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Hicks D, Giresh K, Wrischnik LA, Weiser DC. The PPP1R15 Family of eIF2-alpha Phosphatase Targeting Subunits (GADD34 and CReP). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17321. [PMID: 38139150 PMCID: PMC10743859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate PPP1R15 family consists of the proteins GADD34 (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34, the product of the PPP1R15A gene) and CReP (constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation, the product of the PPP1R15B gene), both of which function as targeting/regulatory subunits for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) by regulating subcellular localization, modulating substrate specificity and assembling complexes with target proteins. The primary cellular function of these proteins is to facilitate the dephosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (eIF2α) by PP1 during cell stress. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the cellular function, biochemistry and pharmacology of GADD34 and CReP, starting with a brief introduction of eIF2α phosphorylation via the integrated protein response (ISR). We discuss the roles GADD34 and CReP play as feedback inhibitors of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and highlight the critical function they serve as inhibitors of the PERK-dependent branch, which is particularly important since it can mediate cell survival or cell death, depending on how long the stressful stimuli lasts, and GADD34 and CReP play key roles in fine-tuning this cellular decision. We briefly discuss the roles of GADD34 and CReP homologs in model systems and then focus on what we have learned about their function from knockout mice and human patients, followed by a brief review of several diseases in which GADD34 and CReP have been implicated, including cancer, diabetes and especially neurodegenerative disease. Because of the potential importance of GADD34 and CReP in aspects of human health and disease, we will discuss several pharmacological inhibitors of GADD34 and/or CReP that show promise as treatments and the controversies as to their mechanism of action. This review will finish with a discussion of the biochemical properties of GADD34 and CReP, their regulation and the additional interacting partners that may provide insight into the roles these proteins may play in other cellular pathways. We will conclude with a brief outline of critical areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Hicks
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Engineering, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, CA 95350, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Krithika Giresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Lisa A. Wrischnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Douglas C. Weiser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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Li J, Cao Y, Li LN, Chu X, Wang YS, Cai JJ, Zhao J, Ma S, Li G, Fan ZK. Neuroprotective Effects of Oxymatrine via Triggering Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4450-4471. [PMID: 37115405 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03364-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. The identification of drugs that promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis in neurons is critical for improving patient outcomes following SCI. Previous studies have shown that increasing the activity of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and downstream protein AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat models of SCI is highly neuroprotective. Oxymatrine (OMT), a quinolizidine alkaloid, has exhibited neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, its explicit effect and molecular mechanism in SCI are still unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of OMT and explore the potential role of autophagy regulation following SCI in rats. A modified compressive device (weight 35 g, time 5 min) was applied to induce moderate SCI in all groups except the sham group. After treatment with drugs or vehicle (saline), our results indicated that OMT treatment significantly reduced the lesion size, promoted survival of motor neurons, and subsequently attenuated motor dysfunction following SCI in rats. OMT significantly enhanced autophagy activity, inhibited apoptosis in neurons, and increased SIRT1 and p-AMPK expression levels. Interestingly, these effects of OMT on SCI were partially prevented by co-treatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Furthermore, combining OMT with the potent autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) could effectively abolish its promotion of autophagic flux. Taken together, these data revealed that OMT exerts a neuroprotective role in functional recovery against SCI in rats, and these effects are potentially associated with OMT-induced activation of autophagy via the SIRT1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Lin-Na Li
- Departments of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Xin Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Yan-Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jia-Jun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Song Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, China.
| | - Zhong-Kai Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, China.
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Yu S, Qian H, Tian D, Yang M, Li D, Xu H, Chen J, Yang J, Hao X, Liu Z, Zhong J, Yang H, Chen X, Min X, Chen J. Linggui Zhugan Decoction activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to improve mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1074837. [PMID: 37089931 PMCID: PMC10113531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1074837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Linggui Zhugan Decoction on mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction and the related mechanisms. Methods: Chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by coronary artery ligation. Heart failure rats were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n = 11), Linggui Zhugan Decoction group (n = 12), and captopril group (n = 11). Rats whose coronary arteries were only threaded and not ligated were sham group (n = 11). Cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, soluble growth-stimulating expression factor (ST2), and N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NTproBNP) levels were analyzed after treatment. Moreover, the level of mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining, the ultrastructural of myocardial mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The related signal pathway of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated adenylate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is an important pathway to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, and to initiate mitochondrial biogenesis. The expression level was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription to explore the mechanism of the decoction. Results: Compared with the model rats, Linggui Zhugan Decoction significantly improved cardiac function (p < 0.05), reduced MDA production (p < 0.01), increased SOD activity (p < 0.05), reduced ST-2(p < 0.01), and NT-proBNP(p < 0.05) levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and improved mitochondria function. In addition, Linggui Zhugan Decoction upregulated the expression of SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α protein, and mRNA in cardiac myocytes. Conclusion: Linggui Zhugan Decoction can improve the cardiac function of heart failure rats by enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity and protecting the mitochondrial function, the mechanism is related to activating SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingning Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinlong Chen
- Yunxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Xinlong Chen, ; Xinwen Min, ; Jun Chen,
