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Chen YF, Li SC, Huang EY. Role of microbiota in radiation-induced small-bowel damage. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2024; 65:55-62. [PMID: 37996087 PMCID: PMC10803162 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal damage is a common acute radiation syndrome. Previous studies have highlighted that Galectin-1 and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are associated with flaking of small intestinal villi and intestinal radioresistance. Therefore, our goal is to study whether gut bacteria regulated by galectin-1 or IL-6 can mitigate radiation-induced small intestine damage. In this study, differences between galectin-1, sgp130-regulated and wild-type (WT) mice were analyzed by microbiome array. The effects of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and the proportion of bacterial distribution at the phylum level were observed after 18 Gy whole abdomen radiation. Fecal microbiota transplantation was used to implant radioresistant gut flora into WT mice, and the number of viable small intestinal crypt foci was observed by immunohistochemistry. Fecal transplantation from galectin-1 knockout and sgp130 transgenic mice, with higher radiation resistance, into WT mice significantly increased the number of surviving small intestinal crypts. This radiation resistance, generated through gene regulation, was not affected by the F/B ratio. We initially found that the small intestinal villi of WT mice receiving radioresistant mouse fecal bacteria demonstrated better repair outcomes after radiation exposure. These results indicate the need for a focus on the identification and application of superior radioresistant bacterial strains. In our laboratory, we will further investigate specific radioresistant bacterial strains to alleviate acute side effects of radiation therapy to improve the patients' immune ability and postoperative quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 129, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, 142, Haizhuan Road, Nanzi District, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 129, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
| | - Eng-Yen Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 129, Da-Pi Road, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, 70, Lienhai Road, Gushan District, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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2
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Antona A, Leo G, Favero F, Varalda M, Venetucci J, Faletti S, Todaro M, Mazzucco E, Soligo E, Saglietti C, Stassi G, Manfredi M, Pelicci G, Corà D, Valente G, Capello D. Targeting lysine-specific demethylase 1 (KDM1A/LSD1) impairs colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by affecting cancer cells stemness, motility, and differentiation. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:201. [PMID: 37385999 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among all cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common and the 2nd leading cause of death worldwide. New therapeutic strategies are required to target cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells highly resistant to present-day therapy and responsible for tumor relapse. CSCs display dynamic genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow quick adaptations to perturbations. Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A also known as LSD1), a FAD-dependent H3K4me1/2 and H3K9me1/2 demethylase, was found to be upregulated in several tumors and associated with a poor prognosis due to its ability to maintain CSCs staminal features. Here, we explored the potential role of KDM1A targeting in CRC by characterizing the effect of KDM1A silencing in differentiated and CRC stem cells (CRC-SCs). In CRC samples, KDM1A overexpression was associated with a worse prognosis, confirming its role as an independent negative prognostic factor of CRC. Consistently, biological assays such as methylcellulose colony formation, invasion, and migration assays demonstrated a significantly decreased self-renewal potential, as well as migration and invasion potential upon KDM1A silencing. Our untargeted multi-omics approach (transcriptomic and proteomic) revealed the association of KDM1A silencing with CRC-SCs cytoskeletal and metabolism remodeling towards a differentiated phenotype, supporting the role of KDM1A in CRC cells stemness maintenance. Also, KDM1A silencing resulted in up-regulation of miR-506-3p, previously reported to play a tumor-suppressive role in CRC. Lastly, loss of KDM1A markedly reduced 53BP1 DNA repair foci, implying the involvement of KDM1A in the DNA damage response. Overall, our results indicate that KDM1A impacts CRC progression in several non-overlapping ways, and therefore it represents a promising epigenetic target to prevent tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Antona
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Leo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesco Favero
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Varalda
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Jacopo Venetucci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Faletti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mazzucco
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Enrica Soligo
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Corso Mario Abbiate 21, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Saglietti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, Università di Palermo, Via del Vespro 131, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuliana Pelicci
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Guido Valente
