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Cinti S, Tomassi S, Ciardiello C, Migliorino R, Pirozzi M, Leone A, Di Gennaro E, Campani V, De Rosa G, D'Amore VM, Di Maro S, Donati G, Singh S, Raucci A, Di Leva FS, Kessler H, Budillon A, Marinelli L. Paper-based electrochemical device for early detection of integrin αvβ6 expressing tumors. Commun Chem 2024; 7:60. [PMID: 38514757 PMCID: PMC10957923 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in the prevention and diagnosis of cancer, current technologies for tumor detection present several limitations including invasiveness, toxicity, inaccuracy, lengthy testing duration and high cost. Therefore, innovative diagnostic techniques that integrate knowledge from biology, oncology, medicinal and analytical chemistry are now quickly emerging in the attempt to address these issues. Following this approach, here we developed a paper-based electrochemical device for detecting cancer-derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (S-EVs) in fluids. S-EVs were obtained from cancer cell lines known to express, at a different level, the αvβ6 integrin receptor, a well-established hallmark of numerous epithelial cancer types. The resulting biosensor turned out to recognize αvβ6-containing S-EVs down to a limit of 0.7*103 S-EVs/mL with a linear range up to 105 S-EVs /mL, and a relative standard deviation of 11%, thus it may represent a novel opportunity for αvβ6 expressing cancers detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cinti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Migliorino
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Second Unit, Institute of Experimenal Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Campani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Department DiSTABiF, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Greta Donati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sima Singh
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Raucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori -IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 53, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Liu WR, Li MT, Zhou Q, Gao SY, Hou JB, Yang GB, Liu NM, Jia-Yan, Yu JP, Cheng J, Guo ZY. Study on Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao Inhibiting Autophagy in Calcium Oxalate-induced Renal Injury by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS-based Metabonomics and Network Pharmacology Approaches. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:90-100. [PMID: 37190798 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230515151302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao is a Chinese herbal preparation used to treat urinary calculi. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can protect renal tubular epithelial cells from calcium oxalateinduced renal injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated autopathy. The mechanism still needs further exploration. Metabonomics is a new subject; the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology can find pathways for drugs to act on targets more efficiently. METHODS Comprehensive metabolomics and network pharmacology to study the mechanism of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao inhibiting autophagy in calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, combined with biochemical analysis, a mice model of Calcium oxalateinduced renal injury was established to study the therapeutic effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao. Based on the network pharmacology, the target signaling pathway and the protective effect of Fu- Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao on Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury by inhibiting autophagy were explored. Autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Combining network pharmacology and metabolomics, 50 differential metabolites and 2482 targets related to these metabolites were found. Subsequently, the targets enriched in PI3KAkt, MAPK and Ras signaling pathways. LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG7 were up-regulated in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. All of them could be reversed after the Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian- Cao treatment. CONCLUSIONS Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can reverse ROS-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing autophagy damage of renal tubular epithelial cells in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Rui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Ting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song-Yan Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Bin Hou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Bin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan-Mei Liu
- International Medicine III (Nephrology & Endocrinology), Navy Medical Center of PLA, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Peng Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- International Medicine III (Nephrology & Endocrinology), Navy Medical Center of PLA, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone and lung, but the ability to treat metastatic tumor cells remains a pressing clinical challenge. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs) have emerged as promising targets since these enzymes are aberrantly expressed in numerous cancers and regulate the expression of genes that drive tumorigenesis and metastasis. This review focuses on the abnormal expression of histone-modifying enzymes in cancers that have a high tropism for the bone and lung and explores the clinical use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of metastasis to these sites. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the role for HDACs is highly dependent on tumor type and stage of disease progression. HDAC inhibitors can induce apoptosis, senescence, cell differentiation, and tumor dormancy genes and inhibit angiogenesis, making these promising therapeutics for the treatment of metastatic disease. HDAC inhibitors are already FDA approved for hematologic malignancies and are in clinical trials with standard-of-care chemotherapies and targeted agents for several solid tumors, including cases of metastatic disease. However, these drugs can negatively impact bone homeostasis. Although HDAC inhibitors are not currently administered for the treatment of bone and lung metastatic disease, preclinical studies have shown that these drugs can reduce distant metastasis by targeting molecular factors and signaling pathways that drive tumor cell dissemination to these sites. Thus, HDAC inhibitors in combination with bone protective therapies may be beneficial in the treatment of bone metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Edwards
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215b Garland Ave, 1165C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, 2215b Garland Ave, 1165C Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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Chu Y, Xiao Z, Jing N, Yan W, Wang S, Ma B, Zhang J, Li Y. Arborinine, a potential LSD1 inhibitor, inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of SGC-7901 cells and adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer SGC-7901/ADR cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:627-635. [PMID: 33215324 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arborinine is a natural product isolated from G. parva leaf extracts, which displays potentially antiproliferative activity against human cervical cancer cells. In contrast, its anticancer effects against gastric cancer cells and drug-resistant gastric cancer cells remain unknown. In this work, arborinine was evaluated as a broad-spectrum antiproliferative agent, and it exhibited potently inhibitory activity against NCI-N87 (IC50 = 5.67 μM), BGC-823 (IC50 = 7.26 μM), MGC803 (IC50 = 4.75 μM), SGC-7901 (IC50 = 1.96 μM), HGC-27 (IC50 = 5.70 μM), SGC-7901/ADR (IC50 = 0.24 μM), SGC-7901/VCR (IC50 = 1.09 μM), and MGC803/PTX (IC50 = 1.32 μM) cell lines. Subsequent target verification experiments demonstrated that arborinine selectively and reversibly inhibited LSD1 in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that arborinine suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901/ADR in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo antitumor study further indicated that arborinine can significantly reduce the growth of tumors both in SGC-7901 and SGC-7901/ADR xenograft mouse models. Overall, we demonstrated the potential of arborinine as an effective treatment for gastric cancer and adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Chu
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Nan Jing
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Shanmei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Jiangfeng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
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5
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Natriuretic Peptides Regulate Prostate Cells Inflammatory Behavior: Potential Novel Anticancer Agents for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060794. [PMID: 34070682 PMCID: PMC8228623 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, by inducing a tumor-promoting microenvironment, is a hallmark for prostate cancer (PCa) progression. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome activation, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion, and cancer cell-released extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to the establishment of tumor microenvironment. We have shown that PC3-derived EVs (PC3-EVs) activate inflammasome cascade in non-cancerous PNT2 cells. It is known that the endogenous biomolecules and Natriuretic Peptides (NPs), such as ANP and BNP, inhibit inflammasome activation in immune cells. Here we investigated whether ANP and BNP modify PCa inflammatory phenotype in vitro. By using PNT2, LNCaP, and PC3 cell lines, which model different PCa progression stages, we analyzed inflammasome activation and the related pathways by Western blot and IL-1β secretion by ELISA. We found that tumor progression is characterized by constitutive inflammasome activation, increased IL-1β secretion, and reduced endogenous NPs expression. The administration of exogenous ANP and BNP, via p38-MAPK or ERK1/2-MAPK, by inducing NLRP3 phosphorylation, counteract inflammasome activation and IL-1β maturation in PC3 and PC3-EVs-treated PNT2 cells, respectively. Our results demonstrate that NPs, by interfering with cell-specific signaling pathways, exert pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects converging toward inflammasome phosphorylation and suggest that NPs can be included in a drug repurposing process for PCa.