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Xu QQ, Su ZR, Hu Z, Yang W, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Patchouli alcohol ameliorates the learning and memory impairments in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease via modulating SIRT1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154441. [PMID: 36108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a major active ingredient isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, exhibits extensive bioactivity in the central nervous system (CNS) and exerts neuroprotective effects. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effects of PA in an animal model of AD and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the ability of PA to pass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats after oral administration. The sporadic AD rat model was established by intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injection with streptozotocin (STZ). PA (25 and 50 mg/kg) was given to rat orally once daily for 42 consecutive days. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to determine the learning and memory functions of the STZ-induced AD rats. EX527, a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) selective inhibitor, was used to investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in the anti-AD effects of PA in rats. RESULTS PA could penetrate the BBB. MWM test results showed that PA could significantly ameliorate the learning and memory deficits induced by STZ in rats. Meanwhile, PA enhanced the expression of SIRT1, and markedly alleviated the tau pathology by inhibiting the hyperacetylation (at the site of Lys174) and hyperphosphorylation (at the sites of Thr181, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404) of tau protein. PA also efficiently suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and the beta-amyloid (Aβ) expression and the deacetylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) at Lys 310 (K310) in the STZ-treated AD rats. EX527, a SIRT1 selective inhibitor, could partially abolish the cognitive deficits improving effect of PA and inhibit the down-regulation of acetylated tau and acetylated NF-κB p65, suggesting that PA exhibited neuroprotective effects against AD via upregulating SIRT1. CONCLUSION This study reported for the first time that PA could penetrate the BBB to exert its protective effects on the brain after a single-dose oral administration. The current experimental findings also amply demonstrated that PA could improve the cognitive and memory impairments in the STZ-induced AD rat model. The underlying mechanisms involve the alleviations of neuroinflammation, tau pathology and Aβ deposition via modulating of SIRT1 and NF-κB pathways. All these findings strongly suggest that PA is a promising naturally occurring compound worthy of further development into an anti-AD pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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5
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Silva JV, Santiago J, Matos B, Henriques MC, Patrício D, Martins AD, Duarte JA, Ferreira R, Alves MG, Oliveira P, Oliveira PF, Fardilha M. Effects of Age and Lifelong Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Rats' Testicular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911619. [PMID: 36232916 PMCID: PMC9570257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with testicular morphological and functional alterations, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the impact of physical exercise are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of age and lifelong moderate-intensity exercise on rat testis. Mature adults (35 weeks) and middle-aged (61 weeks) Wistar Unilever male rats were maintained as sedentary or subjected to a lifelong moderate-intensity treadmill training protocol. Testis weight and histology, mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and proteins involved in protein synthesis and stress response were evaluated. Our results illustrate an age-induced testicular atrophy that was associated with alterations in stress response, and mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Aging was associated with increased testicular levels of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP27) and antioxidant enzymes. Aging was also associated with decreased mRNA abundance of the nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), a key transcription factor for mitochondrial biogenesis, which was accompanied by decreased protein levels of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes subunits in the testes of older animals. On the other hand, exercise did not protect against age-induced testicular atrophy and led to deleterious effects on sperm morphology. Exercise led to an even more pronounced decrease in the Nrf1 mRNA levels in testes of both age groups and was associated with decreased mRNA abundance of other mitochondrial biogenesis markers and decreased protein levels of OXPHOS complexes subunits. Lifelong moderate-intensity exercise training was also associated with an increase in testicular oxidative stress markers and possibly with reduced translation. Together, our results indicate that exercise did not protect against age-induced testicular atrophy and was not associated with beneficial changes in mitochondria and stress response, further activating mechanisms of protein synthesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana V. Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Santiago
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Matos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magda C. Henriques
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Patrício
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana D. Martins
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José A. Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marco G. Alves
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- QOPNA & LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine—iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-918-143-947
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Zhao L, Wang L, Guo Z, Zhang N, Feng Q, Li B. Polysaccharides From Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.: Characterization and Antioxidant Activities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933669. [PMID: 35784681 PMCID: PMC9244533 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two polysaccharide fractions from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (P. cablin) (designated as PCB-1 and PCB2-1) were isolated by water extraction and purified by Sepharose chromatography. The chemical properties of the polysaccharides were characterised, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. The sugar content of the crude polysaccharide (PCB), PCB-1, and PCB2-1 was 58.74, 90.23 and 88.61%, respectively. The molecular weights of PCB-1 and PCB2-1 were determined to be 97.8 and 12.8 kDa, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that all the three polysaccharides consisted of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, and arabinose, but with varying molar ratios. The polysaccharides exhibited significantly high antioxidant activities in vitro based on the scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, metal ion-chelating and ferric-reducing abilities. In vivo experiments in an oxidatively damaged mice model showed that PCB-1 increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and inhibited malondialdehyde formation in the serum and liver. These findings suggest that PCB-1 has significant potential as an antioxidant in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- School of Graduation, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zimeng Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Li,
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Efferth T, Alam W. Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress by hesperetin: Focus on antitumor and cytoprotective effects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:153985. [PMID: 35358935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is still an all-times issue due to a large and even increasing number of deaths. Impaired genes regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis are targets for the development of novel cancer treatments. HYPOTHESIS Increased transcription of NADPH oxidase activator (NOXA), Bcl2-like11 (BIM), BH3-only proteins and p53 unregulated apoptosis modulator (PUMA) is caused by the imbalance between pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins due to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The membranous network of ER is present in all eukaryotic cells. ER stress facilitates the interaction between Bax and PUMA, triggering the release of cytochrome C. As a main intracellular organelle, ER is responsible for translocation as well as post-translation modification and protein folding. RESULTS Hesperetin is a cytoprotective flavonone, which acts against ER stress and protects from cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Hesperetin inhibits lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ and l-ascorbic acid in rat brain homogenates. CONCLUSION This review deals with the anticancer effects of hesperetin regarding the regulation of ER stress as a principal mechanism in the pathogenesis of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 215123, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