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Corso Mario Abbiate 21, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Daniela Capello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence in Aging Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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3
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Carabias P, Espelt MV, Bacigalupo ML, Rojas P, Sarrias L, Rubin A, Saffioti NA, Elola MT, Rossi JP, Wolfenstein-Todel C, Rabinovich GA, Troncoso MF. Galectin-1 confers resistance to doxorubicin in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through modulation of P-glycoprotein expression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:79. [PMID: 35075112 PMCID: PMC8786848 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (GAL1), a β-galactoside-binding protein abundantly expressed in the tumor microenvironment, has emerged as a key mechanism of chemoresistance developed by different tumors. Although increased expression of GAL1 is a hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, aggressiveness and metastasis, limited information is available on the role of this endogenous lectin in HCC resistance to chemotherapy. Moreover, the precise mechanisms underlying this effect are uncertain. HCC has evolved different mechanisms of resistance to chemotherapy including those involving the P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump, which controls intracellular drug concentration. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying GAL1-mediated chemoresistance in HCC cells, particularly the involvement of P-gp in this effect. Our results show that GAL1 protected HepG2 cells from doxorubicin (DOX)- and sorafenib-induced cell death in vitro. Accordingly, GAL1-overexpressing HepG2 cells generated DOX-resistant tumors in vivo. High expression of GAL1 in HepG2 cells reduced intracellular accumulation of DOX likely by increasing P-gp protein expression rather than altering its membrane localization. GAL1-mediated increase of P-gp expression involved activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Moreover, 'loss-of-function' experiments revealed that P-gp mediates GAL1-driven resistance to DOX, but not to sorafenib, in HepG2 cells. Conversely, in PLC/PRF/5 cells, P-gp protein expression was undetectable and GAL1 did not control resistance to DOX or sorafenib, supporting the critical role of P-gp in mediating GAL1 effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that GAL1 confers chemoresistance in HCC through mechanisms involving modulation of P-gp, thus emphasizing the role of this lectin as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Grants
- PICT-2014-3216 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- PICT V 2014-3687 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- PICT-2016-1139 Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Argentina)
- 20020150100005BA Universidad de Buenos Aires (University of Buenos Aires)
- PIP-11220150100647 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (National Scientific and Technical Research Council)
- Sales, Bunge & Born and Lounsbery Foundations. Donations from the Ferioli, Ostry and Caraballo families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Carabias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Bacigalupo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Rojas
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ayelén Rubin
- Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis Hormonal, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás A Saffioti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Rossi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlota Wolfenstein-Todel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María F Troncoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de lnvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Spatiotemporal regulation of galectin-1-induced T-cell death in lamina propria from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. Apoptosis 2021; 26:323-337. [PMID: 33978920 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic, relapsing intestinal inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is an endogenous lectin with key pro-resolving roles, including induction of T-cell apoptosis and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. Despite considerable progress, the relevance of Gal-1-induced T-cell death in inflamed tissue from human IBD patients has not been ascertained. Intestinal biopsies and surgical specimens from control patients (n = 52) and patients with active or inactive IBD (n = 97) were studied. Gal-1 expression was studied by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Gal-1-specific ligands and Gal-1-induced apoptosis of lamina propria (LP) T-cells were determined by TUNEL and flow cytometry. We found a transient expression of asialo core 1-O-glycans in LP T-cells from inflamed areas (p < 0.05) as revealed by flow cytometry using peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding and assessing dysregulation of the core-2 β 1-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (C2GNT1), an enzyme responsible for elongation of core 2 O-glycans. Consequently, Gal-1 binding was attenuated in CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ LP T-cells isolated from inflamed sites (p < 0.05). Incubation with recombinant Gal-1 induced apoptosis of LP CD3+ T-cells isolated from control subjects and non-inflamed areas of IBD patients (p < 0.05), but not from inflamed areas. In conclusion, our findings showed that transient regulation of the O-glycan profile during inflammation modulates Gal-1 binding and LP T-cell survival in IBD patients.
