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Vunnam N, Yang M, Lo CH, Paulson C, Fiers WD, Huber E, Been M, Ferguson DM, Sachs JN. Zafirlukast Is a Promising Scaffold for Selectively Inhibiting TNFR1 Signaling. ACS Bio Med Chem Au 2023; 3:270-282. [PMID: 37363080 PMCID: PMC10288500 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. The biological effects of TNF are mediated by binding to TNF receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), or TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2), and this coupling makes TNFR1-specific inhibition by small-molecule therapies essential to avoid deleterious side effects. Recently, we engineered a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor for high-throughput screening of small molecules that modulate TNFR1 conformational states and identified zafirlukast as a compound that inhibits receptor activation, albeit at low potency. Here, we synthesized 16 analogues of zafirlukast and tested their potency and specificity for TNFR1 signaling. Using cell-based functional assays, we identified three analogues with significantly improved efficacy and potency, each of which induces a conformational change in the receptor (as measured by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in cells). The best analogue decreased NF-κB activation by 2.2-fold, IκBα efficiency by 3.3-fold, and relative potency by two orders of magnitude. Importantly, we showed that the analogues do not block TNF binding to TNFR1 and that binding to the receptor's extracellular domain is strongly cooperative. Despite these improvements, the best candidate's maximum inhibition of NF-κB is only 63%, leaving room for further improvements to the zafirlukast scaffold to achieve full inhibition and prove its potential as a therapeutic lead. Interestingly, while we find that the analogues also bind to TNFR2 in vitro, they do not inhibit TNFR2 function in cells or cause any conformational changes upon binding. Thus, these lead compounds should also be used as reagents to study conformational-dependent activation of TNF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Vunnam
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mu Yang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chih Hung Lo
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carolyn Paulson
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William D. Fiers
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Evan Huber
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - MaryJane Been
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David M. Ferguson
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Drug Design, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jonathan N. Sachs
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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2
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Lee H, Park E, Kim Y, Park S. EphrinA5-EphA7 complex induces apoptotic cell death via TNFR1. Mol Cells 2013; 35:450-5. [PMID: 23657875 PMCID: PMC3887865 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study showed that the EphA7 receptor regulates apoptotic cell death during early brain development. In this study, we provide evidence that the EphA7 receptor interacts with death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) to decrease cell viability. We showed that ephrinA5 stimulates EphA7 to activate the TNFR1-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. In addition, a pull-down assay using biotinylated ephrinA5-Fc revealed that ephrinA5-EphA7 complexes recruit TNFR1 to form a multi-protein complex. Immunocytochemical staining analysis showed that EphA7 was co-localized with TNFR1 on the cell surface when cells were incubated with ephrinA5 at low temperatures. Finally, both the internalization motif and death domain of TNFR1 was important for interacting with an intracytoplasmic region of EphA7; this interaction was essential for inducing the apoptotic signaling cascade. This result suggests that a distinct multi-protein complex comprising ephrinA5, EphA7, and TNFR1 may constitute a platform for inducing caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeryung Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Eunjeong Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 140-742,
Korea
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3
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Abrams JM, Alnemri ES, Baehrecke EH, Blagosklonny MV, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, El-Deiry WS, Fulda S, Gottlieb E, Green DR, Hengartner MO, Kepp O, Knight RA, Kumar S, Lipton SA, Lu X, Madeo F, Malorni W, Mehlen P, Nuñez G, Peter ME, Piacentini M, Rubinsztein DC, Shi Y, Simon HU, Vandenabeele P, White E, Yuan J, Zhivotovsky B, Melino G, Kroemer G. Molecular definitions of cell death subroutines: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:107-20. [PMID: 21760595 PMCID: PMC3252826 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1803] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposed a set of recommendations for the definition of distinct cell death morphologies and for the appropriate use of cell death-related terminology, including 'apoptosis', 'necrosis' and 'mitotic catastrophe'. In view of the substantial progress in the biochemical and genetic exploration of cell death, time has come to switch from morphological to molecular definitions of cell death modalities. Here we propose a functional classification of cell death subroutines that applies to both in vitro and in vivo settings and includes extrinsic apoptosis, caspase-dependent or -independent intrinsic apoptosis, regulated necrosis, autophagic cell death and mitotic catastrophe. Moreover, we discuss the utility of expressions indicating additional cell death modalities. On the basis of the new, revised NCCD classification, cell death subroutines are defined by a series of precise, measurable biochemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - I Vitale