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Zhou X, Wang X, Lu L, Deng M, Shi X. FGF21 improves LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction and inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-κB deacetylation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:492-499. [PMID: 35395162 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common infectious disease of the respiratory system in children. It often leads to death in children by causing acute lung injury. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that plays important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of FGF21 in alleviating the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMEC) injury, as well as the underlying mechanism. The expression of SIRT1, NF-κB p65, Ac-NF-κB p65, apoptosis-related proteins, tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules in HPMECs. The viability and apoptosis of HPMECs was detected by CCK-8 and Tunel assays. LDH level and levels of inflammatory factors were respectively determined by assay kits. The mRNA expression of adhesion molecules in HPMECs was analyzed by RT-qPCR. As a result, SIRT1 expression was decreased and expression of NF-κB p65 and Ac-NF-κB p65 was increased in LPS-induced HPMECs, which were reversed by rFGF21. rFGF21 increased the viability and inhibited the apoptosis, inflammatory response, permeability and release of cell adhesion molecules of LPS-induced HPMECs. In addition, EX527 as SIRT1 inhibitor, could reversed the effect of rFGF21 on LPS-induced HPMECs. In conclusion, FGF21 improved LPS-induced HPMECs dysfunction and inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-κB deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xinhua Wang
- The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 people's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Departmt of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Lidong Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Minchao Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Department of Pediatrics, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China;
| | - Xinglei Shi
- The People's Hospital of Suichang County, Department of Pediatrics, Lishui, Zhejiang, China;
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Activation of LRP6 with HLY78 Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis via GSK3β/Sirt1/PGC-1α Pathway after ICH. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7542468. [PMID: 35419167 PMCID: PMC9001077 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7542468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis have important roles in the pathogenesis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Previous studies have reported that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) exerts neuroprotection in several neurological diseases. Herein, we investigate the role of LRP6 receptor activation with HLY78 to attenuate oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after ICH, as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods A total of 199 CD1 mice were used. ICH was induced via injection of autologous blood into the right basal ganglia. HLY78 was administered via intranasal injection at 1 h after ICH. To explore the underlying mechanism, LRP6 siRNA and selisistat, a Sirt1 selective antagonist, were injected intracerebroventricularly at 48 h before ICH induction. Neurobehavioral tests, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were performed. Results The expression of endogenous p-LRP6 was gradually increased and expressed on neurons after ICH. HLY78 significantly improved the short- and long-term neurobehavioral deficits after ICH, which was accompanied with decreased oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, as well as increased expression of p-GSK3β, Sirt1, and PGC-1α, as well as downregulation of Romo-1 and C-Caspase-3. LRP6 knockdown or Sirt1 inhibition abolished these effects of HLY78 after ICH. Conclusion Our results suggest that administration of HLY78 attenuated oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and neurobehavioral impairments through the LRP6/GSK3β/Sirt1/PGC-1α signaling pathway after ICH.
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10
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Yang Y, Zheng M, Han F, Shang L, Li M, Gu X, Li H, Chen L. Ziprasidone suppresses pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell proliferation by targeting GOT1 to trigger glutamine metabolism reprogramming. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:599-612. [PMID: 35212782 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal malignant tumor whose effective treatment has not been found. The redox state and proliferative activity of PDAC cells are maintained by the conversion of aspartic acid in the cytoplasm into oxaloacetate though aspartate aminotransferase 1 (GOT1). Therefore, GOT1 inhibitors as a potential approach for treating PDAC have attracted more attention of researchers. Ziprasidone effectively inhibited GOT1 in a non-competitive manner. The potential cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation effects of ziprasidone against PDAC cells in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. Ziprasidone can induce glutamine metabolism disorder and redox state imbalance of PDAC cells by targeting GOT1, thereby inhibiting proliferation, preventing migration, and inducing apoptosis. Ziprasidone displayed significant in vivo antitumor efficacy in SW1990 cell-derived xenografts. What's more, knockdown of GOT1 in SW1990 reduced the anti-proliferative effects of ziprasidone. As a novel GOT1 inhibitor, ziprasidone may be a lead compound for the treatment of PDAC. KEY MESSAGES: Small molecule inhibitors targeting GOT1 may provide a therapeutic target in PDAC. Ziprasidone effectively inhibited GOT1 enzyme in a non-competitive manner. Ziprasidone repressed glutamine metabolism and inhibited the growth of tumor in vivo. Knockdown of GOT1 decreased the anti-proliferative effects of ziprasidone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mengzhu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fei Han
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, China
| | - Mingxue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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11
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Figarola-Centurión I, Escoto-Delgadillo M, González-Enríquez GV, Gutiérrez-Sevilla JE, Vázquez-Valls E, Torres-Mendoza BM. Sirtuins Modulation: A Promising Strategy for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:643. [PMID: 35054829 PMCID: PMC8775450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-Associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is one of the major concerns since it persists in 40% of this population. Nowadays, HAND neuropathogenesis is considered to be caused by the infected cells that cross the brain-blood barrier and produce viral proteins that can be secreted and internalized into neurons leading to disruption of cellular processes. The evidence points to viral proteins such as Tat as the causal agent for neuronal alteration and thus HAND. The hallmarks in Tat-induced neurodegeneration are endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are NAD+-dependent deacetylases involved in mitochondria biogenesis, unfolded protein response, and intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Tat interaction with these deacetylases causes inhibition of SIRT1 and SIRT3. Studies revealed that SIRTs activation promotes neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this review focuses on Tat-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms that involve SIRTs as key regulators and their modulation as a therapeutic strategy for tackling HAND and thereby improving the quality of life of people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izchel Figarola-Centurión
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.E.-D.); (J.E.G.-S.)
| | - Martha Escoto-Delgadillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.E.-D.); (J.E.G.-S.)