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5
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Kudelka MR, Stowell SR, Cummings RD, Neish AS. Intestinal epithelial glycosylation in homeostasis and gut microbiota interactions in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:597-617. [PMID: 32710014 PMCID: PMC8211394 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects 6.8 million people globally. A variety of factors have been implicated in IBD pathogenesis, including host genetics, immune dysregulation and gut microbiota alterations. Emerging evidence implicates intestinal epithelial glycosylation as an underappreciated process that interfaces with these three factors. IBD is associated with increased expression of truncated O-glycans as well as altered expression of terminal glycan structures. IBD genes, glycosyltransferase mislocalization, altered glycosyltransferase and glycosidase expression and dysbiosis drive changes in the glycome. These glycan changes disrupt the mucus layer, glycan-lectin interactions, host-microorganism interactions and mucosal immunity, and ultimately contribute to IBD pathogenesis. Epithelial glycans are especially critical in regulating the gut microbiota through providing bacterial ligands and nutrients and ultimately determining the spatial organization of the gut microbiota. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of intestinal epithelial glycosylation, altered epithelial glycosylation in IBD and mechanisms for how these alterations contribute to disease pathobiology. We hope that this Review provides a foundation for future studies on IBD glycosylation and the emergence of glycan-inspired therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Kudelka
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Sundblad V, Quintar AA, Morosi LG, Niveloni SI, Cabanne A, Smecuol E, Mauriño E, Mariño KV, Bai JC, Maldonado CA, Rabinovich GA. Galectins in Intestinal Inflammation: Galectin-1 Expression Delineates Response to Treatment in Celiac Disease Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:379. [PMID: 29545799 PMCID: PMC5837985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of animal lectins characterized by their affinity for N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates, modulate several immune cell processes shaping the course of innate and adaptive immune responses. Through interaction with a wide range of glycosylated receptors bearing complex branched N-glycans and core 2-O-glycans, these endogenous lectins trigger distinct signaling programs thereby controling immune cell activation, differentiation, recruitment and survival. Given the unique features of mucosal inflammation and the differential expression of galectins throughout the gastrointestinal tract, we discuss here key findings on the role of galectins in intestinal inflammation, particularly Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease (CeD) patients, as well as in murine models resembling these inflammatory conditions. In addition, we present new data highlighting the regulated expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of the galectin family, during intestinal inflammation in untreated and treated CeD patients. Our results unveil a substantial upregulation of Gal-1 accompanying the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic response associated with gluten-free diet in CeD patients, suggesting a major role of this lectin in favoring resolution of inflammation and restoration of mucosal homeostasis. Thus, a coordinated network of galectins and their glycosylated ligands, exerting either anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory responses, may influence the interplay between intestinal epithelial cells and the highly specialized gut immune system in physiologic and pathologic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amado A Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sonia I Niveloni
- Sección Intestino Delgado, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Cabanne
- Unidad de Patología, Hospital de Gastroenterología, Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Edgardo Smecuol
- Sección Intestino Delgado, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Mauriño
- Sección Intestino Delgado, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julio C Bai
- Sección Intestino Delgado, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr. C. Bonorino Udaondo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina A Maldonado
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Huang EY, Peng CT, Wang CC. Effects of radiation response modifiers given after lethal whole-abdominal irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:289-294. [PMID: 29355463 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1431698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although radiation is used to treat cancer and generate electricity, radiotherapy-induced complications and nuclear disasters are issues of great concern. The small bowel and bone marrow are the two major organs injured by radiation, especially that from nuclear disasters. The development of effective drugs to alleviate radiation injuries is very important. We tested potential radiation response modifiers given after irradiation to alleviate radiation injuries and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Xenografts of C33A tumor cells with or without galectin-1 expression were implanted in SCID mice. Local tumor irradiation (6 Gy) was used to study radiosensitivity. The rate and time of tumor growth to 2 cm were observed using the Kaplan-Meier method. C57BL/6N mice were used to study the effects of whole-abdominal or whole-body irradiation. Drug administration was as follows: (1) vehicle; (2) interleukin 6 (IL-6) (50 ng/day); (3) anginex (10 mg/kg/day) (galectin-1 antagonist); or (4) flagellin (0.2 mg/kg) (Toll-like receptor 5 agonist). These treatments were compared for tumor size and survival time. RESULTS The median time of tumor growth delay after 6 Gy irradiation was one week in tumors without galectin-1 expression, regardless of anginex administration. Anginex did not prolong the survival time after 18 Gy whole-abdominal irradiation. Flagellin did not prolong survival time after 18 Gy whole-abdominal irradiation. IL-6 prolonged the survival time after 18 Gy whole-abdominal irradiation, with 5% survival. This was the best result in treating lethal 18 Gy whole-abdominal irradiation. Other than IL-6, no drugs decreased the survival rate after 7.5 Gy whole-body irradiation. CONCLUSIONS Anginex has no protective effects against radiation injury and no radiosensitized effects on tumors. IL-6 is a potential agent for treating radiation-induced lethal injuries to the small bowel. However, it is not suitable for treating bone marrow damage after whole-body irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Yen Huang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b School of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tzu Peng
