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Zafar S, Fatima SI, Schmitz M, Zerr I. Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:118. [PMID: 38254718 PMCID: PMC10813409 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, are identified and characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Recent research has shown the importance of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, nitration, truncation, O-GlcNAcylation, and hydroxylation, in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. PTMs can alter protein structure and function, affecting protein stability, localization, interactions, and enzymatic activity. Aberrant PTMs can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, impaired degradation, and clearance, and ultimately, to neuronal dysfunction and death. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the PTMs involved in neurodegeneration, their underlying mechanisms, methods to isolate PTMs, and the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. Understanding the role of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Irum Fatima
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
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2
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Margasyuk S, Kalinina M, Petrova M, Skvortsov D, Cao C, Pervouchine DD. RNA in situ conformation sequencing reveals novel long-range RNA structures with impact on splicing. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1423-1436. [PMID: 37295923 PMCID: PMC10573301 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079508.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, long-range RNA structure has emerged as a factor that is fundamental to alternative splicing regulation. An increasing number of human disorders are now being associated with splicing defects; hence it is essential to develop methods that assess long-range RNA structure experimentally. RNA in situ conformation sequencing (RIC-seq) is a method that recapitulates RNA structure within physiological RNA-protein complexes. In this work, we juxtapose pairs of conserved complementary regions (PCCRs) that were predicted in silico with the results of RIC-seq experiments conducted in seven human cell lines. We show statistically that RIC-seq support of PCCRs correlates with their properties, such as equilibrium free energy, presence of compensatory substitutions, and occurrence of A-to-I RNA editing sites and forked eCLIP peaks. Exons enclosed in PCCRs that are supported by RIC-seq tend to have weaker splice sites and lower inclusion rates, which is indicative of post-transcriptional splicing regulation mediated by RNA structure. Based on these findings, we prioritize PCCRs according to their RIC-seq support and show, using antisense nucleotides and minigene mutagenesis, that PCCRs in two disease-associated human genes, PHF20L1 and CASK, and also PCCRs in their murine orthologs, impact alternative splicing. In sum, we demonstrate how RIC-seq experiments can be used to discover functional long-range RNA structures, and particularly those that regulate alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Margasyuk
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Marina Kalinina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Marina Petrova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Dmitry Skvortsov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
- Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Changchang Cao
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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3
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Long non-coding RNA-derived peptides are immunogenic and drive a potent anti-tumour response. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1078. [PMID: 36841868 PMCID: PMC9968330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 5 is over-expressed in a variety of cancers and the master transcription regulator E2F1 is an important methylation target. We have explored the role of PRMT5 and E2F1 in regulating the non-coding genome and report here a striking effect on long non-coding (lnc) RNA gene expression. Moreover, many MHC class I protein-associated peptides were derived from small open reading frames in the lncRNA genes. Pharmacological inhibition of PRMT5 or adjusting E2F1 levels qualitatively altered the repertoire of lncRNA-derived peptide antigens displayed by tumour cells. When presented to the immune system as either ex vivo-loaded dendritic cells or expressed from a viral vector, lncRNA-derived peptides drove a potent antigen-specific CD8 T lymphocyte response, which translated into a significant delay in tumour growth. Thus, lncRNA genes encode immunogenic peptides that can be deployed as a cancer vaccine.
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The HDAC inhibitor zabadinostat is a systemic regulator of adaptive immunity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:102. [PMID: 36702861 PMCID: PMC9878486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein acetylation plays a key role in regulating cellular processes and is subject to aberrant control in diverse pathologies. Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are approved drugs for certain cancers, it is not known whether they can be deployed in other therapeutic contexts. We have explored the clinical HDAC inhibitor, zabadinostat/CXD101, and found that it is a stand-alone regulator of the adaptive immune response. Zabadinostat treatment increased expression of MHC class I and II genes in a variety of cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and healthy tissue. Remarkably, zabadinostat enhanced the activity of DCs, and CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes. Using an antigenic peptide presented to the immune system by MHC class I, zabadinostat caused an increase in antigen-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. Further, mice immunised with covid19 spike protein and treated with zabadinostat exhibit enhanced covid19 neutralising antibodies and an increased level of T lymphocytes. The enhanced humoral response reflected increased activity of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and germinal centre (GC) B cells. Our results argue strongly that zabadinostat has potential to augment diverse therapeutic agents that act through the immune system.
