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Yang B, Yang Z, Liu H, Qi H. Dynamic modelling and tristability analysis of misfolded α-synuclein degraded via autophagy in Parkinson's disease. Biosystems 2023; 233:105036. [PMID: 37726073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The widely-accepted hallmark pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the presence of Lewy bodies with characteristic abnormal aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn). Growing physiological evidence suggests that there is a pivotal role for the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) in the clearance of misfolded αSyn (αSyn∗). This work establishes a mathematical model for αSyn∗ degradation through the ALP. Qualitative simulations are used to uncover the tristable behavior of αSyn∗, i.e., the lower, medium, and upper steady states, which correspond to the healthy, critical, and disease stages of PD, respectively. Time series and codimension-1 bifurcation analysis suggest that the system shows tristability dynamics. Furthermore, variations in the key parameters influence the tristable dynamic behavior, and the distribution of tristable regions is exhibited more comprehensively in codimension-2 bifurcation diagrams. In addition, robustness analysis demonstrates that tristability is a robust property of the system. These results may be valuable in therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LMIB, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoqin Yang
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LMIB, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Heng Liu
- School of Mathematical Sciences and LMIB, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Qi
- Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Mack KL, Kim H, Barbieri EM, Lin J, Braganza S, Jackrel ME, DeNizio JE, Yan X, Chuang E, Tariq A, Cupo RR, Castellano LM, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Shorter J. Tuning Hsp104 specificity to selectively detoxify α-synuclein. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3314-3332.e9. [PMID: 37625404 PMCID: PMC10530207 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Hsp104 is an AAA+ protein disaggregase that solubilizes and reactivates proteins trapped in aggregated states. We have engineered potentiated Hsp104 variants to mitigate toxic misfolding of α-synuclein, TDP-43, and FUS implicated in fatal neurodegenerative disorders. Though potent disaggregases, these enhanced Hsp104 variants lack substrate specificity and can have unfavorable off-target effects. Here, to lessen off-target effects, we engineer substrate-specific Hsp104 variants. By altering Hsp104 pore loops that engage substrate, we disambiguate Hsp104 variants that selectively suppress α-synuclein toxicity but not TDP-43 or FUS toxicity. Remarkably, α-synuclein-specific Hsp104 variants emerge that mitigate α-synuclein toxicity via distinct ATPase-dependent mechanisms involving α-synuclein disaggregation or detoxification of soluble α-synuclein conformers. Importantly, both types of α-synuclein-specific Hsp104 variant reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease more effectively than non-specific variants. We suggest that increasing the substrate specificity of enhanced disaggregases could be applied broadly to tailor therapeutics for neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrie L Mack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Edward M Barbieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - JiaBei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sylvanne Braganza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jamie E DeNizio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Edward Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amber Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan R Cupo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura M Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Waheed Z, Choudhary J, Jatala FH, Fatimah, Noor A, Zerr I, Zafar S. The Role of Tau Proteoforms in Health and Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5155-5166. [PMID: 37266762 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated binding protein in the nervous system that is known for its role in stabilizing microtubules throughout the nerve cell. It accumulates as β-sheet-rich aggregates and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to an array of different pathologies. Six splice variants of this protein, generated from the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, are expressed in the brain. Amongst these variants, 0N3R, is prominent during fetal development, while the rest, 0N4R, 1N3R, 1N4R, 2N3R, and 2N4R, are expressed in postnatal stages. Tau isoforms play their role separately or in combination with others to contribute to one or multiple neurodegenerative disorders and clinical syndromes. For instance, in Alzheimer's disease and a subset of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)-MAPT (i.e., R406W and V337M), both 3R and 4R isoforms are involved; therefore, they are called 3R/4R mix tauopathies. On the other hand, 4R isoforms are aggregated in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and a majority of FTLD-MAPT and these diseases are called 4R tauopathies. Similarly, Pick's disease has an association with 3R tau isoforms and is thereby referred to as 3R tauopathy. Unlike 3R isoforms, the 4R variants have a faster rate of aggregation that accelerates the associated neurodegenerative mechanisms. Moreover, post-translational modifications of each isoform occur at a different rate and dictate their physiological and pathological attributes. The smallest tau isoform (0N3R) is highly phosphorylated in the fetal brain but does not lead to the generation of aggregates. On the other hand, proteoforms in the adult human brain undergo aggregation upon their phosphorylation and glycation. Expanding on this knowledge, this article aims to review the physiological and pathological roles of tau isoforms and their underlying mechanisms that result in neurological deficits. Physiological and pathological relevance of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT): Tau exists as six splice variants in the brain, each differing with respect to expression, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and aggregation kinetics. Physiologically, they are involved in the stabilization of microtubules that form the molecular highways for axonal transport. However, an imbalance in their expression and the associated PTMs leads to a disruption in their physiological function through the formation of neurofibrillary tangles that accumulate in various regions of the brain and contribute to several types of tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuha Waheed
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Jawaria Choudhary
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Faria Hasan Jatala
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fatimah
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aneeqa Noor
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Inga Zerr
- Clinical Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Saima Zafar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, Sector H-12, Islamabad, 46000, Pakistan
- Clinical Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Sirati N, Shen Z, Olrichs NK, Popova B, Verhoek IC, Lagerwaard IM, Braus GH, Kaloyanova DV, Helms JB. GAPR-1 Interferes with Condensate Formation of Beclin 1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167935. [PMID: 36586462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Golgi-Associated plant Pathogenesis Related protein 1 (GAPR-1) acts as a negative regulator of autophagy by interacting with Beclin 1 at Golgi membranes in mammalian cells. The molecular mechanism of this interaction is largely unknown. We recently showed that human GAPR-1 (hGAPR-1) has amyloidogenic properties resulting in the formation of protein condensates upon overexpression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we show that human Beclin 1 (hBeclin 1) has several predicted amyloidogenic regions and that overexpression of hBeclin 1-mCherry in yeast also results in the formation of fluorescent protein condensates. Surprisingly, co-expression of hGAPR-1-GFP and hBeclin 1-mCherry results in a strong reduction of hBeclin 1 condensates. Mutations of the known interaction site on the hGAPR-1 and hBeclin 1 surface abolished the effect on condensate formation during co-expression without affecting the condensate formation properties of the individual proteins. Similarly, a hBeclin 1-derived B18 peptide that is known to bind hGAPR-1 and to interfere with the interaction between hGAPR-1 and hBeclin 1, abolished the reduction of hBeclin 1 condensates by co-expression of hGAPR-1. These results indicate that the same type of protein-protein interactions interfere with condensate formation during co-expression of hGAPR-1 and hBeclin 1 as previously described for their interaction at Golgi membranes. The amyloidogenic properties of the B18 peptide were, however, important for the interaction with hGAPR-1, as mutant peptides with reduced amyloidogenic properties also showed reduced interaction with hGAPR-1 and reduced interference with hGAPR-1/hBeclin 1 condensate formation. We propose that amyloidogenic interactions take place between hGAPR-1 and hBeclin 1 prior to condensate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Sirati
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ziying Shen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick K Olrichs
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iris C Verhoek
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse M Lagerwaard
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dora V Kaloyanova
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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5
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Yeast red pigment, protein aggregates, and amyloidoses: a review. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:211-223. [PMID: 35258715 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the amyloid level in yeast Saccharomyces, we found out that the red pigment (product of polymerization of aminoimidazole ribotide) accumulating in ade1 and ade2 mutants leads to drop of the amyloid content. We demonstrated in vitro that fibrils of several proteins grown in the presence of the red pigment stop formation at the protofibril stage and form stable aggregates due to coalescence. Also, the red pigment inhibits reactive oxygen species accumulation in cells. This observation suggests that red pigment is involved in oxidative stress response. We developed an approach to identify the proteins whose aggregation state depends on prion (amyloid) or red pigment presence. These sets of proteins overlap and in both cases involve many different chaperones. Red pigment binds amyloids and is supposed to prevent chaperone-mediated prion propagation. An original yeast-Drosophila model was offered to estimate the red pigment effect on human proteins involved in neurodegeneration. As yeast cells are a natural feed of Drosophila, we could compare the data on transgenic flies fed on red and white yeast cells. Red pigment inhibits aggregation of human Amyloid beta and α-synuclein expressed in yeast cells. In the brain of transgenic flies, the red pigment diminishes amyloid beta level and the area of neurodegeneration. An improvement in memory and viability accompanied these changes. In transgenic flies expressing human α-synuclein, the pigment leads to a decreased death rate of dopaminergic neurons and improves mobility. The obtained results demonstrate yeast red pigment potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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6
