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Bu H, Wang B, Wu Y, Li P, Cui Y, Jiang X, Yu X, Liu B, Tang M. Curcumin strengthens a spontaneous self-protective mechanism-SP1/PRDX6 pathway, against di-n-butyl phthalate-induced testicular ferroptosis damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:122165-122181. [PMID: 37966654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
As one of the common plasticizers, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) has been using in various daily consumer products worldwide. Since it is easily released from products and exists in the environment for a long time, it has a lasting impact on human health, especially male reproductive health. However, the detailed mechanism of testicular damage from DBP and the protection strategy are still not clear enough. In this study, we found that DBP could induce dose-dependent ferroptosis in testicular tissue. Mechanism dissection indicates that DBP can upregulate SP1 expression, which could directly transcriptionally upregulate PRDX6, a negative regulator of ferroptosis. Overexpression of PRDX6 or adding SP1 agonist curcumin could suppress the DBP-induced ferroptosis on testicular cells. In vivo, rats were given 500 mg/kg/day DBP orally for 3 weeks; elevated levels of ferroptosis were detected in testicular tissue. When the above-mentioned doses of DBP and curcumin at a dose of 300 mg/kg/day were administered intragastrically simultaneously, the testicular ferroptosis induced by DBP was alleviated. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR of testis tissue showed that the expression of PRDX6 was upregulated under the action of DBP and curcumin. These findings suggest a spontaneous self-protection mechanism of testicular tissue from DBP damage by upregulating SP1 and PRDX6. However, it is not strong enough to resist the DBP-induced ferroptosis. Curcumin can strengthen this self-protection mechanism and weaken the level of ferroptosis induced by DBP. This study may help us to develop a novel therapeutic option with curcumin to protect the testicular tissue from ferroptosis and function impairment by DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Bu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Jiangsu Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
- National Health and Family Planning Commission Contraceptives Adverse Reaction Surveillance Center, Nanjing, 210036, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yankang Cui
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuping Jiang
- Department of Urology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bianjiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Kimura K, Jackson TLB, Huang RCC. Interaction and Collaboration of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC in Regulating the Expression of Cancer-Related Genes to Further Enhance Anticancer Drug Development. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9262-9283. [PMID: 37998757 PMCID: PMC10670631 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (SP1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), and MYC are important transcription factors (TFs). SP1, a constitutively expressed housekeeping gene, regulates diverse yet distinct biological activities; MYC is a master regulator of all key cellular activities including cell metabolism and proliferation; and HIF-1, whose protein level is rapidly increased when the local tissue oxygen concentration decreases, functions as a mediator of hypoxic signals. Systems analyses of the regulatory networks in cancer have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC belong to a group of TFs that function as master regulators of cancer. Therefore, the contributions of these TFs are crucial to the development of cancer. SP1, HIF-1, and MYC are often overexpressed in tumors, which indicates the importance of their roles in the development of cancer. Thus, proper manipulation of SP1, HIF-1, and MYC by appropriate agents could have a strong negative impact on cancer development. Under these circumstances, these TFs have naturally become major targets for anticancer drug development. Accordingly, there are currently many SP1 or HIF-1 inhibitors available; however, designing efficient MYC inhibitors has been extremely difficult. Studies have shown that SP1, HIF-1, and MYC modulate the expression of each other and collaborate to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the interactions and collaborations of SP1, HIF1A, and MYC in the regulation of various cancer-related genes, and their potential implications in the development of anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ru Chih C. Huang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2685, USA
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3
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Hydralazine Revives Cellular and Ocular Lens Health-Span by Ameliorating the Aging and Oxidative-Dependent Loss of the Nrf2-Activated Cellular Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010140. [PMID: 36671002 PMCID: PMC9854670 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of aging-associated diseases is the inability to evoke cellular defense responses. Transcriptional protein Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor) plays a pivotal role in the oxidative stress response, cellular homeostasis, and health span. Nrf2's activation has been identified as a therapeutic target to restore antioxidant defense in aging. Here, we demonstrated that FDA-approved drug, hydralazine (Hyd), was a reactivator of the Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway in various ages and types of mouse (m) or human (h) lens epithelial cells (LECs) and mice lenses in-vitro/in-vivo. This led to Hyd-driven abatement of carbonyls, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced 4-HNE/MDA-adducts with cytoprotection, and extended lens healthspan by delaying/preventing lens opacity against aging/oxidative stress. We elucidated that Hyd activated the protective signaling by inducing Nrf2 to traverse from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and potentiated the ARE response by direct interaction of Nrf2 and ARE sequences of the promoter. Loss-of-function study and cotreatment of Hyd and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or Peroxiredoxin (Prdx)6, specified that Nrf2/ARE-driven increase in the promoter activity was Hyd-dependent. Our study provides proof-of concept evidence and, thereby, paves the way to repurposing Hyd as a therapeutic agent to delay/prevent aging and oxidative-related disorders.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Obligatory Role of AMPK Activation and Antioxidant Defense Pathway in the Regulatory Effects of Metformin on Cellular Protection and Prevention of Lens Opacity. Cells 2022; 11:3021. [PMID: 36230981 PMCID: PMC9563310 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing levels of oxidative-stress due to deterioration of the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor)/ARE (antioxidant response element) pathway is found to be a primary cause of aging pathobiology. Metformin having anti-aging effects can delay/halt aging-related diseases. Herein, using lens epithelial cell lines (LECs) of human (h) or mouse (m) and aging h/m primary LECs along with lenses as model systems, we demonstrated that Metformin could correct deteriorated Bmal1/Nrf2/ARE pathway by reviving AMPK-activation, and transcriptional activities of Bmal1/Nrf2, resulting in increased antioxidants enzymatic activity and expression of Phase II enzymes. This ensued reactive oxygen species (ROS) mitigation with cytoprotection and prevention of lens opacity in response to aging/oxidative stress. It was intriguing to observe that Metformin internalized lens/LECs and upregulated OCTs (Organic Cation Transporters). Mechanistically, we found that Metformin evoked AMPK activation-dependent increase of Bmal1, Nrf2, and antioxidants transcription by promoting direct E-Box and ARE binding of Bmal1 and Nrf2 to the promoters. Loss-of-function and disruption of E-Box/ARE identified that Metformin acted by increasing Bmal1/Nrf2-mediated antioxidant expression. Data showed that AMPK-activation was a requisite for Bmal1/Nrf2-antioxidants-mediated defense, as pharmacologically inactivating AMPK impeded the Metformin's effect. Collectively, the results for the first-time shed light on the hitherto incompletely uncovered crosstalk between the AMPK and Bmal1/Nrf2/antioxidants mediated by Metformin for blunting oxidative/aging-linked pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Li HT, Tan F, Zhang TH, Cao LH, Tan HY, Lin WQ, Zeng WA, Chi XJ. Peroxiredoxin 6 mediates the protective function of curcumin pretreatment in acute lung injury induced by serum from patients undergoing one-lung ventilation in vitro. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:192. [PMID: 35549905 PMCID: PMC9101832 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-01988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin has attracted much attention due to its wide range of therapeutic effects. In this study, we used serum collected from patients undergoing one-lung ventilation (OLV) to establish an in vitro acute lung injury (ALI) model to explore the potential protective mechanism of curcumin on ALI. Our study provides a new reference for the prevention and treatment of ALI induced by OLV. Methods A549 cells were treated with 20% serum from patients undergoing OLV to establish an in vitro ALI model. Curcumin, at a dose of 40 μg/ml, was administered two hours prior to this model. The levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers were observed by Western blot, qRT–PCR, ELISA and reactive oxygen species assay. Additionally, the expression of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and proteins involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway was evaluated. Results Twenty percent of serum collected from patients undergoing OLV downregulated the expression of Prdx6, leading to the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was associated with the subsequent overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Pretreatment with curcumin restored Prdx6 downregulation and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of P65, eventually reducing inflammation and oxidative stress damage in A549 cells. Conclusions Prdx6 mediated the protective function of curcumin by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway in ALI in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510635, China
| | - Tian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Long-Hui Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hong-Ying Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wen-Qian Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wei-An Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Xin-Jin Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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Switching of Redox Signaling by Prdx6 Expression Decides Cellular Fate by Hormetic Phenomena Involving Nrf2 and Reactive Oxygen Species. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081266. [PMID: 35455944 PMCID: PMC9028283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to remodeling of antioxidant defense can affect the status of biological homeostasis in aging/oxidative stress. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), an antioxidant gene downstream target for the Nrf2 pathway, plays a role in regulating ROS homeostasis. Using aging human (h) lens epithelial cells (LECs) or Prdx6-deficient (Prdx6-/-) mouse (m) LECs, here we showed that dichlorofluorescein (DCF) oxidation or H2O2 were strictly controlled by Prdx6. We observed that a moderate degree of oxidative stress augmented Nrf2-mediated Prdx6 expression, while higher doses of H2O2 (≥100 µM) caused a dramatic loss of Prdx6 expression, resulting in increased DCF oxidation and H2O2 amplification and cell death. Mechanistically, at increased oxidative stress, Nrf2 upregulated transcriptional factor Klf9, and that Klf9 bound to the promoter and repressed the Prdx6 gene. Similarly, cells overexpressing Klf9 displayed Klf9-dependent Prdx6 suppression and DCF oxidation with H2O2 amplification, while ShKlf9 reversed the process. Our data revealed that H2O2 and DCF oxidation levels play a hormetical role, and the Nrf2-Klf9-Prdx6 pathway is pivotal for the phenomena under the conditions of oxidative load/aging. On the whole, the results demonstrate that oxidative hormetical response is essentially based on levels of oxidative triggering and the status of Klf9-Prdx6 pathway activation; thus, Klf9 can be considered as a therapeutic target for hormetic shifting of cellular defense to improve protective resilience to oxidative stress.