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44600, Mexico
| | - Gracia Viviana González-Enríquez
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.E.-D.); (J.E.G.-S.)
- Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vázquez-Valls
- Generación de Recursos Profesionales, Investigación y Desarrollo, Secretaria de Salud, Jalisco, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y Retrovirus Humanos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (M.E.-D.); (J.E.G.-S.)
- Departamento de Disciplinas Filosófico, Metodológicas e Instrumentales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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12
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Trimarchi M, Bertazzoni G, Vinciguerra A, Pardini C, Simeoni F, Cittaro D, Bussi M, Lazarevic D. Gene Expression Analysis in Patients with Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090861. [PMID: 34577784 PMCID: PMC8469603 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cocaine users may present with positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and severe midline destructive lesions (CIMDL) which are histologically characterized by massive apoptosis. However, histopathological and laboratory studies suggest that autoimmunity may not be the main pathogenic driver. We analyzed gene expression both in cell lines of nasal mucosa exposed to cocaine and in CIMDL patients to determine whether genetic predisposition might cause such lesions, which are observed in a minority of cocaine abusers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genetic expression profile of nasal mucosa exposed to cocaine was analyzed. Rare variants of expressed genes were searched in patients with CIMDL using exome sequencing and bio-informatics. RESULTS We identified 462 genes that were induced by cocaine, mainly related to apoptosis and autophagy in response to oxidative stress. Under the hypothesis that genes linked to the phenotype are also induced by cocaine itself, a rare variants burden test was performed to select genes that were significantly enriched in rare mutations. Next, 11 cocaine abusers with CIMDL and no other relevant medical comorbidities underwent exome sequencing, and 12 genes that were significantly enriched in the burden test and present in at least 10 patients were identified. An in-depth analysis of these genes revealed their involvement in apoptosis, tissue homeostasis, autophagy, and response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and rare genetic alterations in the response to reactive oxygen species, apoptosis, autophagy, and tissue regeneration are plausible drivers of damage affecting nasal mucosa exposed to cocaine crystals and, consequently, the pathogenic mechanism behind CIMDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Trimarchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2643-3522
| | - Giacomo Bertazzoni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Vinciguerra
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Celia Pardini
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (D.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Fabio Simeoni
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (D.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Davide Cittaro
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (D.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Mario Bussi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.V.); (M.B.)
| | - Dejan Lazarevic
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (C.P.); (F.S.); (D.C.); (D.L.)
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13
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Tinkov AA, Nguyen TT, Santamaria A, Bowman AB, Buha Djordjevic A, Paoliello MMB, Skalny AV, Aschner M. Sirtuins as molecular targets, mediators, and protective agents in metal-induced toxicity. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2263-2278. [PMID: 34028595 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis, and especially overexposure, is known to cause adverse health effects due to modulation of a variety of metabolic pathways. An increasing body of literature has demonstrated that metal exposure may affect SIRT signaling, although the existing data are insufficient. Therefore, in this review we discuss the available data (PubMed-Medline, Google Scholar) on the influence of metal overload on sirtuin (SIRT) signaling and its association with other mechanisms involved in metal-induced toxicity. The existing data demonstrate that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), hexavalent chromium (CrVI), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) can inhibit SIRT1 activity. In addition, an inhibitory effect of Cd, Pb, As, and Fe on SIRT3 has been demonstrated. In turn, metal-induced inhibition of SIRT was shown to affect deacetylation of target proteins including FOXO, PGC1α, p53 and NF-kB. Increased acetylation downregulates PGC1α signaling pathway, resulting in cellular altered redox status and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, as well as decreased mitochondrial biogenesis. Lower rates of LKB1 deacetylation may be responsible for metal-induced decreases in AMPK activity and subsequent metabolic disturbances. A shift to the acetylated FOXO results in increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes which upregulates apoptosis together with increased p53 signaling. Correspondingly, decreased NF-kB deacetylation results in upregulation of target genes of proinflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and cellular adhesion molecules thus promoting inflammation. Therefore, alterations in sirtuin activity may at least partially mediate metal-induced metabolic disturbances that have been implicated in neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and other toxic effects of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, S.S.A., Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
- Department of Toxicology "Akademik Danilo Soldatović", Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, Moscow, Russia.,World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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14
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Li C, Chi S, Xie A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Reciprocal Interactions Between Sleep Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:592989. [PMID: 33642969 PMCID: PMC7902929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.592989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake disruptions are among the most prevalent and burdensome non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have demonstrated that these disturbances can precede the onset of typical motor symptoms by years, indicating that they may play a primary function in the pathogenesis of PD. Animal studies suggest that sleep facilitates the removal of metabolic wastes through the glymphatic system via convective flow from the periarterial space to the perivenous space, upregulates antioxidative defenses, and promotes the maintenance of neuronal protein homeostasis. Therefore, disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle have been associated with inefficient metabolic clearance and increased oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to excessive accumulation of alpha-synuclein and the induction of neuronal loss, both of which have been proposed to be contributing factors to the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that PD-related pathophysiological alterations during the prodromal phase disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms. Taken together, these findings indicate potential mechanistic interactions between sleep-wake disorders and PD progression as proposed in this review. Further research into the hypothetical mechanisms underlying these interactions would be valuable, as positive findings may provide promising insights into novel therapeutic interventions for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Liu X, Liu J, Xiao W, Zeng Q, Bo H, Zhu Y, Gong L, He D, Xing X, Li R, Zhou M, Xiong W, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Li X, Guo F, Xu C, Chen X, Wang X, Wang F, Wang Q, Cao K. SIRT1 Regulates N 6 -Methyladenosine RNA Modification in Hepatocarcinogenesis by Inducing RANBP2-Dependent FTO SUMOylation. Hepatology 2020; 72:2029-2050. [PMID: 32154934 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with high malignancy rates. Recently, a known deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was discovered in HCC, and its presence is positively correlated with malignancy and metastasis. N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most prominent modification, but the exact mechanisms on how SIRT1 regulates m6 A modification to induce hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here we demonstrate that SIRT1 exerts an oncogenic role by down-regulating fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), which is an m6 A demethylase. A crucial component of small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) E3 ligase, RANBP2, is activated by SIRT1, and it is indispensable for FTO SUMOylation at Lysine (K)-216 site that promotes FTO degradation. Moreover, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G (o) subunit alpha (GNAO1) is identified as m6 A downstream targets of FTO and tumor suppressor in HCC, and depletion of FTO by SIRT1 improves m6 A+ GNAO1 and down-regulates its mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate an important mechanism whereby SIRT1 destabilizes FTO, steering the m6 A+ of downstream molecules and subsequent mRNA expression in HCC tumorigenesis. Our findings uncover a target of SIRT1 for therapeutic agents to treat HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Bo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian Gong
