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Liu Y, Chen X, Luo W, Zhao Y, Nashan B, Huang L, Yuan X. Identification and validation of Birc5 as a novel activated cell cycle program biomarker associated with infiltration of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16370-16385. [PMID: 37326143 PMCID: PMC10469657 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies and clinical trials have demonstrated that tumor-intrinsic activation of the cell cycle program impedes anticancer immunotherapy. Identification of cell cycle-related biomarkers may provide novel therapeutic targets to augment the efficacy of immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHOD AND RESULTS Based on the genes related to cell cycle program, two clusters (Cluster 1 and Cluster 2) were detected in HCC patients via non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis indicated that the cell cycle gene-based classification was a significant prognostic factor for predicting the clinical outcome of HCC patients. Cluster 1 showed shorter overall survival time and progression-free interval time was associated with activated cell cycle program, higher infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and less sensitivity to immunotherapy. A three-gene prognostic model, including BIRC5, C8G, and SPP1, was constructed to characterize the cell cycle-based classification of HCC, which had strong robustness and a stable predictive performance. Notably, Birc5 was positively correlated with CD11b expression (a MDSC marker) in HCC tissue. Concordant high expression of Birc5 and intratumor infiltration level of MDSCs were correlated with worse prognosis of HCC patients. In vitro, hepatocellular Birc5 overexpression promoted immunosuppressive CD11b+ CD33+ HLA-DR- MDSC expansion from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Genetically modified animal model of liver cancer revealed that Birc5 depletion upregulated the genes related to lymphocyte-mediated immunity, natural killer cell-mediated immunity, interferon-gamma production, T-cell activation, and T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results suggest an immunosuppressive function of Birc5 in HCC. CONCLUSION Birc5 was a potential biomarker and inducer of intratumor infiltration of MDSCs, which led to T cell exclusion or dysfunction in tumor immune microenvironment, consequently resulting in reduced response to ICIs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Anhui Provincial Cancer HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Wenwu Luo
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Anhui Provincial Cancer HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Björn Nashan
- Organ Transplant Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of OncologyRuijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Medical Center on Aging of Ruijin Hospital, MCARJH, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Organ Transplant Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Transplantation Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTCDivision of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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Sánchez-Martín V, Morales P, Iriondo-DeHond A, Hospital XF, Fernández M, Hierro E, Haza AI. Differential Apoptotic Effects of Bee Product Mixtures on Normal and Cancer Hepatic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:615. [PMID: 36978864 PMCID: PMC10045410 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most effective anticancer drugs normally generate considerable cytotoxicity in normal cells; therefore, the preferential activation of apoptosis in cancer cells and the reduction of toxicity in normal cells is a great challenge in cancer research. Natural products with selective anticancer properties used as complementary medicine can help to achieve this goal. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the addition of bee products [propolis (PR) or royal jelly (RJ) or propolis and royal jelly (PR+RJ), 2-10%] to thyme (TH) and chestnut honeys (CH) on the differential anticancer properties, mainly the cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects, in normal and cancer hepatic cells. The cytotoxic effects of samples were analyzed using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay (0-250 mg/mL) and the effects on apoptosis were analyzed using cell cycle analysis, TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, DR5 (Death Receptor 5) and BAX (BCL-2-Associated X) activation, and caspases 8, 9, and 3 activities. Both honey samples alone and honey mixtures had no or very little apoptotic effect on normal cells. Antioxidant honey mixtures enhanced the apoptotic capacity of the corresponding honey alone via both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Of all the samples, chestnut honey enriched with 10% royal jelly and 10% propolis (sample 14, CH+10RJ+10PR) showed the highest apoptotic effect on tumor liver cells. The enrichment of monofloral honey with bee products could be used together with conventional anticancer treatments as a dietary supplement without side effects. On the other hand, it could be included in the diet as a natural sweetener with high added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Sánchez-Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Morales
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Iriondo-DeHond
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier F. Hospital
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Hierro
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Haza
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Sección Departamental de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wang T, Zhang Q, Wang N, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zhao Y. Research Progresses of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3107-3146. [PMID: 33050856 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201013162144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, with nearly one million new cases and deaths every year. Owing to the complex pathogenesis, hidden early symptoms, rapidly developing processes, and poor prognosis, the morbidity and mortality of HCC are increasing yearly. With the progress being made in modern medicine, the treatment of HCC is no longer limited to traditional methods. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have emerged to treat advanced and metastatic HCC in recent years. Since Sorafenib is the first molecular targeting drug against angiogenesis, targeted drugs for HCC are continually emerging. Moreover, immunotherapy plays a vital role in clinical trials. In particular, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have received increasing attention in the field of cancer treatment, is a possible research path. Interestingly, these two therapies generally complement each other at some stages of HCC, bringing new hope for patients with advanced HCC. In this paper, we discuss the research progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for HCC in recent years, which will provide a reference for the further development of drugs for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Qiting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Jin Q, Lin C, Zhu X, Cao Y, Guo C, Wang L. 125I seeds irradiation inhibits tumor growth and induces apoptosis by Ki-67, P21, survivin, livin and caspase-9 expression in lung carcinoma xenografts. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:238. [PMID: 33059701 PMCID: PMC7559445 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a fatal disease and a serious health problem worldwide. Patients are usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the effectiveness of chemotherapy for such patients is very limited. Iodine 125 seed (125I) irradiation can be used as an important adjuvant treatment for lung carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of irradiation by 125I seeds in human lung cancer xenograft model and to determine the underlying mechanisms involved, with a focus on apoptosis. METHODS 40 mice with A549 lung adenocarcinoma xenografts were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 10), sham seed (0 mCi) implant group (n = 10), 125I seed (0.6 mCi) implant group (n = 10) and 125I seed (0.8 mCi) implant group (n = 10), respectively. The body weight and tumor volume, were recorded every 4 days until the end of the study. Apoptotic cells were checked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and activities of caspase-3 and caspase-8 enzyme were tested. Expression of P21, survivin, livin, caspase-9 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Ki-67) was detected with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The results of TUNEL staining assays showed that 125I seed irradiation suppresses the growth of lung cancer xenografts in nude mice and induced apoptosis. The activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8 was significantly higher. The expression levels Ki67, survivin and livin were substantially downregulated, while P21 and caspase-9 protein expression were significantly increased following 125I seed irradiation. This study revealed that 125I seed irradiation could significantly change apoptosis-related protein in human lung cancer xenografts. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study demonstrates that radiation exposure by 125I seeds could be a new treatment option for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The 903th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Cunzhi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yiwei Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caihong Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Martini S, Figini M, Croce A, Frigerio B, Pennati M, Gianni AM, De Marco C, Daidone MG, Argueta C, Landesman Y, Zaffaroni N, Satta A. Selinexor Sensitizes TRAIL-R2-Positive TNBC Cells to the Activity of TRAIL-R2xCD3 Bispecific Antibody. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102231. [PMID: 33023194 PMCID: PMC7599683 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent advances in the immunotherapy field have enabled the development of new treatment strategies, among which the use of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), able to redirect T cells against tumors, has shown promising results. In particular, a BsAb that uses TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) as a target was constructed and demonstrated good results in redirecting CD3+ T cells to kill TRAIL-R2-expressing TNBC cells. In the present study, we investigated whether treatment with selinexor, a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) targeting exportin-1/chromosome maintenance protein 1 (XPO1/CRM1), could potentiate the antitumor activity of this BsAb. In combination experiments, we found that selinexor-exposed TNBC cells exhibited greater growth inhibition when treated with the TRAIL-R2xCD3 BsAb than that expected by simple additivity. Similarly, the apoptosis rate in selinexor/TRAIL-R2xCD3 BsAb-treated TNBC cells was significantly higher than that observed after exposure to either single agent. Together, our results suggest that the combination of selinexor and TRAIL-R2xCD3 BsAb can be a viable anticancer strategy and indicate this treatment as a promising therapeutic option for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martini
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariangela Figini
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (B.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Aurora Croce
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Barbara Frigerio
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (B.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Marzia Pennati
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessandro Massimo Gianni
- Medical Oncology C Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cinzia De Marco
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (B.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (B.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.G.D.)
| | | | - Yosef Landesman
- Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02459, USA; (C.A.); (Y.L.)
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (A.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (A.S.); Tel.: +39-02-23903260 (N.Z.); +39-02-23905110 (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Satta
- Biomarkers Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technical Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.F.); (B.F.); (C.D.M.); (M.G.D.)
- Correspondence: (N.Z.); (A.S.); Tel.: +39-02-23903260 (N.Z.); +39-02-23905110 (A.S.)
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Nandi S, Chandra S, Sikder R, Bhattacharya S, Ahir M, Biswal D, Adhikary A, Pramanik NR, Lai TK, Drew MGB, Acharya K. Characterization and Inception of a Triterpenoid Astrakurkurol, as a Cytotoxic Molecule on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Hep3B. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7660-7673. [PMID: 31250646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are customary influential sources of pharmaceutically active metabolites. Usually lanostane-type triterpenoids from mushrooms had prospective for cancer disease treatments. Recently, a triterpenoid, astrakurkurol obtained from the fresh basidiocarps of the edible mushroom Astraeus hygrometricus, drew attention as a new cytotoxic therapeutic. The structural stability of this triterpenoid had been established with the amalgamation of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and study of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. To successfully manifest astrakurkurol as a potent cytotoxic therapeutics, a wide apprehension on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying their action is prerequisite. On this account, our study was directed to scrutinize the influence of this triterpenoid on human hepatocellular cancer cell model Hep3B. Encapsulating all experimental facts revealed that astrakurkurol had significantly decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was unveiled to be apoptosis, documented by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, nuclear shrinkage, membrane blebing, and imbalance of cell cycle distribution. Astrakurkurol persuaded the expression of death receptor associated proteins (Fas), which triggered caspase-8 activation following tBid cleavage. Moreover, tBid mediated ROS generation, which triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the mitochondrial apoptotic events. Astrakurkurol cytotoxicity was based on caspase-8-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway and was associated with inhibition at Akt and NF-κB pathway. Astrakurkurol had also inhibited the migration of Hep3B cells, indicating its antimigratory potential. These findings led us to introduce astrakurkurol as a feasible and natural source for a safer cytotoxic drug against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshna Nandi