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7
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Szeliga M. Comprehensive analysis of the expression levels and prognostic values of PRDX family genes in glioma. Neurochem Int 2021; 153:105256. [PMID: 34968631 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are a histologically and molecularly heterogeneous group of neoplasms accounting for 80% of malignant primary brain tumors. Growing evidence suggests that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is linked to glioma pathogenesis, although it is still unclear whether it is a cause or an effect of this process. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), a family of six antioxidant proteins, may promote or inhibit carcinogenesis, depending on the tumor type and stage. The current knowledge on their expression, regulation and functions in glioma is scarce. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of PRDXs expression in distinct glioma subtypes and non-tumor brain tissues was conducted using gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), REpository for Molecular BRAin NeoplasiaDaTa (REMBRANDT), The Chinese Glioma Atlas (CGGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The association between gene expression and patient survival was investigated. DNA methylation, mutations, copy number alterations of deregulated PRDXs as well as the correlation between gene expression and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were assessed. The analysis revealed overexpression of PRDX1, PRDX4, and PRDX6 in most histological glioma types compared to the non-tumor tissues, while PRDX2, PRDX3 and PRDX5 expression remained unaltered. The expression of PRDX4 and PRDX6 was higher in mesenchymal than proneural and classical glioma subtypes. Moreover, lower expression of PRDX1, PRDX4 and PRDX6 was observed in tumors with a glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) compared to non-G-CIMP tumors, as well as in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant and 1p/19q co-deleted gliomas compared to the wild-type counterparts. High expression of PRDX1, PRDX4 or PRDX6 correlated with poor survival of glioma patients. PRDX1 and PRDX6 displayed a positive correlation with different immune cell population in low grade gliomas and, to a lesser extent, in glioblastoma. PRDX1 expression exhibited negative correlation with DNA methylation. These results indicate that high expression of PRDX1, PRDX4 and PRDX6 is associated with poor outcome in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szeliga
- Department of Neurotoxicology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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He K, Luo X, Wen M, Wang C, Qin C, Shao J, Gan L, Dong R, Jiang H. Effect of acute ammonia toxicity on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in head kidney macrophage of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the alleviation of curcumin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109098. [PMID: 34139380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most major pollutant and stress factors of aquaculture systems, and has seriously endangered fish health. However, few studies have been performed on mechanisms of the detrimental impact of ammonia stress and mitigation in fish. A study was carried out to investigate the response of genes involved in inflammation, antioxidation, polarization and apoptosis in head kidney macrophages to acute ammonia toxicity, and the alleviation effect of curcumin. The cells were divided into six groups, as follows: The control group composed of untreated macrophages (CON), the experimental groups, consisting of macrophages treated with 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia (AM), 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (CUR), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 5 μmol L-1 curcumin (5A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 25 μmol L-1 curcumin (25A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (45A). The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of curcumin for 1 h and then incubated with ammonia for 24 h. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could increase ROS levels, up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB p65 and COX-2), decrease cell viability, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), but curcumin could alleviate the adverse effect of ammonia toxicity. Overall, these results have important implications for understanding of the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and the mitigating effect of curcumin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xueping Luo
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of theYangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China.
| | - Jian Shao
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lei Gan
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ranran Dong
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Kompella UB, Singh DP. Engineered Sumoylation-Deficient Prdx6 Mutant Protein-Loaded Nanoparticles Provide Increased Cellular Defense and Prevent Lens Opacity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081245. [PMID: 34439493 PMCID: PMC8389307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Sumoylation-mediated protein dysfunction is involved in a variety of oxidative and aging pathologies. We previously reported that Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6K(lysine)122/142R(Arginine) linked to the TAT-transduction domain gained stability and protective efficacy. In the present study, we formulated wild-type TAT-HA-Prdx6WT and Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to further enhance stability, protective activities, and sustained delivery. We found that in vitro and subconjuctival delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6-NPs provided a greater protection of lens epithelial cells (LECs) derived from human and Prdx6-/--deficient mouse lenses against oxidative stress, and it also delayed the lens opacity in Shumiya cataract rats (SCRs) than TAT-HA-Prdx6WT-NPs. The encapsulation efficiencies of TAT-HA-Prdx6-NPs were ≈56%-62%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses showed that the NPs were spherical, with a size of 50-250 nm and a negative zeta potential (≈23 mV). TAT-HA-Prdx6 analog-NPs released bioactive TAT-HA-Prdx6 (6%-7%) within 24 h. Sumoylation-deficient TAT-HA-Prdx6-NPs provided 35% more protection by reducing the oxidative load of LECs exposed to H2O2 compared to TAT-HA-Prdx6WT-NPs. A subconjuctival delivery of TAT-HA-Prdx6 analog-NPs demonstrated that released TAT-HA-Prdx6K122/142R could reduce lens opacity by ≈60% in SCRs. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time that the subconjuctival delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6-NPs is efficiently cytoprotective and provide a proof of concept for potential use to delay cataract and oxidative-related pathobiology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 9200265, Ishikawa, Japan;
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ophthalmology, and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (D.P.S.)
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10
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Levings DC, Lacher SE, Palacios-Moreno J, Slattery M. Transcriptional reprogramming by oxidative stress occurs within a predefined chromatin accessibility landscape. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:319-331. [PMID: 33992677 PMCID: PMC8608001 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in many physiological processes, yet excess ROS leads to cell damage and can lead to pathology. Accordingly, cells need to maintain tight regulation of ROS levels, and ROS-responsive transcriptional reprogramming is central to this process. Although it has long been recognized that oxidative stress leads to rapid, significant changes in gene expression, the impact of oxidative stress on the underlying chromatin accessibility landscape remained unclear. Here, we asked whether ROS-responsive transcriptional reprogramming is accompanied by reprogramming of the chromatin environment in MCF7 human breast cancer cells. Using a time-course exposure to multiple inducers of oxidative stress, we determined that the widespread ROS-responsive changes in gene expression induced by ROS occur with minimal changes to the chromatin environment. While we did observe changes in chromatin accessibility, these changes were: (1) far less numerous than gene expression changes after oxidative stress, and (2) occur within pre-existing regions of accessible chromatin. Transcription factor (TF) footprinting analysis of our ATAC-seq experiments identified 5 TFs or TF families with evidence for ROS-responsive changes in DNA binding: NRF2, AP-1, p53, NFY, and SP/KLF. Importantly, several of these (AP-1, NF-Y, and SP/KLF factors) have not been previously implicated as widespread regulators in the response to ROS. In summary, we have characterized genome-wide changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility in response to ROS treatment of MCF7 cells, and we have found that regulation of the large-scale transcriptional response to excess ROS is primarily constrained by the cell's pre-existing chromatin landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sarah E Lacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Juan Palacios-Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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11
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Peroxiredoxins-The Underrated Actors during Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060977. [PMID: 34207367 PMCID: PMC8234473 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections, has attributed much attention in the past years. It has been shown that different viruses that cause acute or chronic diseases induce oxidative stress in infected cells and dysregulate antioxidant its antioxidant capacity. However, most studies focused on catalase and superoxide dismutases, whereas a family of peroxiredoxins (Prdx), the most effective peroxide scavengers, were given little or no attention. In the current review, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydrogen and organic peroxides at their physiological concentrations at various cell compartments, unlike many other antioxidant enzymes, and discuss their recycling. We also provide data on the regulation of their expression by various transcription factors, as they can be compared with the imprint of viruses on transcriptional machinery. Next, we discuss the involvement of peroxiredoxins in transferring signals from ROS on specific proteins by promoting the oxidation of target cysteine groups, as well as briefly demonstrate evidence of nonenzymatic, chaperone, functions of Prdx. Finally, we give an account of the current state of research of peroxiredoxins for various viruses. These data clearly show that Prdx have not been given proper attention despite all the achievements in general redox biology.
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Sp1 is a substrate of Keap1 and regulates the activity of CRL4A WDR23 ubiquitin ligase toward Nrf2. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100704. [PMID: 33895141 PMCID: PMC8141886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a critical transcription factor that orchestrates cellular responses to oxidative stress. Because the dysregulation of Nrf2 has been implicated in many diseases, precise regulation of its protein level is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and WD40 repeat protein 23 (WDR23) directly regulate Nrf2 levels via similar but distinct proteasome-dependent pathways. WDR23 forms a part of the WDR23-Cullin 4A-RING ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4AWDR23), whereas Keap1 serves as a substrate adaptor for the Cullin 3–containing ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the mechanisms underlying crosstalk between these Keap1 and WDR23 pathways for the regulation of Nrf2 levels have not been investigated. Here, we showed that knockdown (KD) of Keap1 upregulated the expression of Cullin4A (CUL4A) in a specificity protein 1 (Sp1)–dependent manner. We also revealed that Sp1 interacted with Keap1, leading to ubiquitination of Sp1. Increases in Sp1 by Keap1 KD triggered Sp1 binding to the fourth Sp1 binding site (Sp1_M4) within the −230/+50 region of the CUL4A gene. We also demonstrated that the overexpression and KD of Sp1 reduced and increased Nrf2 protein levels, respectively. These effects were abrogated by the WDR23 KD, suggesting that Sp1 also regulates Nrf2 levels via the ubiquitin ligase complex CRL4AWDR23. In conclusion, we discovered Sp1 as a novel substrate of Keap1 and provided evidence that Sp1 regulates the expression of CUL4A. We revealed a novel role for Sp1 in mediating crosstalk between two independent regulators of Nrf2 protein levels.
