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Xu C, Wu J, Ye J, Si Y, Zhang J, Wu B, Pan L, Fu J, Ren Q, Xie S, Tang B, Xiao Y, Hong T. Multiomics integration-based immunological characterizations of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma in relation to keratinization. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:439. [PMID: 38906852 PMCID: PMC11192745 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Although adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) is a tumour with low histological malignancy, there are very few therapeutic options other than surgery. ACP has high histological complexity, and the unique features of the immunological microenvironment within ACP remain elusive. Further elucidation of the tumour microenvironment is particularly important to expand our knowledge of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we performed integrative analysis of 58,081 nuclei through single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics on ACP specimens to characterize the features and intercellular network within the microenvironment. The ACP environment is highly immunosuppressive with low levels of T-cell infiltration/cytotoxicity. Moreover, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), which originate from distinct sources, highly infiltrate the microenvironment. Using spatial transcriptomic data, we observed one kind of non-microglial derived TAM that highly expressed GPNMB close to the terminally differentiated epithelial cell characterized by RHCG, and this colocalization was verified by asmFISH. We also found the positive correlation of infiltration between these two cell types in datasets with larger cohort. According to intercellular communication analysis, we report a regulatory network that could facilitate the keratinization of RHCG+ epithelial cells, eventually causing tumour progression. Our findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the ACP immune microenvironment and reveal a potential therapeutic strategy base on interfering with these two types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiye Ye
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuancheng Si
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The School of Economics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinshi Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Laisheng Pan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Fu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Quan Ren
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shenhao Xie
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yingqun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Infectious Disease Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Lundregan SL, Mäkinen H, Buer A, Holand H, Jensen H, Husby A. Infection by a helminth parasite is associated with changes in
DNA
methylation in the house sparrow. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9539. [PMCID: PMC9702581 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Lundregan
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Hannu Mäkinen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Amberly Buer
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Håkon Holand
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- Evolutionary Biology, Department of Ecology and Genetics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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3
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Rani A, Jakhmola S, Karnati S, Parmar HS, Chandra Jha H. Potential entry receptors for human γ-herpesvirus into epithelial cells: A plausible therapeutic target for viral infections. Tumour Virus Res 2021; 12:200227. [PMID: 34800753 PMCID: PMC8628264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2021.200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are ubiquitous viruses, specifically the Epstein Barr virus (EBV). EBV and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) establish their latency for a long period in B-cells and their reactivation instigates dreadful diseases from cancer to neurological modalities. The envelope glycoprotein of these viruses makes an attachment with several host receptors. For instance; glycoprotein 350/220, gp42, gHgL and gB of EBV establish an attachment with CD21, HLA-DR, Ephs, and other receptor molecules to hijack the B- and epithelial cell machinery. Ephs are reported recently as potent receptors for EBV entry into epithelial cells. Eph receptors play a role in the maintenance and control of various cellular processes including morphology, adhesion, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Alterations in the structure and expression of Eph and ephrin (Eph ligands) molecules is entangled with various pathologies including tumours and neurological complications. Along with Eph, integrins, NRP, NMHC are also key players in viral infections as they are possibly involved in viral transmission, replication and persistence. Contrarily, KSHV gH is known to interact with EphA2 and -A4 molecules, whereas in the case of EBV only EphA2 receptors are being reported to date. The ELEFN region of KSHV gH was involved in the interaction with EphA2, however, the interacting region of EBV gH is elusive. Further, the gHgL of KSHV and EBV form a complex with the EphA2 ligand-binding domain (LBD). Primarily by using gL both KSHV and EBV gHgL bind to the peripheral regions of LBD. In addition to γ-herpesviruses, several other viruses like Nipah virus, Cedar virus, Hepatitis C virus and Rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) also access the host cells via Eph receptors. Therefore, we summarise the possible roles of Eph and ephrins in virus-mediated infection and these molecules could serve as potential therapeutic targets. Crucial understanding of human γ-herpesviruses entry mechanism. Eph receptors relate to changed biomolecular profile upon EBV infection. EBV association with neurological disorders. Eph receptors could be an elegant drug for human γ-herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Rani
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Shweta Jakhmola
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Julius Maximilians University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001, MP, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India.