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Swarnendu Chandra
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Rimpa Sikder
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Debanjana Biswal
- Department of Chemistry , University College of Science , 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road , Kolkata , WB 700009 , India
| | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , University of Calcutta , JD-2, Sector III, Salt Lake , Kolkata , WB 700098 , India
| | - Nikhil Ranjan Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry , Bidhannagar College , EB-2, Salt lake , Kolkata 700064 , India
| | - Tapan Kumar Lai
- Department of Chemistry , Vidyasagar Evening College , 39, Sankar Ghosh Lane , Kolkata 700006 , India
| | - Michael G B Drew
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Krishnendu Acharya
- Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Calcutta , 35, Ballygunge Circular Road , Kolkata , WB 700019 , India
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Rodenak-Kladniew B, Castro A, Stärkel P, De Saeger C, García de Bravo M, Crespo R. Linalool induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells through oxidative stress generation and modulation of Ras/MAPK and Akt/mTOR pathways. Life Sci 2018; 199:48-59. [PMID: 29510199 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Linalool is a plant-derived monoterpene with anticancer activity, however its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. The aim of this work was to elucidate the anticancer mechanisms of action of linalool in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) HepG2 cells. MAIN METHODS Cell viability and proliferation were determined by WST-1 assay and BrdU incorporation, respectively. Cell cycle analysis was assessed through flow cytometry (FC) and western blot (WB). Apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 activity, TUNEL assay and WB. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by FC and fluorescence microscopy. Expression of Ras, MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38) and Akt/mTOR pathways were evaluated by WB. KEY FINDINGS Linalool (0-2.5 mM) dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, through Cdk4 and cyclin A downregulation, p21 and p27 upregulation, and apoptosis, characterized by MMP loss, caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. Low concentrations of linalool (1.0 mM) reduced membrane-bound Ras and Akt activity whereas higher amounts (2.0 mM) triggered mTOR inhibition and ROS generation, in correlation with MAPKs activation and Akt phosphorylation. ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially rescued HepG2 cell growth and prevented MPP depolarization, ERK and JNK activation. Moreover, specific ERK and Akt phosphorylation inhibitors potentiated linalool anti-cancer activity, pointing Akt and ERK activation as pro-survival mechanisms in response to higher concentrations of linalool. SIGNIFICANCE This report reveals that linalool induces G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells involving Ras, MAPKs and Akt/mTOR pathways and suggests that linalool is a promising anticancer agent for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rodenak-Kladniew
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Agustina Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine De Saeger
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margarita García de Bravo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosana Crespo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, La Plata, Argentina.
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Liu Y, Yue C, Li J, Wu J, Wang S, Sun D, Guo Y, Lin Z, Zhang D, Wang R. Enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity by Retigeric acid B involves blocking DNA repair and activating DR5 in prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2871-2880. [PMID: 29435013 PMCID: PMC5778852 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retigeric acid B (RAB), a natural compound isolated from lichen, has been demonstrated to inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The present study evaluated the function of RAB combined with clinical chemotherapeutic drugs in PCa cell lines by MTT assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, and identified that RAB at low doses produced significant synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with cisplatin (CDDP); however, no marked synergism between RAB and the other chemotherapeutics was observed. Additional studies revealed that RAB exerted an inhibitory effect on DNA damage repair pathways, including the nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair pathways, which are involved in the sensitivity to CDDP-based chemotherapy, as suggested by the significantly downregulated expression of certain associated repair proteins. Notably, Excision repair cross-complementing 1, a critical gene in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, exhibited the most significant decrease. When combined with CDDP, RAB-mediated impairment of DNA repair resulted in prolonged DNA damage, as demonstrated by the long-lasting appearance of phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser139, which potentially enhanced the chemosensitivity to CDDP. Concurrently, the proapoptotic protein death receptor 5 (DR5) was activated by RAB, which also enhanced the chemotherapeutic response of CDDP. Knockdown of DR5 partially blocked RAB-CDDP synergism, suggesting the crucial involvement of DR5 in this event. The results of the present study identified that RAB functioned synergistically with CDDP to increase the efficacy of CDDP by inhibiting DNA damage repair and activating DR5, suggesting the mechanistic basis for the antitumor effect of RAB in combination with current chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chunwen Yue
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Deqing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Guo
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Lin