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Zhang Q, Hu Y, Hu JE, Ding Y, Shen Y, Xu H, Chen H, Wu N. Sp1-mediated upregulation of Prdx6 expression prevents podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119529. [PMID: 33894270 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocyte damage is considered to be one of the main mechanisms leading to Diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the relevant mechanism of podocyte injury is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) on the pathogenesis of podocyte injury induced by high glucose (HG). The mouse glomerular podocyte MPC5 was stimulated with 30 nM glucose, and the Prdx6 overexpression vector or specificity protein 1 (Sp1) overexpression vector was transfected into MPC5 cells before the high glucose stimulation. As results, HG treatment significantly reduced the expression of Prdx6 and Sp1 in MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression increased cell viability, while inhibited podocyte death, inflammation and podocyte destruction in HG-induced MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression inhibited HG-induced ROS and MDA production, while restored SOD and GSH activity in MPC5 cells. Prdx6 overexpression also eliminated ferroptosis caused by HG, which was reflected in the suppression of iron accumulation and the increase in SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression. The improvement effect of Prdx6 on HG-induced podocyte damage could be eliminated by erastin. Moreover, Sp1 could bind to the three Sp1 response elements in the Prdx6 promoter, thereby directly regulating the transcriptional activation of Prdx6 in podocytes. Silencing Sp1 could eliminate the effect of Prdx6 on HG-induced podocyte damage. Further, Prdx6 overexpression attenuated renal injuries in streptozotocin-induced DN mice. Sp1-mediated upregulation of Prdx6 expression prevents podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via mitigation of oxidative stress and ferroptosis, which may provide new insights for the study of the mechanism of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Yichuan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jin-E Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yanqiu Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Huiqin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shuyang People's Hospital, The Affiliated Shuyang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China
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Chien CH, Hsueh WT, Chuang JY, Chang KY. Dissecting the mechanism of temozolomide resistance and its association with the regulatory roles of intracellular reactive oxygen species in glioblastoma. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:18. [PMID: 33685470 PMCID: PMC7938520 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00717-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor that is usually considered fatal even with treatment. This is often a result for tumor to develop resistance. Regarding the standard chemotherapy, the alkylating agent temozolomide is effective in disease control but the recurrence will still occur eventually. The mechanism of the resistance is various, and differs in terms of innate or acquired. To date, aberrations in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase are the clear factor that determines drug susceptibility. Alterations of the other DNA damage repair genes such as DNA mismatch repair genes are also known to affect the drug effect. Together these genes have roles in the innate resistance, but are not sufficient for explaining the mechanism leading to acquired resistance. Recent identification of specific cellular subsets with features of stem-like cells may have role in this process. The glioma stem-like cells are known for its superior ability in withstanding the drug-induced cytotoxicity, and giving the chance to repopulate the tumor. The mechanism is complicated to administrate cellular protection, such as the enhancing ability against reactive oxygen species and altering energy metabolism, the important steps to survive. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanism for these specific cellular subsets to evade cancer treatment, and the possible impact to the following treatment courses. In addition, we also discuss the possibility that can overcome this obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hung Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsueh
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Yu Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 367 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan. .,Department of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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The Protective Effects of Flavonoids in Cataract Formation through the Activation of Nrf2 and the Inhibition of MMP-9. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123651. [PMID: 33261005 PMCID: PMC7759919 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cataracts account for over half of global blindness. Cataracts formations occur mainly due to aging and to the direct insults of oxidative stress and inflammation to the eye lens. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcriptional factor for cell cytoprotection, is known as the master regulator of redox homeostasis. Nrf2 regulates nearly 600 genes involved in cellular protection against contributing factors of oxidative stress, including aging, disease, and inflammation. Nrf2 was reported to disrupt the oxidative stress that activates Nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and proinflammatory cytokines. One of these cytokines is matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which participates in the decomposition of lens epithelial cells (LECs) extracellular matrix and has been correlated with cataract development. Thus, during inflammatory processes, MMP production may be attenuated by the Nrf2 pathway or by the Nrf2 inhibition of NFκB pathway activation. Moreover, plant-based polyphenols have garnered attention due to their presumed safety and efficacy, nutritional, and antioxidant effects. Polyphenol compounds can activate Nrf2 and inhibit MMP-9. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing Nrf2's role in oxidative stress and cataract formation, epigenetic effect in Nrf2 activity, and the association between Nrf2 and MMP-9 in cataract development. Moreover, we describe the protective role of flavonoids in cataract formation, targeting Nrf2 activation and MMP-9 synthesis inhibition as potential molecular targets in preventing cataracts.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh DP. Clock Protein Bmal1 and Nrf2 Cooperatively Control Aging or Oxidative Response and Redox Homeostasis by Regulating Rhythmic Expression of Prdx6. Cells 2020; 9:E1861. [PMID: 32784474 PMCID: PMC7463585 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many disorders of aging, including blinding-diseases, are associated with deficiency of brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) and, thereby, dysregulation of antioxidant-defense pathway. However, knowledge is limited regarding the role of Bmal1 regulation of antioxidant-pathway in the eye lens/lens epithelial cells (LECs) at the molecular level. We found that, in aging human (h)LECs, a progressive decline of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ARE (antioxidant response element)-mediated antioxidant genes was connected to Bmal1-deficiency, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell-death. Bmal1-depletion disrupted Nrf2 and expression of its target antioxidant genes, like Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). DNA binding and transcription assays showed that Bmal1 controlled expression by direct binding to E-Box in Prdx6 promoter to regulate its transcription. Mutation at E-Box or ARE reduced promoter activity, while disruption of both sites diminished the activity, suggesting that both sites were required for peak Prdx6-transcription. As in aging hLECs, ROS accumulation was increased in Bmal1-deficient cells and the cells were vulnerable to death. Intriguingly, Bmal1/Nrf2/Prdx6 and PhaseII antioxidants showed rhythmic expression in mouse lenses in vivo and were reciprocally linked to ROS levels. We propose that Bmal1 is pivotal for regulating oxidative responses. Findings also reveal a circadian control of antioxidant-pathway, which is important in combating lens/LECs damage induced by aging or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan;
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
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Xu J, Su Q, Gao M, Liang Q, Li J, Chen X. Differential Expression And Effects Of Peroxiredoxin-6 On Drug Resistance And Cancer Stem Cell-Like Properties In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10477-10486. [PMID: 31819528 PMCID: PMC6896930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s211125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are thought to be involved in the cisplatin resistance of tumors. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PRDX6 on CSCs present in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors. Materials and methods CD133+/ABCG2+ H1299 CSCs and A549 CSCs were isolated. The IC50 values for cisplatin in treatment of CSCs were detected using the CCK8 assay. Then the isolated cells were identified using CD133. Wnt/β-catenin expression was evaluated by Western blot assays. Specimens of tumor and adjacent para-carcinoma tissue were collected from 30 NSCLC patients and examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR, and Western blotting to determine and compare their levels of PRDX6 and CD133 expression. Finally, siRNA-mediated silencing of PRDX6 was employed with both types of CSCs to determine the impact of PRDX6 on CD133 enrichment by flow cytometry, cell viability, and sphere formation ability. Results High levels of PRDX6 and CD133 expression were detected in samples of tumor tissue from NSCLC patients, and expression of PRDX6 and CD13 presented a positive relationship. Increasing levels of cisplatin resistance and upregulated levels of PRDX6, ABCG2, Wnt, and β-catenin expression were detected in CD133+/ABCG2+ H1299 and A549 CSCs. Transfection with siRNA targeting PRDX6 changed these cellular characteristics by decreasing the levels of PRDX6, ABCG2, Wnt, and β-catenin expression. We further demonstrated that exogenous silencing of PRDX6 effectively inhibited the sphere formation ability of CSCs and re-sensitized them to cisplatin. Conclusion Our results strongly suggest that PRDX6 promotes cisplatin resistance in human lung cancer cells by promoting the stem-like properties of cancer cells. Our findings also suggest PRDX6 as a target for treating cisplatin resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsong Liang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, People's Republic of China
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Sulforaphane-Induced Klf9/Prdx6 Axis Acts as a Molecular Switch to Control Redox Signaling and Determines Fate of Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101159. [PMID: 31569690 PMCID: PMC6829349 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of transcription factor Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor), modulates antioxidant defense by Nrf2-mediated regulation of antioxidant genes like Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) and affects cellular homeostasis. We previously observed that dose levels of SFN are crucial in determining life or death of lens epithelial cells (LECs). Herein, we demonstrated that higher doses of SFN (>6 μM) activated death signaling by overstimulation of Nrf2/ARE (antioxidant response element)-mediated Kruppel-like factor (Klf9) repression of Prdx6 expression, which increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) load and cell death. Mechanistically, Klf9 bound to its repressive Klf9 binding elements (RKBE; 5-CA/GCCC-3) in the Prdx6 promoter, and repressed Prdx6 transcription. Under the condition of higher dose of SFN, excessive Nrf2 abundance caused death signaling by enforcing Klf9 activation through ARE (5-RTGAYnnnGC-3) in Klf9 promoter that suppress antioxidant genes such as Prdx6 via a Klf9-dependent fashion. Klf9-depletion showed that Klf9 independently caused ROS reduction and subsequent cell survival, demonstrating that Klf9 upregulation caused cell death. Our work revealed the molecular mechanism of dose-dependent altered activity of SFN in LECs, and demonstrated that SFN activity was linked to levels of Nrf2/Klf9/Prdx6 axis. We proposed that in the development of therapeutic interventions for aging/oxidative disorders, combinations of Klf9-ShRNA and Nrf2 inducers may prove to be a promising strategy.