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Sangkaew A, Kojornna T, Tanahashi R, Takagi H, Yompakdee C. A novel yeast-based screening system for potential compounds that can alleviate human α-synuclein toxicity. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1409-1421. [PMID: 34448525 PMCID: PMC9291589 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to establish a yeast‐based screening system for potential compounds that can alleviate the toxicity of α‐synuclein (α‐syn), a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, either inhibition of α‐syn aggregation or promotion of ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of α‐syn. Methods and Results A powerful yeast‐based screening assay using the rsp5A401E‐mutant strain, which is hypersensitive to α‐syn aggregation, was established by two‐step gene replacement and further overexpressed the GFP‐fused α‐syn in the drug‐sensitive yeast strain with a galactose‐inducible multicopy plasmid. The rsp5A401E‐mutant strain treated with baicalein, a known α‐syn aggregation inhibitor, showed better α‐syn toxicity alleviation than the same background wild type strain as accessed by comparison on the reduction kinetics of viable dye resazurin fluorometrically (λex540/λem590 nm). The rsp5A401E‐mutant yeast‐based assay system showed high sensitivity as it could detect as low as 3.13 µmol l−1 baicalein, the concentration that lower than previously report detected by the in vitro assay. Conclusions Our yeast‐based system has been effective for screening potential compounds that can alleviate α‐syn toxicity with high sensitivity and specificity. Significance and Impact of the Study Yeast‐based assay system can be used to discover novel neuroprotective drug candidates which may be either efficiently suppress‐α‐syn aggregation or enhance ubiquitin‐dependent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyaporn Sangkaew
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Kojornna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ryoya Tanahashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Chulee Yompakdee
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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7
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Neuroserpin Inclusion Bodies in a FENIB Yeast Model. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071498. [PMID: 34361933 PMCID: PMC8305157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FENIB (familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies) is a human monogenic disease caused by point mutations in the SERPINI1 gene, characterized by the intracellular deposition of polymers of neuroserpin (NS), which leads to proteotoxicity and cell death. Despite the different cell and animal models developed thus far, the exact mechanism of cell toxicity elicited by NS polymers remains unclear. Here, we report that human wild-type NS and the polymerogenic variant G392E NS form protein aggregates mainly localized within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when expressed in the yeast S. cerevisiae. The expression of NS in yeast delayed the exit from the lag phase, suggesting that NS inclusions cause cellular stress. The cells also showed a higher resistance following mild oxidative stress treatments when compared to control cells. Furthermore, the expression of NS in a pro-apoptotic mutant strain-induced cell death during aging. Overall, these data recapitulate phenotypes observed in mammalian cells, thereby validating S. cerevisiae as a model for FENIB.
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March ZM, Sweeney K, Kim H, Yan X, Castellano LM, Jackrel ME, Lin J, Chuang E, Gomes E, Willicott CW, Michalska K, Jedrzejczak RP, Joachimiak A, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Shalem O, Shorter J. Therapeutic genetic variation revealed in diverse Hsp104 homologs. eLife 2020; 9:e57457. [PMID: 33319748 PMCID: PMC7785292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AAA+ protein disaggregase, Hsp104, increases fitness under stress by reversing stress-induced protein aggregation. Natural Hsp104 variants might exist with enhanced, selective activity against neurodegenerative disease substrates. However, natural Hsp104 variation remains largely unexplored. Here, we screened a cross-kingdom collection of Hsp104 homologs in yeast proteotoxicity models. Prokaryotic ClpG reduced TDP-43, FUS, and α-synuclein toxicity, whereas prokaryotic ClpB and hyperactive variants were ineffective. We uncovered therapeutic genetic variation among eukaryotic Hsp104 homologs that specifically antagonized TDP-43 condensation and toxicity in yeast and TDP-43 aggregation in human cells. We also uncovered distinct eukaryotic Hsp104 homologs that selectively antagonized α-synuclein condensation and toxicity in yeast and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Surprisingly, this therapeutic variation did not manifest as enhanced disaggregase activity, but rather as increased passive inhibition of aggregation of specific substrates. By exploring natural tuning of this passive Hsp104 activity, we elucidated enhanced, substrate-specific agents that counter proteotoxicity underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M March
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katelyn Sweeney
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Laura M Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - JiaBei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Edward Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Edward Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Corey W Willicott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Karolina Michalska
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Robert P Jedrzejczak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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9
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Akintade DD, Chaudhuri B. Apoptosis, Induced by Human α-Synuclein in Yeast, Can Occur Independent of Functional Mitochondria. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102203. [PMID: 33003464 PMCID: PMC7601298 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human α-synuclein expression in baker’s yeast reportedly induces mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Surprisingly, we find that, under de-repressing conditions of the inducible MET25/GAL1 promoters, yeast cells expressing chromosomally-integrated copies of the human α-synuclein gene are not killed, but spontaneously form respiration-deficient rho-minus (ρ−) petites. Although yeast cells can undergo cell death (apoptosis) from loss of mitochondrial function, they can also survive without functional mitochondria. Such cells are referred to as ρ0 or ρ− petites. This study reports that minimal expression of human α-synuclein in yeast, from MET25/GAL1 promoter, gives rise to ρ− petites. Interestingly, the full expression of α-synuclein, from the same promoters, in α-synuclein-triggered ρ− petites and also in ρ0 petites (produced by treating ρ+ cells with the mutagen ethidium bromide) initiates apoptosis. The percentages of petites increase with increasing α-synuclein gene copy-number. ρ− petites expressing α-synuclein from fully-induced MET25/GAL1 promoters exhibit increased ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and nuclear DNA fragmentation, with increasing copies of α-synuclein. Our results indicate that, for the first time in yeast, α-synuclein-triggered apoptosis can occur independently of functional mitochondria. The observation that α-synuclein naturally forms petites and that they can undergo apoptosis may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilare D. Akintade
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-07712452922
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
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10
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Callewaert G, D'hooge P, Ma TY, Del Vecchio M, Van Eyck V, Franssens V, Winderickx J. Decreased Vacuolar Ca 2+ Storage and Disrupted Vesicle Trafficking Underlie Alpha-Synuclein-Induced Ca 2+ Dysregulation in S. cerevisiae. Front Genet 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32457789 PMCID: PMC7225347 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying α-synuclein (α-syn) cytotoxicity. This is due to the high degree of conservation of cellular processes with higher eukaryotes and the fact that yeast does not endogenously express α-synuclein. In this work, we focused specifically on the interplay between α-syn and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Using temperature-sensitive SEC4 mutants and deletion strains for the vacuolar Ca2+ transporters Pmc1 and Vcx1, together with aequorin-based Ca2+ recordings, we show that overexpression of α-syn shifts the predominant temporal pattern of organellar Ca2+ release from a biphasic to a quasi-monophasic response. Fragmentation and vesiculation of vacuolar membranes in α-syn expressing cells can account for the faster release of vacuolar Ca2+. α-Syn further significantly reduced Ca2+ storage resulting in increased resting cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Overexpression of the vacuolar Ca2+ ATPase Pmc1 in wild-type cells prevented the α-syn-induced increase in resting Ca2+ and was able to restore growth. We propose that α-syn-induced disruptions in Ca2+ signaling might be an important step in initiating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tien-Yang Ma
- The Yeast Hub Lab, KU Leuven, Kortrijk, Belgium.,Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mara Del Vecchio
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
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11
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Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) has been a remarkable experimental model for the discovery of fundamental biological processes. The high degree of conservation of cellular and molecular processes between the budding yeast and higher eukaryotes has made it a valuable system for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms behind various types of devastating human pathologies. Genetic screens in yeast provided important insight into the toxic mechanisms associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins. Thus, using yeast genetics and high-throughput screens, novel molecular targets with therapeutic potential have been identified. Here, we describe a yeast screen protocol for the identification of genetic modifiers of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) toxicity, thereby accelerating the identification of novel potential targets for intervention in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Caldeira Brás
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Goettingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany.
