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Fan D, Yang M, Lee HJ, Lee JH, Kim HS. AVEN: a novel oncogenic biomarker with prognostic significance and implications of AVEN-associated immunophenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1265359. [PMID: 37908231 PMCID: PMC10613694 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1265359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: AVEN, an apoptosis and caspase activation inhibitor, has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes and poor prognosis in Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Targeting AVEN in AML improves apoptosis sensitivity and chemotherapy efficacy, making it a promising therapeutic target. However, AVEN's role has not been studied in solid tumors. Therefore, our study investigated AVEN as a prognostic biomarker in a more comprehensive manner and developed an AVEN-derived prognostic model in Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Method: Pan-cancer analysis was performed to examine AVEN expression in 33 cancer types obtained from the TCGA database. GEPIA analysis was used to determine the predictive value of AVEN in each cancer type with cancer-specific AVEN expression. Lung Adenocarcinomas (LUAD) patients were grouped into AVENhigh and AVENlow based on AVEN expression level. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathway enrichment analysis were performed to gain insight into the biological function of AVEN in LUAD. In addition, several deconvolution tools, including Timer, CIBERSORT, EPIC, xCell, Quanti-seq and MCP-counter were used to explore immune infiltration. AVEN-relevant prognostic genes were identified by Random Survival Forest analysis via univariate Cox regression. The AVEN-derived genomic model was established using a multivariate-Cox regression model and GEO datasets (GSE31210, GSE50081) were used to validate its prognostic effect. Results: AVEN expression was increased in several cancer types compared to normal tissue, but its impact on survival was only significant in LUAD in the TCGA cohort. High AVEN expression was significantly correlated with tumor progression and shorter life span in LUAD patients. Pathway analysis was performed with 838 genes associated with AVEN expression and several oncogenic pathways were altered such as the Cell cycle, VEGFA-VEGFR2 pathway, and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition pathway. Immune infiltration was also analyzed, and less infiltrated B cells was observed in AVENhigh patients. Furthermore, an AVEN-derived genomic model was established, demonstrating a reliable and improved prognostic value in TCGA and GEO databases. Conclusion: This study provided evidence that AVEN is accumulated in LUAD compared to adjacent tissue and is associated with poor survival, high tumor progression, and immune infiltration alteration. Moreover, the study introduced the AVEN-derived prognostic model as a promising prognosis tool for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hong Sook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Chen R, Wang L, Lu Z, Li Y, Tang D. Molecular mechanism of CAIF inhibiting myocardial infarction by sponging miR‑488 and regulating AVEN expression. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:270. [PMID: 35795990 PMCID: PMC9309535 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) has increased and become one of the important diseases threatening public health. Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are a type of ncRNA that serve critical roles in the progression of various types of disease. The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of lncRNA cardiac autophagy inhibitory factor (CAIF) on cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. CAIF was downregulated in the myocardium of I/R rats and cardiomyocytes treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Further experiments demonstrated that CAIF overexpression inhibited I/R-induced cardiac infarction and apoptosis in vivo. CAIF decreased H2O2-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress of cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, CAIF sponged microRNA (miR)-488-5p; this interaction was confirmed by rescue experiments. Moreover, miR-488-5p targeted apoptosis and caspase activation inhibitor (AVEN) and inhibited its expression. In summary, the present data identified a novel CAIF/miR-488-5p/AVEN signaling axis as a key regulator of myocyte apoptosis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin People's Hospital, Xiangshan 541002, P.R. China
| | - Runqi Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin People's Hospital, Xiangshan 541002, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin People's Hospital, Xiangshan 541002, P.R. China
| | - Zengxue Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xing'an County People's Hospital, Xing'an, Guilin, Guangxi 541300, P.R. China
| | - Yangjie Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin People's Hospital, Xiangshan 541002, P.R. China
| | - Dun Tang
- Intensive Care Unit, Guilin People's Hospital, Xiangshan 541002, P.R. China
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Jiang Z, Lietz CB, Podvin S, Yoon MC, Toneff T, Hook V, O’Donoghue AJ. Differential Neuropeptidomes of Dense Core Secretory Vesicles (DCSV) Produced at Intravesicular and Extracellular pH Conditions by Proteolytic Processing. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2385-2398. [PMID: 34153188 PMCID: PMC8267839 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
