (LSD test, P = 0001, P = 0.007 respectively). Conclusions: This study confirmed the efficacy of PW LLLT on biomechanical strength, trabecular bone volume, callus volume, and osteoblast number of repairing callus in a complete tibial osteotomy animal model at a relatively late stage of the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atarodalsadat Mostafavinia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Masteri Farahani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Abbasian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammadjavad Fridoni
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
| | - Sara Zandpazandi
- Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Bayat, Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122439976, Fax: +98-2122439976, E-mail:
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Vashghani Farahani MM, Masteri Farahani R, Mostafavinia A, Abbasian MR, Pouriran R, Noruzian M, Ghoreishi SK, Aryan A, Bayat M. Effect of Pentoxifylline Administration on an Experimental Rat Model of Femur Fracture Healing With Intramedullary Fixation. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e29513. [PMID: 26756019 PMCID: PMC4707237 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.29513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Globally, musculoskeletal injuries comprise a major public health problem that contributes to a large burden of disability and suffering. Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been originally used as a hemorheologic drug to treat intermittent claudication. Previous test tube and in vivo studies reported the beneficial effects of PTX on bony tissue. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of different dosages of PTX on biomechanical properties that occur during the late phase of the fracture healing process following a complete femoral osteotomy in a rat model. We applied intramedullary pin fixation as the treatment of choice. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted at the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We used the simple random technique to divide 35 female rats into five groups. Group 1 received intraperitoneal (i.p.) PTX (50 mg/kg, once daily) injections, starting 15 days before surgery, and group 2, group 3, and group 4 received 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg i.p. PTX injections, respectively, once daily after surgery. All animals across groups received treatment for six weeks (until sacrificed). Complete surgical transverse osteotomy was performed in the right femur of all rats. At six weeks after surgery, the femurs were subjected to a three-point bending test. Results: Daily administration of 50 mg/kg PTX (groups 1 and 2) decreased the high stress load in repairing osteotomized femurs when compared with the control group. The highest dose of PTX (200 mg/kg) significantly increased the high stress load when compared with the control group (P = 0.030), group 1 (P = 0.023), group 2 (P = 0.008), and group 3 (P = 0.010), per the LSD findings. Conclusions: Treatment with 200 mg/kg PTX accelerated fracture healing when compared with the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Masteri Farahani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ataroalsadat Mostafavinia
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbasian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Noruzian
- Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Arefe Aryan
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Bayat, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2122439976, E-mail:
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Kuroshima S, Yasutake M, Tsuiki K, Nakano T, Sawase T. Structural and Qualitative Bone Remodeling Around Repetitive Loaded Implants in Rabbits. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 17 Suppl 2:e699-710. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Munenori Yasutake
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kotaro Tsuiki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; Osaka Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
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