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12
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Derf A, Sharma A, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. Aegeline, a natural product from the plant Aegle marmelos, mimics the yeast SNARE protein Sec22p in suppressing α-synuclein and Bax toxicity in yeast. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:454-460. [PMID: 30579794 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have identified yeast Sec22p (ySec22p), a SNARE protein essential for endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi trafficking, as a suppressor of Bax-induced yeast apoptosis and corroborated published observations that ySec22p suppresses α-synuclein's toxicity in yeast. It has been suggested that compounds which enhance expression, in neurons, of human homologues of ySec22p (Sec22Bp/Sec22p/Sec22A) would prevent synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease. With the aim of finding a small molecule that would mimic ySec22p, a library of natural products consisting of 394-compounds was screened using yeast cells that express either human α-synuclein or human Bax. The antioxidant aegeline, an alkaloid-amide occurring in the leaves of the plant Aegle marmelos Correa, was the only molecule that overcame apoptosis induced by both α-synuclein and Bax in yeast. Besides, aegeline also prevented growth block in cells expressing the more toxic A53T α-synuclein mutant. Restoration of cell growth occurred through inhibition of increased ROS levels, mitochondrial membrane potential loss and nuclear DNA fragmentation, characteristics of apoptosis manifested in α-synuclein or Bax-expressing cells. These results highlight the importance of yeast systems to identify rapidly molecules that may prevent the onset of apoptosis that occurs in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
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13
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Fruhmann G, Marchal C, Vignaud H, Verduyckt M, Talarek N, De Virgilio C, Winderickx J, Cullin C. The Impact of ESCRT on Aβ 1-42 Induced Membrane Lesions in a Yeast Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:406. [PMID: 30455629 PMCID: PMC6230623 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aβ metabolism plays a pivotal role in Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we used a yeast model to monitor Aβ42 toxicity when entering the secretory pathway and demonstrate that processing in, and exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is required to unleash the full Aβ42 toxic potential. Consistent with previously reported data, our data suggests that Aβ42 interacts with mitochondria, thereby enhancing formation of reactive oxygen species and eventually leading to cell demise. We used our model to search for genes that modulate this deleterious effect, either by reducing or enhancing Aβ42 toxicity, based on screening of the yeast knockout collection. This revealed a reduced Aβ42 toxicity not only in strains hampered in ER-Golgi traffic and mitochondrial functioning but also in strains lacking genes connected to the cell cycle and the DNA replication stress response. On the other hand, increased Aβ42 toxicity was observed in strains affected in the actin cytoskeleton organization, endocytosis and the formation of multivesicular bodies, including key factors of the ESCRT machinery. Since the latter was shown to be required for the repair of membrane lesions in mammalian systems, we studied this aspect in more detail in our yeast model. Our data demonstrated that Aβ42 heavily disturbed the plasma membrane integrity in a strain lacking the ESCRT-III accessory factor Bro1, a phenotype that came along with a severe growth defect and enhanced loading of lipid droplets. Thus, it appears that also in yeast ESCRT is required for membrane repair, thereby counteracting one of the deleterious effects induced by the expression of Aβ42. Combined, our studies once more validated the use of yeast as a model to investigate fundamental mechanisms underlying the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christelle Marchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Hélène Vignaud
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | | | - Nicolas Talarek
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christophe Cullin
- Institut de Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nano-objets, University of Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5248, Pessac, France
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14
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Derf A, Mudududdla R, Akintade D, Williams IS, Abdullaha M, Chaudhuri B, Bharate SB. Nonantioxidant Tetramethoxystilbene Abrogates α-Synuclein-Induced Yeast Cell Death but Not That Triggered by the Bax or βA4 Peptide. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9513-9532. [PMID: 31459084 PMCID: PMC6645319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of α-synuclein (α-syn) and its aggregation is the hallmark of Parkinson's disease. The α-syn aggregation results in the formation of Lewy bodies that causes neuronal cell death. Therefore, the small molecules that can protect neuronal cells from α-syn toxicity or inhibit the aggregation of α-syn could emerge as anti-Parkinson agents. Herein, a library of methoxy-stilbenes was screened for their ability to restore the cell growth from α-syn toxicity, using a yeast strain that stably expresses two copies of a chromosomally integrated human α-syn gene. Tetramethoxy-stilbene 4s, a nonantioxidant, was the most capable of restoring cell growth. It also rescues the more toxic cells that bear three copies of wild-type or A53T-mutant α-syn, from cell growth block. Its EC50 values for growth restoration of the 2-copy wild-type and the 3-copy mutant α-syn strains are 0.95 and 0.35 μM, respectively. Stilbene 4s mitigates mitochondrial membrane potential loss, negates ROS production, and prevents nuclear DNA-fragmentation, all hallmarks of apoptosis. However, 4s does not rescue cells from the death-inducing effects of Bax and βA4, which suggest that 4s specifically inhibits α-syn-mediated toxicity in the yeast. Our results signify that simultaneous use of multiple yeast-cell-based screens can facilitate revelation of compounds that may have the potential for further investigation as anti-Parkinson's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Derf
- Leicester
School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
- CYP
Design Ltd, Innovation Centre, 49 Oxford Street, Leicester LE1 5XY, U.K.
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of
Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Damilare Akintade
- Leicester
School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Ibidapo S. Williams
- Leicester
School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
| | - Mohd Abdullaha
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of
Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bhabatosh Chaudhuri
- Leicester
School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.
- CYP
Design Ltd, Innovation Centre, 49 Oxford Street, Leicester LE1 5XY, U.K.
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of
Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
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15
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Nevzglyadova OV, Mikhailova EV, Artemov AV, Ozerova YE, Ivanova PA, Golomidov IM, Bolshakova OI, Zenin VV, Kostyleva EI, Soidla TR, Sarantseva SV. Yeast red pigment modifies cloned human α-synuclein pathogenesis in Parkinson disease models in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Neurochem Int 2018; 120:172-181. [PMID: 30099122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified the yeast red pigment (RP), a polymer of 1-(5'-Phosphoribosyl)-5-aminoimidazole, as a novel potential anti-amyloid agent for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to further validate RP for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to clarify molecular mechanisms involved in the reduction of amyloid cytotoxicity. We investigated RP effects in vivo using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster PD models. Western blot analysis revealed reduction in the levels of insoluble α-synuclein in both models, while soluble α-synuclein decreased only in Drosophila. In both models RP significantly reduced α-synuclein cytotoxicity, as was revealed by immunohistochemistry in Drosophila (p < 0.001, n = 27 flies per genotype/assay) and by flow cytometry in yeast (p < 0.05). Data obtained from the yeast PD model suggests that RP antitoxic effects are associated with a drop in ROS accumulation, and slower cellular transition from the early to late apoptotic stage. Using Drosophila brain tissue sections, we have demonstrated that RP helps to compensate for an α-synuclein-mediated reduction in the number of dopaminergic neurons and leads to better performance in animal climbing tests (p < 0.001, n = 120-150 flies per genotype/assay). Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of RP for the treatment of PD, at least in model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Nevzglyadova
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - E V Mikhailova
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A V Artemov
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Y E Ozerova
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - P A Ivanova
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - I M Golomidov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre, "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - O I Bolshakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre, "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation
| | - V V Zenin
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - E I Kostyleva
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T R Soidla
- Institute of Cytology of RAS, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - S V Sarantseva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of National Research Centre, "Kurchatov Institute", Gatchina, Russian Federation.