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Neuropeptides mediate
cell–cell signaling in the nervous
and endocrine systems. The neuropeptidome is the spectrum of peptides
generated from precursors by proteolysis within dense core secretory
vesicles (DCSV). DCSV neuropeptides and contents are released to the
extracellular environment where further processing for neuropeptide
formation may occur. To assess the DCSV proteolytic capacity for production
of neuropeptidomes at intravesicular pH 5.5 and extracellular pH 7.2,
neuropeptidomics, proteomics, and protease assays were conducted using
chromaffin granules (CG) purified from adrenal medulla. CG are an
established model of DCSV. The CG neuropeptidome consisted of 1239
unique peptides derived from 15 proneuropeptides that were colocalized
with 64 proteases. Distinct CG neuropeptidomes were generated at the
internal DCSV pH of 5.5 compared to the extracellular pH of 7.2. Class-specific
protease inhibitors differentially regulated neuropeptidome production
involving aspartic, cysteine, serine, and metallo proteases. The substrate
cleavage properties of CG proteases were assessed by multiplex substrate
profiling by mass spectrometry (MSP-MS) that uses a synthetic peptide
library containing diverse cleavage sites for endopeptidases and exopeptidases.
Parallel inhibitor-sensitive cleavages for neuropeptidome production
and peptide library proteolysis led to elucidation of six CG proteases
involved in neuropeptidome production, represented by cathepsins A,
B, C, D, and L and carboxypeptidase E (CPE). The MSP-MS profiles of
these six enzymes represented the majority of CG proteolytic cleavages
utilized for neuropeptidome production. These findings provide new
insight into the DCSV proteolytic system for production of distinct
neuropeptidomes at the internal CG pH of 5.5 and at the extracellular
pH of 7.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenze Jiang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher B. Lietz
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Sonia Podvin
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael C. Yoon
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Thomas Toneff
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Zhang L, Jia X. Down-regulation of miR-30b-5p protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury by targeting Aven. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:61. [PMID: 31768184 PMCID: PMC6873433 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia/hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis has been considered as a main cause of myocardial infarction. Here, we aimed to investigate the functional role of miR-30b-5p in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Methods AC16 human cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxia to simulate myocardial infarction. A qRT-PCR assay was performed to determine miR-30b-5p expression in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Cell survival, injury and apoptosis were assessed by MTT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The target gene of miR-30b-5p in hypoxic cardiomyocytes was validated by luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting. Results MiR-30b-5p expression was found to be significantly upregulated in hypoxic AC16 cells. The in vitro experiments showed that downregulation of miR-30b-5p effectively alleviated hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Furthermore, Aven is a potential target gene of miR-30b-5p and its downregulation could partially reverse the influence of miR-30b-5p knockdown on AC16 cells under hypoxia. Conclusions Inhibition of miR-30b-5p could protect cardiomyocytes against hypoxia-induced injury by targeting Aven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000 Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000 Hebei People's Republic of China
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5
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Li Y, Liang P, Jiang B, Tang Y, Lv Q, Hao H, Liu Z, Xiao X. CARD9 inhibits mitochondria-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress via interacting with Apaf-1. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:172-181. [PMID: 31212066 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is known to contribute to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) play a role in cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. However, the role of CARD9 in apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in myocardial I/R injury and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, CARD9 expression was found to increase in H9c2 cells in response to hydrogen peroxide. Loss of CARD9 significantly increased caspase-3 activation and cardiomyocyte death following oxidative stress in vitro. Conversely, CARD9 overexpression decreased apoptosis as evidenced by a reduction in caspase-3 activation and the apoptotic rate. The caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of CARD9 was necessary for the protective effect of CARD9 against oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. CARD9 suppressed the activation of caspase-9 by interacting with Apaf-1 via its CARD domain in H9c2 cells exposed to H2O2. Ablation of caspase-9 activity by z-lehd-fmk effectively prevented the detrimental effect of CARD9 deficiency on cardiomyocytes. Wild-type (WT) and CARD9-/- mice were subjected to 30 min of left ascending coronary (LAD) ischemia and 12 h of reperfusion. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining analysis showed that CARD9-/- mice exhibited a significantly higher number of apoptotic-positive cells after myocardial I/R injury than the WT mice. These results suggest that CARD9 protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by interacting with Apaf-1 and interfering with apoptosome formation following myocardial I/R injury in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Qinglan Lv
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Hao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xianzhong Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
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Yang SJ, Yang SY, Wang DD, Chen X, Shen HY, Zhang XH, Zhong SL, Tang JH, Zhao JH. The miR-30 family: Versatile players in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692204. [PMID: 28347244 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA family, miR-30, plays diverse roles in regulating key aspects of neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and clinical outcomes in different types of tumors. Accumulating evidence proves that miR-30 family is pivotal in the breast cancer development by controlling critical signaling pathways and relevant oncogenes. Here, we review the roles of miR-30 family members in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer, and their application to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We think miR-30 family members would be promising biomarkers for breast cancer and may bring a novel insight in molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Yang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Yu Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Yu Shen
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan-Liang Zhong
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
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Cai Z, Liu H, Wu X. Forkhead-box transcription factor 1 affects the apoptosis of natural regulatory T cells by controlling Aven expression. BMC Immunol 2017; 18:16. [PMID: 28283017 PMCID: PMC5345239 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-017-0198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T (Treg) cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and organ transplantation. Forkhead box protein o1 (Foxo1) and IL-7Rα(CD127) are closely related to the homeostasis of Treg cells. However, the mechanism underlying Treg proliferation and activation remains unclear. Here, we evaluated how the over-expression of Foxo1 affects Treg cell proliferation via intracellular signaling. nTreg cells were transfected separately with Foxo1 and Aven small-interfering RNA (siRNA) or over-expression plasmid. The expression of signaling pathway genes and CD127 was confirmed using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. The expression of cell surface molecules and apoptosis was confirmed by Flow Cytometry 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide for cell proliferation assays. Results Foxo1 strengthened the proliferative ability of Treg cells by activating IL-7/CD127 signaling. In addition, Foxo1 suppressed Treg cell apoptosis by regulating Aven expression. Conclusions The results in this study indicated that Foxo1 is a positive regulatory factor for the proliferation and activity of Treg cells. Foxo1 might be a potential target for the activation of nTreg cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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TAILS N-Terminomics and Proteomics Show Protein Degradation Dominates over Proteolytic Processing by Cathepsins in Pancreatic Tumors. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1762-1773. [PMID: 27477282 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated cathepsin proteolysis occurs across numerous cancers, but in vivo substrates mediating tumorigenesis remain ill-defined. Applying 8-plex iTRAQ terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates (TAILS), a systems-level N-terminome degradomics approach, we identified cathepsin B, H, L, S, and Z in vivo substrates and cleavage sites with the use of six different cathepsin knockout genotypes in the Rip1-Tag2 mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumorigenesis. Among 1,935 proteins and 1,114 N termini identified by TAILS, stable proteolytic products were identified in wild-type tumors compared with one or more different cathepsin knockouts (17%-44% of 139 cleavages). This suggests a lack of compensation at the substrate level by other cathepsins. The majority of neo-N termini (56%-83%) for all cathepsins was consistent with protein degradation. We validated substrates, including the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 associated with the Warburg effect, the ER chaperone GRP78, and the oncoprotein prothymosin-alpha. Thus, the identification of cathepsin substrates in tumorigenesis improves the understanding of cathepsin functions in normal physiology and cancer.
