1
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Groen K, Steffens Reinhardt L, Bourdon JC, Avery-Kiejda KA. It is not all about the alpha: elevated expression of p53β variants is associated with lower probability of survival in a retrospective melanoma cohort. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37794430 PMCID: PMC10548590 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the deadliest type of skin cancer and despite improvements in treatment outcomes, melanoma claimed 57,043 lives in 2020. In most malignancies, p53 mutation rates are above 50% and provide prognostic indications. However, in melanoma where less than a quarter of cases harbour a p53 mutation, the significance of the tumour suppressor may be questioned. Instead, p53 isoforms, which modulate p53's canonical function, may be of greater clinical importance. METHODS The expression of p53 isoforms was evaluated in 123 melanoma specimens by immunohistochemistry using p53 isoform-specific antibodies (DO-1, KJC8, KJC40, and KJC133). To determine whether TP53 mutations may be driving p53 isoform expression, TP53 was sequenced in 30 FFPE melanoma samples. RESULTS The C-terminally truncated p53β isoforms (KJC8) were found to be the most highly expressed p53 isoforms compared to all other isoforms. Further, elevated KJC8 staining was found to correlate with reduced probability of melanoma-specific survival, while KJC40 staining (Δ40p53) positively correlated with reduced melanoma thickness. TAp53 isoforms (p53 retaining both transactivation domains, DO-1), were the second highest p53 isoforms expressed across all samples. Elevated DO-1 staining was also associated with worse survival outcomes and more advanced stages of cancer. Given that the isoforms are likely to work in concert, composite isoform profiles were generated. Composite biomarker profiles revealed that elevated TAp53 (DO-1) and p53β (KJC8) expression, accompanied by low Δ40p53 (KJC40) and Δ133p53 (KJC133) expression was associated with the worst survival outcomes. Supporting the lack of predictive biomarker potential of TP53 in melanoma, no clinicopathological or p53 isoform expression associations could be linked to TP53 status. CONCLUSIONS Given the lack of prognostic biomarker potential derived from TP53 status, this study highlights how p53 isoform expression might progress this field and, pending further validation, may provide additional information to treating oncologists that might be factored into treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Groen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kelly A Avery-Kiejda
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 3 West, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
- Cancer Detection & Therapy Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Wojtyś W, Oroń M. How Driver Oncogenes Shape and Are Shaped by Alternative Splicing Mechanisms in Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112918. [PMID: 37296881 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of RNA sequencing methods has allowed us to study and better understand the landscape of aberrant pre-mRNA splicing in tumors. Altered splicing patterns are observed in many different tumors and affect all hallmarks of cancer: growth signal independence, avoidance of apoptosis, unlimited proliferation, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metabolism. In this review, we focus on the interplay between driver oncogenes and alternative splicing in cancer. On one hand, oncogenic proteins-mutant p53, CMYC, KRAS, or PI3K-modify the alternative splicing landscape by regulating expression, phosphorylation, and interaction of splicing factors with spliceosome components. Some splicing factors-SRSF1 and hnRNPA1-are also driver oncogenes. At the same time, aberrant splicing activates key oncogenes and oncogenic pathways: p53 oncogenic isoforms, the RAS-RAF-MAPK pathway, the PI3K-mTOR pathway, the EGF and FGF receptor families, and SRSF1 splicing factor. The ultimate goal of cancer research is a better diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. In the final part of this review, we discuss present therapeutic opportunities and possible directions of further studies aiming to design therapies targeting alternative splicing mechanisms in the context of driver oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wojtyś
- Laboratory of Human Disease Multiomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Oroń
- Laboratory of Human Disease Multiomics, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Liu Y, Ma G, Gao Z, Li J, Wang J, Zhu X, Ma R, Yang J, Zhou Y, Hu K, Zhang Y, Guo Y. Global chromosome rearrangement induced by CRISPR-Cas9 reshapes the genome and transcriptome of human cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3456-3474. [PMID: 35244719 PMCID: PMC8989517 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome rearrangement plays important roles in development, carcinogenesis and evolution. However, its mechanism and subsequent effects are not fully understood. Large-scale chromosome rearrangement has been performed in the simple eukaryote, wine yeast, but the relative research in mammalian cells remains at the level of individual chromosome rearrangement due to technical limitations. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to target the highly repetitive human endogenous retrotransposons, LINE-1 and Alu, resulting in a large number of DNA double-strand breaks in the chromosomes. While this operation killed the majority of the cells, we eventually obtained live cell groups. Karyotype analysis and genome re-sequencing proved that we have achieved global chromosome rearrangement (GCR) in human cells. The copy number variations of the GCR genomes showed typical patterns observed in tumor genomes. The ATAC-seq and RNA-seq further revealed that the epigenetic and transcriptomic landscapes were deeply reshaped by GCR. Gene expressions related to p53 pathway, DNA repair, cell cycle and apoptosis were greatly altered to facilitate the cell survival. Our study provided a new application of CRISPR-Cas9 and a practical approach for GCR in complex mammalian genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guangwei Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Zenghong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiangping Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ruowu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yiting Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yabin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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4
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Gong X, Tian M, Cao N, Yang P, Xu Z, Zheng S, Liao Q, Chen C, Zeng C, Jose PA, Wang DZ, Jian Z, Xiao Y, Jiang DS, Wei X, Zhang B, Wang Y, Chen K, Wu G, Zeng C. Circular RNA circEsyt2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling via splicing regulation. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:147031. [PMID: 34907911 DOI: 10.1172/jci147031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently recognized as playing a role in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling-related diseases by modulating the functions of miRNAs. However, the interplay between circRNAs and proteins during vascular remodeling remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated a previously identified circRNA, circEsyt2, whose expression is known to be upregulated during vascular remodeling. Loss- and gain-of‑function mutation analyses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) revealed that circEsyt2 enhanced cell proliferation and migration and inhibited apoptosis and differentiation. Furthermore, the silencing of circEsyt2 in vivo reduced neointima formation, while circEsyt2 overexpression enhanced neointimal hyperplasia in the injured carotid artery, confirming its role in vascular remodeling. Using unbiased protein-RNA screening and molecular validation, circEsyt2 was found to directly interact with polyC-binding protein 1 (PCBP1), an RNA splicing factor, and regulate PCBP1 intracellular localization. Additionally, circEsyt2 silencing substantially enhanced p53β splicing via the PCBP1-U2AF65 interaction, leading to the altered expression of p53 target genes (cyclin D1, p21, PUMA, and NOXA) and the decreased proliferation of VSMCs. Thus, we identified a potentially novel circRNA that regulated vascular remodeling, via altered RNA splicing, in atherosclerotic mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Peili Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Cindy Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhao Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingbin Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gengze Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China.,Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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5
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Gudikote JP, Cascone T, Poteete A, Sitthideatphaiboon P, Wu Q, Morikawa N, Zhang F, Peng S, Tong P, Li L, Shen L, Nilsson M, Jones P, Sulman EP, Wang J, Bourdon JC, Johnson FM, Heymach JV. Inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay rescues p53β/γ isoform expression and activates the p53 pathway in MDM2-overexpressing and select p53-mutant cancers. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101163. [PMID: 34481841 PMCID: PMC8569473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of p53 is present in almost every tumor, and hence, p53-reactivation strategies are an important aspect of cancer therapy. Common mechanisms for p53 loss in cancer include expression of p53-negative regulators such as MDM2, which mediate the degradation of wildtype p53 (p53α), and inactivating mutations in the TP53 gene. Currently, approaches to overcome p53 deficiency in these cancers are limited. Here, using non–small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma multiforme cell line models, we show that two alternatively spliced, functional truncated isoforms of p53 (p53β and p53γ, comprising exons 1 to 9β or 9γ, respectively) and that lack the C-terminal MDM2-binding domain have markedly reduced susceptibility to MDM2-mediated degradation but are highly susceptible to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), a regulator of aberrant mRNA stability. In cancer cells harboring MDM2 overexpression or TP53 mutations downstream of exon 9, NMD inhibition markedly upregulates p53β and p53γ and restores activation of the p53 pathway. Consistent with p53 pathway activation, NMD inhibition induces tumor suppressive activities such as apoptosis, reduced cell viability, and enhanced tumor radiosensitivity, in a relatively p53-dependent manner. In addition, NMD inhibition also inhibits tumor growth in a MDM2-overexpressing xenograft tumor model. These results identify NMD inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for restoration of p53 function in p53-deficient tumors bearing MDM2 overexpression or p53 mutations downstream of exon 9, subgroups that comprise approximately 6% of all cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi P Gudikote