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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in eye diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2019; 44:181-189. [PMID: 31530988 PMCID: PMC6745545 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.87070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine in Asian countries to treat liver diseases, rheumatoid diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis, infectious diseases and cancer. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Herein the mechanisms of curcumin impact on oxidative stress, angiogenesis and inflammatory processes are described indicating that curcumin use may inhibit those pathological conditions and restore body homeostasis. Its effectiveness was also proved for major eye diseases. In this review, the influence of curcumin on eye diseases, such as glaucoma, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, corneal neovascularization, corneal wound healing, dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, pterygium, anterior uveitis are reported. The analysis of a number of clinical and preclinical investigations indicates that curcumin may be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various eye disorders.
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Chatterjee B, Ghosh K, Suresh L, Kanade SR. Curcumin ameliorates PRMT5-MEP50 arginine methyltransferase expression by decreasing the Sp1 and NF-YA transcription factors in the A549 and MCF-7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 455:73-90. [PMID: 30392062 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and its catalytic partner methylosome protein MEP50 (WDR77) catalyse the mono- and symmetric di-methylation of selective arginines in various histones and non-histone target proteins. It has emerged as a crucial epigenetic regulator in cell proliferation and differentiation; which also reported to be overexpressed in many forms of cancers in humans. In this study, we aimed to assess the modulations in the expression of this enzyme upon exposure to the well-studied natural compound from the spice turmeric, curcumin. We exposed the lung and breast cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) to curcumin (2 and 20 μM) and observed a highly significant inhibitory effect on the expression of both PRMT5 and MEP50. The level of symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) in multiple proteins, and more specifically, the H4R3me2s mark (which predominates in GC-rich motifs in nucleosomal DNA) was also diminished significantly. We also found that curcumin significantly reduced the level and enrichment of the transcription factors Sp1 and NF-YA which shares their binding sites within the GC-rich region of the PRMT5 proximal promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of both PKC-p38-ERK-cFos and AKT-mTOR signalling was observed in reducing the Sp1 and NF-YA expression by curcumin. Therefore, we propose curcumin decreased the expression of PRMT5 in these cells by affecting at least these two transcription factors. Altogether, we report a new molecular target of curcumin and further elucidation of this proposed mechanism through which curcumin affects the PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase expression might be explored for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biji Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Krishna Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Lavanya Suresh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India
| | - Santosh R Kanade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasargod, Kerala, 671316, India.
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Telangana, 500046, India.
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Peroxiredoxin6 in Endothelial Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030063. [PMID: 30871234 PMCID: PMC6466833 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prdx) are a ubiquitous family of highly conserved antioxidant enzymes with a cysteine residue that participate in the reduction of peroxides. This family comprises members Prdx1–6, of which Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is unique in that it is multifunctional with the ability to neutralize peroxides (peroxidase activity) and to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) via its phospholipase (PLA2) activity that drives assembly of NADPH oxidase (NOX2). From the crystal structure, a C47 residue is responsible for peroxidase activity while a catalytic triad (S32, H26, and D140) has been identified as the active site for its PLA2 activity. This paradox of being an antioxidant as well as an oxidant generator implies that Prdx6 is a regulator of cellular redox equilibrium (graphical abstract). It also indicates that a fine-tuned regulation of Prdx6 expression and activity is crucial to cellular homeostasis. This is specifically important in the endothelium, where ROS production and signaling are critical players in inflammation, injury, and repair, that collectively signal the onset of vascular diseases. Here we review the role of Prdx6 as a regulator of redox signaling, specifically in the endothelium and in mediating various pathologies.
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22
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Hopkins BL, Neumann CA. Redoxins as gatekeepers of the transcriptional oxidative stress response. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101104. [PMID: 30690320 PMCID: PMC6351230 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding specific DNA sequences in promoter regions. Transcriptional gene control is a rate-limiting process that is tightly regulated and based on transient environmental signals which are translated into long-term changes in gene transcription. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on transcription factors by phosphorylation or acetylation have profound effects not only on sub-cellular localization but also on substrate specificity through changes in DNA binding capacity. During times of cellular stress, specific transcription factors are in place to help protect the cell from damage by initiating the transcription of antioxidant response genes. Here we discuss PTMs caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, that can expeditiously regulate the activation of transcription factors involved in the oxidative stress response. Part of this rapid regulation are proteins involved in H2O2-related reduction and oxidation (redox) reactions such as redoxins, H2O2 scavengers described to interact with transcription factors. Redoxins have highly reactive cysteines of rate constants around 6–10−1 s−1 that engage in nucleophilic substitution of a thiol-disulfide with another thiol in inter-disulfide exchange reactions. We propose here that H2O2 signal transduction induced inter-disulfide exchange reactions between redoxin cysteines and cysteine thiols of transcription factors to allow for rapid and precise on and off switching of transcription factor activity. Thus, redoxins are essential modulators of stress response pathways beyond H2O2 scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Hopkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Magee-Women's Research Institute, Magee-Women's Research Hospital of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Chhunchha B, Singh P, Singh DP, Kubo E. Ginkgolic Acid Rescues Lens Epithelial Cells from Injury Caused by Redox Regulated-Aberrant Sumoylation Signaling by Reviving Prdx6 and Sp1 Expression and Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3520. [PMID: 30413111 PMCID: PMC6274983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sumoylation is a downstream effector of aging/oxidative stress; excess oxidative stress leads to dysregulation of a specificity protein1 (Sp1) and its target genes, such as Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), resulting in cellular damage. To cope with oxidative stress, cells rely on a signaling pathway involving redox-sensitive genes. Herein, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule Ginkgolic acid (GA), a Sumoylation antagonist, to disrupt aberrant Sumoylation signaling in human and mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) facing oxidative stress or aberrantly expressing Sumo1 (small ubiquitin-like modifier). We found that GA globally reduced aberrant Sumoylation of proteins. In contrast, Betulinic acid (BA), a Sumoylation agonist, augmented the process. GA increased Sp1 and Prdx6 expression by disrupting the Sumoylation signaling, while BA repressed the expression of both molecules. In vitro DNA binding, transactivation, Sumoylation and expression assays revealed that GA enhanced Sp1 binding to GC-boxes in the Prdx6 promoter and upregulated its transcription. Cell viability and intracellular redox status assays showed that LECs pretreated with GA gained resistance against oxidative stress-driven aberrant Sumoylation signaling. Overall, our study revealed an unprecedented role for GA in LECs and provided new mechanistic insights into the use of GA in rescuing LECs from aging/oxidative stress-evoked dysregulation of Sp1/Prdx6 protective molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 9200293, Japan.
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Wahlig S, Lovatt M, Mehta JS. Functional role of peroxiredoxin 6 in the eye. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 126:210-220. [PMID: 30120980 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is the only mammalian 1-Cys member of the Prdx family, a group of enzymes which share the ability to reduce peroxides. In addition to its peroxidase function, Prdx6 also demonstrates phospholipase A2 and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activities. These enzymatic activities play an important role in regenerating oxidized membrane phospholipids and maintaining an appropriate balance of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Development of clinical pathologies, including those within the eye, have been linked to dysregulation of Prdx6 function. Interplay between external stressors like exposure to UV light, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and hyperglycemia in conjunction with diminished Prdx6 levels and loss of redox balance is associated with cellular changes in a variety of ophthalmic pathologies including cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal degeneration. Many of these cellular abnormalities can be rescued through supplementation with exogenous Prdx6. Additionally, corneal endothelial cells have been found to express high levels of Prdx6 in the plasma membrane. These findings highlight the importance of Prdx6 as an essential regulator of oxidative stress in the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Wahlig
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Matthew Lovatt
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center (SNEC), Singapore; Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.
