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Damizia M, Altieri L, Costanzo V, Lavia P. Distinct Mitotic Functions of Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NuSAP1) Are Controlled by Two Consensus SUMOylation Sites. Cells 2023; 12:2545. [PMID: 37947624 PMCID: PMC10650578 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar and Spindle-Associated Protein 1 (NuSAP1) is an important mitotic regulator, implicated in control of mitotic microtubule stability and chromosome segregation. NuSAP1 regulates these processes by interacting with several protein partners. Its abundance, activity and interactions are therefore tightly regulated during mitosis. Protein conjugation with SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier peptide) is a reversible post-translational modification that modulates rapid changes in the structure, interaction(s) and localization of proteins. NuSAP1 was previously found to interact with RANBP2, a nucleoporin with SUMO ligase and SUMO-stabilizing activity, but how this interaction affects NuSAP1 activity has remained elusive. Here, we show that NuSAP1 interacts with RANBP2 and forms proximity ligation products with SUMO2/3 peptides in a RANBP2-dependent manner at key mitotic sites. A bioinformatic search identified two putative SUMO consensus sites in NuSAP1, within the DNA-binding and the microtubule-binding domains, respectively. Site-specific mutagenesis, and mitotic phenotyping in cell lines expressing each NuSAP1 mutant version, revealed selective roles of each individual site in control of NuSAP1 localization and in generation of specific mitotic defects and distinct fates in daughter cells. These results identify therefore two new regulatory sites for NuSAP1 functions and implicate RANBP2 in control of NuSAP1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Damizia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (L.A.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrated Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Ludovica Altieri
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (L.A.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Costanzo
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (L.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.D.); (L.A.); (V.C.)
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2
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Wang Y, Risteski P, Yang Y, Chen H, Droby G, Walens A, Jayaprakash D, Troester M, Herring L, Chernoff J, Tolić I, Bowser J, Vaziri C. The TRIM69-MST2 signaling axis regulates centrosome dynamics and chromosome segregation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10568-10589. [PMID: 37739411 PMCID: PMC10602929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringent control of centrosome duplication and separation is important for preventing chromosome instability. Structural and numerical alterations in centrosomes are hallmarks of neoplastic cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. We show that a Centrosome Amplification 20 (CA20) gene signature is associated with high expression of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family member E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM69. TRIM69-ablation in cancer cells leads to centrosome scattering and chromosome segregation defects. We identify Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (MST2) as a new direct binding partner of TRIM69. TRIM69 redistributes MST2 to the perinuclear cytoskeleton, promotes its association with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and stimulates MST2 phosphorylation at S15 (a known PLK1 phosphorylation site that is critical for centrosome disjunction). TRIM69 also promotes microtubule bundling and centrosome segregation that requires PRC1 and DYNEIN. Taken together, we identify TRIM69 as a new proximal regulator of distinct signaling pathways that regulate centrosome dynamics and promote bipolar mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gaith Droby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepika Jayaprakash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adam’s School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jessica Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Yildirim K, van Nierop Y Sanchez P, Lohmann I. Analysis of Bub3 and Nup75 in the Drosophila male germline lineage. Cells Dev 2023; 175:203863. [PMID: 37286104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2023.203863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Extensive communication at the stem cell-niche interface and asymmetric stem cell division is key for the homeostasis of the Drosophila male germline stem cell system. To improve our understanding of these processes, we analysed the function of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) component Bub3 and the nucleoporin Nup75, a component of the nuclear pore complex realizing the transport of signalling effector molecules to the nucleus, in the Drosophila testis. By lineage-specific interference, we found that the two genes control germline development and maintenance. Bub3 is continuously required in the germline, as its loss results in the beginning in an over-proliferation of early germ cells and later on in loss of the germline. The absence of the germline lineage in such testes has dramatic cell non-autonomous consequences, as cells co-expressing markers of hub and somatic cyst cell fates accumulate and populate in extreme cases the whole testis. Our analysis of Nups showed that some of them are critical for lineage maintenance, as their depletion results in the loss of the affected lineage. In contrast, Nup75 plays a role in controlling proliferation of early germ cells but not differentiating spermatogonia and seems to be involved in keeping hub cells quiescent. In sum, our analysis shows that Bub3 and Nup75 are required for male germline development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Yildirim