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Yoshida A, Kawata D, Shinotsuka N, Yoshida M, Yamaguchi Y, Miura M. Evidence for the involvement of caspases in establishing proper cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. Neurosci Res 2021; 170:145-153. [PMID: 33417971 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A large number of cells undergo apoptosis via caspase activation during and after neural tube closure (NTC) in mammals. Apoptosis is executed by either intrinsic or extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and inhibition of each pathway causes developmental defects around NTC stages, which hampers the physiological roles of apoptosis and caspases after NTC. We generated transgenic mice in which a broad spectrum of caspases could be suppressed in a spatiotemporal manner by pan-caspase inhibitor protein p35 originating from baculovirus. Mice with nervous system-specific expression of p35 (Nestin-Cre (NCre);p35V mice) exhibited postnatal lethality within 1 month after birth. They were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, but demonstrated severe postnatal growth retardation and hydrocephalus. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between the third and fourth ventricles was disturbed, whereas neither stenosis nor abnormality in ciliary morphology was observed in the pathway of CSF flow. Hydrocephalus and growth retardation of NCre;p35V mice were not rescued by the deletion of RIPK3, an essential factor for necroptosis which occurs in the absence of caspase-8 activation during development. The CSF of NCre;p35V mice contained a larger amount of secreted proteins than that of the controls. These findings suggest that the establishment of proper CSF dynamics requires caspase activity during brain development after NTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Yoshida
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawata
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naomi Shinotsuka
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mariko Yoshida
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology, and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Matsumoto Y, Yamaguchi Y, Hamachi M, Nonomura K, Muramatsu Y, Yoshida H, Miura M. Apoptosis is involved in maintaining the character of the midbrain and the diencephalon roof plate after neural tube closure. Dev Biol 2020; 468:101-109. [PMID: 32979334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, is massively observed in neural plate border and subsequently in the roof plate (RP). While deficiency of apoptosis often results in brain malformations including exencephaly and hydrocephalus, the impact of apoptosis on RP formation and maintenance remains unclear. Here we described that mouse embryos deficient in Apaf1, a gene crucial for the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, in C57BL/6 genetic background exhibited narrow and discontinuous expression of RP marker genes in the midline of the midbrain and the diencephalon. Instead, cells positive for the neuroectodermal gene SOX1 ectopically accumulated in the midline. A lineage-tracing experiment suggests that these ectopic SOX1-positive cells began to accumulate in the midline of apoptosis-deficient embryos after E9.5. These embryos further displayed malformation of the subcommissural organ, which has been discussed in the etiology of hydrocephalus. Thus, the apoptosis machinery prevents ectopic emergence of SOX1-positive cells in the midbrain and the diencephalon RP, and helps in maintaining the character of the RP in the diencephalon and midbrain, thereby ensuring proper brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology, and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Misato Hamachi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Nonomura
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Li S, Zhai J, Xu B, Liu J, Chu W, Wang D, Geng X, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A7 restrains estrogen negative feedback of luteinizing hormone via ephrin A5 in the hypothalamus of female rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E81-E90. [PMID: 32396496 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00046.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that systemic injection of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A7 (EPHA7)-Fc raises serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels before ovulation in female rats, indicating the induction of EPHA7 in ovulation. In this study, we aimed to identify the mechanism and hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis level underlying the promotion of LH secretion by EPHA7. Using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, in conjunction with low-dose 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment, we investigated the association between EPHA7-ephrin (EFN)A5 signaling and E2 negative feedback. Various rat models (OVX, E2-treated OVX, and abarelix treated) were injected with the recombinant EPHA7-Fc protein through the caudal vein to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the promotion of LH secretion by EPHA7. Efna5 was observed strongly expressed in the arcuate nucleus of the female rat by using RNAscope in situ hybridization. Our results indicated that E2, combined with estrogen receptor (ER)α, but not ERβ, inhibited Efna5 and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (Gnrh1) expressions in the hypothalamus. In addition, the systemic administration of EPHA7-Fc restrained the inhibition of Efna5 and Gnrh1 by E2, resulting in increased Efna5 and Gnrh1 expressions in the hypothalamus as well as increased serum LH levels. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the involvement of EPHA7-EFNA5 signaling in the regulation of LH and the E2 negative feedback pathway in the hypothalamus, highlighting the functional role of EPHA7 in female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongshuang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Geng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai, Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Kischel A, Audouard C, Fawal MA, Davy A. Ephrin-B2 paces neuronal production in the developing neocortex. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 32404061 PMCID: PMC7222552 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00215-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background During mammalian cerebral cortex development, different types of projection neurons are produced in a precise temporal order and in stereotypical numbers. The mechanisms regulating timely generation of neocortex projection neurons and ensuring production in sufficient numbers of each neuronal identity are only partially understood. Results Here, we show that ephrin-B2, a member of the Eph:ephrin cell-to-cell communication pathway, sets the neurogenic tempo in the neocortex. Indeed, conditional mutant embryos for ephrin-B2 exhibit a transient delay in neurogenesis and acute stimulation of Eph signaling by in utero injection of synthetic ephrin-B2 led to a transient increase in neuronal production. Using genetic approaches we show that ephrin-B2 acts on neural progenitors to control their differentiation in a juxtacrine manner. Unexpectedly, we observed that perinatal neuron numbers recovered following both loss and gain of ephrin-B2, highlighting the ability of neural progenitors to adapt their behavior to the state of the system in order to produce stereotypical numbers of neurons. Conclusions Altogether, our data uncover a role for ephrin-B2 in embryonic neurogenesis and emphasize the plasticity of neuronal production in the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kischel
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Audouard
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad-Ali Fawal
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Alice Davy
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France.
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Zfp422 promotes skeletal muscle differentiation by regulating EphA7 to induce appropriate myoblast apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1644-1659. [PMID: 31685980 PMCID: PMC7206035 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 422 (Zfp422) is a widely expressed zinc finger protein that serves as a transcriptional factor to regulate downstream gene expression, but until now, little is known about its roles in myogenesis. We found here that Zfp422 plays a critical role in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. It highly expresses in mouse skeletal muscle during embryonic development. Specific knockout of Zfp422 in skeletal muscle impaired embryonic muscle formation. Satellite cell-specific Zfp422 deletion severely inhibited muscle regeneration. Myoblast differentiation and myotube formation were suppressed in Zfp422-deleted C2C12 cells, isolated primary myoblasts, and satellite cells. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP-Seq) revealed that Zfp422 regulated ephrin type-A receptor 7 (EphA7) expression by binding an upstream 169-bp DNA sequence, which was proved to be an enhancer of EphA7. Knocking EphA7 down in C2C12 cells or deleting Zfp422 in myoblasts will inhibit cell apoptosis which is required for myoblast differentiation. These results indicate that Zfp422 is essential for skeletal muscle differentiation and fusion, through regulating EphA7 expression to maintain proper apoptosis.