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Enzymatically active cathepsin D sensitizes breast carcinoma cells to TRAIL. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10685-96. [PMID: 26867770 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CD), a ubiquitously expressed lysosomal aspartic protease, is upregulated in human breast carcinoma and many other tumor types. CD has been repeatedly reported to act as key mediator of apoptosis induced by various chemotherapeutics. However, there is still controversy over the role of enzymatic/proteolytic versus protein-protein interaction activities of CD in apoptotic signaling. The elucidation of molecular mechanism responsible for the effect of CD in the chemotherapy-induced cell death is crucial for development of an appropriate strategy to target this protease in cancer treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism behind the CD-mediated regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cell death. For this purpose, MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells with an increased level of wt CD (CD) or mutant enzymatically inactive CD (ΔCD) were subjected to TRAIL and the frequency of apoptosis was determined. Our results show that CD facilitates the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in enzymatic activity-dependent manner. Moreover, the importance of endosomal/lysosomal acidification in this process was documented. Analysis of the potential substrates specifically cleaved by CD during the TRAIL-induced apoptosis confirmed caspase-8 and Bid proteins as the CD targets. Moreover, in search for protein regulators of apoptosis that can be cleaved by CD at physiologically relevant pH, we identified the Bcl-2 protein as a suitable candidate. The modulatory role of CD in cell response to TRAIL was also confirmed in another breast cancer cell line SKBR3. These experiments identified the CD enzymatic activity as a new factor affecting sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TRAIL.
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Hall AM, Hemmer R, Spaulding R, Wetzel HN, Curcio J, Sabel BA, Henrich-Noack P, Pixley S, Hopkins T, Boyce RL, Schultheis PJ, Haik KL. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic gene expression in an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier following exposure to poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. J Drug Target 2015; 24:635-44. [PMID: 26707984 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1132222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Poly(butylcyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) and coated with polysorbate 80 (PS80) have shown efficacy in the treatment of rat glioblastoma. However, cytotoxicity of this treatment remains unclear. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate cytotoxicity and apoptotic gene expression using a proven in vitro co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier. Methods The co-cultures were exposed to uncoated PBCA NPs, PBCA-PS80 NPs or PBCA-PS80-DOX NPs at varying concentrations and evaluated using a resazurin-based cytotoxicity assay and an 84-gene apoptosis RT-PCR array. Results The cytotoxicity assays showed PBCA-PS80-DOX NPs exhibited a decrease in metabolic function at lower concentrations than uncoated PBCA NPs and PBCA-PS80 NPs. The apoptosis arrays showed differential expression of 18 genes in PBCA-PS80-DOX treated cells compared to the untreated control. Discussion As expected, the cytotoxicity assays demonstrated enhanced dose-dependent toxicity in the DOX loaded NPs. The differentially expressed apoptotic genes participate in both the tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 and mitochondria-associated apoptotic pathways implicated in current DOX chemotherapeutic toxicity. Conclusion The following data suggest that the cytotoxic effect may be attributed to DOX and not the NPs themselves, further supporting the use of PBCA-PS80 NPs as an effective drug delivery vehicle for treating central nervous system conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Hall
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA ;,b Department of Chemistry , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Ruth Hemmer
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Robert Spaulding
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Hanna N Wetzel
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Joseph Curcio
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Bernhard A Sabel
- c Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Petra Henrich-Noack
- c Institute of Medical Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany
| | - Sarah Pixley
- d Molecular and Cellular Physiology Department , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Tracy Hopkins
- d Molecular and Cellular Physiology Department , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Richard L Boyce
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Patrick J Schultheis
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
| | - Kristi L Haik
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Northern Kentucky University , Highland Heights , KY , USA
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Vezenkov LL, Sanchez CA, Bellet V, Martin V, Maynadier M, Bettache N, Lisowski V, Martinez J, Garcia M, Amblard M, Hernandez JF. Structure-Activity Relationships of JMV4463, a Vectorized Cathepsin D Inhibitor with Antiproliferative Properties: The Unique Role of the AMPA-Based Vector. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:302-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir L. Vezenkov