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - J M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - E S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Apoptosis Research, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - E H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - M V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - T M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - V L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - W S El-Deiry
- Cancer Institute Penn State, Hershey Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 17033, USA
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt 60528, Germany
| | - E Gottlieb
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - D R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - M O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O Kepp
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud-XI, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - R A Knight
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - S Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - S A Lipton
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, , La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Univerisity of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - X Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - F Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W Malorni
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation, Section of Cell Aging and Degeneration, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto San Raffaele Sulmona, 67039 Sulmona, Italy
| | - P Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, CRCL, 69008 Lyon, France
- INSERM, U1052, 69008 Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5286, 69008 Lyon, France
- Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - G Nuñez
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M E Peter
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M Piacentini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS ‘L Spallanzani', 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - D C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - H-U Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Vandenabeele
- Department for Molecular Biology, Gent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - E White
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Melino
- Biochemical Laboratory IDI-IRCCS, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Kroemer
- INSERM U848, ‘Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity', 94805 Villejuif, France
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75005 Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75908 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris 5, 75270 Paris, France
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4
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Caminero A, Comabella M, Montalban X. Role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and TNFRSF1A R92Q mutation in the pathogenesis of TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome and multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 166:338-45. [PMID: 22059991 PMCID: PMC3232381 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)/TNFRSF1A signalling is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Different genetic and clinical findings over the last few years have generated renewed interest in this relationship. This paper provides an update on these recent findings. Genome-wide association studies have identified the R92Q mutation in the TNFRSF1A gene as a genetic risk factor for MS (odds ratio 1·6). This allele, which is also common in the general population and in other inflammatory conditions, therefore only implies a modest risk for MS and provides yet another piece of the puzzle that defines the multiple genetic risk factors for this disease. TNFRSF1A mutations have been associated with an autoinflammatory disease known as TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS). Clinical observations have identified a group of MS patients carrying the R92Q mutation who have additional TRAPS symptoms. Hypothetically, the co-existence of MS and TRAPS or a co-morbidity relationship between the two could be mediated by this mutation. The TNFRSF1A R92Q mutation behaves as a genetic risk factor for MS and other inflammatory diseases, including TRAPS. Nevertheless, this mutation does not appear to be a severity marker of the disease, neither modifying the clinical progression of MS nor its therapeutic response. An alteration in TNF/TNFRS1A signalling may increase proinflammatory signals; the final clinical phenotype may possibly be determined by other genetic or environmental modifying factors that have not yet been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caminero
- Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, CEM-Cat, Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Sunil VR, Patel-Vayas K, Shen J, Gow AJ, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Role of TNFR1 in lung injury and altered lung function induced by the model sulfur mustard vesicant, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 250:245-55. [PMID: 21070800 PMCID: PMC3520488 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lung toxicity induced by sulfur mustard is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. To elucidate mechanisms mediating pulmonary damage, we used 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a model sulfur mustard vesicant. Male mice (B6129) were treated intratracheally with CEES (3 or 6 mg/kg) or control. Animals were sacrificed 3, 7 or 14 days later and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue collected. Treatment of mice with CEES resulted in an increase in BAL protein, an indication of alveolar epithelial damage, within 3 days. Expression of Ym1, an oxidative