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Joubert F, Puff N. Mitochondrial Cristae Architecture and Functions: Lessons from Minimal Model Systems. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070465. [PMID: 34201754 PMCID: PMC8306996 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells. Energy production occurs in specific dynamic membrane invaginations in the inner mitochondrial membrane called cristae. Although the integrity of these structures is recognized as a key point for proper mitochondrial function, less is known about the mechanisms at the origin of their plasticity and organization, and how they can influence mitochondria function. Here, we review the studies which question the role of lipid membrane composition based mainly on minimal model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Joubert
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UMR 8237, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Nicolas Puff
- Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Université, UFR 925 Physique, 75005 Paris, France
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, UMR 7057 CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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2
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Drücker P, Iacovache I, Bachler S, Zuber B, Babiychuk EB, Dittrich PS, Draeger A. Membrane deformation and layer-by-layer peeling of giant vesicles induced by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:3693-3705. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00134d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membranes under attack by the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin reveal a hitherto unknown layer-by-layer peeling mechanism and disclose the multilamellar structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Drücker
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology
| | - Ioan Iacovache
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Simon Bachler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Benoît Zuber
- Laboratory of Experimental Morphology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Eduard B. Babiychuk
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- 4058 Basel
- Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Department of Cell Biology
- Institute of Anatomy
- University of Bern
- 3000 Bern 9
- Switzerland
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De Franceschi N, Alqabandi M, Miguet N, Caillat C, Mangenot S, Weissenhorn W, Bassereau P. The ESCRT protein CHMP2B acts as a diffusion barrier on reconstituted membrane necks. J Cell Sci 2018; 132:jcs.217968. [PMID: 29967034 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.217968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III family proteins catalyze membrane remodeling processes that stabilize and constrict membrane structures. It has been proposed that stable ESCRT-III complexes containing CHMP2B could establish diffusion barriers at the post-synaptic spine neck. In order to better understand this process, we developed a novel method based on fusion of giant unilamellar vesicles to reconstitute ESCRT-III proteins inside GUVs, from which membrane nanotubes are pulled. The new assay ensures that ESCRT-III proteins polymerize only when they become exposed to physiologically relevant membrane topology mimicking the complex geometry of post-synaptic spines. We establish that CHMP2B, both full-length and with a C-terminal deletion (ΔC), preferentially binds to membranes containing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Moreover, we show that CHMP2B preferentially accumulates at the neck of membrane nanotubes, and provide evidence that CHMP2B-ΔC prevents the diffusion of PI(4,5)P2 lipids and membrane-bound proteins across the tube neck. This indicates that CHMP2B polymers formed at a membrane neck may function as a diffusion barrier, highlighting a potential important function of CHMP2B in maintaining synaptic spine structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola De Franceschi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Alqabandi
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Miguet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Caillat
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephanie Mangenot
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Winfried Weissenhorn
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 71, avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patricia Bassereau
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR168, 75005 Paris, France .,Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
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4
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Noothalapati H, Iwasaki K, Yoshimoto C, Yoshikiyo K, Nishikawa T, Ando M, Hamaguchi HO, Yamamoto T. Imaging phospholipid conformational disorder and packing in giant multilamellar liposome by confocal Raman microspectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 187:186-190. [PMID: 28689162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are closed phospholipid bilayer systems that have profound applications in fundamental cell biology, pharmaceutics and medicine. Depending on the composition (pure or mixture of phospholipids, presence of cholesterol) and preparation protocol, intra- and inter-chain molecular interactions vary leading to changes in the quality (order and packing) of liposomes. So far it is not possible to image conformational disorders and packing densities within a liposome in a straightforward manner. In this study, we utilized confocal Raman microspectroscopy to visualize structural disorders and packing efficiency within a giant multilamellar liposome model by focusing mainly on three regions in the vibrational spectrum (CC stretching, CH deformation and CH stretching). We estimated properties such as trans/gauche isomers and lateral packing probability. Interestingly, our Raman imaging studies revealed gel phase rich domains and heterogeneous lateral packing within the giant multilamellar liposome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Keita Iwasaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Chikako Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yoshikiyo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tomoe Nishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ando
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Hiro-O Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan; Institute of Molecular Science and Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamamoto
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan; Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
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5
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Altered Traffic of Cardiolipin during Apoptosis: Exposure on the Cell Surface as a Trigger for "Antiphospholipid Antibodies". J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:847985. [PMID: 26491702 PMCID: PMC4603604 DOI: 10.1155/2015/847985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis has been reported to induce changes in the remodelling of membrane lipids; after death receptor engagement, specific changes of lipid composition occur not only at the plasma membrane, but also in intracellular membranes. This paper focuses on one important aspect of apoptotic changes in cellular lipids, namely, the redistribution of the mitochondria-specific phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). CL predominantly resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane, even if the rapid remodelling of its acyl chains and the subsequent degradation occur in other membrane organelles. After death receptor stimulation, CL appears to concentrate into mitochondrial “raft-like” microdomains at contact sites between inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, leading to local oligomerization of proapoptotic proteins, including Bid. Clustering of Bid in CL-enriched contacts sites is interconnected with pathways of CL remodelling that intersect membrane traffic routes dependent upon actin. In addition, CL association with cytoskeleton protein vimentin was observed. Such novel association also indicated that CL molecules may be expressed at the cell surface following apoptotic stimuli. This observation adds a novel implication of biomedical relevance. The association of CL with vimentin at the cell surface may represent a “new” target antigen in the context of the apoptotic origin of anti-vimentin/CL autoantibodies in Antiphospholipid Syndrome.