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Denglu Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Rongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Jiang D, Wang M, Wang T, Zhang B, Liu C, Zhang N. Multifunctionalized polyethyleneimine-based nanocarriers for gene and chemotherapeutic drug combination therapy through one-step assembly strategy. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:8681-8698. [PMID: 29263663 PMCID: PMC5724419 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy combined with chemotherapy to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects has been a hot topic in recent years. In this project, the human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-encoding plasmid gene (TRAIL) and doxorubicin (Dox)-coloaded multi-functional nanocarrier was constructed based on the theory of circulation, accumulation, internalization, and release. Briefly, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as skeleton material to synthesize PEI–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–TAT (PPT). Dox was conjugated to PEI using C6-succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate acetone hydrazone (C6-SANH), and a pH-sensitive Dox-PEI (DP) conjugate was obtained. Then, intracellular cationic pH-sensitive cellular assistant PPT and DP were mixed to condense TRAIL, and TRAIL–Dox coloaded PPT/DP/TRAIL (PDT) nanocarriers were obtained by one-step assembly. TRAIL was completely condensed by DP or PPT when mass ratios (DP/PPT to TRAIL) were up to 100:64, which indicated that DP and PPT could be mixed at any ratio for TRAIL condensation. The intracellular uptake rate of PDT was enhanced (P<0.05) when the contents of PPT in PPT+DP increased from 0 to 30%. Free Dox and TRAIL-loaded nanocarriers (PPT/C6-SANH-PEI/TRAIL [PCT]) were selected as controls to verify the synergistic antitumor effects of PDT. Compared with free TRAIL, TRAIL-protein expression was upregulated by PDT and PCT on Western blotting assays. The in vitro cytotoxicity of PDT was significantly enhanced compared to free Dox and PCT (P<0.01). Furthermore, murine PDT nanocarriers showed higher in vivo antitumor ability than both the Dox group (P<0.05) and the murine PCT group (P<0.05). These results indicated that the TRAIL + Dox synergistic antitumor effect could be achieved by PDT, which paves the way to gene–drug combination therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunxi Liu
- Pharmaceutical Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Zayoud M, Marcu-Malina V, Vax E, Jacob-Hirsch J, Elad-Sfadia G, Barshack I, Kloog Y, Goldstein I. Ras Signaling Inhibitors Attenuate Disease in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis via Targeting Pathogenic Antigen-Specific Th17-Type Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:799. [PMID: 28736556 PMCID: PMC5500629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ras family of GTPases plays an important role in signaling nodes downstream to T cell receptor and CD28 activation, potentially lowering the threshold for T-cell receptor activation by autoantigens. Somatic mutation in NRAS or KRAS may cause a rare autoimmune disorder coupled with abnormal expansion of lymphocytes. T cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show excessive activation of Ras/MEK/ERK pathway. The small molecule farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) interferes with the interaction between Ras GTPases and their prenyl-binding chaperones to inhibit proper plasma membrane localization. In the present study, we tested the therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of FTS and its derivative 5-fluoro-FTS (F-FTS) in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model (AIA). We show that AIA severity was significantly reduced by oral FTS and F-FTS treatment compared to vehicle control treatment. FTS was as effective as the mainstay anti-rheumatic drug methotrexate, and combining the two drugs significantly increased efficacy compared to each drug alone. We also discovered that FTS therapy inhibited both the CFA-driven in vivo induction of Th17 and IL-17/IFN-γ producing “double positive” as well as the upregulation of serum levels of the Th17-associated cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. By gene microarray analysis of effector CD4+ T cells from CFA-immunized rats, re-stimulated in vitro with the mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 65 (Bhsp65), we determined that FTS abrogated the Bhsp65-induced transcription of a large list of genes (e.g., Il17a/f, Il22, Ifng, Csf2, Lta, and Il1a). The functional enrichment bioinformatics analysis showed significant overlap with predefined gene sets related to inflammation, immune system processes and autoimmunity. In conclusion, FTS and F-FTS display broad immunomodulatory effects in AIA with inhibition of the Th17-type response to a dominant arthritogenic antigen. Hence, targeting Ras signal-transduction cascade is a potential novel therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morad Zayoud
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Marcu-Malina
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav Vax
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galit Elad-Sfadia
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences & Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Goldstein
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Rheumatology Unit, Chaim Sheba Academic Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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11
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Farnesylthiosalicylic acid sensitizes hepatocarcinoma cells to artemisinin derivatives. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171840. [PMID: 28182780 PMCID: PMC5300221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) and artesunate (ARS), two artemisinin derivatives, have efficacious anticancer activities against human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells. This study aims to study the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), a Ras inhibitor, in HCC cells (Huh-7 and HepG2 cell lines). FTS pretreatment significantly enhanced DHA/ARS-induced phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, Bak/Bax activation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release, and caspase-8 and -9 activations, characteristics of the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. Pretreatment with Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8 inhibitor) potently prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS, and pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK (pan-caspase inhibitor) significantly inhibited the loss of ΔΨm induced by DHA/ARS treatment or the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS in HCC cells. Furthermore, silencing Bak/Bax modestly but significantly inhibited the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA/ARS and FTS. Interestingly, pretreatment with an antioxidant N-Acetyle-Cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS instead of the combination treatment of ARS and FTS, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a key role in the anticancer action of the combination treatment of DHA and FTS. Similar to FTS, DHA/ARS also significantly prevented Ras activation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that FTS potently sensitizes Huh-7 and HepG2 cells to artemisinin derivatives via accelerating the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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12
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Yang L, Wang Y, Zheng H, Zhang D, Wu X, Sun G, Yang T. Low-dose 5-fluorouracil sensitizes HepG2 cells to TRAIL through TRAIL receptor DR5 and survivin-dependent mechanisms. J Chemother 2017; 29:179-188. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2016.1277048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haifeng Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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13