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Abstract
In spite of the high metabolic cost of cellular production, the brain contains only a fraction of the neurons generated during embryonic development. In the rodent cerebral cortex, a first wave of programmed cell death surges at embryonic stages and affects primarily progenitor cells. A second, larger wave unfolds during early postnatal development and ultimately determines the final number of cortical neurons. Programmed cell death in the developing cortex is particularly dependent on neuronal activity and unfolds in a cell-specific manner with precise temporal control. Pyramidal cells and interneurons adjust their numbers in sync, which is likely crucial for the establishment of balanced networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In contrast, several other neuronal populations are almost completely eliminated through apoptosis during the first two weeks of postnatal development, highlighting the importance of programmed cell death in sculpting the mature cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fong Kuan Wong
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; .,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; .,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Suo G, Shen F, Sun B, Song H, Xu M, Wu Y. Abnormal expression of ephrin-A5 affects brain development of congenital hypothyroidism rats. Neuroreport 2019; 29:877-882. [PMID: 29762250 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
EphA5 and its ligand ephrin-A5 interaction can trigger synaptogenesis during early hippocampus development. We have previously reported that abnormal EphA5 expression can result in synaptogenesis disorder in congenital hypothyroidism (CH) rats. To better understand its precise molecular mechanism, we further analyzed the characteristics of ephrin-A5 expression in the hippocampus of CH rats. Our study revealed that ephrin-A5 expression was downregulated by thyroid hormone deficiency in the developing hippocampus and hippocampal neurons in rats. Thyroxine treatment for hypothyroid hippocampus and triiodothyronine treatment for hypothyroid hippocampal neurons significantly improved ephrin-A5 expression but could not restore its expression to control levels. Hypothyroid hippocampal neurons in-vitro showed synaptogenesis disorder characterized by a reduction in the number and length of neurites. Furthermore, the synaptogenesis-associated molecular expressions of NMDAR-1 (NR1), PSD95 and CaMKII were all downregulated correspondingly. These results suggest that ephrin-A5 expression may be decreased in CH, and abnormal activation of ephrin-A5/EphA5 signaling affects synaptogenesis during brain development. Such findings provide an important basis for exploring the pathogenesis of CH genetically.
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11
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Li S, Zhai J, Liu J, Di F, Sun Y, Li W, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A7 triggering ovulation indicates a potential beneficial role for polycystic ovary syndrome. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:539-552. [PMID: 30292674 PMCID: PMC6197718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ovulatory dysfunction mechanisms underlying polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are not completely understood. And the roles of EPHA7 and EPHA7-regulated pathway factors in the pathogenesis of anovulation remain to be elucidated. Methods We used human granulosa cells (hGCs) of PCOS and non-PCOS patients to measure EPHA7 and other target gene expressions. We performed in vitro experiments in KGN cells to verify the molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we conducted in vivo loss- and gain-of-function studies using EPHA7 shRNA lentivirus and recombinant EPHA7-Fc protein injection to identify the ovulation effects of EPHA7. Findings EPHA7 functions as a critically positive upstream factor for the expression of ERK1/2-mediated C/EBPβ. This protein, in turn, induced the expression of KLF4 and then ADAMTS1. Moreover, decreased abundance of EPHA7 was positively correlated with that of its downstream factors in hGCs of PCOS patients. Additionally, a 1-week functional EPHA7 shRNA lentivirus in rat ovaries contributed to decreased numbers of retrieved oocytes, and a 3-week functional lentivirus led to menstrual disorders and morphological polycystic changes in rat ovaries. More importantly, we found that EPHA7 triggered ovulation in rats, and it improved polycystic ovarian changes induced by DHEA in PCOS rats. Interpretation Our findings demonstrate a new role of EPHA7 in PCOS, suggesting that EPHA7 is an effective target for the development of innovative medicines to induce ovulation. Fund National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation, Shanghai Municipal Education Commission--Gaofeng Clinical Medicine, and Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Junyu Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Fangfang Di
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Weiping Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China; National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China.
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12
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Zhao J, Cooper LT, Boyd AW, Bartlett PF. Decreased signalling of EphA4 improves functional performance and motor neuron survival in the SOD1 G93A ALS mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11393. [PMID: 30061574 PMCID: PMC6065374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an untreatable, progressive, neurodegenerative disease specifically affecting motor neurons. Recently, the tyrosine kinase receptor EphA4 was directly implicated in ALS disease progression. We report that a long-lived mutated form of the EphA4 antagonist EphA4-Fc (mutEphA4-Fc), which blocks EphA4 binding to its ligands and inhibits its function, significantly improved functional performance in SOD1G93A ALS model mice, as assessed by rotarod and hind-limb grip strength tests. Further, heterozygous motor neuron-specific EphA4 gene deletion in SOD1G93A mice promoted significant improvement in functional performance during the disease course and a delay in disease onset relative to control mice. Importantly, mice in the heterozygous deletion group showed significantly improved survival of motor neurons and architecture of endplates of neuromuscular junctions compared with control and homozygous EphA4-deletion groups. Our novel results show that EphA4 signalling directly regulates motor neuron survival and that mutEphA4-Fc is a promising therapeutic candidate to slow disease progression in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - L T Cooper
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - A W Boyd