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Clément A. Sanchez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Virginie Bellet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Vincent Martin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Marie Maynadier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Vincent Lisowski
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Marcel Garcia
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Muriel Amblard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
| | - Jean-François Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247 CNRS; Université de Montpellier; ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie; 15 avenue Charles Flahault 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 France
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Thandapani P, Song J, Gandin V, Cai Y, Rouleau SG, Garant JM, Boisvert FM, Yu Z, Perreault JP, Topisirovic I, Richard S. Aven recognition of RNA G-quadruplexes regulates translation of the mixed lineage leukemia protooncogenes. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26267306 PMCID: PMC4561382 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4) are extremely stable secondary structures forming stacks of guanine tetrads. DNA G4 structures have been extensively studied, however, less is known about G4 motifs in mRNAs, especially in their coding sequences. Herein, we show that Aven stimulates the mRNA translation of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) proto-oncogene in an arginine methylation-dependent manner. The Aven RGG/RG motif bound G4 structures within the coding regions of the MLL1 and MLL4 mRNAs increasing their polysomal association and translation, resulting in the induction of transcription of leukemic genes. The DHX36 RNA helicase associated with the Aven complex and was required for optimal translation of G4 mRNAs. Depletion of Aven led to a decrease in synthesis of MLL1 and MLL4 proteins resulting in reduced proliferation of leukemic cells. These findings identify an Aven-centered complex that stimulates the translation of G4 harboring mRNAs, thereby promoting survival of leukemic cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06234.001 To make a protein, the DNA sequence that encodes it is first copied to make a molecule of messenger RNA (or mRNA for short). The mRNA is then used as a set of instructions to assemble a protein in a process called translation. Both DNA and RNA molecules can fold into particular shapes. One such structure is known as a G-quartet and involves the DNA or RNA folding back on itself to form a highly stable planar structure. Stacks of G-quartets can form structures known as G-quadruplexes, but little is known about the G-quadruplexes that form in mRNA molecules. Leukemia affects cells in the bone marrow and causes blood cells to develop abnormally. A protein called Aven is often found in increased amounts in certain types of leukemic cells, but it was not clear how Aven affects how leukemia develops. Thandapani, Song et al. have now found that in leukemic cells, Aven binds to G-quadruplexes found in two mRNA molecules that encode proteins that are linked to leukemia. This binding increases the translation of these mRNAs, with translation occurring most efficiently when a particular enzyme called a helicase—which remodels RNA—also bound to Aven. Reducing the amount of Aven in cells caused fewer of the leukemic proteins to be produced, which also reduced the growth and multiplcation of leukemic cells. These findings raise the possibility that drugs that disrupt how Aven works could form part of treatments for leukemia. The next challenge will be to identify the signaling pathways that communicate with Aven and to define all the G-quadruplex mRNAs that are regulated by Aven. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06234.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniraja Thandapani
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jingwen Song
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yutian Cai
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Samuel G Rouleau
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Francois-Michel Boisvert
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée au Cancer, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Zhenbao Yu
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Canada
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Swindell WR, Sarkar MK, Stuart PE, Voorhees JJ, Elder JT, Johnston A, Gudjonsson JE. Psoriasis drug development and GWAS interpretation through in silico analysis of transcription factor binding sites. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:13. [PMID: 25883770 PMCID: PMC4392043 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a cytokine-mediated skin disease that can be treated effectively with immunosuppressive biologic agents. These medications, however, are not equally effective in all patients and are poorly suited for treating mild psoriasis. To develop more targeted therapies, interfering with transcription factor (TF) activity is a promising strategy. Methods Meta-analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lesional skin from psoriasis patients (n = 237). We compiled a dictionary of 2935 binding sites representing empirically-determined binding affinities of TFs and unconventional DNA-binding proteins (uDBPs). This dictionary was screened to identify “psoriasis response elements” (PREs) overrepresented in sequences upstream of psoriasis DEGs. Results PREs are recognized by IRF1, ISGF3, NF-kappaB and multiple TFs with helix-turn-helix (homeo) or other all-alpha-helical (high-mobility group) DNA-binding domains. We identified a limited set of