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Chhunchha B, Kubo E, Singh P, Singh DP. Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6 repairs aberrant Sumoylation-mediated Sp1 dysregulation-dependent Prdx6 repression and cell injury in aging and oxidative stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2284-2315. [PMID: 30215601 PMCID: PMC6188488 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Progressive deterioration of antioxidant response in aging is a major culprit in the initiation of age-related pathobiology induced by oxidative stress. We previously reported that oxidative stress leads to a marked reduction in transcription factor Sp1 and its mediated Prdx6 expression in lens epithelial cells (LECs) leading to cell death. Herein, we examined how Sp1 activity goes awry during oxidative stress/aging, and whether it is remediable. We found that Sp1 is hyper-Sumoylated at lysine (K) 16 residue in aging LECs. DNA binding and promoter assays revealed, in aging and oxidative stress, a significant reduction in Sp1 overall binding, and specifically to Prdx6 promoter. Expression/overexpression assay revealed that the observed reduction in Sp1-DNA binding activity was connected to its hyper-Sumoylation due to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Sumo1 levels, and reduced levels of Senp1, Prdx6 and Sp1. Mutagenesis of Sp1 at K16R (arginine) residue restored steady-state, and improved Sp1-DNA binding activity and transactivation potential. Extrinsic expression of Sp1K16R increased cell survival and reduced ROS levels by upregulating Prdx6 expression in LECs under aging/oxidative stress, demonstrating that Sp1K16R escapes the aberrant Sumoylation processes. Intriguingly, the deleterious processes are reversible by the delivery of Sumoylation-deficient Prdx6, an antioxidant, which would be a candidate molecule to restrict aging pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center,
Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Kodali M, Hattiangady B, Shetty G, Bates A, Shuai B, Shetty A. Curcumin treatment leads to better cognitive and mood function in a model of Gulf War Illness with enhanced neurogenesis, and alleviation of inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:499-514. [PMID: 29454881 PMCID: PMC7023905 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished cognitive and mood function are among the most conspicuous symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI). Our previous studies in a rat model of GWI have demonstrated that persistent cognitive and mood impairments are associated with substantially declined neurogenesis, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus. We tested the efficacy of curcumin (CUR) to maintain better cognitive and mood function in a rat model of GWI because of its neurogenic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and memory and mood enhancing properties. Male rats were exposed daily to low doses of GWI-related chemicals, pyridostigmine bromide, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin, and 5-minutes of restraint stress for 28 days. Animals were next randomly assigned to two groups, which received daily CUR or vehicle treatment for 30 days. Animals also received 5'-bromodeoxyuridine during the last seven days of treatment for analysis of neurogenesis. Behavioral studies through object location, novel object recognition and novelty suppressed feeding tests performed sixty days after treatment revealed better cognitive and mood function in CUR treated GWI rats. These rats also displayed enhanced neurogenesis and diminished inflammation typified by reduced astrocyte hypertrophy and activated microglia in the hippocampus. Additional studies showed that CUR treatment to GWI rats enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes and normalized the expression of multiple genes related to mitochondrial respiration. Thus, CUR therapy is efficacious for maintaining better memory and mood function in a model of GWI. Enhanced neurogenesis, restrained inflammation and oxidative stress with normalized mitochondrial respiration may underlie better memory and mood function mediated by CUR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kodali
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. Hattiangady
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - G.A. Shetty
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A. Bates
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - B. Shuai
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - A.K. Shetty
- Olin E. Teague Veterans’ Medical Center, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple and College Station, TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA,Corresponding author at: Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, 1114 TAMU, 206 Olsen Boulevard, College Station, TX 77843, USA. (A.K. Shetty)
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Xing W, Gao W, Su H, Wang S, Zhang J, Mao G, Yan J. Salidroside influences the cellular cross-talk of human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts: A proteomic approach. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 58:114-121. [PMID: 29329019 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a complex multiple factor proces, which is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to find the proteome of cultured human fetal lung diploid fibroblasts (2BS) of different population doubling (PD), as well as the altered proteome induced by salidroside (SAL) in 2BS cells. Proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combining matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time and flight mass spectrometry (MAL DI-TOF/MS). As a result, we found 16 proteins with two-fold variations in senescent cells or after SAL treatment, some being reduced such as reticulocalbin-1, heat shock protein beta-6, elongation factor 1-delta, F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1, and chloride intracellular channel 1. In contrast, 40S ribosomal protein SA, proteasome subunit alpha type-5, and zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 5 increased with cell age. Furthermore, heat shock protein beta-6, Zinc finger BED domain-containing protein 5 was increased in PD30 cells after 10 μM SAL treatment, whereas, elongation factor 1-delta, 6-phosphogluconolactonase, Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, F-actin-capping protein subunit alpha-1, Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX41, Chloride intracellular channel 1, and Peroxiredoxin-6 were increased in PD50 cells after 10 μM SAL treatment. Some of these proteins were involved in the protein synthetic and degradative pathways, which emphasizes the metabolic disorder or functional impairment of cell senescence. Moreover, these proteins could be candidate biomarkers for evaluating the SAL anti-senescence effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Huili Su
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Sanying Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
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Thioredoxin-1 protects against androgen receptor-induced redox vulnerability in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1204. [PMID: 29089489 PMCID: PMC5663934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation (AD) therapy failure leads to terminal and incurable castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We show that the redox-protective protein thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) increases with prostate cancer progression and in androgen-deprived CRPC cells, suggesting that CRPC possesses an enhanced dependency on TRX1. TRX1 inhibition via shRNA or a phase I-approved inhibitor, PX-12 (untested in prostate cancer), impedes the growth of CRPC cells to a greater extent than their androgen-dependent counterparts. TRX1 inhibition elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53 levels and cell death in androgen-deprived CRPC cells. Unexpectedly, TRX1 inhibition also elevates androgen receptor (AR) levels under AD, and AR depletion mitigates both TRX1 inhibition-mediated ROS production and cell death, suggesting that AD-resistant AR expression in CRPC induces redox vulnerability. In vivo TRX1 inhibition via shRNA or PX-12 reverses the castration-resistant phenotype of CRPC cells, significantly inhibiting tumor formation under systemic AD. Thus, TRX1 is an actionable CRPC therapeutic target through its protection against AR-induced redox stress.
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Chhunchha B, Singh P, Stamer WD, Singh DP. Prdx6 retards senescence and restores trabecular meshwork cell health by regulating reactive oxygen species. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17060. [PMID: 28904819 PMCID: PMC5592691 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A progressive decline in antioxidant potential and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major causes of pathogenesis of several diseases, including glaucoma. Trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction resulting in higher intraocular pressure (IOP) is a hallmark of glaucoma, but its causes are unclear. Using human (h) TM cells derived from glaucomatous and normal subjects of different ages and cells facing oxidative-stress, we showed that specific loss of moonlighting antioxidant protein Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 in aging or in glaucomatous TM cells caused ROS accumulation and pathobiological changes in TM cells. Prdx6 limits the levels of ROS, thus preventing overstimulation of genes and resultant deleterious effects. We found that Prdx6 levels declined in aging and were reduced dramatically in glaucomatous and aged TM cells. Biochemical assays revealed enhanced levels of ROS, and high expression/activation of TGFβs and its responsive extracellular matrix genes α-SM, fibronectin, TGase2 and Tsp1 in aged or glaucomatous cells. Furthermore, hTM cells displayed typical features of the combined effects of TGFβs and oxidative-stress-induced cellular changes, showing increased levels of lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage, and senescence markers p16, p21 and SA-βgal activity, along with reduced levels of telomerase expression and activity. Exposure to oxidative-stress (H2O2) or knocking down of Prdx6 (with antisense) accelerated this process. Importantly, Prdx6 delivery to sick or aged TM cells reversed the process. We propose Prdx6 as a potential therapeutic target to guard the TM from oxidative-stress and age-dependent accumulation of ROS by balancing redox-homeostasis to prevent ocular disorders, like glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
| | - Prerna Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha,NE, USA
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Prdx6 Upregulation by Curcumin Attenuates Ischemic Oxidative Damage via SP1 in Rats after Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6597401. [PMID: 28596967 PMCID: PMC5449737 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6597401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The role of Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) in brain ischemia remains unclear. Curcumin (Cur) treatment elicits neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury, and the associated mechanisms may involve Prdx6. In this study, we investigated whether Prdx6 and the transcription factor specific protein 1 (SP1) were involved in the antioxidant effect of Cur after stoke. Methods Focal cerebral ischemic injury was induced by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours in male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with or without Prdx6 siRNA. Expression of Prdx6 in the penumbra was assessed by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and immunoflourescent staining. In addition, infarct volume, neurological deficit score, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Prdx6 levels were also determined in the presence and absence of SP1 antagonist mithramycin A (MTM-A). Results Cur treatment upregulated Prdx6 protein expression and the number of Prdx6-positive neuronal cells 24 hours after reperfusion. Cur treatment also attenuated oxidative stress and induced neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage, whereas the beneficial effects of Cur treatment were lost in animals treated with Prdx6-siRNA. Prdx6 upregulation by Cur treatment was abolished by SP1 antagonists MTM. Conclusions Prdx6 upregulation by Cur treatment attenuates ischemic oxidative damage through SP1 induction in rats after stroke. This represents a novel mechanism of Cur-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia.