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alissa Poteete
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Piyada Sitthideatphaiboon
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qiuyu Wu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Naoto Morikawa
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fahao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaohua Peng
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lerong Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Monique Nilsson
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phillip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Brain and Spine Tumor Center, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Cellular Division, Ninewells Hospital Campus, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Faye M Johnson
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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6
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Lopriore P, Capitanio N, Panatta E, Di Daniele N, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 regulates ATP7A: possible implications for ageing-related diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3745-3760. [PMID: 30530920 PMCID: PMC6326685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p73 controls a wide range of cellular function. Deletion of p73 in mice results in increased tumorigenesis, infertility, neurological defects and altered immune system. Despite the extensive effort directed to define the molecular underlying mechanism of p73 function a clear definition of its transcriptional signature and the extent of overlap with the other p53 family members is still missing. Here we describe a novel TAp73 target, ATP7A a member of a large family of P-type ATPases implicated in human neurogenerative conditions and cancer chemoresistance. Modulation of TAp73 expression influences basal expression level of ATP7A in different cellular models and chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed a physical direct binding of TAp73 on ATP7A genomic regions. Bioinformatic analysis of expression profile datasets of human lung cancer patients suggests a possible implication of TAp73/ATP7A axis in human cancer. These data provide a novel TAp73-dependent target which might have implications in ageing-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
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7
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Influence of p53 Isoform Expression on Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5244. [PMID: 30918304 PMCID: PMC6437169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterised by alterations in the p53 pathway. The expression levels of p53 isoforms have been shown to be associated with patient survival in several cancers. This study examined the predictive and prognostic effects of the expression levels of TP53 pre-mRNA splicing isoforms and TP53 mutations in tumour tissues in 40 chemotherapy responders and 29 non-responders with HGSOC. The mRNA expression levels from total p53, and total Δ133p53, p53β, p53γ isoforms were determined by RT-qPCR, and TP53 mutation status by targeted massive parallel sequencing. The results from these analyses were correlated with the clinical outcome parameters. No differential expression of p53 isoforms could be detected between the chemosensitive and chemoresistant subgroups. In a multivariate Cox regression model, high levels of total Δ133p53 were found to be an independent prognosticator for improved overall survival (HR = 0.422, p = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.207–0.861) and reached borderline significance for progression-free survival (HR = 0.569, p = 0.061, 95% CI: 0.315–1.027). TP53 mutations resulting in loss of function or located at known hotspots were predictive of tumour characteristics and disease progression. These findings suggest that total Δ133p53 mRNA can be a biomarker for survival in HGSOC.
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8
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Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterised by alterations in the p53 pathway. The expression levels of p53 isoforms have been shown to be associated with patient survival in several cancers. This study examined the predictive and prognostic effects of the expression levels of TP53 pre-mRNA splicing isoforms and TP53 mutations in tumour tissues in 40 chemotherapy responders and 29 non-responders with HGSOC. The mRNA expression levels from total p53, and total Δ133p53, p53β, p53γ isoforms were determined by RT-qPCR, and TP53 mutation status by targeted massive parallel sequencing. The results from these analyses were correlated with the clinical outcome parameters. No differential expression of p53 isoforms could be detected between the chemosensitive and chemoresistant subgroups. In a multivariate Cox regression model, high levels of total Δ133p53 were found to be an independent prognosticator for improved overall survival (HR = 0.422, p = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.207-0.861) and reached borderline significance for progression-free survival (HR = 0.569, p = 0.061, 95% CI: 0.315-1.027). TP53 mutations resulting in loss of function or located at known hotspots were predictive of tumour characteristics and disease progression. These findings suggest that total Δ133p53 mRNA can be a biomarker for survival in HGSOC.