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - P F Bartlett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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13
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Engwerda A, Frentz B, den Ouden AL, Flapper BCT, Swertz MA, Gerkes EH, Plantinga M, Dijkhuizen T, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. The phenotypic spectrum of proximal 6q deletions based on a large cohort derived from social media and literature reports. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1478-1489. [PMID: 29904178 PMCID: PMC6138703 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal 6q (6q11-q15) deletions are extremely rare and little is known about their phenotypic consequences. Since parents and caregivers now use social media to seek information on rare disorders, the Chromosome 6 Project has successfully collaborated with a Facebook group to collect data on individuals worldwide. Here we describe a cohort of 20 newly identified individuals and 25 literature cases with a proximal 6q deletion. Microarray results and phenotype data were reported directly by parents via a multilingual online questionnaire. This led to phenotype descriptions for five subregions of proximal 6q deletions; comparing the subgroups revealed that 6q11q14.1 deletions presented less severe clinical characteristics than 6q14.2q15 deletions. Gastroesophageal reflux, tracheo/laryngo/bronchomalacia, congenital heart defects, cerebral defects, seizures, and vision and respiratory problems were predominant in those with 6q14.2q15 deletions. Problems related to connective tissue (hypermobility, hernias and foot deformities) were predominantly seen in deletions including the COL12A1 gene (6q13). Congenital heart defects could be linked to deletions of MAP3K7 (6q15) or TBX18 (6q14.3). We further discuss the role of ten genes known or assumed to be related to developmental delay and/or autism (BAI3, RIMS1, KCNQ5, HTR1B, PHIP, SYNCRIP, HTR1E, ZNF292, AKIRIN2 and EPHA7). The most influential gene on the neurodevelopmental phenotype seems to be SYNCRIP (6q14.3), while deletions that include more than two of these genes led to more severe developmental delay. We demonstrate that approaching individuals via social media and collecting data directly from parents is a successful strategy, resulting in better information to counsel families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke Engwerda
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Frentz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Vanboeijen, Assen, The Netherlands
| | - A Lya den Ouden
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Boudien C T Flapper
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erica H Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Plantinga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Dijkhuizen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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15
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Worku T, Wang K, Ayers D, Wu D, Ur Rehman Z, Zhou H, Yang L. Regulatory roles of ephrinA5 and its novel signaling pathway in mouse primary granulosa cell apoptosis and proliferation. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:892-902. [PMID: 29619874 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1456297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that ephrinA5 (Efna5) has a novel role in female mouse fertility, in addition to its well-defined role as a neurogenesis factor. Nevertheless, its physiological roles in ovarian granulosa cells (GC) have not been determined. In this study, mouse GC were cultured and transfected with ephrin A5 siRNA and negative control to determine the effects of Efna5 on GC apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and related signaling pathways. To understand the mode signaling, the mRNA expression levels of Efna5 receptors (Eph receptor A5, Eph receptor A3, Eph receptor A8, and Eph receptor B2) were examined. Both mRNA and protein expressions of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 8, Caspase 3, and Tnfα) and a proliferation marker, Pcna, were investigated. Additionally, the role of Efna5 on paracrine oocyte-secreted factors and steroidogenesis hormones were also explored. Efna5 silencing suppressed GC apoptosis by downregulating Bax and upregulating Bcl-2 in a Caspase 8-dependent manner. Efna5 knockdown promoted GC proliferation via p-Akt and p-ERK pathway activation. The inhibition of Efna5 enhanced BMH15 and estradiol expression, but suppressed GDF9, while progesterone level remained unaltered. These results demonstrated that Efna5 is a pro-apoptotic agent in GC and plays important role in folliculogenesis by mediating apoptosis, proliferation, and steroidogenesis in female mouse. Therefore Efna5 might be potential therapeutic target for female fertility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Worku
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China.,b School of Veterinary Medicine , Wollega University , PO Box: 395, Nekemte , Ethiopia
| | - Kai Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Duncan Ayers
- c School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health , The University of Manchester M13 9PL , UK
| | - Di Wu
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Hao Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Liguo Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
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16
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Sadoul R, Laporte MH, Chassefeyre R, Chi KI, Goldberg Y, Chatellard C, Hemming FJ, Fraboulet S. The role of ESCRT during development and functioning of the nervous system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 74:40-49. [PMID: 28811263 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) is made of subcomplexes (ESCRT 0-III), crucial to membrane remodelling at endosomes, nuclear envelope and cell surface. ESCRT-III shapes membranes and in most cases cooperates with the ATPase VPS4 to mediate fission of membrane necks from the inside. The first ESCRT complexes mainly serve to catalyse the formation of ESCRT-III but can be bypassed by accessory proteins like the Alg-2 interacting protein-X (ALIX). In the nervous system, ALIX/ESCRT controls the survival of embryonic neural progenitors and later on the outgrowth and pruning of axons and dendrites, all necessary steps to establish a functional brain. In the adult brain, ESCRTs allow the endosomal turn over of synaptic vesicle proteins while stable ESCRT complexes might serve as scaffolds for the postsynaptic parts. The necessity of ESCRT for the harmonious function of the brain has its pathological counterpart, the mutations in CHMP2B of ESCRT-III giving rise to several neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Sadoul
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France.