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Lu YW, Claypool SM. Disorders of phospholipid metabolism: an emerging class of mitochondrial disease due to defects in nuclear genes. Front Genet 2015; 6:3. [PMID: 25691889 PMCID: PMC4315098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human nuclear and mitochondrial genomes co-exist within each cell. While the mitochondrial genome encodes for a limited number of proteins, transfer RNAs, and ribosomal RNAs, the vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome. Of the multitude of mitochondrial disorders known to date, only a fifth are maternally inherited. The recent characterization of the mitochondrial proteome therefore serves as an important step toward delineating the nosology of a large spectrum of phenotypically heterogeneous diseases. Following the identification of the first nuclear gene defect to underlie a mitochondrial disorder, a plenitude of genetic variants that provoke mitochondrial pathophysiology have been molecularly elucidated and classified into six categories that impact: (1) oxidative phosphorylation (subunits and assembly factors); (2) mitochondrial DNA maintenance and expression; (3) mitochondrial protein import and assembly; (4) mitochondrial quality control (chaperones and proteases); (5) iron–sulfur cluster homeostasis; and (6) mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion). Here, we propose that an additional class of genetic variant be included in the classification schema to acknowledge the role of genetic defects in phospholipid biosynthesis, remodeling, and metabolism in mitochondrial pathophysiology. This seventh class includes a small but notable group of nuclear-encoded proteins whose dysfunction impacts normal mitochondrial phospholipid metabolism. The resulting human disorders present with a diverse array of pathologic consequences that reflect the variety of functions that phospholipids have in mitochondria and highlight the important role of proper membrane homeostasis in mitochondrial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Zupanc J, Drašler B, Boljte S, Kralj-Iglič V, Iglič A, Erdogmus D, Drobne D. Lipid vesicle shape analysis from populations using light video microscopy and computer vision. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113405. [PMID: 25426933 PMCID: PMC4245123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a method for giant lipid vesicle shape analysis that combines manually guided large-scale video microscopy and computer vision algorithms to enable analyzing vesicle populations. The method retains the benefits of light microscopy and enables non-destructive analysis of vesicles from suspensions containing up to several thousands of lipid vesicles (1–50 µm in diameter). For each sample, image analysis was employed to extract data on vesicle quantity and size distributions of their projected diameters and isoperimetric quotients (measure of contour roundness). This process enables a comparison of samples from the same population over time, or the comparison of a treated population to a control. Although vesicles in suspensions are heterogeneous in sizes and shapes and have distinctively non-homogeneous distribution throughout the suspension, this method allows for the capture and analysis of repeatable vesicle samples that are representative of the population inspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Zupanc
- Seyens Ltd., Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Drašler
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Boljte
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Deniz Erdogmus
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Prakasam A, Ghose S, Oleinik NV, Bethard JR, Peterson YK, Krupenko NI, Krupenko SA. JNK1/2 regulate Bid by direct phosphorylation at Thr59 in response to ALDH1L1. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1358. [PMID: 25077544 PMCID: PMC4123105 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (Bid) is a BH3-only pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Its function in apoptosis is associated with the proteolytic cleavage to the truncated form tBid, mainly by caspase-8. tBid translocates to mitochondria and assists Bax and Bak in induction of apoptosis. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent alternative processing of Bid to jBid was also reported. We have previously shown that the folate stress enzyme 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (ALDH1L1) activates JNK1 and JNK2 in cancer cells as a pro-apoptotic response. Here we report that in PC-3 prostate cancer cells, JNK1/2 phosphorylate Bid at Thr59 within the caspase cleavage site in response to ALDH1L1. In vitro, all three JNK isoforms, JNK 1–3, phosphorylated Thr59 of Bid with JNK1 being the least active. Thr59 phosphorylation protected Bid from cleavage by caspase-8, resulting in strong accumulation of the full-length protein and its translocation to mitochondria. Interestingly, although we did not observe jBid in response to ALDH1L1 in PC-3 cells, transient expression of Bid mutants lacking the caspase-8 cleavage site resulted in strong accumulation of jBid. Of note, a T59D mutant mimicking constitutive phosphorylation revealed more profound cleavage of Bid to jBid. JNK-driven Bid accumulation had a pro-apoptotic effect in our study: small interfering RNA silencing of either JNK1/2 or Bid prevented Bid phosphorylation and accumulation, and rescued ALDH1L1-expressing cells. As full-length Bid is a weaker apoptogen than tBid, we propose that the phosphorylation of Bid by JNKs, followed by the accumulation of the full-length protein, delays attainment of apoptosis, and allows the cell to evaluate the stress and make a decision regarding the response strategy. This mechanism perhaps can be modified by the alternative cleavage of phospho-T59 Bid to jBid at some conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prakasam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S Ghose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N V Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J R Bethard