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Developmental Biology and Cell Networks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick van Nierop Y Sanchez
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Developmental Biology and Cell Networks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Lohmann
- Heidelberg University, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Department of Developmental Biology and Cell Networks - Cluster of Excellence, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Di Cesare E, Moroni S, Bartoli J, Damizia M, Giubettini M, Koerner C, Krenn V, Musacchio A, Lavia P. Aurora B SUMOylation Is Restricted to Centromeres in Early Mitosis and Requires RANBP2. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030372. [PMID: 36766713 PMCID: PMC9913629 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugation with the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modulates protein interactions and localisation. The kinase Aurora B, a key regulator of mitosis, was previously identified as a SUMOylation target in vitro and in assays with overexpressed components. However, where and when this modification genuinely occurs in human cells was not ascertained. Here, we have developed intramolecular Proximity Ligation Assays (PLA) to visualise SUMO-conjugated Aurora B in human cells in situ. We visualised Aurora B-SUMO products at centromeres in prometaphase and metaphase, which declined from anaphase onwards and became virtually undetectable at cytokinesis. In the mitotic window in which Aurora B/SUMO products are abundant, Aurora B co-localised and interacted with NUP358/RANBP2, a nucleoporin with SUMO ligase and SUMO-stabilising activity. Indeed, in addition to the requirement for the previously identified PIAS3 SUMO ligase, we found that NUP358/RANBP2 is also implicated in Aurora B-SUMO PLA product formation and centromere localisation. In summary, SUMOylation marks a distinctive window of Aurora B functions at centromeres in prometaphase and metaphase while being dispensable for functions exerted in cytokinesis, and RANBP2 contributes to this control, adding a novel layer to modulation of Aurora B functions during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Di Cesare
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Moroni
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Bartoli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carolin Koerner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Veronica Krenn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andrea Musacchio
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Morgan KJ, Doggett K, Geng F, Mieruszynski S, Whitehead L, Smith KA, Hogan BM, Simons C, Baillie GJ, Molania R, Papenfuss AT, Hall TE, Ober EA, Stainier DYR, Gong Z, Heath JK. ahctf1 and kras mutations combine to amplify oncogenic stress and restrict liver overgrowth in a zebrafish model of hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2023; 12:73407. [PMID: 36648336 PMCID: PMC9897728 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin (NUP) ELYS, encoded by AHCTF1, is a large multifunctional protein with essential roles in nuclear pore assembly and mitosis. Using both larval and adult zebrafish models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which the expression of an inducible mutant kras transgene (krasG12V) drives hepatocyte-specific hyperplasia and liver enlargement, we show that reducing ahctf1 gene dosage by 50% markedly decreases liver volume, while non-hyperplastic tissues are unaffected. We demonstrate that in the context of cancer, ahctf1 heterozygosity impairs nuclear pore formation, mitotic spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation, leading to DNA damage and activation of a Tp53-dependent transcriptional programme that induces cell death and cell cycle arrest. Heterozygous expression of both ahctf1 and ranbp2 (encoding a second nucleoporin), or treatment of heterozygous ahctf1 larvae with the nucleocytoplasmic transport inhibitor, Selinexor, completely blocks krasG12V-driven hepatocyte hyperplasia. Gene expression analysis of patient samples in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that high expression of one or more of the transcripts encoding the 10 components of the NUP107-160 subcomplex, which includes AHCTF1, is positively correlated with worse overall survival. These results provide a strong and feasible rationale for the development of novel cancer therapeutics that target ELYS function and suggest potential avenues for effective combinatorial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Morgan
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Fansuo Geng
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneAustralia
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleAustralia
| | - Gregory J Baillie
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ramyar Molania
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elke A Ober
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Joan K Heath
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