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The PH Domain and C-Terminal polyD Motif of Phafin2 Exhibit a Unique Concurrence in Animals. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070696. [PMID: 35877899 PMCID: PMC9324892 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phafin2, a member of the Phafin family of proteins, contributes to a plethora of cellular activities including autophagy, endosomal cargo transportation, and macropinocytosis. The PH and FYVE domains of Phafin2 play key roles in membrane binding, whereas the C-terminal poly aspartic acid (polyD) motif specifically autoinhibits the PH domain binding to the membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P). Since the Phafin2 FYVE domain also binds PtdIns3P, the role of the polyD motif remains unclear. In this study, bioinformatics tools and resources were employed to determine the concurrence of the PH-FYVE module with the polyD motif among Phafin2 and PH-, FYVE-, or polyD-containing proteins from bacteria to humans. FYVE was found to be an ancient domain of Phafin2 and is related to proteins that are present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Interestingly, the polyD motif only evolved in Phafin2 and PH- or both PH-FYVE-containing proteins in animals. PolyD motifs are absent in PH domain-free FYVE-containing proteins, which usually display cellular trafficking or autophagic functions. Moreover, the prediction of the Phafin2-interacting network indicates that Phafin2 primarily cross-talks with proteins involved in autophagy, protein trafficking, and neuronal function. Taken together, the concurrence of the polyD motif with the PH domain may be associated with complex cellular functions that evolved specifically in animals.
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Zhou L, Ng DSC, Yam JC, Chen LJ, Tham CC, Pang CP, Chu WK. Post-translational modifications on the retinoblastoma protein. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:33. [PMID: 35650644 PMCID: PMC9161509 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma protein (pRb) functions as a cell cycle regulator controlling G1 to S phase transition and plays critical roles in tumour suppression. It is frequently inactivated in various tumours. The functions of pRb are tightly regulated, where post-translational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, acetylation and methylation. Most PTMs on pRb are reversible and can be detected in non-cancerous cells, playing an important role in cell cycle regulation, cell survival and differentiation. Conversely, altered PTMs on pRb can give rise to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumourigenesis. In this review, we first summarize recent findings pertinent to how individual PTMs impinge on pRb functions. As many of these PTMs on pRb were published as individual articles, we also provide insights on the coordination, either collaborations and/or competitions, of the same or different types of PTMs on pRb. Having a better understanding of how pRb is post-translationally modulated should pave the way for developing novel and specific therapeutic strategies to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Siu-Chun Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jia Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Janostiak R, Torres-Sanchez A, Posas F, de Nadal E. Understanding Retinoblastoma Post-Translational Regulation for the Design of Targeted Cancer Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051265. [PMID: 35267571 PMCID: PMC8909233 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rb1 is a regulator of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. This review focuses on post-translational modifications, their effect on Rb1 interactors, and their role in intracellular signaling in the context of cancer development. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to harness these post-translational modifications to design novel effective anticancer therapies. Abstract The retinoblastoma protein (Rb1) is a prototypical tumor suppressor protein whose role was described more than 40 years ago. Together with p107 (also known as RBL1) and p130 (also known as RBL2), the Rb1 belongs to a family of structurally and functionally similar proteins that inhibits cell cycle progression. Given the central role of Rb1 in regulating proliferation, its expression or function is altered in most types of cancer. One of the mechanisms underlying Rb-mediated cell cycle inhibition is the binding and repression of E2F transcription factors, and these processes are dependent on Rb1 phosphorylation status. However, recent work shows that Rb1 is a convergent point of many pathways and thus the regulation of its function through post-translational modifications is more complex than initially expected. Moreover, depending on the context, downstream signaling can be both E2F-dependent and -independent. This review seeks to summarize the most recent research on Rb1 function and regulation and discuss potential avenues for the design of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Janostiak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Torres-Sanchez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.J.); (A.T.-S.)