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Acikgoz E, Mukhtarova G, Alpay A, Avci CB, Bagca BG, Oktem G. Sonic hedgehog signaling is associated with resistance to zoledronic acid in CD133high/CD44high prostate cancer stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3567-3578. [PMID: 33948856 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06387-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population that has been linked to drug resistance and metastasis and recurrence of prostate cancer. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal regulates stem cells in normal prostate epithelium by affecting cell behavior, survival, proliferation, and maintenance. Aberrant SHH pathway activation leads to an unsuitable expansion of stem cell lineages in the prostate epithelium and the transformation of prostate CSCs (PCSCs). Zoledronic acid (ZOL), one of the third-generation bisphosphonates, effectively prevented bone metastasis and treated advanced prostate cancer despite androgen deprivation therapy. Despite strong evidence for the involvement of the SHH in human PCSCs survival and drug resistance, the roles of SHH in the PCSCs-related resistance to ZOL remain to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the SHH pathway in ZOL resistance of PCSCs in 2D and three 3D cell culture conditions. For this purpose, we isolated CD133high/ CD44high PCSCs using a flow cytometer. Following ZOL treatment, mRNA and protein expressions of the components of the SHH signaling pathway in PCSCs and non-CSCs were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Immunofluorescence staining, respectively. Our finding suggested that SHH signaling may be activated by different mechanisms that lead to avoidance of the inhibition effect of ZOL. Thereby, SHH pathways may be associated with the resistance to ZOL developed by prostate CSCs. Inhibition of CSCs-related SHH signaling along with ZOL treatment should be considered to achieve improvement in survival or delayed treatment failure and prevention of the CSCs-related drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, 65080, Turkey.
| | - Gunel Mukhtarova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical School, İzmir, 35080, Turkey.,Department of Basic Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey
| | - Araz Alpay
- Department of Health Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey
| | - Bakiye Goker Bagca
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Science, Ege University, Izmir, 35080, Turkey
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Iannelli F, Roca MS, Lombardi R, Ciardiello C, Grumetti L, De Rienzo S, Moccia T, Vitagliano C, Sorice A, Costantini S, Milone MR, Pucci B, Leone A, Di Gennaro E, Mancini R, Ciliberto G, Bruzzese F, Budillon A. Synergistic antitumor interaction of valproic acid and simvastatin sensitizes prostate cancer to docetaxel by targeting CSCs compartment via YAP inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:213. [PMID: 33032653 PMCID: PMC7545949 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the introduction of several novel therapeutic approaches that improved survival, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains an incurable disease. Herein we report the synergistic antitumor interaction between two well-known drugs used for years in clinical practice, the antiepileptic agent with histone deacetylase inhibitory activity valproic acid and the cholesterol lowering agent simvastatin, in mCRPC models. METHODS Synergistic anti-tumor effect was assessed on PC3, 22Rv1, DU145, DU145R80, LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines and EPN normal prostate epithelial cells, by calculating combination index (CI), caspase 3/7 activation and colony formation assays as well as on tumor spheroids and microtissues scored with luminescence 3D-cell viability assay. Cancer stem cells (CSC) compartment was studied evaluating specific markers by RT-PCR, western blotting and flow cytometry as well as by limiting dilution assay. Cholesterol content was evaluated by 1H-NMR. Overexpression of wild-type YAP and constitutively active YAP5SA were obtained by lipofectamine-based transfection and evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT-PCR. 22Rv1 R_39 docetaxel resistant cells were selected by stepwise exposure to increasing drug concentrations. In vivo experiments were performed on xenograft models of DU145R80, 22Rv1 parental and docetaxel resistant cells, in athymic mice. RESULTS We demonstrated the capacity of the combined approach to target CSC compartment by a novel molecular mechanism based on the inhibition of YAP oncogene via concurrent modulation of mevalonate pathway and AMPK. Because both CSCs and YAP activation have been associated with chemo-resistance, we tested if the combined approach can potentiate docetaxel, a standard of care in mCRCP treatment. Indeed, we demonstrated, both in vitro and in vivo models, the ability of valproic acid/simvastatin combination to sensitize mCRPC cells to docetaxel and to revert docetaxel-resistance, by mevalonate pathway/YAP axis modulation. CONCLUSION Overall, mCRPC progression and therapeutic resistance driven by CSCs via YAP, can be tackled by the combined repurposing of two generic and safe drugs, an approach that warrants further clinical development in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Iannelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Grumetti
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Rienzo
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Moccia
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sorice
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Costantini
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Milone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via Ammiraglio Bianco, 83013, Mercogliano, AV, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit-Laboratory of Naples and Mercogliano (AV), Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Integrated Analysis to Study the Relationship between Tumor-Associated Selenoproteins: Focus on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186694. [PMID: 32933107 PMCID: PMC7555134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are proteins that contain selenium within selenocysteine residues. To date, twenty-five mammalian selenoproteins have been identified; however, the functions of nearly half of these selenoproteins are unknown. Although alterations in selenoprotein expression and function have been suggested to play a role in cancer development and progression, few detailed studies have been carried out in this field. Network analyses and data mining of publicly available datasets on gene expression levels in different cancers, and the correlations with patient outcome, represent important tools to study the correlation between selenoproteins and other proteins present in the human interactome, and to determine whether altered selenoprotein expression is cancer type-specific, and/or correlated with cancer patient prognosis. Therefore, in the present study, we used bioinformatics approaches to (i) build up the network of interactions between twenty-five selenoproteins and identify the most inter-correlated proteins/genes, which are named HUB nodes; and (ii) analyze the correlation between selenoprotein gene expression and patient outcome in ten solid tumors. Then, considering the need to confirm by experimental approaches the correlations suggested by the bioinformatics analyses, we decided to evaluate the gene expression levels of the twenty-five selenoproteins and six HUB nodes in androgen receptor-positive (22RV1 and LNCaP) and androgen receptor-negative (DU145 and PC3) cell lines, compared to human nontransformed, and differentiated, prostate epithelial cells (EPN) by RT-qPCR analysis. This analysis confirmed that the combined evaluation of some selenoproteins and HUB nodes could have prognostic value and may improve patient outcome predictions.
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Wei W, Ma XD, Jiang GM, Shi B, Zhong W, Sun CL, Zhao L, Hou YJ, Wang H. The AKT/GSK3-Mediated Slug Expression Contributes to Oxaliplatin Resistance in Colorectal Cancer via Upregulation of ERCC1. Oncol Res 2020; 28:423-438. [PMID: 32331534 PMCID: PMC7851510 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15877284857868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oxaliplatin serves as one of the first-line drugs prescribed for treating colorectal cancer (CRC), the therapeutic effect is disappointing due to drug resistance. So far, the molecular mechanisms mediating oxaliplatin resistance remain unclear. In this study, we found the chemoresistance in oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116 cells (HCT116/OXA) was mediated by the upregulation of ERCC1 expression. In addition, the acquisition of resistance induced epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the Slug overexpression. On the contrary, Slug silencing reversed the EMT phenotype, decreased ERCC1 expression, and ameliorated drug resistance. Further mechanistical studies revealed the enhanced Slug expression resulted from the activation of AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling. Moreover, in CRC patients, coexpression of Slug and ERCC1 was observed, and increased Slug expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Taken together, the simultaneous inhibition of the AKT/GSK3/Slug axis may be of significance for surmounting metastasis and chemoresistance, thereby improving the therapeutic outcome of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Ma
- †Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- ‡Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, P.R. China
| | - Bin Shi
- §Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhong
- ¶Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Lei Sun
- §Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Jiao Hou
- *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
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10
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Targeting MAPK Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Sensitivity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031102. [PMID: 32046099 PMCID: PMC7037308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways represent ubiquitous signal transduction pathways that regulate all aspects of life and are frequently altered in disease. Here, we focus on the role of MAPK pathways in modulating drug sensitivity and resistance in cancer. We briefly discuss new findings in the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, but mainly focus on the mechanisms how stress activated MAPK pathways, such as p38 MAPK and the Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), impact the response of cancer cells to chemotherapies and targeted therapies. In this context, we also discuss the role of metabolic and epigenetic aberrations and new therapeutic opportunities arising from these changes.