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Wang X, Wang S. Identification of key genes involved in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:5246-5257. [PMID: 35116374 PMCID: PMC8798269 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer and to identify potential targets for antitamoxifen resistance. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tamoxifen-resistant and tamoxifen-sensitive breast cancer cells were assessed using the GSE67916 dataset acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were applied to investigate the functions and pathways of the DEGs. Subsequently, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and subnetworks were further analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE). The PPI network and subnetworks were visualized using Cytoscape software. Results In total, 438 DEGs were identified, of which 300 were upregulated and 138 were downregulated. The DEGs were significantly enriched in the protein binding, cellular response to estradiol stimulus, and immune response GO terms while the most significant pathways included the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in cancer. The PPI network of DEGs was constructed with 288 nodes and 629 edges, and 2 subnetworks were screened out from the entire network. Conclusions A number of significant hub DEGs were identified based on their degree of connectivity in the PPI network, , included MAPK1 (node degree 36), ESR1 (node degree 27), SMARCA4 (node degree 27), RANBP2 (node degree 25), and PRKCA (node degree 21). These critical hub genes were found to be related to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. The results of this study further the understanding of tamoxifen resistance at the molecular level and identify potential therapeutic targets for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Outpatient and Emergency, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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The roles of GTPase-activating proteins in regulated cell death and tumor immunity. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:171. [PMID: 34663417 PMCID: PMC8524929 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a negative regulator of GTPase protein that is thought to promote the conversion of the active GTPase-GTP form to the GTPase-GDP form. Based on its ability to regulate GTPase proteins and other domains, GAPs are directly or indirectly involved in various cell requirement processes. We reviewed the existing evidence of GAPs regulating regulated cell death (RCD), mainly apoptosis and autophagy, as well as some novel RCDs, with particular attention to their association in diseases, especially cancer. We also considered that GAPs could affect tumor immunity and attempted to link GAPs, RCD and tumor immunity. A deeper understanding of the GAPs for regulating these processes could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets to avoid pathologic cell loss or to mediate cancer cell death.
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the surface of nuclear membranes play a critical role in regulating the transport of both small molecules and macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm via their multilayered spiderweb-like central channel. During mitosis, nuclear envelope breakdown leads to the rapid disintegration of NPCs, allowing some NPC proteins to play crucial roles in the kinetochore structure, spindle bipolarity, and centrosome homeostasis. The aberrant functioning of nucleoporins (Nups) and NPCs has been associated with autoimmune diseases, viral infections, neurological diseases, cardiomyopathies, and cancers, especially leukemia. This Special Issue highlights several new contributions to the understanding of NPC proteostasis.
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Pulchelloid A, a sesquiterpene lactone from the Canadian prairie plant Gaillardia aristata inhibits mitosis in human cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5459-5471. [PMID: 34304367 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06554-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian prairie ecosystem presents a rich source of natural products from plants that are subjected to herbivory by grazing mammals. This type of ecological competition may contribute to the production of natural products of interest in cell biology and medical research. We provide the first biological description of the sesquiterpene lactone, pulchelloid A, which we isolated from the prairie plant, Gaillardia aristata (Asteraceae) and report that it inhibits mitosis in human cells. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that G. aristata (Blanket flower) extracts were cytotoxic to human cell lines and used phenotypic assays to characterize the bioactivity of extracts. Before dying, cells were characterized by a rounded morphology, phospho-histone H3 signals, mitotic spindles, and active Cdk1. By biology-guided fractionation of Gaillardia extracts, we isolated a sesquiterpene lactone named pulchelloid A. We used immunofluorescence microscopy and observed that cells treated with pulchelloid A have phospho-histone H3 positive chromosomes and a mitotic spindle, confirming that they were in mitosis. Treated cells arrest with an unusual phenotype; they enter a prolonged mitotic arrest in which the spindles become multipolar and the chromosomes acquire histone γH2AX foci, a hallmark of damaged DNA. CONCLUSIONS We propose that pulchelloid A, a natural product present in the prairie plant Gaillardia aristata, delays cells in mitosis. There is a growing body of evidence that a small number of members of the sesquiterpene lactone chemical family may target proteins that regulate mitosis.