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9
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Sun P, Zhao M, Su Z, Jin X, Song W. p53β: a new prognostic marker for patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma from 5.3 years of median follow-up. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:368-374. [PMID: 29346503 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported six different p53 isoforms in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, influences of p53β on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Patients diagnosed with RCC in our center were into this study. mRNA expressions of p53 isoforms (p53α, p53β, p53γ) in tumors were determined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Functional yeast-based assay was performed to analyze p53 mutational status. p53β transfected 786-O and CAKi-1 cells were cultured to examine expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (bax) and caspase-3, and ratios of apoptosis. After surgeries, all patients were followed up at programmed intervals. 266 patients were analyzed in this study. Median follow-up time was 5.3 years. RT-PCR (r = -0.72, P = 0.016) and real-time PCR (r = -0.65, P = 0.033) both showed only p53β expressed higher level in lower tumor stage versus higher stage. p53 wild-type and p53 mutation had comparable RFS (P = 0.361) and OS (P = 0.218), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed high p53β expression was associated with significantly improved RFS and OS, regardless of p53 mutational status. High p53β expression indicated better RFS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.599, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.472-4.551, P = 0.038] and OS (HR 2.604, 95% CI 1.453-4.824, P = 0.031). p53β transfected 786-O and CAKi-1 cells expressed significantly higher level of bax and caspase-3, and had higher ratios of apoptosis than untransfected cells. Taken together, higher level of p53β predict better prognosis in patients with RCC through enhancing apoptosis in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Miaoqing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhui Su
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Song
- Minimally Invasive Urology Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Alternative splicing and cancer metastasis: prognostic and therapeutic applications. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:393-402. [PMID: 29845349 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9905-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cells exhibit an extraordinary phenotypic plasticity, not only in adapting to unfamiliar microenvironments but also in surviving aggressive treatments and immune responses. A major source of phenotypic variability is alternative splicing (AS) of the pre-messenger RNA. This process is catalyzed by one of the most complex pieces of cellular molecular regulatory events, the spliceosome, which is composed of ribonucleoproteins and polypeptides termed spliceosome factors. With strong evidence indicating that AS affects nearly all genes encoded by the human genome, aberrant AS programs have a significant impact on cancer cell development and progression. In this review, we present insights about the genomic and epigenomic factors affecting AS, summarize the most recent findings linking aberrant AS to metastatic progression, and highlight potential prognostic and therapeutic applications.
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11
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Regina C, Compagnone M, Peschiaroli A, Lena A, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Piro MC, Melino G, Candi E. Setdb1, a novel interactor of ΔNp63, is involved in breast tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28836-48. [PMID: 26840455 PMCID: PMC5045360 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ΔNp63 has been recently involved in self-renewal potential of breast cancer stem cells. Although the p63 transcriptional profile has been extensively characterized, our knowledge of the p63-binding partners potentially involved in the regulation of breast tumour progression is limited. Here, we performed the yeast two hybrid approach to identify p63α interactors involved in breast tumorigenesis and we found that SETDB1, a histone lysine methyl transferases, interacts with ΔNp63α and that this interaction contributes to p63 protein stability. SETDB1 is often amplified in primary breast tumours, and its depletion confers to breast cancer cells growth disadvantage. We identified a list of thirty genes repressed by ΔNp63 in a SETDB1-dependent manner, whose expression is positively correlated to survival of breast cancer patients. These results suggest that p63 and SETDB1 expression, together with the repressed genes, may have diagnostic and prognostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Regina