stress marker also increased in the lung, along with inducible nitric oxide synthase, and at 14 days, cyclooxygenase-2 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, inflammatory proteins implicated in tissue injury. These responses were attenuated in mice lacking the p55 receptor for TNFα (TNFR1-/-), demonstrating that signaling via TNFR1 is key to CEES-induced injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CEES-induced upregulation of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and MnSOD was delayed or absent in TNFR1-/- mice, relative to WT mice, suggesting that TNFα mediates early antioxidant responses to lung toxicants. Treatment of WT mice with CEES also resulted in functional alterations in the lung including decreases in compliance and increases in elastance. Additionally, methacholine-induced alterations in total lung resistance and central airway resistance were dampened by CEES. Loss of TNFR1 resulted in blunted functional responses to CEES. These effects were most notable in the airways. These data suggest that targeting TNFα signaling may be useful in mitigating lung injury, inflammation and functional alterations induced by vesicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R. Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kinal Patel-Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrew J. Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L. Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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6
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Al-Lamki RS, Brookes AP, Wang J, Reid MJ, Parameshwar J, Goddard MJ, Tellides G, Wan T, Min W, Pober JS, Bradley JR. TNF receptors differentially signal and are differentially expressed and regulated in the human heart. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:2679-96. [PMID: 19788501 PMCID: PMC3517885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02831.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) utilizes two receptors, TNFR1 and 2, to initiate target cell responses. We assessed expression of TNF, TNFRs and downstream kinases in cardiac allografts, and compared TNF responses in heart organ cultures from wild-type ((WT)C57BL/6), TNFR1-knockout ((KO)), TNFR2(KO), TNFR1/2(KO) mice. In nonrejecting human heart TNFR1 was strongly expressed coincidentally with inactive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) in cardiomyocytes (CM) and vascular endothelial cells (VEC). TNFR2 was expressed only in VEC. Low levels of TNF localized to microvessels. Rejecting cardiac allografts showed increased TNF in microvessels, diminished TNFR1, activation of ASK1, upregulated TNFR2 co-expressed with activated endothelial/epithelial tyrosine kinase (Etk), increased apoptosis and cell cycle entry in CM. Neither TNFR was expressed significantly by cardiac fibroblasts. In (WT)C57BL/6 myocardium, TNF activated both ASK1 and Etk, and increased both apoptosis and cell cycle entry. TNF-treated TNFR1(KO) myocardium showed little ASK1 activation and apoptosis but increased Etk activation and cell cycle entry, while TNFR2(KO) myocardium showed little Etk activation and cell cycle entry but increased ASK1 activation and apoptosis. These observations demonstrate independent regulation and differential functions of TNFRs in myocardium, consistent with TNFR1-mediated cell death and TNFR2-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- RS Al-Lamki
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
| | - AP Brookes
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
| | - MJ Reid
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
| | - J Parameshwar
- Department of Transplantation, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK
| | - MJ Goddard
- Department of Pathology, Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - T Wan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - W Min
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - JS Pober
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - JR Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge
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7
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces pleiotropic cellular effects through a 55kDa, type 1 receptor (TNFR1) and a 75kDa type 2 receptor (TNFR2). Moreover, it participates in the pathogenesis of several CNS diseases, including demyelinating diseases. TNF-alpha receptors are differentially expressed and are regulated in many cell types. However, data regarding the TNF-alpha receptor expression and regulation in human astrocytes is limited to date. We investigated TNF- receptor expression, its regulation by cytokines, and its functional role in primary cultured human fetal astrocytes, which are the most abundant cellular population in the central nervous system and are known to be immunologically active. In this study, astrocytes were found to constitutively and predominantly transcribe, translate and shed TNFR1 rather than TNFR2, but TNFR2 expression was increased by adding TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IFN-gamma, but not by adding LPS. To determine the functional roles of TNFR1 and TNFR2 on TNF induction, we investigated NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha induction after neutralizing TNFR1 and TNFR2 by an antibody treatment. We found that NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha induction are blocked by TNFR1 neutralizing antibody treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/pharmacology
- Fetus/cytology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/physiology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Choon-Myung Koh
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Joo Young Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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8