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chih Wang
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Sundblad V, Morosi LG, Geffner JR, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1: A Jack-of-All-Trades in the Resolution of Acute and Chronic Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3721-3730. [PMID: 29158348 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory signals provide negative input to immunological networks promoting resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a member of a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, displays broad anti-inflammatory and proresolving activities by targeting multiple immune cell types. Within the innate immune compartment, Gal-1 acts as a resolution-associated molecular pattern by counteracting the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting neutrophil trafficking, targeting eosinophil migration and survival, and suppressing mast cell degranulation. Likewise, this lectin controls T cell and B cell compartments by modulating receptor clustering and signaling, thus serving as a negative-regulatory checkpoint that reprograms cellular activation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we discuss the central role of Gal-1 in regulatory programs operating during acute inflammation, autoimmune diseases, allergic inflammation, pregnancy, cancer, and infection. Therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting Gal-1-glycan interactions will contribute to overcome cancer immunosuppression and reinforce antimicrobial immunity, whereas stimulation of Gal-1-driven immunoregulatory circuits will help to mitigate exuberant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sundblad
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano G Morosi
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R Geffner
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina; and.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Davicino RC, Méndez-Huergo SP, Eliçabe RJ, Stupirski JC, Autenrieth I, Di Genaro MS, Rabinovich GA. Galectin-1–Driven Tolerogenic Programs AggravateYersinia enterocoliticaInfection by Repressing Antibacterial Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1382-1392. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Aguilar AL, Briard JG, Yang L, Macauley MS, Wu P. Tools for Studying Glycans: Recent Advances in Chemoenzymatic Glycan Labeling. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:611-621. [PMID: 28301937 PMCID: PMC5469623 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of cellular glycosylation presents many challenges due, in large part, to the nontemplated nature of glycan biosynthesis and glycans' structural complexity. Chemoenzymatic glycan labeling (CeGL) has emerged as a new technique to address the limitations of existing methods for glycan detection. CeGL combines glycosyltransferases and unnatural nucleotide sugar donors equipped with a bioorthogonal chemical tag to directly label specific glycan acceptor substrates in situ within biological samples. This article reviews the current CeGL strategies that are available to characterize cell-surface and intracellular glycans. Applications include imaging glycan expression status in live cells and tissue samples, proteomic analysis of glycoproteins, and target validation. Combined with genetic and biochemical tools, CeGL provides new opportunities to elucidate the functional roles of glycans in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aime Lopez Aguilar
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Jennie Grace Briard
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Linette Yang
- Vassar College, 124 Raymond Ave, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604
| | - Matthew Scott Macauley
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
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11
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Regulation of eosinophilia and allergic airway inflammation by the glycan-binding protein galectin-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4837-46. [PMID: 27457925 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601958113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a glycan-binding protein with broad antiinflammatory activities, functions as a proresolving mediator in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, its role in allergic airway inflammation has not yet been elucidated. We evaluated the effects of Gal-1 on eosinophil function and its role in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergen exposure resulted in airway recruitment of Gal-1-expressing inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, as well as increased Gal-1 in extracellular spaces in the lungs. In vitro, extracellular Gal-1 exerted divergent effects on eosinophils that were N-glycan- and dose-dependent. At concentrations ≤0.25 µM, Gal-1 increased eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, caused redistribution of integrin CD49d to the periphery and cell clustering, but inhibited ERK(1/2) activation and eotaxin-1-induced migration. Exposure to concentrations ≥1 µM resulted in ERK(1/2)-dependent apoptosis and disruption of the F-actin cytoskeleton. At lower concentrations, Gal-1 did not alter expression of adhesion molecules (CD49d, CD18, CD11a, CD11b, L-selectin) or of the chemokine receptor CCR3, but decreased CD49d and CCR3 was observed in eosinophils treated with higher concentrations of this lectin. In vivo, allergen-challenged Gal-1-deficient mice exhibited increased recruitment of eosinophils and CD3(+) T lymphocytes in the airways as well as elevated peripheral blood and bone marrow eosinophils relative to corresponding WT mice. Further, these mice had an increased propensity to develop airway hyperresponsiveness and displayed significantly elevated levels of TNF-α in lung tissue. This study suggests that Gal-1 can limit eosinophil recruitment to allergic airways and suppresses airway inflammation by inhibiting cell migration and promoting eosinophil apoptosis.