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Respiratory, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- Center for Medical Experiments, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- Yan'an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Transplantation, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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miR-29a Modulates GSK3β/SIRT1-Linked Mitochondrial Proteostatic Stress to Ameliorate Mouse Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186884. [PMID: 32961796 PMCID: PMC7555728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) has been shown to ameliorate hepatocellular damage, such as in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), steatohepatitis (NASH), and cholestatic injury. However, the mechanism mediating the hepatoprotective effect of miR-29a in diet-induced NASH remains elusive. In the present study, C57BL/6 mice of wild-type (WT) or miR-29a overexpression were fed with methionine–choline sufficient (MCS) or methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet for four weeks. The C57BL/6 mice harboring miR-29a overexpression presented reduced plasma AST, hepatic CD36, steatosis, and fibrosis induced by MCD. The TargetScan Release7.2-based bioinformatic analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-29a targets 3′UTR of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3b) mRNA in the HepG2 hepatocyte cell line. Furthermore, miR-29a overexpression in the MCD-fed group resulted in inhibition of Gsk3b mRNA and GSK3β protein levels in the liver. GSK3β was notably expressed jointly with the extent of aggregated protein, which was then identified to be associated with mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), but not with endoplasmic reticulum UPR (UPRER). Additionally, in silico analysis of protein–protein interaction, in vivo, and in vitro correlation analyses of protein expression demonstrated that GSK3β closely associated with sirtuin 1(SIRT1). Finally, the implication of SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis in the perturbation of proteostasis was observed. We herein provide novel insight into a hepatoprotective pathway, whereby miR-29a inhibits GSK3β to repress SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to alleviation of mitochondrial proteostatic stress and UPRmt in the context of NASH. miR-29a, GSK3β, and SIRT1 could thus serve as possible therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of NAFLD/NASH.
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17
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Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Xu F, Zhang B, Liu M, Liu Y, Chen H, Yang J, Zhang J. Lysine Acetylome Study of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissues for Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets Discovery. Front Genet 2020; 11:572663. [PMID: 33093847 PMCID: PMC7527632 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.572663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a vital post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, which plays an important role in cancer development. In healthy human liver tissues, multiple non-histone proteins were identified with acetylation modification, however, the role of acetylated proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains largely unknown. Here we performed a quantitative acetylome study of tumor and normal liver tissues from HCC patients. Overall, 598 lysine acetylation sites in 325 proteins were quantified, and almost 59% of their acetylation levels were significantly changed. The differentially acetylated proteins mainly consisted of non-histone proteins located in mitochondria and cytoplasm, which accounted for 42% and 24%, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that differentially acetylated proteins were enriched in metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction processes. In tumor tissues, 278 lysine sites in 189 proteins showed decreased acetylation levels, which occupied 98% of differentially acetylated proteins. Moreover, we collected twenty pairs of tumor and normal liver tissues from HCC male patients, and found that expression levels of SIRT1 (p = 0.002), SIRT2 (p = 0.01), and SIRT4 (p = 0.045) were significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues. Over-expression of possibly accounted for the widespread deacetylation of non-histone proteins identified in HCC tumor tissues, which could serve as promising predictors of HCC. Taken together, our work illustrates abundant differentially acetylated proteins in HCC tumor tissues, and offered insights into the role of lysine acetylation in HCC development. It provided potential biomarker and drug target candidates for clinical HCC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwei Zhao
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Xu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingxia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixian Liu
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxia Yang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- BGI College and Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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GDF-15 prevents lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury via upregulating SIRT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:439-446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Ilex paraguariensis extracts and its polyphenols prevent oxidative damage and senescence of human retinal pigment epithelium cells. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Xu C, Liu CH, Zhang DL. MicroRNA-22 inhibition prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via upregulating SIRT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:485-491. [PMID: 31677784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributed to the progression of doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity. Recent studies identified microRNA-22 (miR-22) as a cardiac- and skeletal muscle-enriched microRNA that functioned as a key regulator in stress-induced cardiac injury. The present study aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanism of miR-22 on Dox-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mice were exposed to reduplicative injections of Dox (i.p., 4 mg/kg) weekly for consecutive 4 weeks to generate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Herein, we found that miR-22 level was significantly increased in murine hearts subjected to chronic Dox treatment. MiR-22 inhibition attenuated oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, thereby preventing Dox-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mechanistically, we observed that miR-22 directly bound to the 3'-UTR of Sirt1 and caused SIRT1 downregulation. Conversely, miR-22 antagomir upregulated SIRT1 expression and SIRT1 inhibitor abolished the beneficial effects of miR-22 antagomir. In conclusion, miR-22 inhibition prevented oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via upregulating SIRT1 and miR-22 might be a new target for treating Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Chang-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China
| | - Da-Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, PR China.