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Cusson N, Oikemus S, Kilpatrick ED, Cunningham L, Kelliher M. The death domain kinase RIP protects thymocytes from tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2-induced cell death. J Exp Med 2002; 196:15-26. [PMID: 12093867 PMCID: PMC2194008 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fas and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1 regulate the programmed cell death of lymphocytes. The death domain kinase, receptor interacting protein (rip), is recruited to the TNFR1 upon receptor activation. In vitro, rip-/- fibroblasts are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death due to an impaired nuclear factor kappaB response. Because rip-/- mice die at birth, we were unable to examine the effects of a targeted rip mutation on lymphocyte survival. To address the contribution of RIP to immune homeostasis, we examined lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with rip-/- hematopoietic precursors. We observed a decrease in rip-/- thymocytes and T cells in both wild-type C57BL/6 and recombination activating gene 1-/- irradiated hosts. In contrast, the B cell and myeloid lineages are unaffected by the absence of rip. Thus, the death domain kinase rip is required for T cell development. Unlike Fas-associated death domain, rip does not regulate T cell proliferation, as rip-/- T cells respond to polyclonal activators. However, rip-deficient mice contain few viable CD4+ and CD8+ thymocytes, and rip-/- thymocytes are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death. Surprisingly, the rip-associated thymocyte apoptosis was not rescued by the absence of TNFR1, but appears to be rescued by an absence of TNFR2. Taken together, this study implicates RIP and TNFR2 in thymocyte survival.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Survival/physiology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Targeting
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
- Heterozygote
- Homozygote
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/embryology
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/physiology
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/drug effects
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cusson
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology/Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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9
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Alcamo E, Hacohen N, Schulte LC, Rennert PD, Hynes RO, Baltimore D. Requirement for the NF-kappaB family member RelA in the development of secondary lymphoid organs. J Exp Med 2002; 195:233-44. [PMID: 11805150 PMCID: PMC2193608 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20011885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB has been suggested to be a key mediator of the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. However, targeted deletion of NF-kappaB/ Rel family members has not yet corroborated such a function. Here we report that when mice lacking the RelA subunit of NF-kappaB are brought to term by breeding onto a tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)1-deficient background, the mice that are born lack lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and an organized splenic microarchitecture, and have a profound defect in T cell-dependent antigen responses. Analyses of TNFR1/RelA-deficient embryonic tissues and of radiation chimeras suggest that the dependence on RelA is manifest not in hematopoietic cells but rather in radioresistant stromal cells needed for the development of secondary lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Alcamo
- Center for Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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10
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Ankersmit HJ, Moser B, Roedler S, Teufel I, Zuckermann A, Roth G, Lietz K, Back C, Gerlitz S, Wolner E, Boltz-Nitulescu G. Death-inducing receptors and apoptotic changes in lymphocytes of patients with heart transplant vasculopathy. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 127:183-9. [PMID: 11882051 PMCID: PMC1906279 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific role of lymphocyte apoptosis and transplant-associated atherosclerosis is not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of T cell apoptotic pathways in patients with heart transplant vasculopathy. Amongst 40 patients with cardiac heart failure class IV who have undergone heart transplantation, 20 recipients with transplant-associated coronary artery disease (TACAD) and 20 with non-TACAD were investigated one year postoperative. Expression of CD95 and CD45RO, and annexin V binding were measured by FACS. Soluble CD95, sCD95 ligand (sCD95L), tumour necrosis factor receptor type 1 (sTNFR1), and histones were measured in the sera by ELISA. The percentage of cells expressing CD3 and CD4 was significantly reduced in TACAD as well as in non-TACAD patients as compared with control volunteers. Interestingly, the proportion of CD19+ (B cells) and CD56+ (NK) cells was increased in TACAD groups (versus non-TACAD; P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast to sCD95, the expression of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) and CD45RO (memory T cells), and sCD95L were significantly increased in non-TACAD and TACAD patients. T cell activation via CD95 with consecutive apoptosis was increased in both groups. The concentration of sTNFR1, IL-10 and histones was significantly elevated in sera from TACAD than non-TACAD patients, and in both groups than in healthy controls. These observations indicate that the allograft may induce a pronounced susceptibility of CD4+ T cells to undergo apoptosis and antibody-driven activation-induced cell death. This data may suggest a paradox immune response similar to that seen in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ankersmit
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Vienna University, Austria.