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain Chassefeyre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Kwang Il Chi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Yves Goldberg
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Christine Chatellard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Fiona J Hemming
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Sandrine Fraboulet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1216, F-38042 Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Neurosciences, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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17
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Park E, Noh H, Park S. Identification of an Enhancer Critical for the ephirn-A5 Gene Expression in the Posterior Region of the Mesencephalon. Mol Cells 2017; 40:426-433. [PMID: 28614915 PMCID: PMC5523019 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-A5 has been implicated in the regulation of brain morphogenesis and axon pathfinding. In this study, we used bacterial homologous recombination to express a LacZ reporter in various ephrin-A5 BAC clones to identify elements that regulate ephrin-A5 gene expression during mesencephalon development. We found that there is mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity localized to a specific +25.0 kb to +30.5 kb genomic region in the first intron of ephrin-A5. Further comparative genomic analysis indicated that two evolutionary conserved regions, ECR1 and ECR2, were present within this 5.5 kb region. Deletion of ECR1 from the enhancer resulted in disrupted mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity in transgenic embryos. We also found a consensus binding site for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) in a highly conserved region at the 3'-end of ECR1. We further demonstrated that specific deletion of the bHLH TF binding site abrogated the mesencephalon-specific enhancer activity in transgenic embryos. Finally, both electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase-based transactivation assay revealed that the transcription factor Ascl1 bound the bHLH consensus binding site in the mesencephalon-specific ephrin-A5 enhancer in vitro. Together, these results suggest that the bHLH TF binding site in ECR1 is involved in the positive regulation of ephrin-A5 gene expression during the development of the mesencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Hyuna Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310,
Korea
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18
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Noh H, Lee H, Park E, Park S. Proper closure of the optic fissure requires ephrin A5-EphB2-JNK signaling. Development 2016; 143:461-72. [PMID: 26839344 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of complex organs such as the eye requires a delicate and coordinated balance of cell division and cell death. Although apoptosis is prevalent in the proximoventral optic cup, the precise role it plays in eye development needs to be investigated further. In this study, we show that reduced apoptosis in the proximoventral optic cup prevents closure of the optic fissure. We also show that expression of ephrin A5 (Efna5) partially overlaps with Eph receptor B2 (Ephb2) expression in the proximoventral optic cup and that binding of EphB2 to ephrin A5 induces a sustained activation of JNK. This prolonged JNK signal promotes apoptosis and prevents cell proliferation. Thus, we propose that the unique cross-subclass interaction of EphB2 with ephrin A5 has evolved to function upstream of JNK signaling for the purpose of maintaining an adequate pool of progenitor cells to ensure proper closure of the optic fissure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Noh
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Chungpa-ro 47gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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19
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Xavier GM, Miletich I, Cobourne MT. Ephrin Ligands and Eph Receptors Show Regionally Restricted Expression in the Developing Palate and Tongue. Front Physiol 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 26941654 PMCID: PMC4763095 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eph family receptor-interacting (ephrin) ligands and erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors constitute the largest known family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Ephrin ligands and their receptors form an important cell communication system with widespread roles in normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. In order to investigate potential roles of the ephrin-Eph system during palatogenesis and tongue development, we have characterized the cellular mRNA expression of family members EphrinA1-A3, EphA1–A8, and EphrinB2, EphB1, EphB4 during murine embryogenesis between embryonic day 13.5–16.5 using radioactive in situ hybridization. With the exception of EphA6 and ephrinA3, all genes were regionally expressed during the process of palatogenesis, with restricted and often overlapping domains. Transcripts were identified in the palate epithelium, localized at the tip of the palatal shelves, in the mesenchyme and also confined to the medial epithelium seam. Numerous Eph transcripts were also identified during tongue development. In particular, EphA1 and EphA2 demonstrated a highly restricted and specific expression in the tongue epithelium at all stages examined, whereas EphA3 was strongly expressed in the lateral tongue mesenchyme. These results suggest regulatory roles for ephrin-EphA signaling in development of the murine palate and tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme M Xavier
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK
| | - Isabelle Miletich
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's Hospital London, UK
| | - Martyn T Cobourne
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK; Department of Orthodontics, King's College London Dental Institute, Guy's HospitalLondon, UK
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20
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Noh H, Park S. Over-Expression of Ephrin-A5 in Mice Results in Decreasing the Size of Progenitor Pool through Inducing Apoptosis. Mol Cells 2016; 39:136-40. [PMID: 26674965 PMCID: PMC4757801 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, mediate cell-to-cell contacts in a specific brain region and their bidirectional signaling is implicated in the regulation of apoptosis during early brain development. In this report, we used the alpha(α)-Cre transgenic line to induce ephrin-A5 over-expression in the distal region of the neural retina. Using this double transgenic embryo, we show that the over-expression of ephrin-A5 was responsible for inducing massive apoptosis in both the nasal and temporal retinas. In addition, the number of differentiated retinal neurons with the exception of the bipolar neuron was significantly reduced, whereas the laminar organization of the mature retina remained intact. Consistent with this finding, an analysis of the mature retina revealed that the size of the whole retina--particularly the nasal and temporal regions--is markedly reduced. These results strongly suggest that the level of ephrin-A5 expression plays a role in the regulation of the size of the retinal progenitor pool in the neural retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Noh
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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21