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16
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Huang Y, Chen X, He X, Guo C, Sun X, Liang F, Long S, Lu X, Feng L, Guo W, Zeng Y, Pei Z. High expression levels of the D686N Parkinson's disease mutation in VPS35 induces α-synuclein-dependent toxicity in yeast. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:254-262. [PMID: 28487947 PMCID: PMC5482071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects ~2% of the human population aged >65. α-synuclein serves a role in the pathogenesis of PD as it is a primary component of Lewy bodies, a pathological feature of PD. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction may be a key factor involved in the pathophysiology of PD, and may cause PD-associated neurodegeneration via α-synuclein-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The D620N mutation in the endosomal-lysosomal gene, vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35), has been linked to PD. To clarify the underlying cellular mechanism of the VPS35 D620N mutation in PD, cell growth and endosomal-lysosomal functions were investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc) yeast cells that exhibited various expression levels of sc VPS35, in the presence or absence of non-toxic expression levels of α-synuclein. Overexpression of the sc VPS35 D686N mutation (the yeast equivalent of D620N) did not lead to toxicity in yeast. However, the co-expression of high copy numbers of sc VPS35 D686N and low copy numbers of α-synuclein caused toxicity, whereas the co-expression of sc VPS35 wild-type and α-synuclein did not. In addition, the sc VPS35 D686N mutant enhanced α-synuclein aggregation. Fragmentation of vacuoles and subsequent inhibition of lysosome function was evident in yeast cells bearing the sc VPS35 mutant. The results of the present study suggested that α-synuclein and sc VPS35 were interlinked via the endosomal-lysosome pathway, which is important for the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei He
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Caifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, P.R. China
| | - Xicui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Huiai Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510370, P.R. China
| | - Fengyin Liang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Lu
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Feng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Zeng
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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17
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Nevzglyadova OV, Artemov AV, Mikhailova EV, Lyublinskaya OG, Ozerova YE, Ivanova PA, Kostyleva EI, Soidla TR. The effect of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae red pigment on the expression of cloned human α-synuclein. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x16040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Kleinknecht A, Popova B, Lázaro DF, Pinho R, Valerius O, Outeiro TF, Braus GH. C-Terminal Tyrosine Residue Modifications Modulate the Protective Phosphorylation of Serine 129 of α-Synuclein in a Yeast Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006098. [PMID: 27341336 PMCID: PMC4920419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson´s disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bodies that are mainly composed of α-synuclein (αSyn). Elevated levels of oxidative or nitrative stresses have been implicated in αSyn related toxicity. Phosphorylation of αSyn on serine 129 (S129) modulates autophagic clearance of inclusions and is prominently found in Lewy bodies. The neighboring tyrosine residues Y125, Y133 and Y136 are phosphorylation and nitration sites. Using a yeast model of PD, we found that Y133 is required for protective S129 phosphorylation and for S129-independent proteasome clearance. αSyn can be nitrated and form stable covalent dimers originating from covalent crosslinking of two tyrosine residues. Nitrated tyrosine residues, but not di-tyrosine-crosslinked dimers, contributed to αSyn cytotoxicity and aggregation. Analysis of tyrosine residues involved in nitration and crosslinking revealed that the C-terminus, rather than the N-terminus of αSyn, is modified by nitration and di-tyrosine formation. The nitration level of wild-type αSyn was higher compared to that of A30P mutant that is non-toxic in yeast. A30P formed more dimers than wild-type αSyn, suggesting that dimer formation represents a cellular detoxification pathway in yeast. Deletion of the yeast flavohemoglobin gene YHB1 resulted in an increase of cellular nitrative stress and cytotoxicity leading to enhanced aggregation of A30P αSyn. Yhb1 protected yeast from A30P-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and peroxynitrite-induced nitrative stress. Strikingly, overexpression of neuroglobin, the human homolog of YHB1, protected against αSyn inclusion formation in mammalian cells. In total, our data suggest that C-terminal Y133 plays a major role in αSyn aggregate clearance by supporting the protective S129 phosphorylation for autophagy and by promoting proteasome clearance. C-terminal tyrosine nitration increases pathogenicity and can only be partially detoxified by αSyn di-tyrosine dimers. Our findings uncover a complex interplay between S129 phosphorylation and C-terminal tyrosine modifications of αSyn that likely participates in PD pathology. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in midbrain and the presence of αSyn protein inclusions. Human αSyn mimics the disease pathology in yeast resulting in cytotoxicity and aggregate formation. αSyn is abundantly phosphorylated at serine S129 and possesses four tyrosines (Y39, Y125, Y133, and Y136) that can be posttranslationally modified by nitration or phosphorylation. The consequence of each of these possible modifications is still unclear. Nitration as consequence of oxidative stress is a hallmark for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we addressed the molecular mechanism, how tyrosine posttranslational modifications affect αSyn cytotoxicity. Tyrosine nitration can contribute to αSyn toxicity or can be part of a cellular salvage pathway when di-tyrosine-crosslinked dimers are formed. The Y133 residue, which can be either phosphorylated or nitrated, determines whether S129 is protectively phosphorylated and αSyn inclusions are cleared. This interplay with S129 phosphorylation demonstrates a dual role for C-terminal tyrosine residues. Yeast flavohemoglobin Yhb1 and its human counterpart neuroglobin NGB protect cells against cytotoxicity and aggregate formation. These novel insights into the molecular pathways responsible for αSyn cytotoxicity indicate NGB as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kleinknecht
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Diana F. Lázaro
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Raquel Pinho
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, University of Göttingen Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H. Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Caloric restriction alleviates alpha-synuclein toxicity in aged yeast cells by controlling the opposite roles of Tor1 and Sir2 on autophagy. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 161:270-276. [PMID: 27109470 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (syn) is the main component of proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies, like Parkinson's disease (PD). Aging is a major risk factor for PD and thus, interventions that delay aging will have promising effects in PD and other synucleinopathies. Caloric restriction (CR) is the only non-genetic intervention shown to promote lifespan extension in several model organisms. CR has been shown to alleviate syn toxicity and herein we confirmed the same effect on the yeast model for synucleinopathies during chronological lifespan. The data gathered showed that TOR1 deletion also results in similar longevity extension and abrogation of syn toxicity. Intriguingly, these interventions were associated with decreased autophagy, which was maintained at homeostatic levels. Autophagy maintenance at homeostatic levels promoted by CR or TOR1 abrogation in syn-expressing cells was achieved by decreasing Sir2 levels and activity. Furthermore, the opposite function of Tor1 and Sir2 in autophagy is probably associated with the maintenance of autophagy activity at homeostatic levels, a central event linked to abrogation of syn toxicity promoted by CR.