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Liu XF, Hao JL, Xie T, Mukhtar NJ, Zhang W, Malik TH, Lu CW, Zhou DD. Curcumin, A Potential Therapeutic Candidate for Anterior Segment Eye Diseases: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:66. [PMID: 28261099 PMCID: PMC5306202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the major curcuminoid of the turmeric, has been extensively used in many countries since ancient time for preventing and/or treating a multitude of diseases. This review is to illustrate the researches on the properties of curcumin and its potential therapeutic efficacy in major anterior segment eye diseases. The bio-medical potential of curcumin is restricted because of its low solubility and digestive bioavailability. This review will discuss promising research in improving curcumin bioavailability through structural modification. In vitro and in vivo research made progress in studying the beneficial effects of curcumin on major anterior segment eye diseases, including anti-angiogenesis effect in corneal diseases; anti-inflammation or anti-allergy effects in dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, anterior uveitis; anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects in pterygium; anti-oxidative stress, anti-osmotic stress, anti-lipid peroxidation, pro-apoptosis, regulating calcium homeostasis, sequestrating free radicals, protein modification and degradation effects in cataracts; neuroprotective effects in glaucoma. Curcumin exhibited to be a potent therapeutic candidate for treating those anterior segment eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Fen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Jilin Province Changchun, China
| | - Nour Jama Mukhtar
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Wiley Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan NY, USA
| | - Tayyab Hamid Malik
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, China
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Nicolussi A, D'Inzeo S, Capalbo C, Giannini G, Coppa A. The role of peroxiredoxins in cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 6:139-153. [PMID: 28357082 PMCID: PMC5351761 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are a ubiquitously expressed family of small (22–27 kDa) non-seleno peroxidases that catalyze the peroxide reduction of H2O2, organic hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite. They are highly involved in the control of various physiological functions, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic development, lipid metabolism, the immune response, as well as cellular homeostasis. Although the protective role of PRDXs in cardiovascular and neurological diseases is well established, their role in cancer remains controversial. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of PRDXs in carcinogenesis and in the development of drug resistance. Numerous types of cancer cells, in fact, are characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and often exhibit an altered redox environment compared with normal cells. The present review focuses on the complex association between oxidant balance and cancer, and it provides a brief account of the involvement of PRDXs in tumorigenesis and in the development of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Nicolussi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia D'Inzeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
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Dias-Souza MV, Martins dos Santos R. Phytonutrients of Nutraceutical Importance. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-1762-7.ch020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy re-emerged in the latest years as a healing system accepted and spread worldwide, and different molecules have been investigated due to their benefits to health. Nutraceutical formulations, which allow the intake of phytonutrients (generally in low levels in plant food) in concentrations that are enough to achieve the desired outcomes, represent feasible alternatives to improve general health and to prevent and treat varied diseases. Notwithstanding the incompleteness of an evidence-based clinical use of nutraceuticals, many questions remain unanswered regarding their global effects in humans and animals. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to provide recent evidence on chemical and pharmacological features of the main phytonutrients explored in nutraceutical formulations, focusing antimicrobial, antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials. Also, some insights on drug-phytonutrients interactions will be discussed.
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Roles of Chinese herbal medicines in ischemic heart diseases (IHD) by regulating oxidative stress. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:314-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu NN, Liu ZS, Lu SY, Hu P, Zhang Y, Fu BQ, Li YS, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Ren HL. Isolation and characterisation of peroxiredoxin 6 promoter from sheep (Ovis aries). J Vet Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2016-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a bifunctional protein and a unique 1-Cys Prdx of the peroxiredoxin family. The expression and regulation of Prdx6 are implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes.
Material and Methods: Eight stepwise truncated DNA fragments obtained from the 5′-flank region of the Prdx6 gene were prepared and subcloned into the pSEAP2-Enhancer vectors. To investigate the transcriptional activity of the truncated DNA fragments, the recombinant plasmids were transfected into the COS-1 cells and the transcriptional activity was measured via assaying the expression of the reporter gene of the secreted alkaline phosphatase.
Results: A 3.4 kb 5′-upstream flank region of the Prdx6 gene was cloned and sequenced. The region from −108 nt to −36 nt of the 5′-flanking region of the Prdx6 gene contained basal transcriptional activity.
Conclusion: This result provides the basis for further studies on the gene regulation of the Prdx6-mediated biological processes and on screening for the transacting factors that interact with cis-acting elements of the Prdx6 gene promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zeng-Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shi-Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of the Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Fifth Department of Orthopaedics, First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hong-Lin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis/College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Xi An Da Lu 5333, Changchun 130062, China
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Lee HL, Park MH, Son DJ, Song HS, Kim JH, Ko SC, Song MJ, Lee WH, Yoon JH, Ham YW, Han SB, Hong JT. Anti-cancer effect of snake venom toxin through down regulation of AP-1 mediated PRDX6 expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:22139-51. [PMID: 26061816 PMCID: PMC4673152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake venom toxin (SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica contains a mixture of different enzymes and proteins. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is known to be a stimulator of lung cancer cell growth. PRDX6 is a member of peroxidases, and has calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) activities. PRDX6 has an AP-1 binding site in its promoter region of the gene. Since AP-1 is implicated in tumor growth and PRDX6 expression, in the present study, we investigated whether SVT inhibits PRDX6, thereby preventing human lung cancer cell growth (A549 and NCI-H460) through inactivation of AP-1. A docking model study and pull down assay showed that SVT completely fits on the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) region of c-Fos of AP-1. SVT (0–10 μg/ml) inhibited lung cancer cell growth in a concentration dependent manner through induction of apoptotic cell death accompanied by induction of cleaved caspase-3, -8, -9, Bax, p21 and p53, but decreased cIAP and Bcl2 expression via inactivation of AP-1. In an xenograft in vivo model, SVT (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) also inhibited tumor growth accompanied with the reduction of PRDX6 expression, but increased expression of proapoptotic proteins. These data indicate that SVT inhibits tumor growth via inhibition of PRDX6 activity through interaction with its transcription factor AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Lim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sueb Song
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Kim
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Ko
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Bokjeong-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggii, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jong Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyoung Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Chungbuk National University Hospital, Seowon, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wan Ham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Sang Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osong-eup, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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The role of Prdx6 in the protection of cells of the crystalline lens from oxidative stress induced by UV exposure. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2016; 60:408-18. [PMID: 27379999 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-016-0461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The immediate aim of this study was to investigate alterations in peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6 at posttranslational levels, and the levels of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lens epithelial cells (LECs) after exposure to severe oxidative stress, such as ultraviolet-B (UV-B). Our ultimate aim was to provide new information on antioxidant defenses in the lens and their regulation, thereby broadening existing knowledge of the role of Prdx6 in lens physiology and pathophysiology. METHODS The expression of the hyperoxidized form of Prdx6 and oxidation of protein were analyzed by western blotting and the OxyBlot assay in human LECs (hLECs). ROS levels were quantified using DCFH-DA dye, and cell viability was quantified by the MTS and TUNEL assays. To evaluate the protective effect of Prdx6, we cultured lenses with or without the TAT transduction domain (TAT-HA-Prdx6) and observed (and photographed) the cultures at specified time-points after the exposure to UV-B for the development of opacity. RESULTS Prdx6 in hLECs was hyperoxidized after exposure to high amounts of UV-B. UV-B treatment of hLECs increased the levels of cell death, protein oxidation, and ROS. hLECs exposed to UV-B showed higher levels of ROS, which could be reduced by the application of extrinsic TAT-HA-Prdx6, attenuating UV-B-induced lens opacity and apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION Excessive oxidative stress induces the hyperoxidation of Prdx6 and may reduce the ability of Prdx6 to protect LECs against ROS or stresses. Because extrinsic Prdx6 could attenuate UV-B-induced abuse, this molecule may have a potential in preventing cataractogenesis.
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Ma S, Zhang X, Zheng L, Li Z, Zhao X, Lai W, Shen H, Lv J, Yang G, Wang Q, Ji J. Peroxiredoxin 6 Is a Crucial Factor in the Initial Step of Mitochondrial Clearance and Is Upstream of the PINK1-Parkin Pathway. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:486-501. [PMID: 26560306 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS PTEN-putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin-mediated mitophagy is crucial for the clearance of damaged mitochondria. However, the mechanisms underlying PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy are not fully understood. The goal of this study is to identify new regulators and to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy. RESULTS Quantitative mitochondrial proteomic analysis revealed that 63 proteins showed increased levels and 36 proteins showed decreased levels in cells subjected to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) treatment. Peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6 or Prx6), a unique member of the ubiquitous PRDX family, was recruited to depolarized mitochondria. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by CCCP promoted PRDX6 accumulation and PINK1 stabilization in damaged mitochondria and induced mitophagy. In addition, depletion of PRDX6 resulted in the stabilization of PINK1, accumulation of autophagic marker, p62, translocation of Parkin to mitochondria, and lipidation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3. Furthermore, these events were blocked upon supplementation with antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine or depletion of PINK1. INNOVATION This is the first study to demonstrate that PRDX6 is the only member of the PRDX family that relocates to damaged mitochondria, where it plays a crucial role in the initial stage of mitophagy by controlling ROS homeostasis. CONCLUSION ROS induce the recruitment of PRDX6 to mitochondria, where PRDX6 controls ROS homeostasis in the initial step of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our study provides new insight into the initial regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy and reveals the protective role of PRDX6 in the clearance of damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Ma
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Liangjun Zheng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- 2 Institute of System Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- 3 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Shen