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The RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO complex gates β-arrestin2 nuclear entry to regulate the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis. Oncogene 2021; 40:2243-2257. [PMID: 33649538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mdm2 antagonizes the tumor suppressor p53. Targeting the Mdm2-p53 interaction represents an attractive approach for the treatment of cancers with functional p53. Investigating mechanisms underlying Mdm2-p53 regulation is therefore important. The scaffold protein β-arrestin2 (β-arr2) regulates tumor suppressor p53 by counteracting Mdm2. β-arr2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling displaces Mdm2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm resulting in enhanced p53 signaling. β-arr2 is constitutively exported from the nucleus, via a nuclear export signal, but mechanisms regulating its nuclear entry are not completely elucidated. β-arr2 can be SUMOylated, but no information is available on how SUMO may regulate β-arr2 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. While we found β-arr2 SUMOylation to be dispensable for nuclear import, we identified a non-covalent interaction between SUMO and β-arr2, via a SUMO interaction motif (SIM), that is required for β-arr2 cytonuclear trafficking. This SIM promotes association of β-arr2 with the multimolecular RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO nucleocytoplasmic transport hub that resides on the cytoplasmic filaments of the nuclear pore complex. Depletion of RanBP2/RanGAP1-SUMO levels result in defective β-arr2 nuclear entry. Mutation of the SIM inhibits β-arr2 nuclear import, its ability to delocalize Mdm2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and enhanced p53 signaling in lung and breast tumor cell lines. Thus, a β-arr2 SIM nuclear entry checkpoint, coupled with active β-arr2 nuclear export, regulates its cytonuclear trafficking function to control the Mdm2-p53 signaling axis.
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Huang X, Zhao J, Fu W, Zhu J, Lou S, Tian X, Chen S, Ruan J, He J, Zhou H. The association of RAN and RANBP2 gene polymerphisms with Wilms tumor risk in Chinese children. J Cancer 2020; 11:804-809. [PMID: 31949483 PMCID: PMC6959007 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor is considered to be the most common renal malignancy among children. RAN, a member of RAS superfamily, and its binding partner RANBP2 are related to the progression of multiple tumors. Nevertheless, the effects of the RAN and RANBP2 gene polymorphisms on the tumorigenesis of Wilms tumor remain unclarified. In this study, three potentially functional polymorphisms (rs56109543 C>T, rs7132224 A>G, and rs14035 C>T) in the RAN and one (rs2462788 C>T) in the RANBP2 were chosen to investigate their association with Wilms tumor susceptibility. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association of the selected polymorphisms with Wilms tumor susceptibility. Results shown that RAN rs7132224 AG/GG genotypes significantly increased Wilms tumor risk when compared to AA genotype (adjusted OR=1.40, 95% CI=1.01-1.95, P=0.047). Carriers of 1-3 risk genotypes have a significantly higher Wilms tumor risk than those without risk genotype (adjusted OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.07-2.07, P=0.020). Moreover, stratified analysis indicated that RAN rs56109543 CT/TT genotypes, RAN rs7132224 AG/GG genotypes and RANBP2 rs2462788 CT/TT genotypes remarkably increased Wilms tumor susceptibility among the subgroups. Our results indicated that RAN and RANBP2 polymorphisms were associated with Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children. The role of RAN/RANBP2 in cancers deserves more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Fu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Susu Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tian
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Haixia Zhou, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, Tel./Fax: +86-13587898900, ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China, Tel./Fax: (+86-020)38076560,
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Haixia Zhou, Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China, Tel./Fax: +86-13587898900, ; or Jing He, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China, Tel./Fax: (+86-020)38076560,