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Park MH, Kim JH, Chung YH, Lee SH. Bakuchiol sensitizes cancer cells to TRAIL through ROS- and JNK-mediated upregulation of death receptors and downregulation of survival proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:586-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Ko H, Jeong MH, Jeon H, Sung GJ, So Y, Kim I, Son J, Lee SW, Yoon HG, Choi KC. Delphinidin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, by inducing DR5 and causing caspase-mediated HDAC3 cleavage. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9970-84. [PMID: 25991668 PMCID: PMC4496411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells and is an immune effector in the surveillance and elimination of developing tumors. Yes, some cancers are resistant to TRAIL. Delphinidin, a polyphenolic compound contained in brightly colored fruits and vegetables, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumorigenic activities. Here we showed that delphinidin sensitized TRAIL-resistant human prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Cells treated with delphinidin and TRAIL activated the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of caspase activation. TRAIL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells pretreated with delphinidin was dependent on death receptor 5 (DR5) and downstream cleavage of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3). In conclusion, delphinidin sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inducing DR5, thus causing caspase-mediated HDAC3 cleavage. Our data reveal a potential way of chemoprevention of prostate cancer by enabling TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Ko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyelin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Jun Sung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngsin So
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - InKi Kim
- Asan Institute for Medical Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JaeKyoung Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Zhang J, Park D, Shin DM, Deng X. Targeting KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: challenges and opportunities. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:11-6. [PMID: 26578706 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) occur in 15%-30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite decades of intensive research, there is still no direct KRAS inhibitor with clinically proven efficacy. Considering its association with poor treatment response and prognosis of lung cancer, developing an effective inhibitory approach is urgently needed. Here, we review different strategies currently being explored to target KRAS-mutant NSCLC, discuss opportunities and challenges, and also propose some novel methods and concepts with the promise of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dongkyoo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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16
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Li J, Sun RR, Yu ZJ, Liang H, Shen S, Kan Q. Galectin-1 Modulates the Survival and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) Sensitivity in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2015; 30:336-41. [PMID: 26348206 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Ran-ran Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Zu-jiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Hongxia Liang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University, ZhengZhou, China
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17
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Zhang C, Cao X, Gei Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Cheng G, Liu Q. Silencing of survivin by YM155 induces apoptosis and growth arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1627-1631. [PMID: 26622722 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivin overactivation is a frequent event in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), due to its function in the induction of hepatocyte proliferation and apoptotic dysfunction. Recently, a novel survivin inhibitor named YM155, has demonstrated broad antitumor effects against various malignant tumors. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore how this agent may impact on HCC and elucidate its underlying mechanism of action. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 8 specimens of human HCC, to assess the protein expression of survivin and phosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (p-Rb). In addition, in vitro, HepG2 and Huh7 human HCC cell lines were exposed to 100 µM YM155 for up to 72 h and the cell viability was subsequently determined using MTT assay. Furthermore, the apoptotic status of YM155-treated HCC cells was investigated by flow cytometry, and the protein levels of survivin, procaspase-3 and p-Rb in YM155-treated HCC cells were assessed by immunoblotting analysis. The results demonstrated that HCC specimens expressed high levels of survivin and p-Rb protein compared with those of adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. In vitro, YM155 significantly induced HCC cell apoptosis and growth arrest. At the protein level, YM155 markedly inhibited survivin and p-Rb expression, and elevated procaspase-3. YM155 demonstrated significant antitumor effects on HCC cells in the present study. These effects were associated with its anti-proliferative and apoptosis-induction activities. YM155 requires further investigation as a novel agent for potential use as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yongxiang Gei
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Guochang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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18
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Delire B, Stärkel P. The Ras/MAPK pathway and hepatocarcinoma: pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:609-23. [PMID: 25832714 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major health problem, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. The multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is to date the sole approved systemic therapy. Several signalling pathways are implicated in tumour development and progression. Among these pathways, the Ras/MAPK pathway is activated in 50-100% of human HCCs and is correlated with a poor prognosis. The aim of this work was to review the main intracellular mechanisms leading to aberrant Ras pathway activation in HCC and the potential therapeutic implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review is based on the material found on PubMed up to December 2014. 'Ras signaling, Ras dysregulation, Ras inhibition, MAPK pathway, cancer, hepatocarcinoma and liver cancer' alone or in combination were the main terms used for online research. RESULTS Multiple mechanisms lead to the deregulation of the Ras pathway in liver cancer. Ras and Raf gene mutations are rare events in human hepatocarcinogenesis in contrast to experimental models in rodents. Downregulation of several Ras/MAPK pathway inhibitors such as GAPs, RASSF proteins, DUSP1, Sprouty and Spred proteins is largely implicated in the aberrant activation of this pathway in the context of wild-type Ras and Raf genes. Epigenetic or post-transcriptional mechanisms lead to the downregulation of these tumour suppressor genes. CONCLUSION Ras/MAPK pathway effectors may be considered as potential therapeutic targets in the field of HCC. In particular after the arrival of sorafenib, more Ras/MAPK inhibitors have emerged and are still in preclinical or clinical investigation for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Delire