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11
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Ciardiello C, Leone A, Lanuti P, Roca MS, Moccia T, Minciacchi VR, Minopoli M, Gigantino V, De Cecio R, Rippa M, Petti L, Capone F, Vitagliano C, Milone MR, Pucci B, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Di Gennaro E, Bruzzese F, Marchisio M, Carriero MV, Di Vizio D, Budillon A. Large oncosomes overexpressing integrin alpha-V promote prostate cancer adhesion and invasion via AKT activation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:317. [PMID: 31319863 PMCID: PMC6639931 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular markers for prostate cancer (PCa) are required to improve the early definition of patient outcomes. Atypically large extracellular vesicles (EVs), referred as "Large Oncosomes" (LO), have been identified in highly migratory and invasive PCa cells. We recently developed and characterized the DU145R80 subline, selected from parental DU145 cells as resistant to inhibitors of mevalonate pathway. DU145R80 showed different proteomic profile compared to parental DU145 cells, along with altered cytoskeleton dynamics and a more aggressive phenotype. METHODS Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to identify blebbing and EVs protein cargo. EVs, purified by gradient ultra-centrifugations, were analyzed by tunable resistive pulse sensing and multi-parametric flow cytometry approach coupled with high-resolution imaging technologies. LO functional effects were tested in vitro by adhesion and invasion assays and in vivo xenograft model in nude mice. Xenograft and patient tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found spontaneous blebbing and increased shedding of LO from DU145R80 compared to DU145 cells. LO from DU145R80, compared to those from DU145, carried increased amounts of key-molecules involved in PCa progression including integrin alpha V (αV-integrin). By incubating DU145 cells with DU145R80-derived LO we demonstrated that αV-integrin on LO surface was functionally involved in the increased adhesion and invasion of recipient cells, via AKT. Indeed either the pre-incubation of LO with an αV-integrin blocking antibody, or a specific AKT inhibition in recipient cells are able to revert the LO-induced functional effects. Moreover, DU145R80-derived LO also increased DU145 tumor engraftment in a mice model. Finally, we identified αV-integrin positive LO-like structures in tumor xenografts as well as in PCa patient tissues. Increased αV-integrin tumor expression correlated with high Gleason score and lymph node status. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study is the first to demonstrate the critical role of αV-integrin positive LO in PCa aggressive features, adding new insights in biological function of these large EVs and suggesting their potential use as PCa prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria S Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Tania Moccia
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina R Minciacchi
- Georg-Speyer-Haus Institute for Tumor biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michele Minopoli
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gigantino
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella De Cecio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Rippa
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello' of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Petti
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems 'E. Caianiello' of CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R Milone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria V Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology & Lab Medicine, and Biochemical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Via M. Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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12
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Sherbet GV. Statins: A Conceivable Remedial Role for the Regulation of Cancer Progression. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394714666180611113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway (also known as the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway) plays a crucial metabolic role in normal cell function as well as in the pathological environment. It leads to the synthesis of sterol and non-sterol isoprenoid biomolecules which subserve a variety of cellular functions. It is known to be deregulated in many disease processes. Statins and bisphosphonates are prominent inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway. They inhibit cell proliferation and activate apoptotic signalling and suppress tumour growth. Statins subdue metastatic spread of tumours by virtue of their ability to suppress invasion and angiogenesis. The induction of autophagy is another feature of statin effects that could contribute to the suppression of metastasis. Herein highlighted are the major signalling systems that statins engage to generate these biological effects. Statins can constrain tumour growth by influencing the expression and function of growth factor and receptor systems. They may suppress epithelial mesenchymal transition with resultant inhibition of cell survival signalling, together with the inhibition of cancer stem cell generation, and their maintenance and expansion. They can suppress ER (oestrogen receptor)-α in breast cancer cells. Statins have been implicated in the activation of the serine/threonine protein kinase AMPK (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein) leading to the suppression of cell proliferation. Both statins and bisphosphonates can suppress angiogenic signalling by HIF (hypoxia- inducible factor)-1/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)/VEGFR (VEGF receptor). Statins have been linked with improvements in disease prognosis. Also attributed to them is the ability of cancer prevention and reduction of risk of some forms of cancer. The wide spectrum of cancer associated events which these mevalonate inhibitors appear to influence would suggest a conceivable role for them in cancer management. However, much deliberation is warranted in the design and planning of clinical trials, their scope and definition of endpoints, modes risk assessment and the accrual of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajanan V. Sherbet
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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13
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Implication for Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Cancer Chemo-Resistance: Promising Therapeutic Strategies Based on the Use of HDAC Inhibitors. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070912. [PMID: 31247937 PMCID: PMC6678716 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy in patients with solid cancers represents a daunting challenge that must be addressed. Indeed, current strategies are still not effective in the majority of patients; which has resulted in the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. In this review, we analyzed the implications for CSCs in drug resistance and described that multiple alterations in morphogenetic pathways (i.e., Hippo, Wnt, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, Notch, Hedgehog pathways) were suggested to be critical for CSC plasticity. By interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we first analyzed the prevalence of morphogenetic pathways alterations in solid tumors with associated outcomes. Then, by highlighting epigenetic relevance in CSC development and maintenance, we selected histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as potential agents of interest to target this subpopulation based on the pleiotropic effects exerted specifically on altered morphogenetic pathways. In detail, we highlighted the role of HDACi in solid cancers and, specifically, in the CSC subpopulation and we pointed out some mechanisms by which HDACi are able to overcome drug resistance and to modulate stemness. Although, further clinical and preclinical investigations should be conducted to disclose the unclear mechanisms by which HDACi modulate several signaling pathways in different tumors. To date, several lines of evidence support the testing of novel combinatorial therapeutic strategies based on the combination of drugs commonly used in clinical practice and HDACi to improve therapeutic efficacy in solid cancer patients.
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14
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Lim V, Zhu H, Diao S, Hu L, Hu J. PKP3 interactions with MAPK-JNK-ERK1/2-mTOR pathway regulates autophagy and invasion in ovarian cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:646-653. [PMID: 30527804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Armadillo-related proteins function in both signal transduction and cell adhesion, it also plays a central role in tumorigenesis. Plakophilin 3 (PKP3) is a member of the armadillo protein family. PKP3 has demonstrated a role in melanoma, breast cancer, gastric cancer, and other kind of cancers; however its role in ovarian cancer was not fully understood. In this study we explored the function and mechanisms of PKP3 in ovarian cancer. An elevated level of PKP3 was found in ovarian cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. PKP3 also modulate cellular proliferation and invasion in ovarian cancer. The ability of cellular proliferation, formation, and invasion was significantly decreased after the silencing of PKP3 in SKOV3 cells. While an over-expression of PKP3 in A2780 cells up-regulates the ability of cellular proliferation, formation, and invasion. As for the mechanism of PKP3, mTOR pathway was activated to regulate autophagy according to the interaction of PKP3 with the upstream of MAPK pathway. The result of this study support PKP3 as the oncogene candidate and a potential target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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15
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Milone MR, Lombardi R, Roca MS, Bruzzese F, Addi L, Pucci B, Budillon A. Novel pathways involved in cisplatin resistance identified by a proteomics approach in non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9077-9092. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Milone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Laura Addi
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Laboratori di Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS‐Fondazione G. Pascale Napoli Italy
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16
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Kim DH, Shin EA, Kim B, Shim BS, Kim SH. Reactive oxygen species-mediated phosphorylation of p38 signaling is critically involved in apoptotic effect of Tanshinone I in colon cancer cells. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1975-1982. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine; Kyung Hee University; Seoul South Korea
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17
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Zhang Y, Xu M, Zhang X, Chu F, Zhou T. MAPK/c-Jun signaling pathway contributes to the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induced by Epstein-Barr virus-encoded BARF1 in gastric carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7537-7544. [PMID: 29725459 PMCID: PMC5920478 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BARF1, encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), has been hypothesized to function as an oncogene, which was expressed in gastric carcinoma cells. Additionally, it has been reported that the anti-apoptotic function is closely associated with the expression of the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein. In addition, the signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in numerous diseases, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. In order to study the specific mechanism of anti-apoptotic function, BARF1-stably-expressing immortalized normal human embryo gastric epithelial cell line GES1 (GES-BARF1), and well-, moderately- and poorly-differentiated gastric carcinoma cell lines, MKN28 (which has been reported to be contaminated with the moderately-differentiated MKN74 gastric carcinoma cell line), SGC7901 and BGC823 (MKN-BARF1, SGC-BARF1 and BGC-BARF1, respectively) (GCC-BARF1) were constructed, with transfection of cells with the empty vector pSG5 acting as controls. Western blot analysis was performed to analyze the protein expression and the phosphorylation levels. Compared with the controls, it was found that the protein expression levels of c-Jun, Bcl-2 and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), as well as the phosphorylation levels of c-Jun, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2/3, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 proteins were upregulated in 3 GCC-BARF1 but not significantly changed in GES-BARF1. The expression levels of the c-Jun, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, and levels of c-Jun protein phosphorylation were significantly decreased in SGC-BARF1 cells subsequent to treatment with SP600125, SB203580, and U0126, which were the specific inhibitors of JNK1/2/3, p38 and ERK1/2 respectively. In addition, there was a gradual increase in the protein expression and phosphorylation levels between normal gastric epithelial cells, and well-differentiated, moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated gastric carcinoma cells, but this was not statistically significant. Therefore, the present study hypothesized that JNK1/2/3-, p38- and ERK1/2-MAPK/c-Jun cascade signaling pathways may contribute to the upregulation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL induced by BARF1 in gastric carcinoma cells. This mechanism may mainly work in the progressive phase of the development in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215168, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Fuying Chu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tianji Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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18
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Zhang P, Song Y, Sun Y, Li X, Chen L, Yang L, Xing Y. AMPK/GSK3β/β‐catenin cascade‐triggered overexpression of CEMIP promotes migration and invasion in anoikis‐resistant prostate cancer cells by enhancing metabolic reprogramming. FASEB J 2018; 32:3924-3935. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701078r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of UrologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yarong Song
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yadong Sun
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuechao Li
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Plastic SurgeryUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Likun Yang
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yifei Xing
- Department of UrologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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19
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Suppression of ABHD2, identified through a functional genomics screen, causes anoikis resistance, chemoresistance and poor prognosis in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47620-47636. [PMID: 27323405 PMCID: PMC5216966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis resistance is a hallmark of cancer, and relates to malignant phenotypes, including chemoresistance, cancer stem like phenotypes and dissemination. The aim of this study was to identify key factors contributing to anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer using a functional genomics screen. A library of 81 000 shRNAs targeting 15 000 genes was transduced into OVCA420 cells, followed by incubation in soft agar and colony selection. We found shRNAs directed to ABHD2, ELAC2 and CYB5R3 caused reproducible anoikis resistance. These three genes are deleted in many serous ovarian cancers according to The Cancer Genome Atlas data. Suppression of ABHD2 in OVCA420 cells increased phosphorylated p38 and ERK, platinum resistance, and side population cells (p<0.01, respectively). Conversely, overexpression of ABHD2 decreased resistance to anoikis (p<0.05) and the amount of phosphorylated p38 and ERK in OVCA420 and SKOV3 cells. In clinical serous ovarian cancer specimens, low expression of ABHD2 was associated with platinum resistance and poor prognosis (p<0.05, respectively). In conclusion, we found three novel genes relevant to anoikis resistance in ovarian cancer using a functional genomics screen. Suppression of ABHD2 may promote a malignant phenotype and poor prognosis for women with serous ovarian cancer.