- 4 Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, China Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junniao Lv
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Guofeng Yang
- 5 Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Ji
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University , Beijing, China
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Wu X, Ji P, Zhang L, Bu G, Gu H, Wang X, Xiong Y, Zuo B. The Expression of Porcine Prdx6 Gene Is Up-Regulated by C/EBPβ and CREB. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144851. [PMID: 26659441 PMCID: PMC4699452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin6 (Prdx6) is one of the peroxiredoxin (Prdxs) family members that play an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis. Our previous studies demonstrated that Prdx6 was significantly associated with pig meat quality, especially meat tenderness. However, the transcriptional regulation of porcine Prdx6 remains unclear. In this study, we determined the transcription start site (TSS) of porcine Prdx6 gene by 5' rapid-amplification of cDNA ends (5' RACE). Several regulatory elements including CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ (C/EBPβ), Myogenic Differentiation (MyoD), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), stimulating protein1 (Sp1) and heat shock factor (HSF) binding sites were found by computational analyses together with luciferase reporter system. Overexpression and RNA interference experiments showed that C/EBPβ or CREB could up-regulate the expression of porcine Prdx6 gene at both mRNA and protein level. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (ChIP) confirmed that C/EBPβ and CREB could interact with Prdx6 promoter. Immuoprecipitation results also showed that C/EBPβ could interact with Prdx6 in vivo. Taken together, our findings identified C/EBPβ and CREB as the important regulators of porcine Prdx6 gene expression, and offered clues for further investigation of Prdx6 gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Panlong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Bu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yuanzhu Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Tu Q, Xiong Y, Fan L, Qiao B, Xia Z, Hu L, Wang Y, Peng G, Ye Q. Peroxiredoxin 6 attenuates ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced liver damage of brain‑dead donors. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:753-61. [PMID: 26647763 PMCID: PMC4686087 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by ischemia and hypoxia in the livers of donors after brain death (DBD) is associated with poor organ function and low patient survival rates in those receiving DBD liver transplants. Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) can defend cells against liver damage induced by oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Prdx6 in ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced liver damage in DBD livers. Liver tissue samples from ten DBD patients were collected. The control group constituted of six liver samples from patients with liver hemangioma that had accepted tumor excision surgery. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting, cell viability was assessed using a CCK‑8 assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using a ROS assay kit, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured using a PLA2 assay kit. In DBD liver samples, Prdx6 expression was downregulated and the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) signaling pathway was activated. Furthermore, when human liver L02 cells were exposed to ischemia and hypoxia, the expression of Prdx6 was reduced, causing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS); this in turn activated NF‑κB signaling and lowered cell viability (P<0.01). In agreement, overexpression of Prdx6 reduced ROS levels and improved cell viability. It was also demonstrated that inhibition of NF‑κB increased Prdx6 expression, while inhibition of Prdx6 limited PLA2 activity, exacerbating ischemia‑ and hypoxia‑induced cell damage. This data suggests that Prdx6 and its PLA2 activity have a protective role in DBD livers, the expression of which is regulated by NF‑κB. Thus, Prdx6 may be a novel target to alleviate liver damage in DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fan
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Qiao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Long Hu
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Guizhu Peng
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qifa Ye
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Romá-Mateo C, Aguado C, García-Giménez JL, Knecht E, Sanz P, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress, a new hallmark in the pathophysiology of Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:30-41. [PMID: 25680286 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD; OMIM 254780, ORPHA501) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of glycogen-like intracellular inclusions called Lafora bodies and caused, in most cases, by mutations in either the EPM2A or the EPM2B gene, encoding respectively laforin, a phosphatase with dual specificity that is involved in the dephosphorylation of glycogen, and malin, an E3-ubiquitin ligase involved in the polyubiquitination of proteins related to glycogen metabolism. Thus, it has been reported that laforin and malin form a functional complex that acts as a key regulator of glycogen metabolism and that also plays a crucial role in protein homeostasis (proteostasis). Regarding this last function, it has been shown that cells are more sensitive to ER stress and show defects in proteasome and autophagy activities in the absence of a functional laforin-malin complex. More recently, we have demonstrated that oxidative stress accompanies these proteostasis defects and that various LD models show an increase in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress products together with a dysregulated antioxidant enzyme expression and activity. In this review we discuss possible connections between the multiple defects in protein homeostasis present in LD and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - Erwin Knecht
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascual Sanz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Fundación Investigación Clinico de Valencia, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, E46010 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain.
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Singh SP, Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Singh SP, Singh DP. Delivery of a protein transduction domain-mediated Prdx6 protein ameliorates oxidative stress-induced injury in human and mouse neuronal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C1-16. [PMID: 26447207 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00229.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress or reduced expression of naturally occurring antioxidants during aging has been identified as a major culprit in neuronal cell/tissue degeneration. Peroxiredoxin (Prdx) 6, a protective protein with GSH peroxidase and acidic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activities, acts as a rheostat in regulating cellular physiology by clearing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby optimizing gene regulation. We found that under stress, the neuronal cells displayed reduced expression of Prdx6 protein and mRNA with increased levels of ROS, and the cells subsequently underwent apoptosis. Using Prdx6 fused to TAT transduction domain, we showed evidence that Prdx6 was internalized in human brain cortical neuronal cells, HCN-2, and mouse hippocampal cells, HT22. The cells transduced with Prdx6 conferred resistance against the oxidative stress inducers paraquat, H2O2, and glutamate. Furthermore, Prdx6 delivery ameliorated damage to neuronal cells by optimizing ROS levels and overstimulation of NF-κB. Intriguingly, transduction of Prdx6 increased the expression of endogenous Prdx6, suggesting that protection against oxidative stress was mediated by both extrinsic and intrinsic Prdx6. The results demonstrate that Prdx6 expression is critical to protecting oxidative stress-evoked neuronal cell death. We propose that local or systemic application of Prdx6 can be an effective means of delaying/postponing neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatrunjai P Singh
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bhavana Chhunchha
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nigar Fatma
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan; and
| | - Sanjay P Singh
- Department of Neurology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dhirendra P Singh
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska;
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Ding V, Chin A, Peh G, Mehta JS, Choo A. Generation of novel monoclonal antibodies for the enrichment and characterization of human corneal endothelial cells (hCENC) necessary for the treatment of corneal endothelial blindness. MAbs 2015; 6:1439-52. [PMID: 25484056 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the primary treatment option to restore vision for patients with corneal endothelial blindness. Although the success rate of treatment is high, limited availability of transplant grade corneas is a major obstacle. Tissue-engineered corneal endothelial grafts constructed using cultivated human corneal endothelial cells (hCENC) isolated from cadaveric corneas may serve as a potential graft source. Currently, tools for the characterization of cultured hCENC and enrichment of hCENC from potential contaminating cells such as stromal fibroblasts are lacking. In this study, we describe the generation and characterization of novel cell surface monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for hCENC. These mAbs could be used for enrichment and characterization of hCENC. Out of a total of 389 hybridomas, TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 were found to be specific to the corneal endothelial monolayer by immunostaining of frozen tissue sections. Both mAbs were able to clearly identify hCENC with good 'cobblestone-like' morphology from multiple donors. The antigen targets for TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 were found to be CD166/ALCAM and Peroxiredoxin-6 (Prdx-6), respectively, both of which have not been previously described as markers of hCENC. Additionally, unlike other Prdx-6 mAbs, TAG-2A12 was found to specifically bind cell surface Prdx-6, which was only expressed on hCENC and not on other cell types screened such as human corneal stromal fibroblasts (hCSF) and human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). From our studies, we conclude that TAG-1A3 and TAG-2A12 are promising tools to quantitatively assess hCENC quality. It is also noteworthy that the binding specificity of TAG-2A12 could be used for the enrichment of hCENC from cell mixtures of hCSF and hPSC.
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Key Words
- AA, antibiotic/antimycotic
- ALCAM/CD166
- CM, conditioned medium
- DM, descement membrane
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- DSAEK, Descement's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor-2
- FNC, fibronectin and collagen-based
- FT, flowthrough
- GPC-4, Glypican-4
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- ICC, immunocytochemistry
- IP, immunoprecipitation
- LEC, lens epithelial cells
- MACS, magnetic affinity cell separations
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MPL, monophosphryl-lipid A
- Na+K+ATPase, sodium potassium ATPase
- Peroxiredoxin-6
- Prdx-6, Peroxiredoxin-6
- TDM, trehalose dichorynmycolate
- ZO-1, zonula occludins-1
- cell enrichment
- characterization
- hCENC, human corneal endothelial cells
- hCSF, human corneal stromal fibroblasts
- hPSC, human pluripotent stem cells
- human corneal endothelial cells
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- monoclonal antibodies
- nMFI, normalized mean fluorescence intensity
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Ding
- a Bioprocessing Technology Institute; Centros , Singapore
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Lentivirus-mediated inhibition of tumour necrosis factor-α improves motor function associated with PRDX6 in spinal cord contusion rats. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8486. [PMID: 25686213 PMCID: PMC4329786 DOI: 10.1038/srep08486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recovery of motor function in rats is inhibited following contusion spinal cord injury (cSCI). However, the mechanism of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in motor function after cSCI associated with peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) remains unknown. We randomly divided rats into four groups: sham, cSCI, vector and lentivirus mediating TNF-α RNA interference (TNF-α-RNAi-LV) group. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) scale was used to evaluate motor function. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting were used to detect the expression of TNF-α and PRDX6, which were located in neurons using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence. Subsequently, lentiviral-mediated TNF-α was used to determine the role of TNF-αand the relationship of PRDX6 and TNF-α in cSCI. After cSCI, the motor capability of hind limbs disappeared and was followed by recovery of function. IHC analysis indicated that TNF-α and PRDX6 were primarily located in spinal cord neurons. TNF-α interference significantly improved neural behaviour and increased expression of PRDX6. Our study suggests that inhibition of TNF-α can promote the recovery of motor function. The underlying mechanism of TNF-α-promoted motor function may be connected with the up-regulation of PRDX6. This provides a new strategy or target for the clinical treatment of SCI in future.