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - AnnaMaria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Agostini M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Rufini A. Metabolic pathways regulated by TAp73 in response to oxidative stress. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29881-900. [PMID: 27119504 PMCID: PMC5058650 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are involved in both physiological and pathological processes including neurodegeneration and cancer. Therefore, cells have developed scavenging mechanisms to maintain redox homeostasis under control. Tumor suppressor genes play a critical role in the regulation of antioxidant genes. Here, we investigated whether the tumor suppressor gene TAp73 is involved in the regulation of metabolic adaptations triggered in response to oxidative stress. H2O2 treatment resulted in numerous biochemical changes in both control and TAp73 knockout (TAp73−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, however the extent of these changes was more pronounced in TAp73−/− cells when compared to control cells. In particular, loss of TAp73 led to alterations in glucose, nucleotide and amino acid metabolism. In addition, H2O2 treatment resulted in increased pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity in null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Overall, our results suggest that in the absence of TAp73, H2O2 treatment results in an enhanced oxidative environment, and at the same time in an increased pro-anabolic phenotype. In conclusion, the metabolic profile observed reinforces the role of TAp73 as tumor suppressor and indicates that TAp73 exerts this function, at least partially, by regulation of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Department of Cancer Studies, CRUK Leicester Cancer Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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13
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Cowen LE, Tang Y. Identification of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway as a critical regulator of p53 isoform β. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17535. [PMID: 29235495 PMCID: PMC5727530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human TP53 gene encodes the tumor suppressor p53 and, via alternative splicing, the p53β and γ isoforms. Numerous studies have shown that p53β/γ can modulate p53 functions and are critically involved in regulation of cellular response to stress conditions. However, it is not fully understood how the β and γ isoforms are regulated following splicing. Using gene targeting and RNAi, we showed that depletion of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) factor SMG7 or UPF1 significantly induced p53β but had minimal effect on p53γ. Sequence analysis reveals the presence of unique features – key hallmarks of NMD targets in the p53β transcript, which was further confirmed in NMD reporter gene assays. By manipulating splicing components, we found that NMD activities are crucial to control p53β levels under conditions that favor its splicing. Our data demonstrate that the NMD and alternative splicing pathways regulate p53β in a synergistic manner, and NMD plays a critical role in the determination of the p53β following its splicing. As aberrant p53β expression and dysfunctional NMD are both implicated in cancers, our studies may provide a novel insight into the regulation of p53β in tumorigenic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Cowen
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College 47 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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14
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p73 promotes glioblastoma cell invasion by directly activating POSTN (periostin) expression. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11785-802. [PMID: 26930720 PMCID: PMC4914248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme is one of the most highly metastatic cancers and constitutes 70% of all gliomas. Despite aggressive treatments these tumours have an exceptionally bad prognosis, mainly due to therapy resistance and tumour recurrence. Here we show that the transcription factor p73 confers an invasive phenotype by directly activating expression of POSTN (periostin, HGNC:16953) in glioblastoma cells. Knock down of endogenous p73 reduces invasiveness and chemo-resistance, and promotes differentiation in vitro. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays we demonstrate that POSTN, an integrin binding protein that has recently been shown to play a major role in metastasis, is a transcriptional target of TAp73. We further show that POSTN overexpression is sufficient to rescue the invasive phenotype of glioblastoma cells after p73 knock down. Additionally, bioinformatics analysis revealed that an intact p73/POSTN axis, where POSTN and p73 expression is correlated, predicts bad prognosis in several cancer types. Taken together, our results support a novel role of TAp73 in controlling glioblastoma cell invasion by regulating the expression of the matricellular protein POSTN.