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y K Peterson
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - N I Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - S A Krupenko
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA [2] Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Paterson DJ, Reboud J, Wilson R, Tassieri M, Cooper JM. Integrating microfluidic generation, handling and analysis of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:1806-10. [PMID: 24789498 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00199k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The key roles played by phospholipids in many cellular processes, has led to the development of model systems, to explore both lipid-lipid and lipid-peptide interactions. Biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles represent close facsimiles of in vivo cellular membranes, although currently their widespread use in research is hindered by difficulties involving their integration into high-throughput techniques, for exploring membrane biology intensively in situ. This paper presents an integrated microfluidic device for the production, manipulation and high-throughput analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles. Its utility is demonstrated by exploring the lipid interaction dynamics of the pore-forming antimicrobial peptide melittin, assessed through the release of fluorescent dyes from within biomimetic vesicles, with membrane compositions similar to mammalian plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Paterson
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Rankine Building, 78 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK.
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Hermann E, Bleicken S, Subburaj Y, García-Sáez AJ. Automated analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles using circular Hough transformation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 30:1747-54. [PMID: 24554630 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btu102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION In order to obtain statistically relevant results, the study of membrane effects at the single-vesicle level requires the analysis of several hundreds of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), which becomes a very time-consuming task if carried out manually. Complete and user-friendly software for fast and bias-free automated analysis has not been reported yet. RESULTS We developed a framework for the automated detection, tracking and analysis of individual GUVs on digital microscopy images. Our tool is suited to quantify protein binding to membranes as well as several aspects of membrane permeabilization on single vesicles. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach by comparing alternative activation methods for Bax, a pore-forming protein involved in mitochondrial permeabilization during apoptosis. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The complete software is implemented in MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc., USA) and available as a standalone as well as the full source code at http://www.ifib.uni-tuebingen.de/research/garcia-saez/guv-software.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Hermann
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart and Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bleicken
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart and Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yamunadevi Subburaj
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart and Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstr. 3, 70569 Stuttgart and Interfaculty Institute for Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 4, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Czogalla A, Grzybek M, Jones W, Coskun U. Validity and applicability of membrane model systems for studying interactions of peripheral membrane proteins with lipids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:1049-59. [PMID: 24374254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane serves, at the same time, both as a barrier that segregates as well as a functional layer that facilitates selective communication. It is characterized as much by the complexity of its components as by the myriad of signaling process that it supports. And, herein lays the problems in its study and understanding of its behavior - it has a complex and dynamic nature that is further entangled by the fact that many events are both temporal and transient in their nature. Model membrane systems that bypass cellular complexity and compositional diversity have tremendously accelerated our understanding of the mechanisms and biological consequences of lipid-lipid and protein-lipid interactions. Concurrently, in some cases, the validity and applicability of model membrane systems are tarnished by inherent methodical limitations as well as undefined quality criteria. In this review we introduce membrane model systems widely used to study protein-lipid interactions in the context of key parameters of the membrane that govern lipid availability for peripheral membrane proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Tools to study lipid functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Czogalla
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany.
| | - Michał Grzybek
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Walis Jones
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany
| | - Unal Coskun
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus at the TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Germany.