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Kim SW, Lee J, Lee B, Rhim T. Proteomic analysis in pterygium; upregulated protein expression of ALDH3A1, PDIA3, and PRDX2. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1192-202. [PMID: 25221425 PMCID: PMC4153422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify differentially expressed proteins in the pterygium compared to healthy conjunctiva using a proteomic analysis. METHODS Pterygial and healthy conjunctival tissues were obtained from 24 patients undergoing pterygium excision. Total proteins of the pterygia and healthy conjunctiva were analyzed with one-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein bands of interest were excised and subjected to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using Thermo's Finnigan ProteomeX workstation LTQ linear ion trap MS/MS. Using bioinformatics, differentially expressed proteins were classified, and three proteins closely involved in the response to oxidative stress were selected for further validation. Differential expression of these proteins was confirmed with western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A web-based gene ontology program, DAVID, was used to classify 230 proteins that were differentially expressed in pterygial tissues. Among these genes, we chose three proteins, aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring (ALDH3A1), protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3), and peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), that were significantly upregulated in pterygium and further increased in recurrent pterygium. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis confirmed that these three proteins were mainly detected in the basal epithelial layer, and their expression was significantly increased in the pterygium compared to normal conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS This study reported increased expression of ALDH3A1, PDIA3, and PRDX2 in pterygia using a proteomic approach. These proteins are presumed to have a protective role against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of pterygia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woong Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hando Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jonghoon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taiyoun Rhim
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Singh DP. Aberrant sumoylation signaling evoked by reactive oxygen species impairs protective function of Prdx6 by destabilization and repression of its transcription. FEBS J 2014; 281:3357-81. [PMID: 24910119 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Loss of the cytoprotective protein peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) in cells that are aging or under oxidative stress is known to be linked to the pathobiology of many age-related diseases. However, the mechanism by which Prdx6 activity goes awry is largely unknown. Using Prdx6-deficient (Prdx6(-/-) ) cells as a model for aging or redox active cells, human/mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) facing oxidative stress and aging lenses, we found a significant increase in the levels of small ubiquitin-like modifier (Sumo)1 conjugates. These cells displayed increased levels of Sumo1 and reduced the expression of Prdx6. Specifically, we observed that Prdx6 is a target for aberrant sumoylation signaling, and that Sumo1 modification reduces its cellular abundance. LECs overexpressing Sumo1 showed reduced expression and activity of Prdx6 and its transactivator specificity protein 1 (Sp1), mRNA and protein with increased levels of reactive oxygen species; those cells were vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced cell death. A significant reduction in Prdx6, Sp1 protein and mRNA expression was observed in redox active Prdx6(-/-) cells and in aging lenses/LECs. The reduction was correlated with increased expression of Sumo1 and enrichment of the inactive form (dimeric) of Sumo-specific protease (Senp)1. Experiments with Sumo1-fused Prdx6 and Prdx6 promoter-linked to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs indicated that Sumo1 dysregulated Prdx6 activity by reducing its abundance and attenuating its transcription; in contrast, the delivery of Senp1 or Prdx6 reversed the process. The data show that reactive oxygen species-evoked aberrant sumoylation signaling affects Prdx6 activity by reducing Prdx6 abundance, as well as transcription. The findings of the present study may provide a foundation for a strategy to repair deleterious oxidative signaling generated by a reduced activity of Prdx6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Zhu W, Cromie MM, Cai Q, Lv T, Singh K, Gao W. Curcumin and vitamin E protect against adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene in lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92992. [PMID: 24664296 PMCID: PMC3963982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a well-known environmental carcinogen, promotes oxidative stress and DNA damage. Curcumin and vitamin E (VE) have potent antioxidative activity that protects cells from oxidative stress and cellular damage. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the adverse effects of BaP on normal human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), the potential protective effects of curcumin and VE against BaP-induced cellular damage, and the molecular mechanisms of action. MTT assay, flow cytometry, fluorescence microplate assay, HPLC, qRT-PCR, and western blot were performed to analyze cytotoxicity, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), BaP diol-epoxidation (BPDE)-DNA adducts, gene expression, and protein expression, respectively. Curcumin or VE prevented cells from BaP-induced cell cycle arrest and growth inhibition, significantly suppressed BaP-induced ROS levels, and decreased BPDE-DNA adducts. While CYP1A1 and 1B1 were induced by BaP, these inductions were not significantly reduced by curcumin or VE. Moreover, the level of activated p53 and PARP-1 were significantly induced by BaP, whereas this induction was markedly reduced after curcumin and VE co-treatment. Survivin was significantly down-regulated by BaP, and curcumin significantly restored survivin expression in BaP-exposed cells. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was also significantly increased in cells exposed to BaP and this increase was reversed by VE co-treatment. Taken together, BaP-induced cytotoxicity occurs through DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, ROS production, modulation of metabolizing enzymes, and the expression/activation of p53, PARP-1, survivin, and Bax/Bcl-2. Curcumin and VE could reverse some of these BaP-mediated alterations and therefore be effective natural compounds against the adverse effects of BaP in lung cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Meghan M. Cromie
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qingsong Cai
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kamaleshwar Singh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Regulation of the human thioredoxin gene promoter and its key substrates: a study of functional and putative regulatory elements. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:303-14. [PMID: 24041992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thioredoxin system maintains redox balance through the action of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Thioredoxin regulates the activity of various substrates, including those that function to counteract cellular oxidative stress. These include the peroxiredoxins, methionine sulfoxide reductase A and specific transcription factors. Of particular relevance is Redox Factor-1, which in turn activates other redox-regulated transcription factors. SCOPE OF REVIEW Experimentally defined transcription factor binding sites in the human thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene promoters together with promoters of the major thioredoxin system substrates involved in regulating cellular redox status are discussed. An in silico approach was used to identify potential putative binding sites for these transcription factors in all of these promoters. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Our analysis reveals that many redox gene promoters contain the same transcription factor binding sites. Several of these transcription factors are in turn redox regulated. The ARE is present in several of these promoters and is bound by Nrf2 during various oxidative stress stimuli to upregulate gene expression. Other transcription factors also bind to these promoters during the same oxidative stress stimuli, with this redundancy supporting the importance of the antioxidant response. Putative transcription factor sites were identified in silico, which in combination with specific regulatory knowledge for that gene promoter may inform future experiments. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Redox proteins are involved in many cellular signalling pathways and aberrant expression can lead to disease or other pathological conditions. Therefore understanding how their expression is regulated is relevant for developing therapeutic agents that target these pathways.
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Chhunchha B, Fatma N, Kubo E, Rai P, Singh SP, Singh DP. Curcumin abates hypoxia-induced oxidative stress based-ER stress-mediated cell death in mouse hippocampal cells (HT22) by controlling Prdx6 and NF-κB regulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C636-55. [PMID: 23364261 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00345.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are emerging as crucial events in the etiopathology of many neurodegenerative diseases. While the neuroprotective contributions of the dietary compound curcumin has been recognized, the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's neuroprotection under oxidative and ER stresses remains elusive. Herein, we show that curcumin protects HT22 from oxidative and ER stresses evoked by the hypoxia (1% O(2) or CoCl(2) treatment) by enhancing peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) expression. Cells exposed to CoCl(2) displayed reduced expression of Prdx6 with higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression and activation of NF-κB with IκB phosphorylation. When NF-κB activity was blocked by using SN50, an inhibitor of NF-κB, or cells treated with curcumin, the repression of Prdx6 expression was restored, suggesting the involvement of NF-κB in modulating Prdx6 expression. These cells were enriched with an accumulation of ER stress proteins, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), GRP/78, and calreticulin, and had activated states of caspases 12, 9, and 3. Reinforced expression of Prdx6 in HT22 cells by curcumin reestablished survival signaling by reducing propagation of ROS and blunting ER stress signaling. Intriguingly, knockdown of Prdx6 by antisense revealed that loss of Prdx6 contributed to cell death by sustaining enhanced levels of ER stress-responsive proapoptotic proteins, which was due to elevated ROS production, suggesting that Prdx6 deficiency is a cause of initiation of ROS-mediated ER stress-induced apoptosis. We propose that using curcumin to reinforce the naturally occurring Prdx6 expression and attenuate ROS-based ER stress and NF-κB-mediated aberrant signaling improves cell survival and may provide an avenue to treat and/or postpone diseases associated with ROS or ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Chhunchha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Lockerbie RO, Eddé B, Prochiantz A. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation in isolated neuronal growth cones from developing rat forebrain. J Neurochem 1989; 31:202-14. [PMID: 2537377 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that neuronal growth cones isolated from developing rat forebrain possess an appreciable activity of adenylate cyclase, which produces cyclic AMP and can be stimulated by various neurotransmitter receptor agonists and by forskolin. To investigate cyclic AMP-mediated biochemical mechanisms in isolated growth cones, we have centered the present study on cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation. One-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis showed that cyclic AMP analogs increased incorporation of 32P into several phosphoproteins in molecular mass ranges of 50-58 and 76-82 kilodaltons, including those of 82, 76, and 51 kilodaltons. Two-dimensional electrophoresis, using isoelectric focusing in the first dimension, resolved phosphorylated alpha- and beta-tubulin species, actin, a very acidic protein (isoelectric point 4.0) with a molecular mass of 93 kilodaltons, and two proteins (x and x') closely neighboring beta-tubulin. Two other phosphoproteins seen in the gels had molecular masses of 56 and 51 kilodaltons (respective isoelectric points, 4.5 and 4.4) and, along with the 93-kilodalton phosphoprotein, were highly enriched in the isolated growth cones. Only the tubulin and actin species were major proteins in the isolated growth cones. Cyclic AMP analogs enhanced incorporation of 32P into phosphoproteins x and x', and, as assessed by immunoprecipitation, into beta-tubulin. Peptide digest experiments suggested that phosphoproteins x and x' are unrelated to beta-tubulin. Nonequilibrium two-dimensional electrophoresis resolved many phosphoproteins, of which a 79- and 75-kilodalton doublet, a 74-kilodalton species, and a 58-kilodalton doublet showed enhanced incorporation of 32P in the presence of cyclic AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Lockerbie
- Chaire de Neuropharmacologie, INSERM U 114, Collège de France, Paris
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