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20
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Li H, Huang K, Gao L, Wang L, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang G, Wang J. TES inhibits colorectal cancer progression through activation of p38. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45819-45836. [PMID: 27323777 PMCID: PMC5216763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human TESTIN (TES) gene has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor based on its location at a common fragile site – a region where loss of heterozygosity has been detected in numerous types of tumors. To investigate its role in colorectal cancer (CRC), we examined TES protein levels in CRC tissue samples and cell lines. We observed that TES was markedly reduced in both CRC tissue and cell lines. Additionally, overexpression of TES significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while increasing cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells. By contrast, shRNA-mediated TES knockdown elicited the opposite effects. TES inhibited the progression of CRC by up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins, down-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, and simultaneously activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, these data indicate that TES functions as a necessary suppressor of CRC progression by activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. This suggests that TES may have a potential application in CRC diagnosis and targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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21
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Li G, Zhao Z, Wu B, Su Q, Wu L, Yang X, Chen J. Ulva pertusa lectin 1 delivery through adenovirus vector affects multiple signaling pathways in cancer cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:489-498. [PMID: 28349379 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulva pertusa lectin 1 (UPL1) is a N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) binding lectin in marine green alga Ulva pertusa. Exogenous UPL1 colocalized with protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), β-actin and β-tubulin, indicating the interaction of UPL1 with the methylosome and cytoskeleton. UPL1 delivery through adenovirus vector (Ad-UPL1) dramatically induced extracellularly regulated protein kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in liver cancer cell lines BEL-7404 and Huh7. Signaling pathways including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt were also affected by Ad-UPL1 in a cell type dependent manner. MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126, as well as to a lesser extent p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, completely eliminated a higher molecular weight isoform of β-tubulin induced by Ad-UPL1, and significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of Ad-UPL1 in Huh7 cells, suggesting that the inhibition of MEK1/2, p38 MAPK, and PI3K enhanced antiproliferative effect of Ad-UPL1 possibly through regulating the modification of β-tubulin. Ad-UPL1 completely inhibited the expression of autophagy-related factor Beclin1, but induced LC3-II expression in Huh7 cells. In addition, Ad-UPL1 significantly enhanced starvation induced survival suppression in Huh7 cells. Our data elucidated intracellular signaling pathways affected by exogenous UPL1, and may provide insights into a novel way of UPL1 delivery through adenovirus vectors combined with survival signaling inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qunshu Su
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Liang Z, Wu R, Xie W, Xie C, Wu J, Geng S, Li X, Zhu M, Zhu W, Zhu J, Huang C, Ma X, Xu W, Zhong C, Han H. Effects of Curcumin on Tobacco Smoke-induced Hepatic MAPK Pathway Activation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In Vivo. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1230-1239. [PMID: 28585748 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a major risk factor for hepatic cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by tobacco smoke is crucially involved in the initiation and development of cancer. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play important roles in tobacco smoke-associated carcinogenesis including EMT process. The chemopreventive effect of curcumin supplementation against cancers has been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of tobacco smoke on MAPK pathway activation and EMT alterations, and then the preventive effect of curcumin was examined in the liver of BALB/c mice. Our results indicated that exposure of mice to tobacco smoke for 12 weeks led to activation of ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and ERK5 pathways as well as activator protein-1 (AP-1) proteins in liver tissue. Exposure of mice to tobacco smoke reduced the hepatic mRNA and protein expression of the epithelial markers, while the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of the mesenchymal markers were increased. Treatment of curcumin effectively attenuated tobacco smoke-induced activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways, AP-1 proteins and EMT alterations in the mice liver. Our data suggested the protective effect of curcumin in tobacco smoke-triggered MAPK pathway activation and EMT in the liver of BALB/c mice, thus providing new insights into the chemoprevention of tobacco smoke-associated hepatic cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Chongchuanqu Market Supervision Administration, Nantong, 226006, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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23
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Kim KY, Park KI, Kim SH, Yu SN, Park SG, Kim YW, Seo YK, Ma JY, Ahn SC. Inhibition of Autophagy Promotes Salinomycin-Induced Apoptosis via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/p38 MAPK-Dependent Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051088. [PMID: 28524116 PMCID: PMC5454997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis has become an important factor in chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Inhibition of autophagy may be an effective strategy to improve the treatment of chemo-resistant cancer by consistent exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. However, no reports have clearly elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we assessed whether salinomycin, a promising anticancer drug, induces apoptosis and elucidated potential antitumor mechanisms in chemo-resistant prostate cancer cells. Cell viability assay, Western blot, annexin V/propidium iodide assay, acridine orange (AO) staining, caspase-3 activity assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential were assayed. Our data showed that salinomycin alters the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to autophagy. Pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced the salinomycin-induced apoptosis. Notably, salinomycin decreased phosphorylated of AKT and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in prostate cancer cells. Pretreatment with LY294002, an autophagy and PI3K inhibitor, enhanced the salinomycin-induced apoptosis by decreasing the AKT and mTOR activities and suppressing autophagy. However, pretreatment with PD98059 and SB203580, an extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and p38 inhibitors, suppressed the salinomycin-induced autophagy by reversing the upregulation of ERK and p38. In addition, pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, inhibited salinomycin-induced autophagy by suppressing ROS production. Our results suggested that salinomycin induces apoptosis, which was related to ROS-mediated autophagy through regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Youn Kim
- Department of Herbal Formula, Medical Research Center (MRC-GHF), College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Kwang-Il Park
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sun-Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Sul-Gi Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Young Woo Kim
- Department of Herbal Formula, Medical Research Center (MRC-GHF), College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.
| | - Young-Kyo Seo
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Jin-Yeul Ma
- Korean Medicine (KM)-Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daegu 41062, Korea.