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21
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Doktór B, Damulewicz M, Pyza E. Effects of MUL1 and PARKIN on the circadian clock, brain and behaviour in Drosophila Parkinson's disease models. BMC Neurosci 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 31138137 PMCID: PMC6540415 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-019-0506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutants which carry mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial ligases MUL1 and PARKIN are convenient Drosophila models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In several studies it has been shown that in Parkinson’s disease sleep disturbance occurs, which may be the result of a disturbed circadian clock. Results We found that the ROS level was higher, while the anti-oxidant enzyme SOD1 level was lower in mul1A6 and park1 mutants than in the white mutant used as a control. Moreover, mutations of both ligases affected circadian rhythms and the clock. The expression of clock genes per, tim and clock and the level of PER protein were changed in the mutants. Moreover, expression of ATG5, an autophagy protein also involved in circadian rhythm regulation, was decreased in the brain and in PDF-immunoreactive large ventral lateral clock neurons. The observed changes in the molecular clock resulted in a longer period of locomotor activity rhythm, increased total activity and shorter sleep at night. Finally, the lack of both ligases led to decreased longevity and climbing ability of the flies. Conclusions All of the changes observed in the brains of these Drosophila models of PD, in which mitochondrial ligases MUL1 and PARKIN do not function, may explain the mechanisms of some neurological and behavioural symptoms of PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-019-0506-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Doktór
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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22
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Brautigan DL, Shenolikar S. Protein Serine/Threonine Phosphatases: Keys to Unlocking Regulators and Substrates. Annu Rev Biochem 2019; 87:921-964. [PMID: 29925267 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PPPs) are ancient enzymes, with distinct types conserved across eukaryotic evolution. PPPs are segregated into types primarily on the basis of the unique interactions of PPP catalytic subunits with regulatory proteins. The resulting holoenzymes dock substrates distal to the active site to enhance specificity. This review focuses on the subunit and substrate interactions for PPP that depend on short linear motifs. Insights about these motifs from structures of holoenzymes open new opportunities for computational biology approaches to elucidate PPP networks. There is an expanding knowledge base of posttranslational modifications of PPP catalytic and regulatory subunits, as well as of their substrates, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination. Cross talk between these posttranslational modifications creates PPP-based signaling. Knowledge of PPP complexes, signaling clusters, as well as how PPPs communicate with each other in response to cellular signals should unlock the doors to PPP networks and signaling "clouds" that orchestrate and coordinate different aspects of cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Brautigan
- Center for Cell Signaling and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Signature Research Programs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
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23
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Gao P, Li N, Ji K, Wang Y, Xu C, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang J, He N, Sun Z, Du L, Liu Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage. FASEB J 2019; 33:8083-8093. [PMID: 30939244 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802474rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has broad prospective applications as a radiation protection drug, but its mechanism of action is not yet clear. Here, we found that 5 μM RSV can effectively reduce the cell death caused by irradiation. Irradiation leads to G2/M phase arrest in the cell cycle, whereas RSV treatment increases S-phase cell cycle arrest, which is associated with sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) regulation. Meanwhile, RSV promotes DNA damage repair, mainly by accelerating the efficiency of homologous recombination repair. Under oxidative stress, tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) is transported to the nucleus to protect against DNA damage. RSV can promote TyrRS acetylation, thus promoting TyrRS to enter the nucleus, where it regulates the relevant signaling proteins and reduces apoptosis and DNA damage. SIRT1 is a deacetylase, and SIRT1 knockdown or inhibition can increase TyrRS acetylation levels, further reducing radiation-induced apoptosis after RSV treatment. Our study revealed a new radiation protection mechanism for RSV, in which the acetylation of TyrRS and its translocation into the nucleus is promoted, and this mechanism may also represent a novel protective target against irradiation.-Gao, P., Li, N., Ji, K., Wang, Y., Xu, C., Liu, Y., Wang, Q., Wang, J., He, N., Sun, Z., Du, L., Liu, Q. Resveratrol targets TyrRS acetylation to protect against radiation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piaoyang Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningning He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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24
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Kosciuk T, Wang M, Hong JY, Lin H. Updates on the epigenetic roles of sirtuins. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 51:18-29. [PMID: 30875552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a class of enzyme with NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylase activities. They were initially discovered to regulate transcription and life span via histone deacetylase activities. Later studies expanded their activities to other proteins and acyl lysine modifications. Through deacylating various substrate proteins, they regulate many biological processes, including transcription, DNA repair and genome stability, metabolism, and signal transduction. Here, we review recent understandings of the epigenetic functions (broadly defined to include transcriptional, post-transcriptional regulation, and DNA repair) of mammalian sirtuins. Because of the important functions of sirtuins, their own regulation is of great interest and is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsiana Kosciuk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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25