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Serrano MJ, Liu J, Svoboda KKH, Nawshad A, Benson MD. Ephrin reverse signaling mediates palatal fusion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition independently of Tgfß3. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2961-72. [PMID: 25893671 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian secondary palate forms from shelves of epithelia-covered mesenchyme that meet at midline and fuse. The midline epithelial seam (MES) is thought to degrade by apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or both. Failure to degrade the MES blocks fusion and causes cleft palate. It was previously thought that transforming growth factor ß3 (Tgfß3) is required to initiate fusion. Members of the Eph tyrosine kinase receptor family and their membrane-bound ephrin ligands are expressed on the MES. We demonstrated that treatment of mouse palates with recombinant EphB2/Fc to activate ephrin reverse signaling (where the ephrin acts as a receptor and transduces signals from its cytodomain) was sufficient to cause mouse palatal fusion when Tgfß3 signaling was blocked by an antibody against Tgfß3 or by an inhibitor of the TgfßrI serine/threonine receptor kinase. Cultured palatal epithelial cells traded their expression of epithelial cell markers for that of mesenchymal cells and became motile after treatment with EphB2/Fc. They concurrently increased their expression of the EMT-associated transcription factors Snail, Sip1, and Twist1. EphB2/Fc did not cause apoptosis in these cells. These data reveal that ephrin reverse signaling directs palatal fusion in mammals through a mechanism that involves EMT but not apoptosis and activates a gene expression program not previously associated with ephrin reverse signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jingpeng Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - Kathy K H Svoboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ali Nawshad
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska
| | - M Douglas Benson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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22
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Kim Y, Park E, Park S. Identification of the 187 bp EphA7 Genomic DNA as the Dorsal Midline-Specific Enhancer of the Diencephalon and Mesencephalon. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1007-12. [PMID: 26537192 PMCID: PMC4673404 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA7 is a key molecule in regulating the development of the dien- and mesencephalon. To get insight into the mechanism of how EphA7 gene expression is regulated during the dorsal specification of the dien- and mesencephalon, we investigated the cis-acting regulatory sequence driving EphA7 to the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon. Transgenic LacZ reporter analysis, using overlapping EphA7 BACs, was used to narrow down the dorsal midline-specific enhancer, revealing the 25.3 kb genomic region as the enhancer candidate. Strikingly, this genomic DNA was located far downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, +302.6 kb to +327.9 kb. Further enhancer mapping, using comparative genomic analysis and transgenic methods, showed that the 187 bp genomic DNA alone, approximately 305 kb downstream of the EphA7 transcription start site, was sufficient to act as the dorsal midline-specific enhancer of EphA7. Importantly, our results indicate that the 187 bp dorsal midline-specific enhancer is critically regulated by homeobox transcription factors during the development of the dien- and mesencephalon.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Chick Embryo
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA/genetics
- Diencephalon/embryology
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Reporter
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Mesencephalon/embryology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptor, EphA7/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Initiation Site
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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23
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Abstract
Eph:ephrin signaling plays an important role in embryonic development as well as tissue homeostasis in the adult. At the cellular level, this transduction pathway is best known for its role in the control of cell adhesion and repulsion, cell migration and morphogenesis. Yet, a number of publications have also implicated Eph:ephrin signaling in the control of adult and embryonic neurogenesis. As is the case for other biological processes, these studies have reported conflicting and sometimes opposite roles for Eph:ephrin signaling in neurogenesis. Herein, we review these studies and we discuss existing mathematical models of stem cell dynamics and neurogenesis that provide a coherent framework and may help reconcile conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Laussu
- a Centre de Biologie du Développement; CNRS; Université de Toulouse ; Toulouse , France
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24
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Klingler E, Martin PM, Garcia M, Moreau-Fauvarque C, Falk J, Chareyre F, Giovannini M, Chédotal A, Girault JA, Goutebroze L. The cytoskeleton-associated protein SCHIP1 is involved in axon guidance, and is required for piriform cortex and anterior commissure development. Development 2015; 142:2026-36. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.119248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
SCHIP1 is a cytoplasmic partner of cortical cytoskeleton ankyrins. The IQCJ-SCHIP1 isoform is a component of axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier of mature axons in peripheral and central nervous systems, where it associates with membrane complexes comprising cell adhesion molecules. SCHIP1 is also expressed in the mouse developing central nervous system during embryonic stages of active axonogenesis. Here, we identify a new and early role for SCHIP1 during axon development and establishment of the anterior commissure (AC). The AC is composed of axons from the piriform cortex, the anterior olfactory nucleus and the amygdala. Schip1 mutant mice displayed early defects in AC development that might result from impaired axon growth and guidance. In addition, mutant mice presented a reduced thickness of the piriform cortex, which affected projection neurons in layers 2/3 and was likely to result from cell death rather than from impairment of neuron generation or migration. Piriform cortex neurons from E14.5 mutant embryos displayed axon initiation/outgrowth delay and guidance defects in vitro. The sensitivity of growth cones to semaphorin 3F and Eph receptor B2, two repulsive guidance cues crucial for AC development, was increased, providing a possible basis for certain fiber tract alterations. Thus, our results reveal new evidence for the involvement of cortical cytoskeleton-associated proteins in the regulation of axon development and their importance for the formation of neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Klingler
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris F-75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Martin
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris F-75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Marta Garcia
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris F-75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Caroline Moreau-Fauvarque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR-S 968, Paris F-75012, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Julien Falk
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5534, CGphiMC, Lyon F-69622, France
| | - Fabrice Chareyre
- House Research Institute, Center for Neural Tumor Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA
| | - Marco Giovannini
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Alain Chédotal
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut de la Vision, INSERM, UMR-S 968, Paris F-75012, France
- CNRS, UMR 7210, Paris F-75012, France
| | - Jean-Antoine Girault
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris F-75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Laurence Goutebroze
- INSERM, UMR-S 839, Paris F-75005, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris F-75005, France
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France
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25