DEGs that encode proteins interacting with PRE motifs, including TFs (GATA3, EHF, FOXM1, SOX5) and uDBPs (AVEN, RBM8A, GPAM, WISP2). PREs were prominent within enhancer regions near cytokine-encoding DEGs (IL17A, IL19 and IL1B), suggesting that PREs might be incorporated into complex decoy oligonucleotides (cdODNs). To illustrate this idea, we designed a cdODN to concomitantly target psoriasis-activated TFs (i.e., FOXM1, ISGF3, IRF1 and NF-kappaB). Finally, we screened psoriasis-associated SNPs to identify risk alleles that disrupt or engender PRE motifs. This identified possible sites of allele-specific TF/uDBP binding and showed that PREs are disproportionately disrupted by psoriasis risk alleles. Conclusions We identified new TF/uDBP candidates and developed an approach that (i) connects transcriptome informatics to cdODN drug development and (ii) enhances our ability to interpret GWAS findings. Disruption of PRE motifs by psoriasis risk alleles may contribute to disease susceptibility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40169-015-0054-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
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Han KY, Hwang JW, Bae GU, Kim SN, Kim YK. Akt regulation of Aven contributes to the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3866-71. [PMID: 25573060 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, it was demonstrated that the protein level of the apoptosis inhibitor Aven is regulated by the Akt signaling pathway, evidenced by the observation that Aven levels were significantly increased in MCF7 constitutively active (CA)‑Akt cells and significantly inhibited following treatment with LY294002. This increase in Aven appears not to be mediated by transcriptional regulation and protein stabilization. However, the level of Aven was inversely correlated with the level of cathepsin D, which is a protease responsible for generating the C‑terminal of Aven, ΔN‑Aven, indicating that the level of Aven appears to be regulated by cathepsin D activity. It has previously been reported that ΔN‑Aven is the active form of Aven, which functions as an anti‑apoptotic molecule. Notably, low levels of ΔN‑Aven were detected in MCF7 CA‑Akt cells, which were more sensitive to anticancer drugs. Taken together, the current results suggest that the expression of Aven is regulated by the Akt signaling pathway through cathepsin D activity, which contributes to the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Youn Han
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Won Hwang
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140‑742, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung Institute, Gangneung, Gangwon‑do 210‑340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140‑742, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wrzaczek M, Vainonen JP, Stael S, Tsiatsiani L, Help-Rinta-Rahko H, Gauthier A, Kaufholdt D, Bollhöner B, Lamminmäki A, Staes A, Gevaert K, Tuominen H, Van Breusegem F, Helariutta Y, Kangasjärvi J. GRIM REAPER peptide binds to receptor kinase PRK5 to trigger cell death in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2014; 34:55-66. [PMID: 25398910 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of extracellular peptides by plasma membrane-localized receptor proteins is commonly used in signal transduction. In plants, very little is known about how extracellular peptides are processed and activated in order to allow recognition by receptors. Here, we show that induction of cell death in planta by a secreted plant protein GRIM REAPER (GRI) is dependent on the activity of the type II metacaspase METACASPASE-9. GRI is cleaved by METACASPASE-9 in vitro resulting in the release of an 11 amino acid peptide. This peptide bound in vivo to the extracellular domain of the plasma membrane-localized, atypical leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase POLLEN-SPECIFIC RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 5 (PRK5) and was sufficient to induce oxidative stress/ROS-dependent cell death. This shows a signaling pathway in plants from processing and activation of an extracellular protein to recognition by its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wrzaczek
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia P Vainonen
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Stael
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Liana Tsiatsiani
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hanna Help-Rinta-Rahko
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benjamin Bollhöner
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Airi Lamminmäki
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - An Staes
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ykä Helariutta
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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O'Shea LC, Hensey C, Fair T. Progesterone Regulation of AVEN Protects Bovine Oocytes from Apoptosis During Meiotic Maturation1. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:146. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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17