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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Fong Y, Wu CY, Chang KF, Chen BH, Chou WJ, Tseng CH, Chen YC, Wang HMD, Chen YL, Chiu CC. Dual roles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in quinoline compound BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration of human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28286419 PMCID: PMC5339964 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0403-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 2,9-Bis[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy]-6-{4-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethoxy] phenyl}-11H-indeno[1,2-c]quinoline-11-one (BPIQ), is a synthetic quinoline analog. A previous study showed the anti-cancer potential of BPIQ through modulating mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. However, the effect of BPIQ on cell migration, an index of cancer metastasis, has not yet been examined. Furthermore, among signal pathways involved in stresses, the members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family are crucial for regulating the survival and migration of cells. In this study, the aim was to explore further the role of MAPK members, including JNK, p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Methods Western Blot assay was performed for detecting the activation of MAPK members in NSCLC H1299 cells following BPIQ administration. Cellular proliferation was determined using a trypan blue exclusion assay. Cellular apoptosis was detected using flow cytometer-based Annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining. Cellular migration was determined using wound-healing assay and Boyden’s chamber assay. Zymography assay was performed for examining MMP-2 and -9 activities. The assessment of MAPK inhibition was performed for further validating the role of JNK, p38, and ERK in BPIQ-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis, and migration of NSCLC cells. Results Western Blot assay showed that BPIQ treatment upregulates the phosphorylated levels of both MAPK proteins JNK and ERK. However, only ERK inhibitor rescues BPIQ-induced growth inhibition of NSCLC H1299 cells. The results of Annexin V assay further confirmed the pro-apoptotic role of ERK in BPIQ-induced cell death of H1299 cells. The results of wound healing and Boyden chamber assays showed that sub-IC50 (sub-lethal) concentrations of BPIQ cause a significant inhibition of migration in H1299 cells accompanied with downregulating the activity of MMP-2 and -9, the motility index of cancer cells. Inhibition of ERK significantly enhances BPIQ-induced anti-migration of H1299 cells. Conclusions Our results suggest ERK may play dual roles in BPIQ-induced apoptosis and anti-migration, and it would be worthwhile further developing strategies for treating chemoresistant lung cancers through modulating ERK activity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-017-0403-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hung Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,The Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Tseng
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Translational Research Center, Cancer Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
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25
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Ige PP, Badgujar RR, Nerkar PP, Mahajan HS, Sonawane RO, Surana SJ. Study of physicochemical properties of flutamide-loaded Ocimum basilicum microspheres with ex vivo mucoadhesion and in vitro drug release. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2016.1278293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradum Pundlikrao Ige
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Ravindra Badgujar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pankaj Padmakar Nerkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hitendra Shaligram Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raju Onkar Sonawane
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Javarilal Surana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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26
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Ai XL, Chi Q, Qiu Y, Li HY, Li DJ, Wang JX, Wang ZY. Gap junction protein connexin43 deregulation contributes to bladder carcinogenesis via targeting MAPK pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 428:109-118. [PMID: 28074341 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High expression of connexins was found in a variety of cancers, but their role is still controversial. We investigated whether connexin43 (Cx43) contributed to bladder carcinogenesis through MAPK activation. In this study, we found that Cx43 expression was significantly increased in bladder cancer tissues and cell line. Overexpression of Cx43 in bladder cancer 5637 cells increased cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and inhibited apoptosis. Western blot showed that JNK and ERK pathways were dramatically activated in Cx43-overexpressed cells. Conversely, knockdown of Cx43 inhibited cell proliferation by increasing apoptosis and causing cell cycle arrest, concomitant with inhibition of JNK and ERK signaling. In addition, JNK and ERK pathways were also activated in bladder cancer tissues. In conclusion, abnormal high expression and cytoplasmic localization of Cx43 contributed to bladder cancer. Inhibition of Cx43 activity could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing the progression of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Ai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Qiang Chi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Hong-Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jia-Xu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China.
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27
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Wadhwa B, Dumbre R. Achieving resistance specificity in prostate cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:243-247. [PMID: 27720870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate (CaP) cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in Western societies. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical survival pathway for prostate cancer cells, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the principal treatment for patients with locally advanced and metastatic disease. Although a majority of patients initially respond to ADT, most will eventually develop castrate resistance. The recent discovery that AR signaling persists during systemic castration via intratumoral production of androgens led to the development of novel anti-androgen therapies. Although these therapies effectively palliate symptoms and prolong life, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer remains incurable. Recent studies suggest that epithelial plasticity, which covers a range of changes in differentiation and cell behavior, with full epithelial integrity at one end and epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as the full realization of a plasticity is regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). MicroRNAs are involved in human tumourigenesis and are aberrantly expressed in CaP cell lines, xenografts and clinical tissues and is associated with enhanced survival signaling, proliferation, migration, invasion, integrin-mediated adhesion, EMT, and drug resistance. Due to the oncogenic or tumor suppressive properties of CaP-related miRNAs, they are likely to be of clinical use as therapeutic targets for prostate cancer treatment in the near future. This review summarizes our current understanding of CaP and castration-recurrent CaP (CR-CaP) to earlier studies that characterized ADT and the molecular mechanisms that facilitate the transition from androgen-stimulated CaP to CR-CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Wadhwa
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India; Cancer Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Rashmi Dumbre
- Centre for Biotechnology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, India
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28
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Terranova-Barberio M, Roca MS, Zotti AI, Leone A, Bruzzese F, Vitagliano C, Scogliamiglio G, Russo D, D'Angelo G, Franco R, Budillon A, Di Gennaro E. Valproic acid potentiates the anticancer activity of capecitabine in vitro and in vivo in breast cancer models via induction of thymidine phosphorylase expression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7715-31. [PMID: 26735339 PMCID: PMC4884949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with metastatic breast cancer remains poor, and thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Capecitabine, which is commonly used for metastatic breast cancer in different settings, is an inactive prodrug that takes advantage of elevated levels of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), a key enzyme that is required for its conversion to 5-fluororacil, in tumors. We demonstrated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), including low anticonvulsant dosage of VPA, induced the dose- and time-dependent up-regulation of TP transcript and protein expression in breast cancer cells, but not in the non-tumorigenic breast MCF-10A cell line. Through the use of siRNA or isoform-specific HDACi, we demonstrated that HDAC3 is the main isoform whose inhibition is involved in the modulation of TP. The combined treatment with capecitabine and HDACi, including valproic acid (VPA), resulted in synergistic/additive antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in breast cancer cells but not in TP-knockout cells, both in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the crucial role of TP in the synergism observed. Overall, this study suggests that the combination of HDACi (e.g., VPA) and capecitabine is an innovative antitumor strategy that warrants further clinical evaluation for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilaria Zotti
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Leone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Vitagliano
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Giosuè Scogliamiglio
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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29
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Ling G, Ji Q, Ye W, Ma D, Wang Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulated by p38/MAPK signaling pathways participates in vasculogenic mimicry formation in SHG44 cells transfected with TGF-β cDNA loaded lentivirus in vitro and in vivo. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2387-2398. [PMID: 27748800 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tumor progression. We assessed whether the TGF-β-induced EMT contributed to vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in glioma, we established an SHG44 cell line stably transfected with TGF-β cDNA loaded lentivirus. SB203580 was employed to inhibit the TGF-β-induced EMT. The results showed that the VM forming ability of cells could be improved by TGF-β over-expression. The migration and invasion capabilities of cells were also enhanced due to EMT. SB203580 was able to weaken cell migration, invasion and VM forming abilities via blocking p38/MAPK signaling pathways, but it had tiny influence on MMP/LAMC2 chain. Consequently, we concluded that EMT inhibition via p38/MAPK signaling pathways would partly impair TGF-β-induced VM formation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengqiang Ling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Ji
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Dongying Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Yuena Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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30