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Amoorahim M, Valipour E, Hoseinkhani Z, Mahnam A, Rezazadeh D, Ansari M, Shahlaei M, Gamizgy YH, Moradi S, Mansouri K. TSGA10 overexpression inhibits angiogenesis of HUVECs: A HIF-2α biased perspective. Microvasc Res 2019; 128:103952. [PMID: 31704243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Testis-specific gene antigen 10 (TSGA10) is a protein overexpressed in most cancers; except for some certain types where its expression is reduced. TSGA10 overexpression in HeLa cells has been shown to disrupt hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) axis and exert potent inhibitory effects. Since HIF-1α is structurally and biochemically similar to HIF-2α, TSGA10 is expected to bind HIF-2α and inhibit its function as well. This study elucidated that increased expression of TSGA10 in manipulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased the proliferation and migration of these cells as affirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and wound healing tests, respectively. It also inhibited in vitro angiogenesis of these cells in 3D collagen-cytodex model. Expression levels of genes controlled by HIF-2α including autocrine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also assessed using real-time PCR. Our bioinformatic analysis also showed that TSGA10 could bind HIF-2α. Moreover, flow cytometry results indicated a cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Therefore, this study showed that overexpression of TSGA10, as a tumor suppressor gene, in endothelial cells resulted in decreased proliferation, migration and therefore, angiogenic activity of HUVECs. Since angiogenesis is vital for tumor development and metastasis, our findings could be of clinical significance in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Amoorahim
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elahe Valipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hoseinkhani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mahnam
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Davood Rezazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohabbat Ansari
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Younes Hossainy Gamizgy
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Molecular Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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13
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Khalaf B, Roncador A, Pischedda F, Casini A, Thomas S, Piccoli G, Kiebler M, Macchi P. Ankyrin-G induces nucleoporin Nup358 to associate with the axon initial segment of neurons. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.222802. [PMID: 31427429 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nup358 (also known as RanBP2) is a member of the large nucleoporin family that constitutes the nuclear pore complex. Depending on the cell type and the physiological state, Nup358 interacts with specific partner proteins and influences distinct mechanisms independent of its role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, we provide evidence that Nup358 associates selectively with the axon initial segment (AIS) of mature neurons, mediated by the AIS scaffold protein ankyrin-G (AnkG, also known as Ank3). The N-terminus of Nup358 is demonstrated to be sufficient for its localization at the AIS. Further, we show that Nup358 is expressed as two isoforms, one full-length and another shorter form of Nup358. These isoforms differ in their subcellular distribution in neurons and expression level during neuronal development. Overall, the present study highlights an unprecedented localization of Nup358 within the AIS and suggests its involvement in neuronal function.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Khalaf
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roncador
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Pischedda
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Biology of Synapses, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Casini
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sabine Thomas
- Department for Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Biology of Synapses, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Michael Kiebler
- Department for Cell Biology, Biomedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology-CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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14
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Nucleoporin Nup58 localizes to centrosomes and mid-bodies during mitosis. Cell Div 2019; 14:7. [PMID: 31388347 PMCID: PMC6679547 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-019-0050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) act as nano-turnstiles within nuclear membranes between the cytoplasm and nucleus of mammalian cells. NPC proteins, called nucleoporins (Nups), mediate trafficking of proteins and RNA into and out of the nucleus, and are involved in a variety of mitotic processes. We previously reported that Nup62 localizes to the centrosome and mitotic spindle during mitosis, and plays a role in centrosome homeostasis. However, whether Nup58, a Nup62 subcomplex protein, also localizes to spindle poles is unknown. Result Herein, we show that Nup58 localizes to the nuclear rim during interphase, and to mitotic spindles, centrosomes, and midbodies during mitosis. Our confocal microscopy, live-cell imaging, and stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy results also demonstrated that Nup58 localized to the centrosomes during metaphase and relocalized to midbodies during abscission. Depletion of Nup58 resulted in centrosomal abnormalities and delayed abscission. Conclusion Nup58 localized at the centrosomes and mitotic spindle during metaphase and relocalized at midbodies during abscission. This study highlights the important role of Nup58 in mitosis.