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O'Shea L, Fair T, Hensey C. Aven is dynamically regulated during Xenopus oocyte maturation and is required for oocyte survival. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e908. [PMID: 24201807 PMCID: PMC3847313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the expression and function of the cell death and cell cycle regulator Aven in Xenopus. Analysis of Xenopus Aven expression in oocytes and embryos revealed a band close to the predicted molecular weight of the protein (36 kDa) in addition to two bands of higher molecular weight (46 and 49 kDa), one of which was determined to be due to phosphorylation of the protein. The protein is primarily detected in the cytoplasm of oocytes and is tightly regulated during meiotic and mitotic cell cycles. Progesterone stimulation of oocytes resulted in a rapid loss of Aven expression with the protein levels recovering before germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This loss of Aven is required for the G2–M1 cell cycle transition. Aven morpholino knockdown experiments revealed that early depletion of the protein increases progesterone sensitivity and facilitates GVBD, but prolonged depletion of Aven results in caspase-3 activation and oocyte death by apoptosis. Phosphorylated Aven (46 kDa) was found to bind Bcl-xL in oocytes, but this interaction was lost in apoptotic oocytes. Thus, Aven alters progesterone sensitivity in oocytes and is critical for oocyte survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O'Shea
- UCD School of Bimolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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Maynadier M, Vezenkov LL, Amblard M, Martin V, Gandreuil C, Vaillant O, Gary-Bobo M, Basile I, Hernandez JF, Garcia M, Martinez J. Dipeptide mimic oligomer transporter mediates intracellular delivery of Cathepsin D inhibitors: a potential target for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2013; 171:251-7. [PMID: 23899821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Implication of the intracellular proteolytic activity of Cathepsin D (CathD), a lysosomal aspartyl-protease overexpressed in numerous solid tumors, has been evidenced on tumor growth. Its intracellular inhibition by potent inhibitors such as pepstatin constitutes a relevant but challenging molecular target. Indeed the potential of pepstatin as a therapeutic molecule is hampered by its too low intracellular penetration. We addressed this limitation by designing and developing a bioconjugate combining a pepstatin derivative with a new vector of cell penetration (CPNP) specifically targeting the endolysosomal compartment. We showed that this pepstatin conjugate (JMV4463) exhibited high anti-proliferative effect on tumor cell cultures via intracellular CathD inhibition and altered cell cycle associated with apoptotic events in vitro. When tested in mice xenografted with breast cancer cells, JMV4463 delayed tumor emergence and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Maynadier
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR5247 CNRS Universités Montpellier 1 et 2, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34000 Montpellier, France
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19
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Sun H, Lou X, Shan Q, Zhang J, Zhu X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xie Y, Xu N, Liu S. Proteolytic characteristics of cathepsin D related to the recognition and cleavage of its target proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65733. [PMID: 23840360 PMCID: PMC3688724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CD) plays an important role in both biological and pathological processes, although the cleavage characteristics and substrate selection of CD have yet to be fully explored. We employed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the CD cleavage sites in bovine serum albumin (BSA). We found that the hydrophobic residues at P1 were not only a preferential factor for CD cleavage but that the hydrophobicity at P1’ also contributed to CD recognition. The concept of hydrophobic scores of neighbors (HSN) was proposed to describe the hydrophobic microenvironment of CD recognition sites. The survey of CD cleavage characteristics in several proteins suggested that the HSN was a sensitive indicator for judging the favorable sites in peptides for CD cleavage, with HSN values of 0.5–1.0 representing a likely threshold. Ovalbumin (OVA), a protein resistant to CD cleavage in its native state, was easily cleaved by CD after denaturation, and the features of the cleaved peptides were quite similar to those found in BSA, where a higher HSN value indicated greater cleavability. We further conducted two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) to find more proteins that were insensitive to CD cleavage in CD-knockdown cells. Based on an analysis of secondary and three-dimensional structures, we postulated that intact proteins with a structure consisting of all α-helices would be relatively accessible to CD cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Sun
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Lou
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Beijing Protein Innovation, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (NX); (SL)
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (NX); (SL)
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20