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20
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Jones NK, Arab NT, Eid R, Gharib N, Sheibani S, Vali H, Khoury C, Murray A, Boucher E, Mandato CA, Young PG, Greenwood MT. Human Thyroid Cancer-1 (TC-1) is a vertebrate specific oncogenic protein that protects against copper and pro-apoptotic genes in yeast. MICROBIAL CELL 2015; 2:247-255. [PMID: 28357300 PMCID: PMC5349172 DOI: 10.15698/mic2015.07.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The human Thyroid Cancer-1 (hTC-1) protein, also known as C8orf4 was initially identified as a gene that was up-regulated in human thyroid cancer. Here we show that hTC-1 is a peptide that prevents the effects of over-expressing Bax in yeast. Analysis of the 106 residues of hTC-1 in available protein databases revealed direct orthologues in jawed-vertebrates, including mammals, frogs, fish and sharks. No TC-1 orthologue was detected in lower organisms, including yeast. Here we show that TC-1 is a general pro-survival peptide since it prevents the growth- and cell death-inducing effects of copper in yeast. Human TC-1 also prevented the deleterious effects that occur due to the over-expression of a number of key pro-apoptotic peptides, including YCA1, YBH3, NUC1, and AIF1. Even though the protective effects were more pronounced with the over-expression of YBH3 and YCA1, hTC-1 could still protect yeast mutants lacking YBH3 and YCA1 from the effects of copper sulfate. This suggests that the protective effects of TC-1 are not limited to specific pathways or processes. Taken together, our results indicate that hTC-1 is a pro-survival protein that retains its function when heterologously expressed in yeast. Thus yeast is a useful model to characterize the potential roles in cell death and survival of cancer related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Present address: Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nagla T Arab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Eid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Gharib
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Present address: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Sheibani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ; Present address: Defence Research and Development Canada, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chamel Khoury
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alistair Murray
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Boucher
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Craig A Mandato
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Paul G Young
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael T Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Popova B, Kleinknecht A, Braus GH. Posttranslational Modifications and Clearing of α-Synuclein Aggregates in Yeast. Biomolecules 2015; 5:617-34. [PMID: 25915624 PMCID: PMC4496687 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents an established model system to study the molecular mechanisms associated to neurodegenerative disorders. A key-feature of Parkinson’s disease is the formation of Lewy bodies, which are cytoplasmic protein inclusions. Misfolded α-synuclein is one of their main constituents. Expression of α-synuclein protein in yeast leads to protein aggregation and cellular toxicity, which is reminiscent to Lewy body containing human cells. The molecular mechanism involved in clearance of α-synuclein aggregates is a central question for elucidating the α-synuclein-related toxicity. Cellular clearance mechanisms include ubiquitin mediated 26S proteasome function as well as lysosome/vacuole associated degradative pathways as autophagy. Various modifications change α-synuclein posttranslationally and alter its inclusion formation, cytotoxicity and the distribution to different clearance pathways. Several of these modification sites are conserved from yeast to human. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the effect of phosphorylation and sumoylation of α-synuclein to the enhanced channeling to either the autophagy or the proteasome degradation pathway in yeast model of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blagovesta Popova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Kleinknecht
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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22
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Shahpasandzadeh H, Popova B, Kleinknecht A, Fraser PE, Outeiro TF, Braus GH. Interplay between sumoylation and phosphorylation for protection against α-synuclein inclusions. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31224-40. [PMID: 25231978 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease is associated with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra. The pathological hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of intracytoplasmic inclusions known as Lewy bodies that consist mainly of post-translationally modified forms of α-synuclein. Whereas phosphorylation is one of the major modifications of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies, sumoylation has recently been described. The interplay between α-synuclein phosphorylation and sumoylation is poorly understood. Here, we examined the interplay between these modifications as well as their impact on cell growth and inclusion formation in yeast. We found that α-synuclein is sumoylated in vivo at the same sites in yeast as in human cells. Impaired sumoylation resulted in reduced yeast growth combined with an increased number of cells with inclusions, suggesting that this modification plays a protective role. In addition, inhibition of sumoylation prevented autophagy-mediated aggregate clearance. A defect in α-synuclein sumoylation could be suppressed by serine 129 phosphorylation by the human G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) in yeast. Phosphorylation reduced foci formation, alleviated yeast growth inhibition, and partially rescued autophagic α-synuclein degradation along with the promotion of proteasomal degradation, resulting in aggregate clearance in the absence of a small ubiquitin-like modifier. These findings suggest a complex interplay between sumoylation and phosphorylation in α-synuclein aggregate clearance, which may open new horizons for the development of therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Shahpasandzadeh
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, the Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Blagovesta Popova
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, the Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kleinknecht
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, the Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul E Fraser
- the Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada, and
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- the Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany, the Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- From the Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, the Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany,
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Park JM, Ho DH, Yun HJ, Kim HJ, Lee CH, Park SW, Kim YH, Son I, Seol W. Dexamethasone induces the expression of LRRK2 and α-synuclein, two genes that when mutated cause Parkinson's disease in an autosomal dominant manner. BMB Rep 2014; 46:454-9. [PMID: 24064060 PMCID: PMC4133879 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.9.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) has been identified as a gene corresponding to PARK8, an autosomal-dominant gene for familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). LRRK2 pathogenicspecific mutants induce neurotoxicity and shorten neurites. To elucidate the mechanism underlying LRRK2 expression, we constructed the LRRK2-promoter-luciferase reporter and used it for promoter analysis. We found that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivated LRRK2 in a ligand-dependent manner. Using quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis, we further showed that treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic GR ligand, induced LRRK2 expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels, in dopaminergic MN9D cells. Dexamethasone treatment also increased expression of α-synuclein, another PD causative gene, and enhanced transactivation of the α-synuclein promoter-luciferase reporter. In addition, dexamethasone treatment to MN9D cells weakly induced cytotoxicity based on an LDH assay. Because glucocorticoid hormones are secreted in response to stress, our data suggest that stress might be a related factor in the pathogenesis of PD. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(9): 454-459]
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Min Park
- Graduate program of Neuroscience, Inje University, Busan 614-735; InAm Neuroscience Research Center, Sanbon Hospital, Wonkwang University, Gunpo 435-040, Korea
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24
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Mammalian ribosomal and chaperone protein RPS3A counteracts α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity in a yeast model system. Biochem J 2014; 455:295-306. [PMID: 23924367 PMCID: PMC3796869 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregated forms of αSyn (α-synuclein) into Lewy bodies is a known hallmark associated with neuronal cell death in Parkinson's disease. When expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, αSyn interacts with the plasma membrane, forms inclusions and causes a concentration-dependent growth defect. We have used a yeast mutant, cog6Δ, which is particularly sensitive to moderate αSyn expression, for screening a mouse brain-specific cDNA library in order to identify mammalian proteins that counteract αSyn toxicity. The mouse ribosomal and chaperone protein RPS3A was identified as a suppressor of αSyn [WT (wild-type) and A53T] toxicity in yeast. We demonstrated that the 50 N-terminal amino acids are essential for this function. The yeast homologues of RPS3A were not effective in suppressing the αSyn-induced growth defect, illustrating the potential of our screening system to identify modifiers that would be missed using yeast gene overexpression as the first screening step. Co-expression of mouse RPS3A delayed the formation of αSyn–GFP inclusions in the yeast cells. The results of the present study suggest that the recently identified extraribosomal chaperonin function of RPS3A also acts on the neurodegeneration-related protein αSyn and reveal a new avenue for identifying promising candidate mammalian proteins involved in αSyn functioning. A yeast screening system was developed and successfully used to isolate a brain protein that counteracts the toxic effects of the main protein involved in Parkinson's disease.