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Doktór B, Damulewicz M, Pyza E. Overexpression of Mitochondrial Ligases Reverses Rotenone-Induced Effects in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30837828 PMCID: PMC6382686 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mul1 and Park are two major mitochondrial ligases responsible for mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria that cannot be removed are a source of an increased level of free radicals, which in turn can destructively affect other cell organelles as well as entire cells. One of the toxins that damages mitochondria is rotenone, a neurotoxin that after exposure displays symptoms typical of Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we showed that overexpressing genes encoding mitochondrial ligases protects neurons during treatment with rotenone. Drosophila strains with overexpressed mul1 or park show a significantly reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, as well as normal motor activity during exposure to rotenone. In the nervous system, rotenone affected synaptic proteins, including Synapsin, Synaptotagmin and Disk Large1, as well as the structure of synaptic vesicles, while high levels of Mul1 or Park suppressed degenerative events at synapses. We concluded that increased levels of mitochondrial ligases are neuroprotective and could be considered in developing new therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Doktór
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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26
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Zheng XW, Shan CS, Xu QQ, Wang Y, Shi YH, Wang Y, Zheng GQ. Buyang Huanwu Decoction Targets SIRT1/VEGF Pathway to Promote Angiogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:911. [PMID: 30564092 PMCID: PMC6288378 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ischemia stroke is known as the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used to prevent and treat stoke for hundreds of years. The purpose of present study is to investigate the effects of BHD on angiogenesis in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury targeting Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) / Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Methods: The cerebral I/R injury model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Adult Sprag-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham group, normal saline (NS) group, BHD group, BHD+EX527 (SIRT1 specific inhibitor) group, and NS+EX527 group. Each group was divided into the subgroups according to 1, 3, 7, or 14 days time-point after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, respectively. Neurological function score (NFS) was evaluated by the Rogers scale; microvascular density (MVD) in brain tissue around infarction area was observed by immunofluorescence; and the expression of SIRT1 and VEGF was assessed by Western Blot and Quantitative Real-time-PCR. Results: BHD can significantly improve NFS (P < 0.05), increase the MVD in the boundary ischemic area (P < 0.01) and elevate the expression of protein and mRNA of SIRT1 and VEGF following I/R injury (P < 0.01). In contrast, treatment with EX527 reversed the BHD-induced improvements in NFS (P < 0.01) and decreased the MVD (P < 0.01) and the expression of SIRT1 and VEGF (P < 0.05). Conclusion: BHD exerts neuroprotection targeting angiogenesis through the up-regulation of SIRT1/VEGF pathway against cerebral ischemic injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Wei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chun-Shuo Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hua Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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27
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Zhang C, Dong H, Chen F, Wang Y, Ma J, Wang G. The HMGB1-RAGE/TLR-TNF-α signaling pathway may contribute to kidney injury induced by hypoxia. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:17-26. [PMID: 30651760 PMCID: PMC6307518 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-reoxygenation process of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may cause oxidative stress injury of the kidney, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and its subsequent inflammatory pathway served a role in kidney injury. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were used to establish hypoxia models: Continuous hypoxia, intermittent hypoxia and intermittent hypoxia with hypercapnia. Rat kidney tissues and peripheral blood samples were obtained. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes were observed by light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to detect the distribution of HMGB1. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of HMGB1, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of active B cells (NF-κB) p65 subunit, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) mRNA in renal tissues. An ELISA was used to detect the expression of soluble TLR2, TLR4, PPAR-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 in peripheral blood. Hematoxylin & eosin staining demonstrated that there was no serious injury to the kidneys due to hypoxia, with the exception of a certain degree of renal tubular epithelial cell vacuolation. By contrast, ultrastructural changes by electron microscopy were more significant in the hypoxia groups compared with the control, including foot process fusion in the glomerulus and degeneration of mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubules. IHC also indicated increased expression of HMGB1 and nuclear translocation in the hypoxia groups. The results of the RT-qPCR demonstrated that hypoxia stimulation increased the expression of HMGB1, PPAR, RAGE and TNF-α mRNA, and decreased the expression of SIRT1 mRNA in kidney tissues (P<0.05). The results of the ELISA suggested that hypoxia stimulation increased the expression of soluble TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in the peripheral blood, and decreased the expression of soluble TLR2 and PPAR-γ. In summary, hypoxia stimulation may cause early renal injury at the subcellular level and increase the expression and translocation of HMGB1. Hypoxia also upregulated the mRNA expression of the HMGB1-RAGE-TNF-α pathway in kidney tissue and increased the expression of soluble TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 in the peripheral blood. This suggested that the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR-TNF-α pathway may contribute to the molecular mechanisms of early renal injury induced by hypoxia. The pathway may contain potential markers for OSA-associated early renal injury and drug intervention targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Fengwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Guangfa Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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28