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Park S, Lee H, Park S. In Vivo Expression of the PTB-deleted Odin Mutant Results in Hydrocephalus. Mol Cells 2015; 38:426-31. [PMID: 26018557 PMCID: PMC4443284 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Odin has been implicated in the downstream signaling pathway of receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor and Eph receptors. However, the physiologically relevant function of Odin needs to be further determined. In this study, we used Odin heterozygous mice to analyze the Odin expression pattern; the targeted allele contained a β-geo gene trap vector inserted into the 14th intron of the Odin gene. Interestingly, we found that Odin was exclusively expressed in ependymal cells along the brain ventricles. In particular, Odin was highly expressed in the subcommissural organ, a small ependymal glandular tissue. However, we did not observe any morphological abnormalities in the brain ventricles or ependymal cells of Odin null-mutant mice. We also generated BAC transgenic mice that expressed the PTB-deleted Odin (dPTB) after a floxed GFP-STOP cassette was excised by tissue-specific Cre expression. Strikingly, Odin-dPTB expression played a causative role in the development of the hydrocephalic phenotype, primarily in the midbrain. In addition, Odin-dPTB expression disrupted proper development of the subcommissural organ and interfered with ependymal cell maturation in the cerebral aqueduct. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that Odin plays a role in the differentiation of ependymal cells during early postnatal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjung Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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26
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Landais E, Leroy C, Kleinfinger P, Brunet S, Koubi V, Pietrement C, Poli-Mérol ML, Fiquet C, Souchon PF, Beri M, Jonveaux P, Garnotel R, Gaillard D, Doco-Fenzy M. A pure familial 6q15q21 split duplication associated with obesity and transmitted with partial reduction. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167:1275-84. [PMID: 25900228 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Familial transmission of chromosome 6 duplications is rare. We report on the first observation of a maternally-inherited pure segmental 6q duplication split into two segments, 6q15q16.3 and 6q16.3q21, and associated with obesity. Obesity has previously been correlated to chromosome 6 q-arm deletion but has not yet been assessed in duplications. The aim of this study was to characterize the structure of these intrachromosomal insertional translocations by classic cytogenetic banding, array-CGH, FISH, M-banding and genotyping using microsatellites and SNP array analysis, in a mother and four offspring. The duplicated 6q segments, 9.75 Mb (dup 1) and 7.05 Mb (dup 2) in size in the mother, were inserted distally into two distinct chromosome 6q regions. They were transmitted to four offspring. A son and a daughter inherited the two unbalanced insertions and displayed, like the mother, an abnormal phenotype with facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and morbid obesity. Curiously, two daughters with a normal phenotype inherited only the smaller segment, 6q16.3q21. The abnormal phenotype was associated with the larger proximal 6q15q16.3 duplication. We hypothesize a mechanism for this exceptional phenomenon of recurrent reduction and transmission of the duplication during meiosis in a family. We expect the interpretation of our findings to be useful for genetic counseling and for understanding the mechanisms underlying these large segmental 6q duplications and their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Landais
- CHU-Reims, HMB, Service de Génétique, France.,CHU-Reims, HMB, Plateforme Régionale de Biologie Innovante, France
| | - Camille Leroy
- CHU-Reims, HMB, Service de Génétique, France.,Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR de médecine, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Koubi
- Service de génétique Médicale, Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, CHU Hopital Necker enfants malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Laurence Poli-Mérol
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR de médecine, France.,CHU-Reims, American Memorial Hospital, Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique, France
| | - Caroline Fiquet
- CHU-Reims, American Memorial Hospital, Service de Chirurgie pédiatrique, France.,SFR CAP Santé, Reims, EA 3801, France
| | | | - Mylène Beri
- CHU-Nancy, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Nancy Université, France
| | - Philippe Jonveaux
- CHU-Nancy, Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Nancy Université, France
| | - Roselyne Garnotel
- CHU-Reims, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 6198, UFR, Médecine, France
| | - Dominique Gaillard
- CHU-Reims, HMB, Service de Génétique, France.,Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR de médecine, France
| | - Martine Doco-Fenzy
- CHU-Reims, HMB, Service de Génétique, France.,SFR CAP Santé, Reims, EA 3801, France
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27
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Lee H, Park S, Kang YS, Park S. EphA receptors form a complex with caspase-8 to induce apoptotic cell death. Mol Cells 2015; 38:349-55. [PMID: 25855521 PMCID: PMC4400310 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA7 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptotic cell death in neural epithelial cells. In this report, we provide evidence that EphA7 interacts with caspase-8 to induce apoptotic cell signaling. First, a pull-down assay using biotinylated ephrinA5-Fc showed that EphA7 coprecipitated with wild type caspase-8 or catalytically inactive caspase-8 mutant. Second, co-transfection of EphA7 with caspase-8 significantly increased the number of cleaved caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells under an experimental condition where transfection of EphA7 or caspase-8 alone did not affect cell viability or apoptosis. EphA4 also had a causative role in inducing apoptotic cell death with caspase-8, whereas EphA8 did not. Third, caspase-8 catalytic activity was essential for the apoptotic signaling cascade, whereas tyrosine kinase activity of the EphA4 receptor was not. Interestingly, we found that kinaseinactive EphA4 was well co-localized at the plasma membrane with catalytically inactive caspase-8, suggesting that an interaction between these mutant proteins was more stable. Finally, we observed that the extracellular region of the EphA7 receptor was critical for interacting with caspase-8, whereas the cytoplasmic region of EphA7 was not. Therefore, we propose that Eph receptors physically associate with a transmembrane protein to form an apoptotic signaling complex and that this unidentified receptorlike protein acts as a biochemical linker between the Eph receptor and caspase-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Sunjung Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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28
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Dworschak GC, Draaken M, Hilger AC, Schramm C, Bartels E, Schmiedeke E, Grasshoff-Derr S, Märzheuser S, Holland-Cunz S, Lacher M, Jenetzky E, Zwink N, Schmidt D, Nöthen MM, Ludwig M, Reutter H. Genome-wide mapping of copy number variations in patients with both anorectal malformations and central nervous system abnormalities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 103:235-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Draaken
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Alina C. Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | | | - Enrika Bartels
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Eberhard Schmiedeke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology; Center for Child and Adolescent Health; Hospital Bremen-Mitte Bremen Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Märzheuser
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Hospital Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Children's University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Martin Lacher
- Center of Pediatric Surgery Hannover; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ekkehart Jenetzky
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Johannes-Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Nadine Zwink
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; German Cancer Research Center; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery; Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité University Hospital Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Department of Neonatology; Children's Hospital, University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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29