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Zhang P, Chen L, Song Y, Li X, Sun Y, Xiao Y, Xing Y. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid and transthyretin silencing inhibit pro-metastatic effect of L-thyroxin in anoikis-resistant prostate cancer cells through regulation of MAPK/ERK pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:350-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Gong Y, Qiu W, Ning X, Yang X, Liu L, Wang Z, Lin J, Li X, Guo Y. CCDC34 is up-regulated in bladder cancer and regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25856-67. [PMID: 26312564 PMCID: PMC4694871 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The coiled coil is a superhelical structural protein motif involved in a diverse array of biological functions, and the abnormal expression of the coiled-coil domain containing proteins has a direct link with the phenotype of tumor cell migration, invasion and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the critical role of Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 34 (CCDC34) in bladder carcinogenesis, which has never been reported to date. Here, we found CCDC34 expression was elevated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines. The knockdown of CCDC34 via lentivirus-mediated siRNA significantly suppressed bladder cancer cells proliferation and migration, and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and increased apoptosis in vitro. In addition, CCDC34 knockdown suppressed bladder tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, CCDC34 silencing decreased the phosphorylation of MEK, ERK1/2, JNK, p38 and Akt, and the expressions of c-Raf and c-Jun, indicating MAPK and AKT pathways (ERK/MAPK, p38/MAPK, JNK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt) might be involved in CCDC34 regulation of bladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. Our findings revealed for the first time a potential oncogenic role for CCDC34 in bladder carcinoma pathogenesis and it may serve as a biomarker or even a therapeutic target for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xianghui Ning
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Libo Liu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing 100034, China
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Bizzarro V, Belvedere R, Milone MR, Pucci B, Lombardi R, Bruzzese F, Popolo A, Parente L, Budillon A, Petrella A. Annexin A1 is involved in the acquisition and maintenance of a stem cell-like/aggressive phenotype in prostate cancer cells with acquired resistance to zoledronic acid. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25076-92. [PMID: 26312765 PMCID: PMC4694816 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have characterized the role of annexin A1 (ANXA1) in the acquisition and maintenance of stem-like/aggressive features in prostate cancer (PCa) cells comparing zoledronic acid (ZA)-resistant DU145R80 with their parental DU145 cells. ANXA1 is over-expressed in DU145R80 cells and its down-regulation abolishes their resistance to ZA. Moreover, ANXA1 induces DU145 and DU145R80 invasiveness acting through formyl peptide receptors (FPRs). Also, ANXA1 knockdown is able to inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and to reduce focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and metalloproteases (MMP)-2/9 expression in PCa cells. DU145R80 show a cancer stem cell (CSC)-like signature with a high expression of CSC markers including CD44, CD133, NANOG, Snail, Oct4 and ALDH7A1 and CSC-related genes as STAT3. Interestingly, ANXA1 knockdown induces these cells to revert from a putative prostate CSC to a more differentiated phenotype resembling DU145 PCa cell signature. Similar results are obtained concerning some drug resistance-related genes such as ATP Binding Cassette G2 (ABCG2) and Lung Resistant Protein (LRP). Our study provides new insights on the role of ANXA1 protein in PCa onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Luca Parente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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Biotin-targeted Pluronic(®) P123/F127 mixed micelles delivering niclosamide: A repositioning strategy to treat drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:127-139. [PMID: 27374195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to develop alternative therapeutic tools for the treatment of resistant cancers, here we propose targeted Pluronic(®) P123/F127 mixed micelles (PMM) delivering niclosamide (NCL) as a repositioning strategy to treat multidrug resistant non-small lung cancer cell lines. To build multifunctional PMM for targeting and imaging, Pluronic(®) F127 was conjugated with biotin, while Pluronic(®) P123 was fluorescently tagged with rhodamine B, in both cases at one of the two hydroxyl end groups. This design intended to avoid any interference of rhodamine B on biotin exposition on PMM surface, which is a key fundamental for cell trafficking studies. Biotin-decorated PMM were internalized more efficiently than non-targeted PMM in A549 lung cancer cells, while very low internalization was found in NHI3T3 normal fibroblasts. Biotin-decorated PMM entrapped NCL with good efficiency, displayed sustained drug release in protein-rich media and improved cytotoxicity in A549 cells as compared to free NCL (P<0.01). To go in depth into the actual therapeutic potential of NCL-loaded PMM, a cisplatin-resistant A549 lung cancer cell line (CPr-A549) was developed and its multidrug resistance tested against common chemotherapeutics. Free NCL was able to overcome chemoresistance showing cytotoxic effects in this cell line ascribable to nucleolar stress, which was associated to a significant increase of the ribosomal protein rpL3 and consequent up-regulation of p21. It is noteworthy that biotin-decorated PMM carrying NCL at low doses demonstrated a significantly higher cytotoxicity than free NCL in CPr-A549. These results point at NCL-based regimen with targeted PMM as a possible second-line chemotherapy for lung cancer showing cisplatin or multidrug resistance.
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34
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Inhibition of FOXC2 restores epithelial phenotype and drug sensitivity in prostate cancer cells with stem-cell properties. Oncogene 2016; 35:5963-5976. [PMID: 26804168 PMCID: PMC5116559 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate adenocarcinomas enriched in stem-cell features, as well as variant androgen receptor (AR)-negative neuroendocrine (NE)/small-cell prostate cancers are difficult to treat, and account for up to 30% of prostate cancer-related deaths every year. While existing therapies for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), destroy the bulk of the AR-positive cells within the tumor, eradicating this population eventually leads to castration-resistance, owing to the continued survival of AR-/lo stem-like cells. In this study, we identified a critical nexus between p38MAPK signaling, and the transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein C2 (FOXC2) known to promote cancer stem-cells and metastasis. We demonstrate that prostate cancer cells that are insensitive to ADT, as well as high-grade/NE prostate tumors, are characterized by elevated FOXC2, and that targeting FOXC2 using a well-tolerated p38 inhibitor restores epithelial attributes and ADT-sensitivity, and reduces the shedding of circulating tumor cells in vivo with significant shrinkage in the tumor mass. This study thus specifies a tangible mechanism to target the AR-/lo population of prostate cancer cells with stem-cell properties.
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35
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Stathem M, Marimuthu S, O'Neal J, Rathmell JC, Chesney JA, Beverly LJ, Siskind LJ. Glucose availability and glycolytic metabolism dictate glycosphingolipid levels. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:67-80. [PMID: 25145677 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics has seen an emergence and re-emergence of two metabolic fields in recent years, those of bioactive sphingolipids and glycolytic metabolism. Anaerobic glycolysis and its implications in cancer have been at the forefront of cancer research for over 90 years. More recently, the role of sphingolipids in cancer cell metabolism has gained recognition, notably ceramide's essential role in programmed cell death and the role of the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) in chemotherapeutic resistance. Despite this knowledge, a direct link between these two fields has yet to be definitively drawn. Herein, we show that in a model of highly glycolytic cells, generation of the glycosphingolipid (GSL) glucosylceramide (GlcCer) by GCS was elevated in response to increased glucose availability, while glucose deprivation diminished GSL levels. This effect was likely substrate dependent, independent of both GCS levels and activity. Conversely, leukemia cells with elevated GSLs showed a significant change in GCS activity, but no change in glucose uptake or GCS expression. In a leukemia cell line with elevated GlcCer, treatment with inhibitors of glycolysis or the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) significantly decreased GlcCer levels. When combined with pre-clinical inhibitor ABT-263, this effect was augmented and production of pro-apoptotic sphingolipid ceramide increased. Taken together, we have shown that there exists a definitive link between glucose metabolism and GSL production, laying the groundwork for connecting two distinct yet essential metabolic fields in cancer research. Furthermore, we have proposed a novel combination therapeutic option targeting two metabolic vulnerabilities for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Stathem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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36
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Milone MR, Pucci B, Bifulco K, Iannelli F, Lombardi R, Ciardiello C, Bruzzese F, Carriero MV, Budillon A. Proteomic analysis of zoledronic-acid resistant prostate cancer cells unveils novel pathways characterizing an invasive phenotype. Oncotarget 2016; 6:5324-41. [PMID: 25481874 PMCID: PMC4467152 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomic analysis identified differentially expressed proteins between zoledronic acid-resistant and aggressive DU145R80 prostate cancer (PCa) cells and their parental DU145 cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed a strong relationship between the identified proteins within a network associated with cancer and with homogeneous cellular functions prevalently related with regulation of cell organization, movement and consistent with the smaller and reduced cell-cell contact morphology of DU145R80 cells. The identified proteins correlated in publically available human PCa genomic data with increased tumor expression and aggressiveness. DU145R80 exhibit also a clear increase of alpha-v-(αv) integrin, and of urokinase receptor (uPAR), both included within the same network of the identified proteins. Interestingly, the actin-rich structures localized at the cell periphery of DU145R80 cells are rich of Filamin A, one of the identified proteins and uPAR which, in turn, co-localizes with αv-integrin, in podosomes and/or invadopodia. Notably, the invasive feature of DU145R80 may be prevented by blocking anti-αv antibody. Overall, we unveil a signaling network that physically links the interior of the nucleus via the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and that could dictate PCa aggressiveness suggesting novel potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Katia Bifulco
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ciardiello
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Carriero