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (E.d.N.); Tel.: +34-93-403-4810 (F.P.); +34-93-403-9895 (E.d.N.)
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8
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Van HT, Harkins PR, Patel A, Jain AK, Lu Y, Bedford MT, Santos MA. Methyl-lysine readers PHF20 and PHF20L1 define two distinct gene expression-regulating NSL complexes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101588. [PMID: 35033534 PMCID: PMC8867114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl-lysine readers plant homeodomain finger protein 20 (PHF20) and its homolog PHF20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1) are known components of the nonspecific lethal (NSL) complex that regulates gene expression through its histone acetyltransferase activity. In the current model, both PHF homologs coexist in the same NSL complex, although this was not formally tested; nor have the functions of PHF20 and PHF20L1 regarding NSL complex integrity and transcriptional regulation been investigated. Here, we perform an in-depth biochemical and functional characterization of PHF20 and PHF20L1 in the context of the NSL complex. Using mass spectrometry, genome-wide chromatin analysis, and protein-domain mapping, we identify the existence of two distinct NSL complexes that exclusively contain either PHF20 or PHF20L1. We show that the C-terminal domains of PHF20 and PHF20L1 are essential for complex formation with NSL, and the Tudor 2 domains are required for chromatin binding. The genome-wide chromatin landscape of PHF20–PHF20L1 shows that these proteins bind mostly to the same genomic regions, at promoters of highly expressed/housekeeping genes. Yet, deletion of PHF20 and PHF20L1 does not abrogate gene expression or impact the recruitment of the NSL complex to those target gene promoters, suggesting the existence of an alternative mechanism that compensates for the transcription of genes whose sustained expression is important for critical cellular functions. This work shifts the current paradigm and lays the foundation for studies on the differential roles of PHF20 and PHF20L1 in regulating NSL complex activity in physiological and diseases states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu T Van
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter R Harkins
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Avni Patel
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhinav K Jain
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Margarida A Santos
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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9
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Liu D, Wang X, Shi E, Wang L, Nie M, Li L, Jiang Q, Kong P, Shi S, Wang C, Yan S, Qin Z, Zhao S. Comprehensive Analysis of the Value of SMYD Family Members in the Prognosis and Immune Infiltration of Malignant Digestive System Tumors. Front Genet 2021; 12:699910. [PMID: 34335697 PMCID: PMC8322783 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.699910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SET and MYND domain-containing (SMYD) gene family comprises a set of genes encoding lysine methyltransferases. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between the expression levels of SMYD family members and the prognosis and immune infiltration of malignant tumors of the digestive system. Methods The Oncomine, Ualcan, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape, and TIMER databases and tools were used to analyze the correlation of SMYD family mRNA expression, clinical stage, TP53 mutation status, prognostic value, gene mutation, and immune infiltration in patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Results In ESCA, the mRNA expression of SMYD2/3/4/5 was significantly correlated with the incidence rate, that of SMYD2/3 with the clinical stage, that of SMYD2/3/4/5 with TP53 mutation status, that of SMYD2/4/5 with overall survival (OS), and that of SMYD1/2/3/4 with relapse-free survival (RFS). In LIHC, the mRNA expression of SMYD1/2/3/4/5 was significantly correlated with the incidence rate, that of SMYD2/4/5 with the clinical stage, that of SMYD3/5 with TP53 mutation status, that of SMYD2/3/4/5 with OS, and that of SMYD3/5 with RFS. In STAD, the mRNA expression of SMYD2/3/4/5 was significantly correlated with the incidence rate, that of SMYD1/4 with the clinical stage, that of SMYD1/2/3/5 with TP53 mutation status, that of SMYD1/3/4 with OS, and that of SMYD1/3 with RFS. Furthermore, the function of SMYD family mutation-related genes in ESCA, LIHC, and STAD patients was mainly related to pathways, such as mitochondrial gene expression, mitochondrial matrix, and mitochondrial translation. The expression of SMYD family genes was significantly correlated with the infiltration of six immune cell types and eight types of immune check sites. Conclusion SMYD family genes are differentially expressed and frequently mutated in malignant tumors of the digestive system (ESCA, LIHC, and gastric cancer). They are potential markers for prognostic prediction and have important significance in immunity and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xuyao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Harbin Second Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Enhong Shi
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Liru Wang
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Minghao Nie
- Department of Pathology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingxin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Harbin 242 Hospital of AVIC, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyu Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
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10