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Abstract
Suppression of a nuclear pore protein Nup358/RanBP2 is linked to mitotic cell death, but the clinical relevance of this link is unknown. In a recent issue of Cell, Vecchione et al. (2016) show that in approximately 10% of BRAF-like colorectal cancer (CC) patients, Nup358/RanBP2 is critical for survival. Treatment with vinorelbine, a microtubule-depolymerizing drug that inhibits mitosis, might be a potential treatment for these CCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, and Laboratory of Molecular Cellular Biology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Maximiliano D'Angelo
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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16
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The Nuclear Arsenal of Cilia. Dev Cell 2019; 49:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nucleoporin35 is a novel microtubule associated protein functioning in oocyte meiotic spindle architecture. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:435-443. [PMID: 30195030 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoporins (Nups) are a large and diverse family of proteins that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport at interphase of vertebrate cells. Nups also function in mitosis progression. However, whether Nups are involved in oocyte meiosis progression is still rarely known. In this study, we delineated the roles and regulatory mechanisms of Nucleoporin35 (Nup35) during oocyte meiotic maturation. The immunofluorescent signal of Nup35 was localized in the nuclear membrane at germinal vesicle (GV) stage, the microtubules and spindle at pro-metaphase I (pro-MI), metaphase I (MI), and metaphase II (MII), but to the spindle poles at anaphase I (AI) and telophase I (TI). The dynamic localization pattern of Nup35 during oocyte meiotic maturation implied its specific roles. We also found that Nup35 existed as a putatively phosphorylated form after resumption of meiosis (GVBD), but not at GV stage, implying its functional switch from nuclear membrane to meiotic progression. Further study uncovered that knockdown of Nup35 by specific siRNA significantly compromised the extrusion of first polar body (PBE), but not GVBD, with defects of spindle assembly and chromosome alignment and dissociated some localization signal of p-ERK1/2 from spindle poles to cytoplasm. A defective kinetochore - microtubule attachment (K-MT) was also identified in oocytes after knockdown of Nup35, which activates spindle assembly checkpoint. In conclusion, our results suggest that Nup35 is putatively phosphorylated and released to the cytoplasm after resumption of meiosis, and regulates spindle assembly and chromosome alignment.
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Wang J, Zhuo Z, Chen M, Zhu J, Zhao J, Zhang J, Chen S, He J, Zhou H. RAN/RANBP2 polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in Chinese children: a three-center case-control study. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:808-818. [PMID: 29706609 PMCID: PMC5940104 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic etiology of sporadic neuroblastoma remains largely obscure. RAN and RANBP2 genes encode Ras-related nuclear protein and Ran-binding protein 2, respectively. These two proteins form Ran-RanBP2 complex that regulate various cellular activities including nuclear transport. Aberrant functions of the two proteins are implicated in carcinogenesis. Given the unknown role of RAN/RANBP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in neuroblastoma risk, we performed a multi-center case-control study in Chinese children to assess the association of the RAN/RANBP2 SNPs with neuroblastoma risk. We analyzed three potentially functional SNPs in RAN gene (rs56109543 C>T, rs7132224 A>G, rs14035 C>T) and one in RANBP2 (rs2462788 C>T) in 429 cases and 884 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to access the association between these four polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk. No single variant was found to statistically significantly associate with neuroblastoma risk. However, individuals with 3 protective genotypes were less likely to develop neuroblastoma, in comparison to non-carriers (adjusted OR=0.33; 95% CI=0.12-0.96; P=0.042), as well as those with 0-2 protective genotypes (adjusted OR=0.33; 95% CI=0.11-0.94; P=0.038). Stratified analysis revealed no significant association for any of the four polymorphisms. Further studies are warranted to validate the weak impact of RAN/RANBP2 SNPs on neuroblastoma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juxiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhenjian Zhuo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang, China
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Pervasive Protein Thermal Stability Variation during the Cell Cycle. Cell 2018; 173:1495-1507.e18. [PMID: 29706546 PMCID: PMC5998384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative mass spectrometry has established proteome-wide regulation of protein abundance and post-translational modifications in various biological processes. Here, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to systematically analyze the thermal stability and solubility of proteins on a proteome-wide scale during the eukaryotic cell cycle. We demonstrate pervasive variation of these biophysical parameters with most changes occurring in mitosis and G1. Various cellular pathways and components vary in thermal stability, such as cell-cycle factors, polymerases, and chromatin remodelers. We demonstrate that protein thermal stability serves as a proxy for enzyme activity, DNA binding, and complex formation in situ. Strikingly, a large cohort of intrinsically disordered and mitotically phosphorylated proteins is stabilized and solubilized in mitosis, suggesting a fundamental remodeling of the biophysical environment of the mitotic cell. Our data represent a rich resource for cell, structural, and systems biologists interested in proteome regulation during biological transitions.