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Eißmann M, Schwamb B, Melzer IM, Moser J, Siele D, Köhl U, Rieker RJ, Wachter DL, Agaimy A, Herpel E, Baumgarten P, Mittelbronn M, Rakel S, Kögel D, Böhm S, Gutschner T, Diederichs S, Zörnig M. A functional yeast survival screen of tumor-derived cDNA libraries designed to identify anti-apoptotic mammalian oncogenes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64873. [PMID: 23717670 PMCID: PMC3661464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast cells can be killed upon expression of pro-apoptotic mammalian proteins. We have established a functional yeast survival screen that was used to isolate novel human anti-apoptotic genes overexpressed in treatment-resistant tumors. The screening of three different cDNA libraries prepared from metastatic melanoma, glioblastomas and leukemic blasts allowed for the identification of many yeast cell death-repressing cDNAs, including 28% of genes that are already known to inhibit apoptosis, 35% of genes upregulated in at least one tumor entity and 16% of genes described as both anti-apoptotic in function and upregulated in tumors. These results confirm the great potential of this screening tool to identify novel anti-apoptotic and tumor-relevant molecules. Three of the isolated candidate genes were further analyzed regarding their anti-apoptotic function in cell culture and their potential as a therapeutic target for molecular therapy. PAICS, an enzyme required for de novo purine biosynthesis, the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and the MAST2 kinase are overexpressed in certain tumor entities and capable of suppressing apoptosis in human cells. Using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model, we also demonstrated that glioblastoma tumor growth requires MAST2 expression. An additional advantage of the yeast survival screen is its universal applicability. By using various inducible pro-apoptotic killer proteins and screening the appropriate cDNA library prepared from normal or pathologic tissue of interest, the survival screen can be used to identify apoptosis inhibitors in many different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Eißmann
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bettina Schwamb
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Inga Maria Melzer
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Julia Moser
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Dagmar Siele
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Baumgarten
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Rakel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Tony Gutschner
- Helmholtz-University-Group Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Helmholtz-University-Group Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ouzounova M, Vuong T, Ancey PB, Ferrand M, Durand G, Le-Calvez Kelm F, Croce C, Matar C, Herceg Z, Hernandez-Vargas H. MicroRNA miR-30 family regulates non-attachment growth of breast cancer cells. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:139. [PMID: 23445407 PMCID: PMC3602027 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of breast cancer cells displays increased ability to self-renew and reproduce breast cancer heterogeneity. The characterization of these so-called putative breast tumor-initiating cells (BT-ICs) may open the road for novel therapeutic strategies. As microRNAs (miRNAs) control developmental programs in stem cells, BT-ICs may also rely on specific miRNA profiles for their sustained activity. To explore the notion that miRNAs may have a role in sustaining BT-ICs, we performed a comprehensive profiling of miRNA expression in a model of putative BT-ICs enriched by non-attachment growth conditions. RESULTS We found breast cancer cells grown under non-attachment conditions display a unique pattern of miRNA expression, highlighted by a marked low expression of miR-30 family members relative to parental cells. We further show that miR-30a regulates non-attachment growth. A target screening revealed that miR-30 family redundantly modulates the expression of apoptosis and proliferation-related genes. At least one of these targets, the anti-apoptotic protein AVEN, was able to partially revert the effect of miR-30a overexpression. Finally, overexpression of miR-30a in vivo was associated with reduced breast tumor progression. CONCLUSIONS miR30-family regulates the growth of breast cancer cells in non-attachment conditions. This is the first analysis of target prediction in a whole family of microRNAs potentially involved in survival of putative BT-ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ouzounova
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 150 rue Albert-Thomas, Lyon, 69008, France
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22
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Telles MPC, Silva JB, Resende LV, Vianello RP, Chaves LJ, Soares TN, Collevatti RG. Development and characterization of new microsatellites for Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae). GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:3124-7. [PMID: 23420405 DOI: 10.4238/2013.february.6.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellite markers were developed for population genetic analyses of the Neotropical tree Eugenia dysenterica DC (Myrtaceae), after construction of a shotgun genomic library for microsatellite discovery. Nine primers were designed, of which 5 yielded amplified product. These primers were polymorphic for 97 individuals collected in 3 distinct localities. The number of alleles per locus (primer) ranged from 3 to 11 and expected heterozygosities varied from 0.309 to 0.884. The probability of locus identity was ~1.88 x 10(-4) and the probability of paternity exclusion was ~0.9367. The 5 microsatellite primer pairs may be suitable for population genetic studies such as parentage and fine-scale genetic analyses of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P C Telles
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Yao T, Mo S, Liu L, Lu H, Huang M, Lin Z. 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine may influence the proliferation and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via demethylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2013; 12:312-8. [DOI: 10.4238/2013.february.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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