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Muglia CI, Papa Gobbi R, Smaldini P, Orsini Delgado ML, Candia M, Zanuzzi C, Sambuelli A, Rocca A, Toscano MA, Rabinovich GA, Docena GH. Inflammation Controls Sensitivity of Human and Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Galectin-1. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1575-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I. Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Papa Gobbi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Paola Smaldini
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - María Lucía Orsini Delgado
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Martín Candia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Carolina Zanuzzi
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Alicia Sambuelli
- Servicio de Enfermedades Inflamatorias; Hospital de Gastroenterología Bonorino Udaondo; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrés Rocca
- Servicio de Enfermedades Inflamatorias; Hospital de Gastroenterología Bonorino Udaondo; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marta A. Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Guillermo H. Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
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13
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Hu L, Ramani S, Czako R, Sankaran B, Yu Y, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Estes MK, Venkataram Prasad BV. Structural basis of glycan specificity in neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant rotavirus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8346. [PMID: 26420502 PMCID: PMC4589887 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain-dependent variation of glycan recognition during initial cell attachment of viruses is a critical determinant of host specificity, tissue-tropism and zoonosis. Rotaviruses (RVs), which cause life-threatening gastroenteritis in infants and children, display significant genotype-dependent variations in glycan recognition resulting from sequence alterations in the VP8* domain of the spike protein VP4. The structural basis of this genotype-dependent glycan specificity, particularly in human RVs, remains poorly understood. Here, from crystallographic studies, we show how genotypic variations configure a novel binding site in the VP8* of a neonate-specific bovine-human reassortant to uniquely recognize either type I or type II precursor glycans, and to restrict type II glycan binding in the bovine counterpart. Such a distinct glycan-binding site that allows differential recognition of the precursor glycans, which are developmentally regulated in the neonate gut and abundant in bovine and human milk provides a basis for age-restricted tropism and zoonotic transmission of G10P[11] rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Hu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rita Czako
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Banumathi Sankaran
- Berkeley Center for Structural Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and the National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and the National Center for Functional Glycomics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - B V Venkataram Prasad
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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Pérez CV, Gómez LG, Gualdoni GS, Lustig L, Rabinovich GA, Guazzone VA. Dual roles of endogenous and exogenous galectin-1 in the control of testicular immunopathology. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26223819 PMCID: PMC4519738 DOI: 10.1038/srep12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a proto-type member of galectin family, is highly expressed in immune privileged sites, including the testis. However, in spite of considerable progress the relevance of endogenous and exogenous Gal-1 in testis pathophysiology have not yet been explored. Here we evaluated the in vivo roles of Gal-1 in experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO), a well-established model of autoimmune testicular inflammation associated with subfertility and infertility. A significant reduction in the incidence and severity of EAO was observed in mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 (Lgals1−/−) versus wild-type (WT) mice. Testicular histopathology revealed the presence of multifocal testicular damage in WT mice characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and different degrees of germ cell sloughing of seminiferous tubules. TUNEL assay and assessment of active caspase-3 expression, revealed the prevalence of apoptotic spermatocytes mainly localized in the adluminal compartment of seminiferous tubules in EAO mice. A significant increased number of TUNEL-positive germ cells was detected in EAO testis from WT compared with Lgals1−/− mice. In contrast, exogenous administration of recombinant Gal-1 to WT mice undergoing EAO attenuated the severity of the disease. Our results unveil a dual role of endogenous versus exogenous Gal-1 in the control of autoimmune testis inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia V Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia G Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela S Gualdoni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- 1] Laboratorio de Inmunopatología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina [2] Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa A Guazzone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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