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Wei S, Liu W, Sun N, Wu Y, Song H, Wang C, Wang S, Zou R, Lin L, Zeng K, Zhou B, Wang M, Luan R, Yang F, Zhao Y. MOF upregulates the estrogen receptor α signaling pathway by its acetylase activity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1865-1877. [PMID: 33544437 PMCID: PMC8088912 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase MOF (KAT8) is mainly involved in the acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16) and some non‐histone proteins. The MOF expression level is significantly reduced in many cancers, however the biological function of MOF and its underlying mechanism are still elusive in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Estrogen receptor α (ERα) has been considered as a tumor suppressor in HCC. Here, we demonstrated that MOF expression is significantly reduced in HCC samples, and is positively correlated with that of ERα. MOF interacts with ERα, and participates in acetylation of ERα at K266, K268, K299, thereby inhibiting ERα ubiquitination to maintain the stability of ERα. In addition, MOF participates in the upregulation of ERα‐mediated transactivation. Depletion of MOF significantly promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in HCC cell lines. Taken together, our results provide new insights to understand the mechanism underlying the modulation function of MOF on ERα action in HCC, suggesting that MOF might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Renlong Zou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosheng Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Manlin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruina Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Liao Ning Tumor Hospital, Shenyang, China
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11
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Lv M, Gao J, Li M, Ma R, Li F, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang J, Yao X, Wu J, Shi Y, Tang Y, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Ruan K. Conformational Selection in Ligand Recognition by the First Tudor Domain of PHF20L1. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7932-7938. [PMID: 32885980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first Tudor domain (Tudor1) of PHF20L1 recognizes (non)histone methylation to play versatile roles. However, the underlying ligand-recognition mechanism remains unknown as a closed state revealed in the free-form structure. NMR relaxation dispersion and molecular dynamics simulations suggest a pre-existing low-population conformation with a remarkable rearrangement of aromatic cage residues of PHF20L1 Tudor1. Such an open-form conformation is utilized to recognize lysine 142 methylated DNMT1, a cosolvent, and an NMR fragment screening hit, as revealed by the complex crystal structures. Intriguingly, the ligand binding capacity was enhanced by mutation that tunes up the open-state population only. The recognition of DNMT1 by PHF20L1 was further validated in cancer cells. This conformational selection mechanism will enable the discovery of small molecule inhibitors against the seemingly "undruggable" PHF20L1 Tudor1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Lv
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jia Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Rongsheng Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Fudong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Mingqing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jiahai Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ruan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, the First Affiliated Hospital & School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, P.R. China
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12
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Barczak W, Jin L, Carr SM, Munro S, Ward S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, La Thangue NB. PRMT5 promotes cancer cell migration and invasion through the E2F pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:572. [PMID: 32709847 PMCID: PMC7382496 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pRb-E2F pathway is a critical point of regulation in the cell cycle and loss of control of the pathway is a hallmark of cancer. E2F1 is the major target through which pRb exerts its effects and arginine methylation by PRMT5 plays a key role in dictating E2F1 activity. Here we have explored the functional role of the PRMT5-E2F1 axis and highlight its influence on different aspects of cancer cell biology including viability, migration, invasion and adherence. Through a genome-wide expression analysis, we identified a distinct set of genes under the control of PRMT5 and E2F1, including some highly regulated genes, which influence cell migration, invasio and adherence through a PRMT5-dependent mechanism. Most significantly, a coincidence was apparent between the expression of PRMT5 and E2F1 in human tumours, and elevated levels of PRMT5 and E2F1 correlated with poor prognosis disease. Our results suggest a causal relationship between PRMT5 and E2F1 in driving the malignant phenotype and thereby highlight an important pathway for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Barczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Li Jin
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Mark Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Argonaut Therapeutics Ltd Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Samuel Ward
- Argonaut Therapeutics Ltd Magdalen Centre, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GA, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Centre for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Centre for Genome Bioinformatics, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nicholas B La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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13