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15
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Marini A, Lena AM, Panatta E, Ivan C, Han L, Liang H, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Di Daniele N, Calin GA, Candi E, Melino G. Ultraconserved long non-coding RNA uc.63 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:35669-35680. [PMID: 27447964 PMCID: PMC5482607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcribed-ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) encoded by a subset of long ultraconserved stretches in the human genome. Recent studies revealed that the expression of several T-UCRs is altered in cancer and growing evidences underline the importance of T-UCRs in oncogenesis, offering also potential new strategies for diagnosis and prognosis. We found that overexpression of one specific T-UCRs named uc.63 is associated with bad outcome in luminal A subtype of breast cancer patients. uc.63 is localized in the third intron of exportin-1 gene (XPO1) and is transcribed in the same orientation of its host gene. Interestingly, silencing of uc.63 induces apoptosis in vitro. However, silencing of host gene XPO1 does not cause the same effect suggesting that the transcription of uc.63 is independent of XPO1. Our results reveal an important role of uc.63 in promoting breast cancer cells survival and offer the prospect to identify a signature associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Marini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leng Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and The Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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16
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Kędzierska H, Piekiełko-Witkowska A. Splicing factors of SR and hnRNP families as regulators of apoptosis in cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 396:53-65. [PMID: 28315432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SR and hnRNP proteins were initially discovered as regulators of alternative splicing: the process of controlled removal of introns and selective joining of exons through which multiple transcripts and, subsequently, proteins can be expressed from a single gene. Alternative splicing affects genes involved in all crucial cellular processes, including apoptosis. During cancerogenesis impaired apoptotic control facilitates survival of cells bearing molecular aberrations, contributing to their unrestricted proliferation and chemoresistance. Apparently, SR and hnRNP proteins regulate all levels of expression of apoptotic genes, including transcription initiation and elongation, alternative splicing, mRNA stability, translation, and protein degradation. The frequently disturbed expressions of SR/hnRNP proteins in cancers lead to impaired functioning of target apoptotic genes, including regulators of the extrinsic (Fas, caspase-8, caspase-2, c-FLIP) and the intrinsic pathway (Apaf-1, caspase-9, ICAD), genes encoding Bcl-2 proteins, IAPs, and p53 tumor suppressor. Prototypical members of SR/hnRNP families, SRSF1 and hnRNP A1, promote synthesis of anti-apoptotic splice variants of Bcl-x and Mcl-1, which results in attenuation of programmed cell death in breast cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia. SR/hnRNP proteins significantly affect responses to chemotherapy, acting as mediators or modulators of drug-induced apoptosis. Aberrant expression of SRSF1 and hnRNP K can interfere with tumor responses to chemotherapy in pancreatic and liver cancers. Currently, a number of splicing factor inhibitors is being tested in pre-clinical and clinical trials. In this review we discuss recent findings on the role of SR and hnRNP proteins in apoptotic control in cancer cells as well as their significance in anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kędzierska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, ul. Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Vikhreva P, Petrova V, Gokbulut T, Pestlikis I, Mancini M, Di Daniele N, Knight RA, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 upregulates IL-1β in cancer cells: Potential biomarker in lung and breast cancer? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:498-505. [PMID: 28212736 PMCID: PMC5243147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
p73 is a transcription factor belonging to the p53 tumour suppressor family. p73−/− mice exhibit a range of phenotypes including neurological, reproductive and inflammatory defects. Although the role of p73 in the control of genomic stability explains part of these phenotypes, a clear mechanism of how p73 participates in the inflammatory response is still elusive. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has a crucial role in mediating the inflammatory response. Because of its high potency to induce inflammation, the activation and secretion of IL-1β is tightly regulated by large protein complexes, named inflammasomes. Inflammasomes regulate activation of proinflammatory caspase-1, which in turn proteolytically processes its substrates, including pro-IL-1β. Caspase-1 gene transcription is strongly activated by p53 protein family members including p73. Here, we have addressed whether p73 might be directly involved in IL-1β regulation and therefore in the control of the inflammatory response. Our results show that TAp73β upregulates pro-IL-1β mRNA and processed IL-1β protein. In addition, analysis of breast and lung cancer patient cohorts demonstrated that interaction between p73 and IL-1β predicts a negative survival outcome in these human cancers. The p53 family member p73 controls a wide a range of biological processes required for its tumour suppressor functions. p73 regulates IL-1β expression, thus potentially affecting inflammasomes and inflammatory response. p73/IL-1β axis correlates with poor prognosis in lung and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Vikhreva
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Varvara Petrova
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Tarik Gokbulut
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilias Pestlikis
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Mara Mancini
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of System Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, United Kingdom.