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Abstract
P73 is a member of the p53 transcription factors family with a prominent role in neurobiology, affecting brain development as well as controlling neuronal survival. Accordingly, p73 has been identified as key player in many age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, neuroAIDS and Niemann-Pick type C disease. Here we investigate possible correlations of p73 with Parkinson disease. Tyrosine hydroxylase is a crucial player in Parkinson disease being the enzyme necessary for dopamine synthesis. In this work we show that levels of tyrosine hydroxylase can be influenced by p73. We also demonstrate that p73 can protect against tyrosine hydroxylase depletion in an in vitro model of Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grespi
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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Tang SY, Zhang W, Baratchi S, Nasabi M, Kalantar-zadeh K, Khoshmanesh K. Modifying Dielectrophoretic Response of Nonviable Yeast Cells by Ionic Surfactant Treatment. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6364-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400741v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yang Tang
- School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3001,
Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3001,
Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3001,
Australia
- Health Innovations
Research
Institute, RMIT University, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mahyar Nasabi
- School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, RMIT University, VIC 3001,
Australia
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Ciaccioli G, Martins A, Rodrigues C, Vieira H, Calado P. A powerful yeast model to investigate the synergistic interaction of α-synuclein and tau in neurodegeneration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55848. [PMID: 23393603 PMCID: PMC3564910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies revealed consistent overlap between synucleinopathies and tauopathies, demonstrating that α-synuclein (ASYN) and tau co-localize in neurofibrillary tangles and in Lewy bodies from Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease patients and corresponding animal models. Additionally, it has been shown that ASYN can act as an initiator of tau aggregation and phosphorylation and that these two proteins directly interact. Despite these evidences, the cellular pathway implicated in this synergistic interaction remains to be clarified. The aim of this study was to create a yeast model where the concomitant expression of ASYN and tau can be used to perform genome wide screenings for the identification of genes that modulate this interaction, in order to shed light into the pathological mechanism of cell dysfunction and to provide new targets for future therapeutic intervention. We started by validating the synergistic toxicity of tau and ASYN co-expression in yeast, by developing episomal and integrative strains expressing WT and mutant forms of both proteins, alone or in combination. The episomal strains showed no differences in growth delay upon expression of ASYN isoforms (WT or A53T) alone or in combination with tau 2N/4R isoforms (WT or P301L). However, in these strains, the presence of ASYN led to increased tau insolubility and correlated with increased tau phosphorylation in S396/404, which is mainly mediated by RIM11, the human homolog of GSK3β in yeast. On the other hand, the integrative strains showed a strong synergistic toxic effect upon co-expression of ASYN WT and tau WT, which was related to high levels of intracellular ASYN inclusions and increased tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Taken together, the strains described in the present study are able to mimic relevant pathogenic features involved in neurodegeneration and are powerful tools to identify potential target genes able to modulate the synergistic pathway driven by ASYN and tau interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmario Ciaccioli
- BIOALVO, Serviços Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Biotecnologia S.A., Edificio ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- DEIO and BIOFig Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Martins
- BIOALVO, Serviços Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Biotecnologia S.A., Edificio ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Rodrigues
- BIOALVO, Serviços Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Biotecnologia S.A., Edificio ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Vieira
- BIOALVO, Serviços Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Biotecnologia S.A., Edificio ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- DEIO and BIOFig Center, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Calado
- BIOALVO, Serviços Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Biotecnologia S.A., Edificio ICAT, Campus da FCUL, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Sampaio-Marques B, Felgueiras C, Silva A, Rodrigues M, Tenreiro S, Franssens V, Reichert AS, Outeiro TF, Winderickx J, Ludovico P. SNCA (α-synuclein)-induced toxicity in yeast cells is dependent on sirtuin 2 (Sir2)-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:1494-509. [PMID: 22914317 DOI: 10.4161/auto.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNCA (α-synuclein) misfolding and aggregation is strongly associated with both idiopathic and familial forms of Parkinson disease (PD). Evidence suggests that SNCA has an impact on cell clearance routes and protein quality control systems such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Recent advances in the key role of the autosomal recessive PARK2/PARKIN and PINK1 genes in mitophagy, highlighted this process as a prominent new pathogenic mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy/mitophagy in the pathogenesis of sporadic and autosomal dominant familial forms of PD is still enigmatic. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful "empty room" model that has been exploited to clarify different molecular aspects associated with SNCA toxicity, which combines the advantage of being an established system for aging research. The contribution of autophagy/mitophagy for the toxicity induced by the heterologous expression of the human wild-type SNCA gene and the clinical A53T mutant during yeast chronological life span (CLS) was explored. A reduced CLS together with an increase of autophagy and mitophagy activities were observed in cells expressing both forms of SNCA. Impairment of mitophagy by deletion of ATG11 or ATG32 resulted in a CLS extension, further implicating mitophagy in the SNCA toxicity. Deletion of SIR2, essential for SNCA toxicity, abolished autophagy and mitophagy, thereby rescuing cells. These data show that Sir2 functions as a regulator of autophagy, like its mammalian homolog, SIRT1, but also of mitophagy. Our work highlights that increased mitophagy activity, mediated by the regulation of ATG32 by Sir2, is an important phenomenon linked to SNCA-induced toxicity during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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D'Angelo F, Vignaud H, Di Martino J, Salin B, Devin A, Cullin C, Marchal C. A yeast model for amyloid-β aggregation exemplifies the role of membrane trafficking and PICALM in cytotoxicity. Dis Model Mech 2012; 6:206-16. [PMID: 22888099 PMCID: PMC3529352 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, associated with aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. The exact mechanism of neuronal cell dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease is poorly understood and numerous models have been used to decipher the mechanisms leading to cellular death. Yeast cells might be a good model to understand the intracellular toxicity triggered by Aβ peptides. Indeed, yeast has been used as a model to examine protein functions or cellular pathways that mediate the secretion, aggregation and subsequent toxicity of proteins associated with human neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to study the effects of intracellular Aβ in fusion with green fluorescent protein. We sent this fusion protein into the secretory pathway and showed that intracellular traffic pathways are necessary for the generation of toxic species. Yeast PICALM orthologs are involved in cellular toxicity, indicating conservation of the mechanisms of toxicity from mammals to yeast. Finally, our model demonstrates the capacity for intracellular Aβ to cross intracellular membranes and target mitochondrial organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien D'Angelo
- Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, CNRS UMR 5095, Université Bordeaux 2, Victor Segalen, 33077 Bordeaux, France
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31
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Gulati V, Wallace R. Rafts, Nanoparticles and Neural Disease. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2012; 2:217-250. [PMID: 28348305 PMCID: PMC5304588 DOI: 10.3390/nano2030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the role of membrane rafts in neural disease as a rationale for drug targeting utilizing lipid-based nanoparticles. The article begins with an overview of methodological issues involving the existence, sizes, and lifetimes of rafts, and then examines raft function in the etiologies of three major neural diseases-epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease-selected as promising candidates for raft-based therapeutics. Raft-targeting drug delivery systems involving liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles are then examined in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Gulati
- Ross University School of Medicine, Miami Beach Community Health Center, 11645 Biscayne Boulevard, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Ron Wallace