- Neoplastic Progression Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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37
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Design, optimization and in-vitro study of folic acid conjugated-chitosan functionalized PLGA nanoparticle for delivery of bicalutamide in prostate cancer. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Liang Z, Wu R, Xie W, Geng H, Zhao L, Xie C, Wu J, Geng S, Li X, Zhu M, Zhu W, Zhu J, Huang C, Ma X, Zhong C, Han H. Curcumin Suppresses MAPK Pathways to Reverse Tobacco Smoke-induced Gastric Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Mice. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1665-71. [PMID: 26074474 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) has been shown to cause gastric cancer. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial pathophysiological process in cancer development. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play central roles in tumorigenesis including EMT process. Curcumin is a promising chemopreventive agent for several types of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TS on MAPK pathway activation and EMT alterations in the stomach of mice, and the preventive effect of curcumin was further examined. Results showed that exposure of mice to TS for 12 weeks resulted in activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5 MAPK pathways as well as activator protein 1 (AP-1) proteins in stomach. TS reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of the mesenchymal markers vimentin and N-cadherin were increased. Treatment of curcumin effectively abrogated TS-triggered gastric activation of ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways, AP-1 proteins, and EMT alterations. These results suggest for the first time the protective effects of curcumin in long-term TS exposure-induced gastric MAPK activation and EMT, thus providing new insights into the pathogenesis and chemoprevention of TS-associated gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hao Geng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Reel B, Korkmaz CG, Arun MZ, Yildirim G, Ogut D, Kaymak A, Micili SC, Ergur BU. The Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and the Role of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1/2 Signalling in Zoledronate-treated PC3 Cells. J Cancer 2015; 6:1020-9. [PMID: 26366216 PMCID: PMC4565852 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDR1/DDR2) are tyrosine kinase receptors which are activated by collagen. DDR signalling regulates cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. MMPs degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) and play essential role in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) which strongly inhibit osteoclastic activity are commonly used for osteoporosis treatment. They also have MMP inhibitory effect. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of zoledronate in PC3 cells and the possible role of DDR signalling and downstream pathways in these inhibitory effects. We studied messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of MMP-2,-9,-8, DDR1/DDR2 type I procollagen (TIP) and mRNA levels of PCA-1, MMP-13 and DDR-initiated signalling pathway players including K-Ras oncogene, ERK1, JNK1, p38, AKT-1 and BCLX in PC3 cells in the presence or absence of zoledronate (10-100 μM) for 2-3 days. Zoledronate (100 μM) down-regulated DDR1/ DDR2, TIP mRNAs but did not change MMP-13 (collagenase-3) mRNA. However, zoledronate up-regulated MMP-8 (collagenase-2) mRNA. Zoledronate also inhibited mRNA expressions of K-Ras, ERK1, AKT-1, BCLX and PCA-1; but did not change JNK1, p38 mRNA levels. Zoledronate (100 μM) supressed DDR1/DDR2, TIP expressions; and gelatinase (MMP-2/MMP-9) expressions/activities. Conversely, zoledronate up-regulated MMP-8 expression in PC3 cells. Zoledronate down-regulates MMP-2/-9 expressions in PC3 prostate cancer cells. DDR1/DDR2 signalling and DDR-initiated downstream Ras/Raf/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways may at least partially responsible for MMP inhibitory effect of zoledronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Reel
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gonen Korkmaz
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zuhuri Arun
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gokce Yildirim
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ogut
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Kaymak
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- 2. Department of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- 2. Department of Histology and Embriology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey
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40
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Lamoureux F, Baud'huin M, Ory B, Guiho R, Zoubeidi A, Gleave M, Heymann D, Rédini F. Clusterin inhibition using OGX-011 synergistically enhances zoledronic acid activity in osteosarcoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7805-19. [PMID: 25138053 PMCID: PMC4202162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite recent improvements in therapeutic management of osteosarcoma, ongoing challenges in improving the response to chemotherapy warrants new strategies still needed to improve overall patient survival. Among new therapeutic approaches, zoledronic acid (ZOL) represents a promising adjuvant molecule to chemotherapy to limit the osteolytic component of bone tumors. However, ZOL triggers the elevation of heat shock proteins (Hsp), including Hsp27 and clusterin (CLU), which could enhance tumor cell survival and treatment resistance. We hypothesized that targeting CLU using siRNA or the antisense drug, OGX-011, will suppress treatment-induced CLU induction and enhance ZOL-induced cell death in osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Methods The combined effects of OGX-011 and ZOL were investigated in vitro on cell growth, viability, apoptosis and cell cycle repartition of ZOL-sensitive or -resistant human OS cell lines (SaOS2, U2OS, MG63 and MNNG/HOS). Results In OS cell lines, ZOL increased levels of HSPs, especially CLU, in a dose- and time-dependent manner by mechanism including increased HSF1 transcription activity. The OS resistant cells to ZOL exhibited higher CLU expression level than the sensitive cells. Moreover, CLU overexpression protects OS sensitive cells to ZOL-induced cell death by modulating the MDR1 and farnesyl diphosphate synthase expression. OGX-011 suppressed treatment-induced increases in CLU and synergistically enhanced the activity of ZOL on cell growth and apoptosis. These biologic events were accompanied by decreased expression of HSPs, MDR1 and HSF1 transcriptional activity. In vivo, OGX-011, administered 3 times a week (IP, 20mg/kg), potentiated the effect of ZOL (s.c; 50μg/kg), significantly inhibiting tumor growth by 50% and prolonging survival in MNNG/HOS xenograft model compared to ZOL alone. Conclusion These results indicate that ZOL-mediated induction of CLU can be attenuated by OGX-011, with synergistic effects on delaying progression of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Lamoureux
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. CHU de Nantes, Nantes F-44035, France. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
| | - Benjamin Ory
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
| | - Romain Guiho
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités,Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. CHU de Nantes, Nantes F-44035, France. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
| | - Françoise Rédini
- Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Nantes F-44035, France. INSERM, UMR 957, Nantes F-44035, France. LUNAM Université. Equipe labellisée LIGUE 2012, Nantes, cedex
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Pollock CB, McDonough S, Wang VS, Lee H, Ringer L, Li X, Prandi C, Lee RJ, Feldman AS, Koltai H, Kapulnik Y, Rodriguez OC, Schlegel R, Albanese C, Yarden RI. Strigolactone analogues induce apoptosis through activation of p38 and the stress response pathway in cancer cell lines and in conditionally reprogrammed primary prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1683-98. [PMID: 24742967 PMCID: PMC4039240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Strigolactones are a novel class of plant hormones produced in roots and regulate shoot and root development. We have previously shown that synthetic strigolactone analogues potently inhibit growth of breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem cells. Here we show that strigolactone analogues inhibit the growth and survival of an array of cancer-derived cell lines representing solid and non-solid cancer cells including: prostate, colon, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma and leukemic cell lines, while normal cells were minimally affected. Treatment of cancer cells with strigolactone analogues was hallmarked by activation of the stress-related MAPKs: p38 and JNK and induction of stress-related genes; cell cycle arrest and apoptosis evident by increased percentages of cells in the sub-G1 fraction and Annexin V staining. In addition, we tested the response of patient-matched conditionally reprogrammed primary prostate normal and cancer cells. The tumor cells exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to the two most potent SL analogues with increased apoptosis confirmed by PARP1 cleavage compared to their normal counterpart cells. Thus, Strigolactone analogues are promising candidates for anticancer therapy by their ability to specifically induce cell cycle arrest, cellular stress and apoptosis in tumor cells with minimal effects on growth and survival of normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire B Pollock
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW Washington DC
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Lei YY, Wang WJ, Mei JH, Wang CL. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction in Solid Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:8539-48. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole abrogates adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell invasiveness via suppression of Akt/GSK-β/β-catenin signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:704-12. [PMID: 25449432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) on cancer risk has received much attention recently. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying multidrug resistance and the effect of a PPI pantoprazole using an adriamycin-resistant gastric cancer cell model (SGC7901/ADR). Compared with the parental cell line, SGC7901/ADR cells showed reduced proliferation rate, but higher resistance to adriamycin under both anchorage-dependent and -independent conditions. Notably, SGC7901/ADR cells underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and showed increased migrating and invading capabilities. At molecular level, SGC7901/ADR cells showed strong activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway compared with parental sensitive cells. Interestingly, we found that a PPI pantoprazole can effectively reverse the aggressiveness and EMT marker expression of SGC7901/ADR cells. Furthermore, pantoprazole treatment resulted in a profound reduction of both total and phosphorylated forms of Akt and GSK-3β, which in turn suppressed the adriamycin-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling in SGC7901/ADR cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that the aggressive phenotype of adriamycin-resistant SGC7901/ADR cells is mediated by induction of EMT and activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. And for the first time, we show that it is possible to suppress the invasiveness of SGC7901/ADR cells by pantoprazole which targets the EMT and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling.