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Li Y, Liu DX, Li MY, Qin XX, Fang WG, Zhao WD, Chen YH. Ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A4 contribute to microglia-induced angiogenesis in brain endothelial cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:1908-18. [PMID: 25070915 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association of microglia with brain vasculature during development and the reduced brain vascular complexity in microglia-deficient mice suggest the role of microglia in cerebrovascular angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro angiogenesis model, we found the culture supernatant of BV2 microglial cells significantly enhanced capillary-like tube formation and migration of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The expression of angiogenic factors, ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A4, were specifically upregulated in BMECs exposed to BV2-derived culture supernatant. Knockdown of ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A4 in BMECs by siRNA significantly attenuated the enhanced angiogenesis and migration of BMECs induced by BV2 supernatant. Our further results indicated that the ability of BV2 supernatant to promote endothelial angiogenesis was caused by the soluble tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) released from BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, the upregulations of ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A4 in BMECs in response to BV2 supernatant were effectively abolished by neutralization antibody against TNF-α and TNF receptor 1, respectively. The present study provides evidence that microglia upregulates endothelial ephrin-A3 and ephrin-A4 to facilitate in vitro angiogenesis of brain endothelial cells, which is mediated by microglia-released TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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30
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Noh H, Park E, Park S. In vivo expression of ephrinA5-Fc in mice results in cephalic neural crest agenesis and craniofacial abnormalities. Mol Cells 2014; 37:59-65. [PMID: 24552711 PMCID: PMC3907003 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ligands ephrins have been implicated in guiding the directed migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). In this study, we found that Wnt1-Cre-mediated expression of ephrinA5-Fc along the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon resulted in severe craniofacial malformation of mouse embryo. Interestingly, expression of cephalic NCC markers decreased significantly in the frontonasal process and branchial arches 1 and 2, which are target areas for the migratory cephalic NCCs originating in the dien- and mesencephalon. In addition, these craniofacial tissues were much smaller in mutant embryos expressing ephrinA5-Fc. Importantly, EphA7-positive cephalic NCCs were absent along the dorsal dien- and mesencephalon of mutant embryos expressing ephrinA5-Fc, suggesting that the generation of cephalic NCCs is disrupted due to ephrinA5-Fc expression. NCC explant experiments suggested that ephrinA5-Fc perturbed survival of cephalic NCC precursors in the dorsal midline tissue rather than affecting their migratory capacity, which was consistent with our previous report that expression of ephrinA5-Fc in the dorsal midline is responsible for severe neuroepithelial cell apoptotic death. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that expression of ephrinA5-Fc decreases a population of cephalic NCC precursors in the dorsal midline of the dien- and mesencephalon, thereby disrupting craniofacial development in the mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Noh
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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31
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Park S. Brain-Region Specific Apoptosis Triggered by Eph/ephrin Signaling. Exp Neurobiol 2013; 22:143-8. [PMID: 24167409 PMCID: PMC3807001 DOI: 10.5607/en.2013.22.3.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptors and their ligands, ephrins, are abundantly expressed in neuroepithelial cells of the early embryonic brain. Overstimulation of Eph signaling in vivo increases apoptotic cell death of neuroepithelial cells, whereas null mutation of the Eph gene leads to the development of a larger brain during embryogenesis. Thus, it appears that Eph-ephrin signaling plays a role in regulating apoptotic cell death of neuroepithelial cells, thereby influencing brain size during embryonic development. Interestingly, Eph-ephrin signaling is bi-directional, with forward signaling from ephrin- to Eph-expressing cells and reverse signaling from Eph- to ephrin-expressing cells. However, it is not clear whether this forward or reverse signaling plays a role in regulating the size of the neuroepithelial cell population during early brain development. Also, Eph receptors and their corresponding ligands are mutually exclusive in their expression domains, and they encounter each other only at interfaces between their expression domains. This expression pattern may be a critical mechanism for preventing overstimulation of Eph-ephrin signaling. Nevertheless, Eph receptors are co-expressed with their corresponding ligands in certain brain regions. Recently, two studies demonstrated that brain region-specific apoptosis may be triggered by the overlapping expression of Eph and ephrin, a theme that will be explored in this mini-review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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32
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Kim Y, Park E, Noh H, Park S. Expression of EphA8-Fc in transgenic mouse embryos induces apoptosis of neural epithelial cells during brain development. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:702-12. [PMID: 23696555 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
EphAs and ephrin-As are expressed in multiple regions of the developing brain and have been implicated in regulating brain size. Here, we report the identification of a novel mechanism in which reverse signaling through ephrin-As controls neural epithelial cell number in the developing brain. Ectopic expression of EphA8-Fc in transgenic embryos induced apoptosis of neural epithelial cells, which was accompanied by a dramatic decrease in brain size. The number of ephrin-A5-expressing cells was significantly reduced in the brain region where EphA8-Fc was ectopically expressed. Furthermore, in vitro culture of the dissociated neuroepithelial cells revealed that EphA8-Fc enhanced apoptotic cell death of the ephrinA5-expressing cells in a caspase-dependent manner. Thus, our results suggest that reverse signaling through ephrin-As is biochemically linked with caspase-dependent proapoptotic signaling during early brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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33
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Lee H, Park E, Kim Y, Park S. EphrinA5-EphA7 complex induces apoptotic cell death via TNFR1. Mol Cells 2013; 35:450-5. [PMID: 23657875 PMCID: PMC3887865 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that the EphA7 receptor regulates apoptotic cell death during early brain development. In this study, we provide evidence that the EphA7 receptor interacts with death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) to decrease cell viability. We showed that ephrinA5 stimulates EphA7 to activate the TNFR1-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. In addition, a pull-down assay using biotinylated ephrinA5-Fc revealed that ephrinA5-EphA7 complexes recruit TNFR1 to form a multi-protein complex. Immunocytochemical staining analysis showed that EphA7 was co-localized with TNFR1 on the cell surface when cells were incubated with ephrinA5 at low temperatures. Finally, both the internalization motif and death domain of TNFR1 was important for interacting with an intracytoplasmic region of EphA7; this interaction was essential for inducing the apoptotic signaling cascade. This result suggests that a distinct multi-protein complex comprising ephrinA5, EphA7, and TNFR1 may constitute a platform for inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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