- Department of Anthropology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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Goswami AV, Samaddar M, Sinha D, Purushotham J, D'Silva P. Enhanced J-protein interaction and compromised protein stability of mtHsp70 variants lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:3317-32. [PMID: 22544056 PMCID: PMC3392108 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurological disorder commonly associated with impaired mitochondrial function in dopaminergic neurons. Although familial PD is multifactorial in nature, a recent genetic screen involving PD patients identified two mitochondrial Hsp70 variants (P509S and R126W) that are suggested in PD pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms underlying how mtHsp70 PD variants are centrally involved in PD progression is totally elusive. In this article, we provide mechanistic insights into the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with human mtHsp70 PD variants. Biochemically, the R126W variant showed severely compromised protein stability and was found highly susceptible to aggregation at physiological conditions. Strikingly, on the other hand, the P509S variant exhibits significantly enhanced interaction with J-protein cochaperones involved in folding and import machinery, thus altering the overall regulation of chaperone-mediated folding cycle and protein homeostasis. To assess the impact of mtHsp70 PD mutations at the cellular level, we developed yeast as a model system by making analogous mutations in Ssc1 ortholog. Interestingly, PD mutations in yeast (R103W and P486S) exhibit multiple in vivo phenotypes, which are associated with 'mitochondrial dysfunction', including compromised growth, impairment in protein translocation, reduced functional mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA loss, respiratory incompetency and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. In addition to that, R103W protein is prone to aggregate in vivo due to reduced stability, whereas P486S showed enhanced interaction with J-proteins, thus remarkably recapitulating the cellular defects that are observed in human PD variants. Taken together, our findings provide evidence in favor of direct involvement of mtHsp70 as a susceptibility factor in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Farrugia G, Balzan R. Oxidative stress and programmed cell death in yeast. Front Oncol 2012; 2:64. [PMID: 22737670 PMCID: PMC3380282 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have long served as useful models for the study of oxidative stress, an event associated with cell death and severe human pathologies. This review will discuss oxidative stress in yeast, in terms of sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their molecular targets, and the metabolic responses elicited by cellular ROS accumulation. Responses of yeast to accumulated ROS include upregulation of antioxidants mediated by complex transcriptional changes, activation of pro-survival pathways such as mitophagy, and programmed cell death (PCD) which, apart from apoptosis, includes pathways such as autophagy and necrosis, a form of cell death long considered accidental and uncoordinated. The role of ROS in yeast aging will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Farrugia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
| | - Rena Balzan
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
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Clapp C, Portt L, Khoury C, Sheibani S, Eid R, Greenwood M, Vali H, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Untangling the Roles of Anti-Apoptosis in Regulating Programmed Cell Death using Humanized Yeast Cells. Front Oncol 2012; 2:59. [PMID: 22708116 PMCID: PMC3374133 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms, including apoptosis, are important for the survival of metazoans since it allows, among things, the removal of damaged cells that interfere with normal function. Cell death due to PCD is observed in normal processes such as aging and in a number of pathophysiologies including hypoxia (common causes of heart attacks and strokes) and subsequent tissue reperfusion. Conversely, the loss of normal apoptotic responses is associated with the development of tumors. So far, limited success in preventing unwanted PCD has been reported with current therapeutic approaches despite the fact that inhibitors of key apoptotic inducers such as caspases have been developed. Alternative approaches have focused on mimicking anti-apoptotic processes observed in cells displaying increased resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Hormesis and pre-conditioning are commonly observed cellular strategies where sub-lethal levels of pro-apoptotic stimuli lead to increased resistance to higher or lethal levels of stress. Increased expression of anti-apoptotic sequences is a common mechanism mediating these protective effects. The relevance of the latter observation is exemplified by the observation that transgenic mice overexpressing anti-apoptotic genes show significant reductions in tissue damage following ischemia. Thus strategies aimed at increasing the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, using gene therapy or cell penetrating recombinant proteins are being evaluated as novel therapeutics to decrease cell death following acute periods of cell death inducing stress. In spite of its functional and therapeutic importance, more is known regarding the processes involved in apoptosis than anti-apoptosis. The genetically tractable yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has emerged as an exceptional model to study multiple aspects of PCD including the mitochondrial mediated apoptosis observed in metazoans. To increase our knowledge of the process of anti-apoptosis, we screened a human heart cDNA expression library in yeast cells undergoing PCD due to the conditional expression of a mammalian pro-apoptotic Bax cDNA. Analysis of the multiple Bax suppressors identified revealed several previously known as well as a large number of clones representing potential novel anti-apoptotic sequences. The focus of this review is to report on recent achievements in the use of humanized yeast in genetic screens to identify novel stress-induced PCD suppressors, supporting the use of yeast as a unicellular model organism to elucidate anti-apoptotic and cell survival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Clapp
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College Kingston, ON, Canada
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Aggresome formation and segregation of inclusions influence toxicity of α-synuclein and synphilin-1 in yeast. Biochem Soc Trans 2012; 39:1476-81. [PMID: 21936837 DOI: 10.1042/bst0391476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PD (Parkinson's disease) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which affects an increasing number of the elderly population worldwide. One of the major hallmarks of PD is the occurrence of intracellular protein deposits in the dying neurons, termed Lewy bodies, which contain different proteins, including aggregated α-synuclein and its interacting protein synphilin-1. During the last decade, a number of groups developed yeast models that reproduced important features of PD and allowed the deciphering of pathways underlying the cytotoxicity triggered by α-synuclein. Here, we review the recent contributions obtained with yeast models designed to study the presumed pathobiology of synphilin-1. These models pointed towards a crucial role of the sirtuin Sir2 and the chaperonin complex TRiC (TCP-1 ring complex)/CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1) in handling misfolded and aggregated proteins.
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36
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Breydo L, Wu JW, Uversky VN. Α-synuclein misfolding and Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2011; 1822:261-85. [PMID: 22024360 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence links α-synuclein, a small highly conserved presynaptic protein with unknown function, to both familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). α-Synuclein has been identified as the major component of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, the characteristic proteinaceous deposits that are the hallmarks of PD. α-Synuclein is a typical intrinsically disordered protein, but can adopt a number of different conformational states depending on conditions and cofactors. These include the helical membrane-bound form, a partially-folded state that is a key intermediate in aggregation and fibrillation, various oligomeric species, and fibrillar and amorphous aggregates. The molecular basis of PD appears to be tightly coupled to the aggregation of α-synuclein and the factors that affect its conformation. This review examines the different aggregation states of α-synuclein, the molecular mechanism of its aggregation, and the influence of environmental and genetic factors on this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Breydo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Using yeast models to probe the molecular basis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:1482-7. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0391482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease attributable to the death of motor neurons. Associated with ALS are mutations in the genes encoding SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), FUS (fused in Sarcoma) protein and TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein-43) each of which leads to aggregation of the respective protein. For example, the ALS-associated mutations in the hSOD1 (human SOD1) gene typically destabilize the native SOD homodimer, leading to misfolding, aggregation and degradation of SOD1. The ALS-associated pathology is not a consequence of the functional inactivation of SOD1 itself, but is rather due to a toxic gain-of-function triggered by mutant SOD1. Recently, the molecular basis of a number of human neurodegenerative diseases resulting from protein misfolding and aggregation, including fALS (familial ALS), was probed by using the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a highly tractable model. Such studies have, for example, identified novel mutant SOD1-specific interactions and demonstrated that mutant SOD1 disrupts mitochondrial homoeostasis. Features of ALS associated with TDP-43 aggregation have also been recapitulated in S. cerevisiae including the identification of modulators of the toxicity of TDP-43. In this paper, we review recent studies of ALS pathogenesis using S. cerevisiae as a model organism and summarize the potential mechanisms involved in ALS progression.