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint-Luc Academic Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Ling Y, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Wang X, Chen L, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of hybrids from farnesylthiosalicylic acid and hydroxylcinnamic acid with dual inhibitory activities of Ras-related signaling and phosphorylated NF-κB. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:4517-30. [PMID: 24848877 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00023d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of hybrids (5a–r) of farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) and hydroxylcinnamic acid were designed and synthesized. Most of the hybrids displayed potent antiproliferative activity against seven cancer cell lines in vitro, superior to FTS as well as sorafenib. The most potent compound 5f selectively inhibited cancer cells but not non-tumor liver cell proliferation in vitro, and significantly induced SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis. Interestingly, 5f could simultaneously inhibit not only Ras-related signaling but also phosphorylated NF-κB, which may synergetically contribute to the cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Moreover, 5f showed low acute toxicity to mice and significantly inhibited the hepatoma tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, PR China
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20
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Wolfson E, Schmukler E, Schokoroy ST, Kloog Y, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Enhancing FTS (Salirasib) efficiency via combinatorial treatment. Biol Cell 2015; 107:130-43. [PMID: 25735913 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ras oncogene transmits signals, which regulate various cellular processes including cell motility, differentiation, growth and death. Since Ras signalling is abnormally activated in more than 30% of human cancers, Ras and its downstream signalling pathways are considered good targets for therapeutic interference. Ras is post-translationally modified by the addition of a farnesyl group, which permits its attachment to the plasma membrane. Exploiting this knowledge, a synthetic Ras inhibitor, S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; Salirasib), was developed. FTS resembles the farnesylcysteine group of Ras, and acts as an effective Ras antagonist. In the present review, the effect of FTS in combination with various other drugs, as tested in vitro and in vivo, and its therapeutic potential are discussed. As reviewed, FTS cooperates with diverse therapeutic agents, which significantly improves treatment outcome. Therefore, combinations of FTS with other agents have a potential to serve as anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Wolfson
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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21
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Badar T, Cortes JE, Ravandi F, O'Brien S, Verstovsek S, Garcia-Manero G, Kantarjian H, Borthakur G. Phase I study of S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (salirasib), a novel oral RAS inhibitor in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:433-438.e2. [PMID: 25795639 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rat sarcoma (RAS)/rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase activation (mutational or nonmutational) is a key pathway for survival and proliferative advantage of leukemic cells. Salirasib (Concordia Pharmaceuticals) is an oral RAS inhibitor that causes dislocation of RAS by competing directly with farnesylated RAS in binding to its putative membrane-binding proteins. Salirasib does not inhibit farnesyl transferase enzyme. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report on a phase I study of Salirasib in patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. Salirasib was administered orally twice daily on days 1 to 21 of a 28-day cycle in a "3+3" dose escalation design. RESULTS Seventeen patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia were treated for a median of 4 cycles (range, 1-29). Three patients each were enrolled at a dose level of 100, 200, 400, 600, and 800 mg twice daily and 2 patients at a dose level of 900 mg twice daily. No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered. Grade 1/2 diarrhea was the only frequent nonhematologic toxicity observed in 14 of 17 (82%) patients and was resolved with oral antidiarrheal agents. Eight (47%) patients (4 with myelodysplastic syndrome, 2 with acute myeloid leukemia, 1 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and 1 with chronic myeloid leukemia) had hematological improvement; 1 in 3 lineages, 1 in 2 lineages, and 6 in 1 lineage. None of the patients achieved complete remission. The responses lasted for a median of 10 weeks (range, 5-115). The study was discontinued because of financial constraints. CONCLUSION Salirasib was well tolerated and showed modest activity in relapsed/refractory hematological malignancies. The safety profile of Salirasib and its hematological malignancy relevant target makes it a potential drug to be used in combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Badar
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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22
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Jiao P, Zhou YS, Yang JX, Zhao YL, Liu QQ, Yuan C, Wang FZ. MK-2206 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and sensitizes TRAIL-mediated cell death. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 382:217-24. [PMID: 23797319 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has become evident that AKT inhibitors have great potential in cancer treatment. In this study, we investigate the anticancer activity of MK-2206, a novel AKT inhibitor, on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell, and to show whether MK-2206 enhances the apoptosis-inducing potential of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay and colony formation assay. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by propidium iodide flow cytometry. Apoptosis was determined by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining assay and caspase-9, casapse-7, caspase-3, and PARP cleavage. The results of present study showed that MK-2206-induced G1-phase arrest was associated with a marked decrease in the protein expression of cyclin D1 with concomitant induction of p21 and p27. MK-2206-induced apoptosis was characterized by cleavage of a pro-caspase in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the MAP family kinases p38 kinase and JNK were activated by exposure to MK-2206. SB203580, an p38-specific inhibitor, partially blocked MK-2206-induced death of HepG2 cells and caspase activation. A combination of MK-2206 with TRAIL significantly inhibited growth of TRAIL resistant HepG2 cells. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight to better understand anticancer mechanisms of MK-2206, at least in HepG2 cell. Using of MK-2206 as a potent sensitizer to TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death offers a promising means of enhancing the efficacy of TRAIL-based HCC treatments.