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18
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Abstract
It is poorly understood how a single protein, p53, can be responsive to so many stress signals and orchestrates very diverse cell responses to maintain/restore cell/tissue functions. The uncovering that TP53 gene physiologically expresses, in a tissue-dependent manner, several p53 splice variants (isoforms) provides an explanation to its pleiotropic biological activities. Here, we summarize a decade of research on p53 isoforms. The clinical studies and the diverse cellular and animal models of p53 isoforms (zebrafish, Drosophila, and mouse) lead us to realize that a p53-mediated cell response is, in fact, the sum of the intrinsic activities of the coexpressed p53 isoforms and that unbalancing expression of different p53 isoforms leads to cancer, premature aging, (neuro)degenerative diseases, inflammation, embryo malformations, or defects in tissue regeneration. Cracking the p53 isoforms' code is, thus, a necessary step to improve cancer treatment. It also opens new exciting perspectives in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien M Joruiz
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Bourdon
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
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19
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Bongiorno-Borbone L, Giacobbe A, Compagnone M, Eramo A, De Maria R, Peschiaroli A, Melino G. Anti-tumoral effect of desmethylclomipramine in lung cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26219257 PMCID: PMC4627282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most feared of all cancers because of its heterogeneity and resistance to available treatments. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cell population responsible for lung cancer chemoresistance and are a very good model for testing new targeted therapies. Clomipramine is an FDA-approved antidepressant drug, able to inhibit in vitro the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch and potentiate the pro-apoptotic effects of DNA damaging induced agents in several cancer cell lines. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of desmethylclomipramine (DCMI), the active metabolite of Clomipramine, on the CSCs homeostasis. We show that DCMI inhibits lung CSCs growth, decreases their stemness potential and increases the cytotoxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Being DCMI an inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, we also verified the effect of Itch deregulation on CSCs survival. We found that the siRNA-mediated depletion of Itch induces similar anti-proliferative effects on lung CSCs, suggesting that DCMI might exert its effect, at least in part, by inhibiting Itch. Notably, Itch expression is a negative prognostic factor in two primary lung tumors datasets, supporting the potential clinical relevance of Itch inhibition to circumvent drug resistance in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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20
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Velletri T, Xie N, Wang Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Chen X, Chen Q, Shou P, Gan Y, Cao G, Melino G, Shi Y. P53 functional abnormality in mesenchymal stem cells promotes osteosarcoma development. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2015. [PMID: 26775693 PMCID: PMC4816167 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that p53 has a critical role in the differentiation and functionality of various multipotent progenitor cells. P53 mutations can lead to genome instability and subsequent functional alterations and aberrant transformation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The significance of p53 in safeguarding our body from developing osteosarcoma (OS) is well recognized. During bone remodeling, p53 has a key role in negatively regulating key factors orchestrating the early stages of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Interestingly, changes in the p53 status can compromise bone homeostasis and affect the tumor microenvironment. This review aims to provide a unique opportunity to study the p53 function in MSCs and OS. In the context of loss of function of p53, we provide a model for two sources of OS: MSCs as progenitor cells of osteoblasts and bone tumor microenvironment components. Standing at the bone remodeling point of view, in this review we will first explain the determinant function of p53 in OS development. We will then summarize the role of p53 in monitoring MSC fidelity and in regulating MSC differentiation programs during osteogenesis. Finally, we will discuss the importance of loss of p53 function in tissue microenvironment. We expect that the information provided herein could lead to better understanding and treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Velletri
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - N Xie
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Torvergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Q Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - X Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Q Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - P Shou
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Y Gan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - G Cao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - G Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Torvergata, Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Y Shi
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Soochow Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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21