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Gravina GL, Tortoreto M, Mancini A, Addis A, Di Cesare E, Lenzi A, Landesman Y, McCauley D, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Zaffaroni N, Festuccia C. XPO1/CRM1-selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE) reduce tumor spreading and improve overall survival in preclinical models of prostate cancer (PCa). J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:46. [PMID: 25284315 PMCID: PMC4283114 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exportin 1 (XPO1), also called chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), is the sole exportin mediating transport of many multiple tumor suppressor proteins out of the nucleus. AIM AND METHODS To verify the hypothesis that XPO1 inhibition affects prostate cancer (PCa) metastatic potential, orally available, potent and selective, SINE compounds, Selinexor (KPT- 330) and KPT-251, were tested in preclinical models known to generate bone lesions and systemic tumor spread. RESULTS In vitro, Selinexor reduced both secretion of proteases and ability to migrate and invade of PCa cells. SINEs impaired secretion of pro-angiogenic and pro-osteolytic cytokines and reduced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. In the intra-prostatic growth model, Selinexor reduced DU145 tumor growth by 41% and 61% at the doses of 4 mg/Kg qd/5 days and 10 mg/Kg q2dx3 weeks, respectively, as well as the incidence of macroscopic visceral metastases. In a systemic metastasis model, following intracardiac injection of PCb2 cells, 80% (8/10) of controls, 10% (1/10) Selinexor- and 20% (2/10) KPT-251-treated animals developed radiographic evidence of lytic bone lesions. Similarly, after intra-tibial injection, the lytic areas were higher in controls than in Selinexor and KPT-251 groups. Analogously, the serum levels of osteoclast markers (mTRAP and type I collagen fragment, CTX), were significantly higher in controls than in Selinexor- and KPT-251-treated animals. Importantly, overall survival and disease-free survival were significantly higher in Selinexor- and KPT-251-treated animals when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Selective blockade of XPO1-dependent nuclear export represents a completely novel approach for the treatment of advanced and metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Gravina
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, Pathophysiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Addis
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- />Department of Experimental Medicine, Pathophysiology Section, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- />Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- />Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Tai TW, Su FC, Chen CY, Jou IM, Lin CF. Activation of p38 MAPK-regulated Bcl-xL signaling increases survival against zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis in osteoclast precursors. Bone 2014; 67:166-74. [PMID: 25016096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) induces apoptosis in osteoclasts and inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. It is widely used to treat osteoporosis. However, some patients are less responsive to ZA treatment, and the mechanisms of resistance are still unclear. Here, we identified that murine osteoclast precursors may develop resistance to ZA-induced apoptosis. These resistant cells survived the apoptotic effect of ZA following an increase in anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Pharmacologically inhibiting Bcl-xL facilitated ZA-induced apoptosis. Treatment with ZA activated p38 MAPK, increasing Bcl-xL expression and cell survival. Nuclear import of β-catenin regulated by p38 MAPK determined Bcl-xL mRNA expression and cell survival in response to ZA. ZA also inactivated glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a negative upstream regulator of β-catenin, in a p38 MAPK-mediated manner. Synergistic pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK with ZA attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and facilitated ZA-induced apoptosis. These results demonstrate that elevated Bcl-xL expression mediated by p38 MAPK-regulated GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling is required for cell survival of ZA-induced apoptosis in both osteoclast precursors and osteoclasts. Finally, we demonstrated that inhibiting p38 MAPK-mediated pathway enhanced ZA effect on increasing the bone mineral density of ovariectomized mice. This result suggests that targeting these pathways may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Tai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedics, Hsinhua Branch, Tainan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopaedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Mei M, Xie D, Zhang Y, Jin J, You F, Li Y, Dai J, Chen X. A new 2α,5α,10β,14β-tetraacetoxy-4(20),11-taxadiene (SIA) derivative overcomes paclitaxel resistance by inhibiting MAPK signaling and increasing paclitaxel accumulation in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104317. [PMID: 25093335 PMCID: PMC4122450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor resistance due to multiple mechanisms seriously hinders the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs such as paclitaxel. The most widely studied P-glycoprotein inhibitors still have limited ability to reverse resistance in the clinic. In this study, NPB304, a novel Sinenxan A (SIA) derivative, was found to significantly sensitize resistant breast cancer cells to paclitaxel in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with NPB304 increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner through PARP cleavage. Importantly, NPB304 enhanced the antitumor effect of paclitaxel in resistant breast tumor xenografts in nude mice without significantly affecting weight loss. NPB304 regulated cell resistance through inhibition of MAPK pathway components, including p-ERK and p-p38. Moreover, NPB304 increased paclitaxel accumulation by affecting P-gp function. In addition to increasing Rhodamine 123 accumulation, NPB304 promoted bidirectional permeability but decreased the efflux ratio of paclitaxel in a Caco-2 monolayer model, thereby increasing the intracellular concentration of paclitaxel. Similarly, NPB304 increased the concentration of paclitaxel in the resistant tumor tissue. Hence, NPB304 is a novel compound that promotes the sensitization of resistant cells to paclitaxel through multiple mechanisms and has the potential for use in combination therapies to treat resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Feng You
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Jungui Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing City, China
- * E-mail:
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Bruzzese F, Hägglöf C, Leone A, Sjöberg E, Roca MS, Kiflemariam S, Sjöblom T, Hammarsten P, Egevad L, Bergh A, Ostman A, Budillon A, Augsten M. Local and systemic protumorigenic effects of cancer-associated fibroblast-derived GDF15. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3408-17. [PMID: 24780757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumor stroma is vital to tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are among the abundant cell types in the tumor stroma, but the range of their contributions to cancer pathogenicity has yet to be fully understood. Here, we report a critical role for upregulation of the TGFβ/BMP family member GDF15 (MIC-1) in tumor stroma. GDF15 was found upregulated in situ and in primary cultures of CAF from prostate cancer. Ectopic expression of GDF15 in fibroblasts produced prominent paracrine effects on prostate cancer cell migration, invasion, and tumor growth. Notably, GDF15-expressing fibroblasts exerted systemic in vivo effects on the outgrowth of distant and otherwise indolent prostate cancer cells. Our findings identify tumor stromal cells as a novel source of GDF15 in human prostate cancer and illustrate a systemic mechanism of cancer progression driven by the tumor microenvironment. Further, they provide a functional basis to understand GDF15 as a biomarker of poor prognosis and a candidate therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bruzzese
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Leone
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Elin Sjöberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Serena Roca
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Kiflemariam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala; and
| | - Peter Hammarsten
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Lars Egevad
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Bergh
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå
| | - Arne Ostman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Authors' Affiliations: Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione Giovanni Pascale"-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Augsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen Y, Xin X, Li J, Xu J, Yu X, Li T, Mo Z, Hu Y. RTK/ERK pathway under natural selection associated with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78254. [PMID: 24223781 PMCID: PMC3817240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a global disease causing large numbers of deaths every year. Recent studies have indicated the RTK/ERK pathway might be a key pathway in the development of PCa. However, the exact association and evolution-based mechanism remain unclear. This study was conducted by combining genotypic and phenotypic data from the Chinese Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ChinaPCa) with related databases such as the HapMap Project and Genevar. In this analysis, expression of quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) analysis, natural selection and gene-based pathway analysis were involved. The pathway analysis confirmed the positive relationship between PCa risk and several key genes. In addition, combined with the natural selection, it seems that 4 genes (EGFR, ERBB2, PTK2, and RAF1) with five SNPs (rs11238349, rs17172438, rs984654, rs11773818, and rs17172432) especially rs17172432, might be pivotal factors in the development of PCa. The results indicate that the RTK/ERK pathway under natural selection is a key link in PCa risk. The joint effect of the genes and loci with positive selection might be one reason for the development of PCa. Dealing with all the factors simultaneously might give insight into prevention and aid in predicting the success of potential therapies for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianxiang Xin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Research Center for Guangxi Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Fudan Institute of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan Center for Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxiang Yu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, the 303rd Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Medical Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Bruzzese F, Pucci B, Milone MR, Ciardiello C, Franco R, Chianese MI, Rocco M, Di Gennaro E, Leone A, Luciano A, Arra C, Santini D, Caraglia M, Budillon A. Panobinostat synergizes with zoledronic acid in prostate cancer and multiple myeloma models by increasing ROS and modulating mevalonate and p38-MAPK pathways. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e878. [PMID: 24157872 PMCID: PMC3920938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and multiple myeloma (MM) have limited long-term responses to available therapies. The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat has shown significant preclinical and clinical anticancer activity in both hematological and solid malignancies and is currently in phase III trials for relapsed MM. Bisphosphonates (BPs), such as zoledronic acid (ZOL), inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and are indicated for the treatment of bone metastasis. BPs, including ZOL, have also shown anticancer activity in several preclinical and clinical studies. In the present report, we found a potent synergistic antiproliferative effect of panobinostat/ZOL treatment in three PCa and three MM cell lines as well as in a PCa ZOL-resistant subline, independently of p53/KRAS status, androgen dependency, or the schedule of administration. The synergistic effect was also observed in an anchorage-independent agar assay in both ZOL-sensitive and ZOL-resistant cells and was confirmed in vivo in a PCa xenograft model. The co-administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked the increased reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis observed in the combination setting compared with control or single-agent treatments, suggesting that oxidative injury plays a functional role in the synergism. Proapoptotic synergy was also partially antagonized by the addition of geranyl-geraniol, which bypasses the inhibition of farnesylpyrophosphate synthase by ZOL in the mevalonate pathway, supporting the involvement of this pathway in the synergy. Finally, at the molecular level, the inhibition of basal and ZOL-induced activation of p38-MAPK by panobinostat in sensitive and ZOL-resistant cells and in tumor xenografts could explain, at least in part, the observed synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale'-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
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