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Kim GM, Xu J, Xu J, Song SK, Yan P, Ku G, Xu XM, Hsu CY. Tumor necrosis factor receptor deletion reduces nuclear factor-kappaB activation, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 expression, and functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurosci 2001; 21:6617-25. [PMID: 11517251 PMCID: PMC6763083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2001] [Revised: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 06/13/2001] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression has been documented extensively in animal models of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the pathophysiological significance of TNF-alpha expression in the injured cord remains to be delineated. The TNF receptor (TNFR)-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal transduction pathway is important for maintaining cell viability. NF-kappaB exerts anti-apoptotic effects via an endogenous caspase inhibitory system mediated by cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2). NF-kappaB transactivates c-IAP2 to inhibit caspase-3 activation. Progressive cell death, including morphological and biochemical features suggestive of apoptosis, has been noted after SCI. We explored the effects of TNFR1 or TNFR2 deletion on the apoptotic events downstream of NF-kappaB in relation to SCI pathology and functional recovery. Nuclear proteins from the injured cords of the TNFR1(-/-) mice had a reduced NF-kappaB binding activity compared with the wild-type controls. This decrease in NF-kappaB activation was accompanied by a reduction in c-IAP2 expression and an increase in the active form of caspase-3 protein. After SCI the TNFR1(-/-) mice had greater numbers of apoptotic cells, a larger lesion size, and worse functional recovery than wild-type mice. TNFR2-deficient mice had a similar, although not as pronounced, consequence as the TNFR1(-/-) mice. These findings support the argument that the TNFR-NF-kappaB pathway is beneficial for limiting apoptotic cell death after SCI and that a defective TNFR-NF-kappaB pathway results in a poorer neurological outcome. A worse functional outcome in TNFR(-/-) mice suggests that an endogenous apoptosis inhibitory mechanism mediated by TNFR activation, NF-kappaB, and c-IAP2 may be of pathophysiological importance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Apoptosis
- Axons/pathology
- Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing 3 Protein
- Caspase 3
- Caspases/metabolism
- Female
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Motor Activity
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Proteins/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Recovery of Function
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Spinal Cord Injuries/genetics
- Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology
- Spinal Cord Injuries/physiopathology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kim
- Departments of Neurology and Center for the Study of Nervous System Injury, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Eves EM, Skoczylas C, Yoshida K, Alnemri ES, Rosner MR. FGF induces a switch in death receptor pathways in neuronal cells. J Neurosci 2001; 21:4996-5006. [PMID: 11438575 PMCID: PMC6762848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) has many roles in neuronal development and maintenance including effects on mitogenesis, survival, fate determination, differentiation, and migration. Using a conditionally immortalized rat hippocampal cell line, H19-7, and primary hippocampal cultures, we now demonstrate that FGF2 treatment differentially regulates members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily of death domain receptors and their ligands. H19-7 cells transferred from serum to defined (N2) medium undergo apoptosis by a Fas-dependent mechanism similar to primary neurons. In contrast, H19-7 cells treated with FGF undergo apoptosis by a Fas-independent mechanism. FGF suppresses the Fas death pathway but also induces apoptosis by activation of a TNFalpha death pathway in both H19-7 and hippocampal progenitor cells. Expression of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) or TNFR2 in H19-7 cells is sufficient to sensitize the cells to TNFalpha, similar to the effects of FGF. Because TNFalpha can be either proapoptotic or antiapoptotic, these results provide an explanation for the divergent trophic effects of FGF2 treatment and the observation that multiple trophic inputs are required for the survival of specific neurons.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/pharmacology
- Caspase Inhibitors
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/pharmacology
- Hippocampus/cytology
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Eves
- Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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