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Nicolai S, Pieraccioli M, Peschiaroli A, Melino G, Raschellà G. Neuroblastoma: oncogenic mechanisms and therapeutic exploitation of necroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e2010. [PMID: 26633716 PMCID: PMC4720889 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial childhood tumor classified in five stages (1, 2, 3, 4 and 4S), two of which (3 and 4) identify chemotherapy-resistant, highly aggressive disease. High-risk NB frequently displays MYCN amplification, mutations in ALK and ATRX, and genomic rearrangements in TERT genes. These NB subtypes are also characterized by reduced susceptibility to programmed cell death induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. The latter feature is a major cause of failure in the treatment of advanced NB patients. Thus, proper reactivation of apoptosis or of other types of programmed cell death pathways in response to treatment is relevant for the clinical management of aggressive forms of NB. In this short review, we will discuss the most relevant genomic rearrangements that define high-risk NB and the role that destabilization of p53 and p73 can have in NB aggressiveness. In addition, we will propose a strategy to stabilize p53 and p73 by using specific inhibitors of their ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Finally, we will introduce necroptosis as an alternative strategy to kill NB cells and increase tumor immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - M Pieraccioli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - A Peschiaroli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Via E. Ramarini 32, Rome 00015, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - G Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, 301, Rome 00123, Italy
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22
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The p53 tetramer shows an induced-fit interaction of the C-terminal domain with the DNA-binding domain. Oncogene 2015; 35:3272-81. [PMID: 26477317 PMCID: PMC4929483 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Trp53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene in all human cancers. Its protein product p53 is a very powerful transcription factor that can activate different biochemical pathways and affect the regulation of metabolism, senescence, DNA damage response, cell cycle and cell death. The understanding of its function at the molecular level could be of pivotal relevance for therapy. Investigation of long-range intra- and interdomain communications in the p53 tetramer–DNA complex was performed by means of an atomistic model that included the tetramerization helices in the C-terminal domain, the DNA-binding domains and a consensus DNA-binding site of 18 base pairs. Nonsymmetric dynamics are illustrated in the four DNA-binding domains, with loop L1 switching from inward to outward conformations with respect to the DNA major groove. Direct intra- and intermonomeric long-range communications between the tetramerization and DNA-binding domains are noted. These long-distance conformational changes link the C terminus with the DNA-binding domain and provide a biophysical rationale for the reported functional regulation of the p53 C-terminal region. A fine characterization of the DNA deformation caused by p53 binding is obtained, with ‘static' deformations always present and measured by the slide parameter in the central thymine–adenine base pairs; we also detect ‘dynamic' deformations switched on and off by particular p53 tetrameric conformations and measured by the roll and twist parameters in the same base pairs. These different conformations can indeed modulate the electrostatic potential isosurfaces of the whole p53–DNA complex. These results provide a molecular/biophysical understanding of the evident role of the C terminus in post-translational modification that regulates the transcriptional function of p53. Furthermore, the unstructured C terminus is able to facilitate contacts between the core DNA-binding domains of the tetramer.
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Ji W, Ma J, Zhang H, Zhong H, Li L, Ding N, Jiao J, Gao Z. Role of p53β in the inhibition of proliferation of gastric cancer cells expressing wild-type or mutated p53. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:691-5. [PMID: 25695150 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor gene whose mutation is highly associated with tumorigenesis. The present study investigated the role of p53β in the inhibition of proliferation of gastric cancer cell lines expressing wild-type or mutated p53. Wild-type p53 is expressed in MKN45 cells, but deleted in KATOIII cells, whereas mutated p53 is expressed in SGC7901 cells. The mRNA expression levels of p53β and Δ133p53 were detected in MKN45, SGC-7901 and KATOIII gastric cancer cell lines using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression levels of p53, p53β and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected in the MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells following treatment with cisplatin by reverse transcription-PCR. The inhibition of cellular proliferation following treatment with cisplatin was measured by MTT assay. The results of the present study demonstrated that both p53β and Δ133p53 mRNA were expressed in the MKN45 cells, whereas only p53β mRNA was expressed in the SGC7901 cells. No expression of p53β or Δ133p53 mRNA was detected in the KATOIII cells. Following treatment with cisplatin, the number of both MKN45 and SGC-7901 cells was significantly reduced (P<0.001). In the MKN45 cells, p53β, p53 and Bax mRNA expression levels gradually increased with the dose of cisplatin, and the expression of p53β was positively correlated with the expression of p53 (tr=6.358, P<0.05) and Bax (tr=8.023, P<0.05). In the SGC-7901 cells, the expression levels of p53β, p53 and Bax mRNA did not alter with the dose of cisplatin, and the expression of p53β was positively correlated to the expression of p53 (tr=26.41, P<0.01) but not that of Bax. The present study identified the different roles of the p53β isoform in gastric cancer cells with different p53 backgrounds. Enhanced knowledge regarding the p53 status is required for the development of specific biological therapies against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansheng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Jingrong Ma
- Graduate School of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Na Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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