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Hou Y, Liu W, Yi X, Yang Y, Su D, Huang W, Yu H, Teng X, Yang Y, Feng W, Zhang T, Gao J, Zhang K, Qiu R, Wang Y. PHF20L1 as a H3K27me2 reader coordinates with transcriptional repressors to promote breast tumorigenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz0356. [PMID: 32494608 PMCID: PMC7159910 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
TUDOR domain-containing proteins (TDRDs) are chiefly responsible for recognizing methyl-lysine/arginine residue. However, how TDRD dysregulation contributes to breast tumorigenesis is poorly understood. Here, we report that TUDOR domain-containing PHF20L1 as a H3K27me2 reader exerts transcriptional repression by recruiting polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and Mi-2/nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, linking PRC2-mediated methylation and NuRD-mediated deacetylation of H3K27. Furthermore, PHF20L1 was found to serve as a potential MYC and hypoxia-driven oncogene, promoting glycolysis, proliferation, and metastasis of breast cancer cells by directly inhibiting tumor suppressors such as HIC1, KISS1, and BRCA1. PHF20L1 expression was also strongly correlated with higher histologic grades of breast cancer and markedly up-regulated in several cancers. Meanwhile, Phf20l1 deletion not only induces growth retardation and mammary ductal outgrowth delay but also inhibits tumorigenesis in vivo. Our data indicate that PHF20L1 promotes tumorigenesis, supporting the pursuit of PHF20L1 as a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Hou
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dongxue Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hefen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yan Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Tumor Invasion and Metastasis, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Corresponding author.
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14
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Cornett EM, Ferry L, Defossez PA, Rothbart SB. Lysine Methylation Regulators Moonlighting outside the Epigenome. Mol Cell 2020; 75:1092-1101. [PMID: 31539507 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Landmark discoveries made nearly two decades ago identified known transcriptional regulators as histone lysine methyltransferases. Since then, the field of lysine methylation signaling has been dominated by studies of how this small chemical posttranslational modification regulates gene expression and other chromatin-based processes. However, recent advances in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics have revealed that histones are just a subset of the thousands of eukaryotic proteins marked by lysine methylation. As the writers, erasers, and readers of histone lysine methylation are emerging as a promising therapeutic target class for cancer and other diseases, a key challenge for the field is to define the full spectrum of activities for these proteins. Here we summarize recent discoveries implicating non-histone lysine methylation as a major regulator of diverse cellular processes. We further discuss recent technological innovations that are enabling the expanded study of lysine methylation signaling. Collectively, these findings are shaping our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of non-histone protein regulation through this dynamic and multi-functional posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M Cornett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Laure Ferry
- Université de Paris, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Scott B Rothbart
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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15
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Roworth AP, Carr SM, Liu G, Barczak W, Miller RL, Munro S, Kanapin A, Samsonova A, La Thangue NB. Arginine methylation expands the regulatory mechanisms and extends the genomic landscape under E2F control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw4640. [PMID: 31249870 PMCID: PMC6594773 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
E2F is a family of master transcription regulators involved in mediating diverse cell fates. Here, we show that residue-specific arginine methylation (meR) by PRMT5 enables E2F1 to regulate many genes at the level of alternative RNA splicing, rather than through its classical transcription-based mechanism. The p100/TSN tudor domain protein reads the meR mark on chromatin-bound E2F1, allowing snRNA components of the splicing machinery to assemble with E2F1. A large set of RNAs including spliced variants associate with E2F1 by virtue of the methyl mark. By focusing on the deSUMOylase SENP7 gene, which we identified as an E2F target gene, we establish that alternative splicing is functionally important for E2F1 activity. Our results reveal an unexpected consequence of arginine methylation, where reader-writer interplay widens the mechanism of control by E2F1, from transcription factor to regulator of alternative RNA splicing, thereby extending the genomic landscape under E2F1 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Poppy Roworth
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Simon Mark Carr
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Geng Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wojciech Barczak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Louise Miller
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shonagh Munro
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexander Kanapin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Nicholas B. La Thangue
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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