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12
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Emerging roles of lipids in BCL-2 family-regulated apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1542-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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13
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Caspase-8 binding to cardiolipin in giant unilamellar vesicles provides a functional docking platform for bid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55250. [PMID: 23418437 PMCID: PMC3572128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-8 is involved in death receptor-mediated apoptosis in type II cells, the proapoptotic programme of which is triggered by truncated Bid. Indeed, caspase-8 and Bid are the known intermediates of this signalling pathway. Cardiolipin has been shown to provide an anchor and an essential activating platform for caspase-8 at the mitochondrial membrane surface. Destabilisation of this platform alters receptor-mediated apoptosis in diseases such as Barth Syndrome, which is characterised by the presence of immature cardiolipin which does not allow caspase-8 binding. We used a simplified in vitro system that mimics contact sites and/or cardiolipin-enriched microdomains at the outer mitochondrial surface in which the platform consisting of caspase-8, Bid and cardiolipin was reconstituted in giant unilamellar vesicles. We analysed these vesicles by flow cytometry and confirm previous results that demonstrate the requirement for intact mature cardiolipin for caspase-8 activation and Bid binding and cleavage. We also used confocal microscopy to visualise the rupture of the vesicles and their revesiculation at smaller sizes due to alteration of the curvature following caspase-8 and Bid binding. Biophysical approaches, including Laurdan fluorescence and rupture/tension measurements, were used to determine the ability of these three components (cardiolipin, caspase-8 and Bid) to fulfil the minimal requirements for the formation and function of the platform at the mitochondrial membrane. Our results shed light on the active functional role of cardiolipin, bridging the gap between death receptors and mitochondria.
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14
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Sezgin E, Schwille P. Model membrane platforms to study protein-membrane interactions. Mol Membr Biol 2012; 29:144-54. [DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2012.700490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Tremendous progress has been made in recent years in understanding the working of the living cell, including its micro-anatomy, signalling networks, and regulation of genes. However, an understanding of cellular phenomena using fundamental laws starting from first principles is still very far away. Part of the reason is that a cell is an active and exquisitely complex system where every part is linked to the other. Thus, it is difficult or even impossible to design experiments that selectively and exclusively probe a chosen aspect of the cell. Various kinds of idealised systems and cell models have been used to circumvent this problem. An important example is a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV, also called giant liposome), which provides a cell-sized confined volume to study biochemical reactions as well as self-assembly processes that occur on the membrane. The GUV membrane can be designed suitably to present selected, correctly-oriented cell-membrane proteins, whose mobility is confined to two dimensions. Here, we present recent advances in GUV design and the use of GUVs as cell models that enable quantitative testing leading to insight into the working of real cells. We briefly recapitulate important classical concepts in membrane biophysics emphasising the advantages and limitations of GUVs. We then present results obtained over the last decades using GUVs, choosing the formation of membrane domains and cell adhesion as examples for in-depth treatment. Insight into cell adhesion obtained using micro-interferometry is treated in detail. We conclude by summarising the open questions and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne F Fenz
- Leiden Institute of Physics: Physics of Life Processes, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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16
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Abstract
Frequently, low doses of toxins and other stressors not only are harmless but also activate an adaptive stress response that raise the resistance of the organism against high doses of the same agent. This phenomenon, which is known as "hormesis", is best represented by ischemic preconditioning, the situation in which short ischemic episodes protect the brain and the heart against prolonged shortage of oxygen and nutrients. Many molecules that cause cell death also elicit autophagy, a cytoprotective mechanism relying on the digestion of potentially harmful intracellular structures, notably mitochondria. When high doses of these agents are employed, cells undergo mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and die. In contrast, low doses of such cytotoxic agents can activate hormesis in several paradigms, and this may explain the lifespan-prolonging potential of autophagy inducers including resveratrol and caloric restriction.
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17
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The strong interest in cell death, and the shift in emphasis from basic mechanisms to translational aspects fostered the launch last year of the new sister journal of Cell Death and Differentiation, named Cell Death and Disease, to reflect its stronger focus towards clinical applications. Here, we review that first year of activity, which reflects an enthusiastic response by the scientific community. On the basis of this, we now launch two novel initiatives, the start of a new section dedicated to cancer metabolism and the opening of a new editorial office in Shanghai.
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