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Shin EA, Sohn EJ, Won G, Choi JU, Jeong M, Kim B, Kim MJ, Kim SH. Upregulation of microRNA135a-3p and death receptor 5 plays a critical role in Tanshinone I sensitized prostate cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. Oncotarget 2014; 5:5624-36. [PMID: 25015549 PMCID: PMC4170628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Though tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been used as a potent anticancer agent, TRAIL resistance is a hot-issue in cancer therapy. We investigated the antitumor mechanism of Tanshinone I to sensitize prostate cancer cells to TRAIL. Comibination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL exerted synergistic cytotoxicity, increased cleaved PARP, sub G1 population, the number of TUNELpositive cells, activated caspase 8, 9 and ROS production in PC-3 and DU145 cells. Of note, combination of Tanshinone I and TRAIL enhanced the protein expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and attenuated anti-apoptotic proteins. RT-PCR and RT-qPCR analyses confirmed that co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL up-regulated DR5 and microRNA 135a-3p at mRNA level or activity of DR5 promoter and attenuated phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases in PC-3. Conversely, the silencing of DR5 blocked the increased cytotoxicity, sub G1 population and PARP cleavages induced by co-treatment of Tanshinone I and TRAIL. Interestingly, miR135a-3p mimic enhanced DR5 at mRNA, increased PARP cleavage, Bax and the number of TUNEL positive cells in Tanshinone I and TRAIL cotreated PC-3. Overall, our findings suggest that Tanshinone I enhances TRAIL mediated apoptosis via upregulation of miR135a-3p mediated DR5 in prostate cancer cells as a potent TRAIL sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ah Shin
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Sohn
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gunho Won
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Un Choi
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myongsuk Jeong
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Inhibition of Hec1 as a novel approach for treatment of primary liver cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:511-20. [PMID: 25038613 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Highly expressed in cancer protein 1 (Hec1) is an oncogene and a promising molecular target for novel anticancer drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a Hec1 inhibitor, TAI-95, as a treatment for primary liver cancer. METHODS In vitro and in vivo methods were used to test the activity of TAI-95. Gene expression analysis was used to evaluate clinical correlation of the target. RESULTS In vitro growth inhibition results showed that TAI-95 has excellent potency on a wide range of primary liver cancer cell lines (hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma) (GI(50) 30-70 nM), which was superior to sorafenib and other cytotoxic agents. TAI-95 was relatively inactive in non-cancerous cell lines (GI(50) > 10 μM). TAI-95 disrupts the interaction between Hec1 and Nek2 and leads to degradation of Nek2, chromosomal misalignment, and apoptotic cell death. TAI-95 showed synergistic activity in selected cancer cell lines with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and topotecan, but not with sorafenib. TAI-95 shows excellent potency in a Huh-7 xenograft mouse model when administered orally. Gene expression analysis of clinical samples demonstrated increased expression of Hec1/NDC80 and associated genes (Nek2, SMC1A, and SMC2) in 27 % of patients, highlighting the potential for using this therapeutic approach to target patients with high Hec1 expression. CONCLUSION Inhibition of Hec1 using small molecule approach may represent a promising novel approach for the treatment of primary liver cancers.
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Fayyaz S, Yaylim I, Turan S, Kanwal S, Farooqi AA. Hepatocellular carcinoma: targeting of oncogenic signaling networks in TRAIL resistant cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6909-17. [PMID: 25037270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is impaired because of interconnectivity of proteins into complexes and signaling networks that are highly divergent in time and space. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has emerged as an attractive anticancer agent reported to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Although diametrically opposed roles of TRAIL are reported both as an inducer of apoptosis and regulator of metastasis, overwhelmingly accumulating experimental evidence highlighting apoptosis inducing activity of TRAIL is directing TRAIL into clinical trials. Insights from TRAIL mediated signaling in HCC research are catalyzing new lines of study that should not only explain molecular mechanisms of disease but also highlight emerging paradigms in restoration of TRAIL mediated apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. It is becoming progressively more understandable that phytochemicals derived from edible plants have shown potential in modelling their interactions with their target proteins. Rapidly accumulating in vitro and in-vivo evidence indicates that phytonutrients have anticancer activity in rodent models of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review we bring to limelight how phytonutrients restore apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by rebalancing pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Evidence has started to emerge, that reveals how phytonutrients target pharmacologically intractable proteins to suppress cancer. Target-based small-molecule discovery has entered into the mainstream research in the pharmaceutical industry and a better comprehension of the genetics of patients will be essential for identification of responders and non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
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Pennati M, Sbarra S, De Cesare M, Lopergolo A, Locatelli SL, Campi E, Daidone MG, Carlo-Stella C, Gianni AM, Zaffaroni N. YM155 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to membrane-bound TRAIL through p38 MAPK- and CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:299-309. [PMID: 24866585 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Because available treatments have limited efficacy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the identification of new therapeutic strategies to improve patients' outcome is urgently needed. In our study, we investigated the effects of the administration of the small molecule selective survivin suppressant YM155, alone or in association with CD34+ cells transduced with a replication-deficient adenovirus encoding the human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene (CD34-TRAIL+ cells), in three TNBC cell models. YM155 exposure significantly impaired TNBC cell growth and selectively modulated survivin expression at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, co-culturing YM155-treated TNBC cells with CD34-TRAIL+ cells resulted in markedly increased cytotoxic effect and apoptotic response in comparison with single treatments. Such a chemosensitizing effect was observed only in TNBC cells inherently expressing DR5 and relied on the ability of YM155 to upregulate DR5 expression through a p38 MAPK- and CHOP-dependent mechanism. YM155/CD34-TRAIL+ combination also showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of DR5-expressing TNBC cells following xenotransplantation into NOD/SCID mice, in the absence of toxicity. Overall, our data (i) provide, for the first time, evidence that YM155 sensitizes TNBC cells to CD34-TRAIL+ cells-induced apoptosis by a mechanism involving the downregulation of survivin and the simultaneous p38 MAPK- and CHOP-mediated upregulation of DR5, and (ii) suggest the combination of YM155 with TRAIL-armed CD34+ progenitor cells as a promising therapeutic option for patients with TNBC expressing DR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Pennati