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Vogel C, Silva GM, Marcotte EM. Protein expression regulation under oxidative stress. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M111.009217. [PMID: 21933953 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to affect both translation and protein turnover, but very few large scale studies describe protein expression under stress. We measure protein concentrations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae over the course of 2 h in response to a mild oxidative stress induced by diamide, providing detailed time-resolved information for 815 proteins, with additional data for another ~1,100 proteins. For the majority of proteins, we discover major differences between the global transcript and protein response. Although mRNA levels often return to baseline 1 h after treatment, protein concentrations continue to change. Integrating our data with features of translation and protein degradation, we are able to predict expression patterns for 41% of the proteins in the core data set. Predictive features include, among others, targeting by RNA-binding proteins (Lhp1 and Khd1), RNA secondary structures, RNA half-life, and translation efficiency under unperturbed conditions and in response to oxidative reagents, but not chaperone binding. We are able to both describe general dynamics of protein concentration changes and suggest possible regulatory mechanisms for individual proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vogel
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Barone MC, Sykiotis GP, Bohmann D. Genetic activation of Nrf2 signaling is sufficient to ameliorate neurodegenerative phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:701-7. [PMID: 21719443 PMCID: PMC3180234 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder. Oxidative stress has been associated with the etiology of both sporadic and monogenic forms of PD. The transcription factor Nrf2, a conserved global regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, has been implicated in neuroprotection against PD pathology. However, direct evidence that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway is sufficient to confer neuroprotection in genetic models of PD is lacking. Expression of the PD-linked gene encoding α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in decreased locomotor activity and selective neuron loss in a progressive age-dependent manner, providing a genetically accessible model of PD. Here we show that upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway by overexpressing Nrf2 or its DNA-binding dimerization partner, Maf-S, restores the locomotor activity of α-synuclein-expressing flies. Similar benefits are observed upon RNA-interference-mediated downregulation of the prime Nrf2 inhibitor, Keap1, as well as in conditions of keap1 heterozygosity. Consistently, the α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neuron loss is suppressed by Maf-S overexpression or keap1 heterozygosity. Our data validate the sustained upregulation of the Nrf2 pathway as a neuroprotective strategy against PD. This model provides a genetically accessible in vivo system in which to evaluate the potential of additional Nrf2 pathway components and regulators as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Barone
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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De Vos A, Anandhakumar J, Van den Brande J, Verduyckt M, Franssens V, Winderickx J, Swinnen E. Yeast as a model system to study tau biology. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:428970. [PMID: 21559193 PMCID: PMC3090044 DOI: 10.4061/2011/428970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphorylated and aggregated human protein tau constitutes a hallmark of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, exemplified by Alzheimer's disease. In spite of an enormous amount of research performed on tau biology, several crucial questions concerning the mechanisms of tau toxicity remain unanswered. In this paper we will highlight some of the processes involved in tau biology and pathology, focusing on tau phosphorylation and the interplay with oxidative stress. In addition, we will introduce the development of a human tau-expressing yeast model, and discuss some crucial results obtained in this model, highlighting its potential in the elucidation of cellular processes leading to tau toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann De Vos
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jayamani Anandhakumar
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jeff Van den Brande
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Mathias Verduyckt
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Erwin Swinnen
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Abstract
The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is the best-studied eukaryotic cell, at both genetic and physiological levels. As a eukaryote, yeast shares highly conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms with human cells. Thus, this simple fungus is an invaluable model to study the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in several human diseases. In the particular case of neurodegenerative disorders, yeast models have been able to recapitulate several important features of complex and devastating disorders, such as Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases. Once validated, these models have also been used to accelerate the identification of both novel therapeutic targets and compounds with therapeutic potential. Here, we review the recent contributions of this simple, but powerful model organism toward our understanding of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tenreiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
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Kalia LV, Kalia SK, Chau H, Lozano AM, Hyman BT, McLean PJ. Ubiquitinylation of α-synuclein by carboxyl terminus Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) is regulated by Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5). PLoS One 2011; 6:e14695. [PMID: 21358815 PMCID: PMC3040167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition in which abnormalities in protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, may lead to accumulation of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn). Mutations within or multiplications of the gene encoding α-syn are known to cause genetic forms of PD and polymorphisms in the gene are recently established risk factors for idiopathic PD. α-syn is a major component of Lewy bodies, the intracellular proteinaceous inclusions which are pathological hallmarks of most forms of PD. Recent evidence demonstrates that α-syn can self associate into soluble oligomeric species and implicates these α-syn oligomers in cell death. We have previously shown that carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), a co-chaperone molecule with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, may reduce the levels of toxic α-syn oligomers. Here we demonstrate that α-syn is ubiquitinylated by CHIP both in vitro and in cells. We find that the products from ubiquitinylation by CHIP include both monoubiquitinylated and polyubiquitinylated forms of α-syn. We also demonstrate that CHIP and α-syn exist within a protein complex with the co-chaperone bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5) in brain. The interaction of CHIP with BAG5 is mediated by Hsp70 which binds to the tetratricopeptide repeat domain of CHIP and the BAG domains of BAG5. The Hsp70-mediated association of BAG5 with CHIP results in inhibition of CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and subsequently reduces α-syn ubiquitinylation. Furthermore, we use a luciferase-based protein-fragment complementation assay of α-syn oligomerization to investigate regulation of α-syn oligomers by CHIP in living cells. We demonstrate that BAG5 mitigates the ability of CHIP to reduce α-syn oligomerization and that non-ubiquitinylated α-syn has an increased propensity for oligomerization. Thus, our results identify CHIP as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of α-syn and suggest a novel function for BAG5 as a modulator of CHIP E3 ubiquitin ligase activity with implications for CHIP-mediated regulation of α-syn oligomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine V Kalia
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Büttner S, Delay C, Franssens V, Bammens T, Ruli D, Zaunschirm S, de Oliveira RM, Outeiro TF, Madeo F, Buée L, Galas MC, Winderickx J. Synphilin-1 enhances α-synuclein aggregation in yeast and contributes to cellular stress and cell death in a Sir2-dependent manner. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13700. [PMID: 21060871 PMCID: PMC2965147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, containing both aggregated α-synuclein and its interaction partner, synphilin-1. While synphilin-1 is known to accelerate inclusion formation by α-synuclein in mammalian cells, its effect on cytotoxicity remains elusive. Methodology/Principal Findings We expressed wild-type synphilin-1 or its R621C mutant either alone or in combination with α-synuclein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and monitored the intracellular localization and inclusion formation of the proteins as well as the repercussions on growth, oxidative stress and cell death. We found that wild-type and mutant synphilin-1 formed inclusions and accelerated inclusion formation by α-synuclein in yeast cells, the latter being correlated to enhanced phosphorylation of serine-129. Synphilin-1 inclusions co-localized with lipid droplets and endomembranes. Consistently, we found that wild-type and mutant synphilin-1 interacts with detergent-resistant membrane domains, known as lipid rafts. The expression of synphilin-1 did not incite a marked growth defect in exponential cultures, which is likely due to the formation of aggresomes and the retrograde transport of inclusions from the daughter cells back to the mother cells. However, when the cultures approached stationary phase and during subsequent ageing of the yeast cells, both wild-type and mutant synphilin-1 reduced survival and triggered apoptotic and necrotic cell death, albeit to a different extent. Most interestingly, synphilin-1 did not trigger cytotoxicity in ageing cells lacking the sirtuin Sir2. This indicates that the expression of synphilin-1 in wild-type cells causes the deregulation of Sir2-dependent processes, such as the maintenance of the autophagic flux in response to nutrient starvation. Conclusions/Significance Our findings demonstrate that wild-type and mutant synphilin-1 are lipid raft interacting proteins that form inclusions and accelerate inclusion formation of α-synuclein when expressed in yeast. Synphilin-1 thereby induces cytotoxicity, an effect most pronounced for the wild-type protein and mediated via Sir2-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Büttner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Charlotte Delay
- Functional Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Inserm U837, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Faculté de Médecine-Pole Recherche, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Franssens
- Functional Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Tine Bammens
- Functional Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Doris Ruli
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Zaunschirm
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rita Machado de Oliveira
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Cell and Molecular Neuroscience Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luc Buée
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Inserm U837, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Faculté de Médecine-Pole Recherche, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- Alzheimer & Tauopathies, Inserm U837, Lille, France
- Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- Faculté de Médecine-Pole Recherche, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Lille, France
| | - Joris Winderickx
- Functional Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Portt L, Norman G, Clapp C, Greenwood M, Greenwood MT. Anti-apoptosis and cell survival: a review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:238-59. [PMID: 20969895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation. Alternative forms, including type II (autophagy) and type III (necrotic) represent the other major types of PCD that also serve to trigger cell death. PCD must be tightly controlled since disregulated cell death is involved in the development of a large number of different pathologies. To counter the multitude of processes that are capable of triggering death, cells have devised a large number of cellular processes that serve to prevent inappropriate or premature PCD. These cell survival strategies involve a myriad of coordinated and systematic physiological and genetic changes that serve to ward off death. Here we will discuss the different strategies that are used to prevent cell death and focus on illustrating that although anti-apoptosis and cellular survival serve to counteract PCD, they are nevertheless mechanistically distinct from the processes that regulate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Portt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Ontario, Canada
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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