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SIRT1 reverses senescence via enhancing autophagy and attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through promoting p53 degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:225-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Almanza A, Carlesso A, Chintha C, Creedican S, Doultsinos D, Leuzzi B, Luís A, McCarthy N, Montibeller L, More S, Papaioannou A, Püschel F, Sassano ML, Skoko J, Agostinis P, de Belleroche J, Eriksson LA, Fulda S, Gorman AM, Healy S, Kozlov A, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Rehm M, Chevet E, Samali A. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling - from basic mechanisms to clinical applications. FEBS J 2018; 286:241-278. [PMID: 30027602 PMCID: PMC7379631 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and folding of approximately one‐third of cellular proteins, and is thus inextricably linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and the fine balance between health and disease. Specific ER stress signalling pathways, collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), are required for maintaining ER homeostasis. The UPR is triggered when ER protein folding capacity is overwhelmed by cellular demand and the UPR initially aims to restore ER homeostasis and normal cellular functions. However, if this fails, then the UPR triggers cell death. In this review, we provide a UPR signalling‐centric view of ER functions, from the ER's discovery to the latest advancements in the understanding of ER and UPR biology. Our review provides a synthesis of intracellular ER signalling revolving around proteostasis and the UPR, its impact on other organelles and cellular behaviour, its multifaceted and dynamic response to stress and its role in physiology, before finally exploring the potential exploitation of this knowledge to tackle unresolved biological questions and address unmet biomedical needs. Thus, we provide an integrated and global view of existing literature on ER signalling pathways and their use for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Almanza
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Antonio Carlesso
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Chetan Chintha
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Dimitrios Doultsinos
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Brian Leuzzi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andreia Luís
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole McCarthy
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Luigi Montibeller
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Sanket More
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Franziska Püschel
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Livia Sassano
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josip Skoko
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Cell Death and Therapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jackie de Belleroche
- Neurogenetics Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Adrienne M Gorman
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sandra Healy
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrey Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eric Chevet
- INSERM U1242, University of Rennes, France.,Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Hypothyroidism Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Adult Rat Hippocampus: A Mechanism Associated with Hippocampal Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2089404. [PMID: 29743975 PMCID: PMC5884203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2089404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for hippocampal neuronal viability in adulthood, and their deficiency causes hypothyroidism, which is related to oxidative stress events and neuronal damage. Also, it has been hypothesized that hypothyroidism causes a glucose deprivation in the neuron. This study is aimed at evaluating the temporal participation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERE) in hippocampal neurons of adult hypothyroid rats and its association with the oxidative stress events. Adult Wistar male rats were divided into euthyroid and hypothyroid groups. Thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland reimplementation caused hypothyroidism at three weeks postsurgery. Oxidative stress, redox environment, and antioxidant enzyme markers, as well as the expression of the ERE through the pathways of PERK, ATF6, and IRE1, were evaluated at the 3rd and 4th weeks postsurgery. We found a rise in ROS and nitrite production; also, catalase increased and glutathione peroxidase diminished their activities. These events promote an enhancement of the lipoperoxidation, as well as of γ-GT, myeloperoxidase, and caspase 3 activities. With respect to ERE, there were ATF6, IRE1, and GADD153 overexpressions with a reduction in mitochondrial activity and GSH2/GSSG ratio. We conclude that the endoplasmic reticulum stress might play a pivotal role in the activation of hypothyroidism-induced hippocampal cell death.
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Goh CW, Lee IC, Sundaram JR, George SE, Yusoff P, Brush MH, Sze NSK, Shenolikar S. Chronic oxidative stress promotes GADD34-mediated phosphorylation of the TAR DNA-binding protein TDP-43, a modification linked to neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:163-176. [PMID: 29109149 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.814111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses are hallmarks of the pathophysiology of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. In these stresses, different kinases phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2α, enabling the translation of stress response genes; among these is GADD34, the protein product of which recruits the α-isoform of protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit (PP1α) and eIF2α to assemble a phosphatase complex catalyzing eIF2α dephosphorylation and resumption of protein synthesis. Aberrations in this pathway underlie the aforementioned disorders. Previous observations indicating that GADD34 is induced by arsenite, a thiol-directed oxidative stressor, in the absence of eIF2α phosphorylation suggest other roles for GADD34. Here, we report that arsenite-induced oxidative stress differs from thapsigargin- or tunicamycin-induced ER stress in promoting GADD34 transcription and the preferential translation of its mRNA in the absence of eIF2α phosphorylation. Arsenite also stabilized GADD34 protein, slowing its degradation. In response to oxidative stress, but not ER stress, GADD34 recruited TDP-43, and enhanced cytoplasmic distribution and cysteine modifications of TDP-43 promoted its binding to GADD34. Arsenite also recruited a TDP-43 kinase, casein kinase-1ϵ (CK1ϵ), to GADD34. Concomitant with TDP-43 aggregation and proteolysis after prolonged arsenite exposure, GADD34-bound CK1ϵ catalyzed TDP-43 phosphorylations at serines 409/410, which were diminished or absent in GADD34-/- cells. Our findings highlight that the phosphatase regulator, GADD34, also functions as a kinase scaffold in response to chronic oxidative stress and recruits CK1ϵ and oxidized TDP-43 to facilitate its phosphorylation, as seen in TDP-43 proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Wenhui Goh
- Signature Research Programs in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Irene Chengjie Lee
- Signature Research Programs in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jeyapriya Rajameenakshi Sundaram
- Signature Research Programs in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Simi Elizabeth George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Permeen Yusoff
- Signature Research Programs in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Matthew Hayden Brush
- Ontology Development group, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Newman Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Signature Research Programs in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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