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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Park MH, Kim SY, Kim YJ, Chung YH. ALS2CR7 (CDK15) attenuates TRAIL induced apoptosis by inducing phosphorylation of survivin Thr34. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:129-34. [PMID: 24866247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered a promising agent for medical applications because it induces apoptosis selectively in a variety of cancer cells without toxicity to normal human cells. However, its therapeutic potential has been limited by the existence of several cancer cells with TRAIL resistance. TRAIL resistance results from a variety of mechanisms, which occur at various points in the cellular signaling pathways. In this study, we demonstrate that ALS2CR7 (CDK15) can mediate resistance to TRAIL. We also demonstrate that cell viability of TRAIL sensitive HCT116 and MDA-MB-231 cells increased after TRAIL treatment in ALS2CR7 transfected cancer cells compared with vector transfected cancer cells. Furthermore, cell viability was decreased by TRAIL treatment after knockdown with ALS2CR7 siRNA in TRAIL resistant HT29 and MCF-7 cells. We also show that the activated form of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, -8 and -9 and PARP increased after TRAIL treatment in the control group, but decreased in the ALS2CR7 transfected group. The expression of survival proteins such as bcl2 and survivin in TRAIL sensitive cancer cells increased in the ALS2CR7 transfected group, but decreased in TRAIL resistant cancer cells treated with ALS2CR7 siRNA. Other survival proteins such as FLIP and XIAP were not affected. ALS2CR7 appears to bind with only survivin, and not bcl2. The phospho-survivin (Thr34) critical in drug resistance was increased by transfection with ALS2CR7, but the expression of death receptors such as DR4 and DR5 was not affected. ALS2CR7 did not bind with any of the death receptors in our study. In summary, our results suggest that ALS2CR7 confers TRAIL resistance to cancer cells via phosphorylation of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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Rauch A, Hennig D, Schäfer C, Wirth M, Marx C, Heinzel T, Schneider G, Krämer OH. Survivin and YM155: how faithful is the liaison? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:202-20. [PMID: 24440709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Survivin belongs to the family of apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs), which antagonizes the induction of cell death. Dysregulated expression of IAPs is frequently observed in cancers, and the high levels of survivin in tumors compared to normal adult tissues make it an attractive target for pharmacological interventions. The small imidazolium-based compound YM155 has recently been reported to block the expression of survivin via inhibition of the survivin promoter. Recent data, however, question that this is the sole and main effect of this drug, which is already being tested in ongoing clinical studies. Here, we critically review the current data on YM155 and other new experimental agents supposed to antagonize survivin. We summarize how cells from various tumor entities and with differential expression of the tumor suppressor p53 respond to this agent in vitro and as murine xenografts. Additionally, we recapitulate clinical trials conducted with YM155. Our article further considers the potency of YM155 in combination with other anti-cancer agents and epigenetic modulators. We also assess state-of-the-art data on the sometimes very promiscuous molecular mechanisms affected by YM155 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Rauch
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Claudia Schäfer
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Marx
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinzel
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Ling Y, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang Z, Xu C, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel farnesylthiosalicylic acid derivatives for cancer treatment. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:327-33. [PMID: 24435839 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) derivatives were synthesized by coupling with different substituted diamines. Their in vitro growth inhibitory activities against seven human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The results revealed that the synthetic farnesylthiosalicylamides displayed significant antitumor activities compared to the positive control FTS. Especially, compound 8f exhibited the strongest antitumor activities with IC50 values of 6.20-7.83 µM, which were one- to threefold less than those of sorafenib and six- to tenfold less than that of FTS against each cell line in vitro. Furthermore, 8f could inhibit the Ras-related signaling pathway and induce SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis superior to FTS in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that 8f may hold greater promise as therapeutic agent for the intervention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Kawahara T, Toso C, Yamaguchi K, Cader S, Douglas DN, Nourbakhsh M, Lewis JT, Churchill TA, Yagita H, Kneteman NM. Additive effect of sirolimus and anti-death receptor 5 agonistic antibody against hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2013; 33:1441-8. [PMID: 23895107 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite careful patient selection, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs in 10-20% of cases after liver transplantation, and the use of potent adjuvant anticancer drugs would be welcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a combined therapy of rapamycin (sirolimus) and anti-death receptor (DR)5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) on HCC. METHODS We first assessed the side effects of anti-DR5 mAb administration in vivo by giving various doses of anti-DR5 mAb. Cell proliferation assays were then performed using mouse Hepa1-6 cells or human Huh7 cells to quantify the relative cell viability under various concentrations of sirolimus, anti-DR5 mAb or a combination. Next, one million Hepa1-6 cells were transplanted into C.B17-SCID-beige mice subcutaneously, and four groups were created: (1) untreated, (2) anti-DR5 mAb alone, (3) sirolimus alone and (4) anti-DR5 mAb + sirolimus. RESULTS Anti-DR5 mAb (200 and 300 μg/day) induced liver dysfunction with partial necrosis of the liver, but 100 μg/day was well tolerated with transaminitis, but normal bilirubin and only minor histological liver damage. In vitro, anti-DR5 mAb lysed Hepa1-6 and Huh7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and combinations of sirolimus and anti-DR5 mAb demonstrated an additive effect. In vivo studies demonstrated that tumour sizes were significantly smaller in the combined therapy group than in the monotherapy groups. CONCLUSIONS Combining sirolimus and low-dose anti-DR5 mAb has a significant effect against HCC. This strategy represents a potential novel approach for the management of HCC.
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