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20
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Colorectal cancer cells require glycogen synthase kinase-3β for sustaining mitosis via translocated promoter region (TPR)-dynein interaction. Oncotarget 2018; 9:13337-13352. [PMID: 29568361 PMCID: PMC5862582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which mediates fundamental cellular signaling pathways, has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for many types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). During mitosis, GSK3β localizes in mitotic spindles and centrosomes, however its function is largely unknown. We previously demonstrated that translocated promoter region (TPR, a nuclear pore component) and dynein (a molecular motor) cooperatively contribute to mitotic spindle formation. Such knowledge encouraged us to investigate putative functional interactions among GSK3β, TPR, and dynein in the mitotic machinery of CRC cells. Here, we show that inhibition of GSK3β attenuated proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and increased apoptosis of CRC cells. Morphologically, GSK3β inhibition disrupted chromosome segregation, mitotic spindle assembly, and centrosome maturation during mitosis, ultimately resulting in mitotic cell death. These changes in CRC cells were associated with decreased expression of TPR and dynein, as well as disruption of their functional colocalization with GSK3β in mitotic spindles and centrosomes. Clinically, we showed that TPR expression was increased in CRC databases and primary tumors of CRC patients. Furthermore, TPR expression in SW480 cells xenografted into mice was reduced following treatment with GSK3β inhibitors. Together, these results indicate that GSK3β sustains steady mitotic processes for proliferation of CRC cells via interaction with TPR and dynein, thereby suggesting that the therapeutic effect of GSK3β inhibition depends on induction of mitotic catastrophe in CRC cells.
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21
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Di Francesco L, Verrico A, Asteriti IA, Rovella P, Cirigliano P, Guarguaglini G, Schininà ME, Lavia P. Visualization of human karyopherin beta-1/importin beta-1 interactions with protein partners in mitotic cells by co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1850. [PMID: 29382863 PMCID: PMC5789818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin beta-1/Importin beta-1 is a conserved nuclear transport receptor, acting in protein nuclear import in interphase and as a global regulator of mitosis. These pleiotropic functions reflect its ability to interact with, and regulate, different pathways during the cell cycle, operating as a major effector of the GTPase RAN. Importin beta-1 is overexpressed in cancers characterized by high genetic instability, an observation that highlights the importance of identifying its partners in mitosis. Here we present the first comprehensive profile of importin beta-1 interactors from human mitotic cells. By combining co-immunoprecipitation and proteome-wide mass spectrometry analysis of synchronized cell extracts, we identified expected (e.g., RAN and SUMO pathway factors) and novel mitotic interactors of importin beta-1, many with RNA-binding ability, that had not been previously associated with importin beta-1. These data complement interactomic studies of interphase transport pathways. We further developed automated proximity ligation assay (PLA) protocols to validate selected interactors. We succeeded in obtaining spatial and temporal resolution of genuine importin beta-1 interactions, which were visualized and localized in situ in intact mitotic cells. Further developments of PLA protocols will be helpful to dissect importin beta-1-orchestrated pathways during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rovella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Gilistro E, de Turris V, Damizia M, Verrico A, Moroni S, De Santis R, Rosa A, Lavia P. Importin-β and CRM1 control a RANBP2 spatiotemporal switch essential for mitotic kinetochore function. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2564-2578. [PMID: 28600321 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein conjugation with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modification that modulates protein interactions and localisation. RANBP2 is a large nucleoporin endowed with SUMO E3 ligase and SUMO-stabilising activity, and is implicated in some cancer types. RANBP2 is part of a larger complex, consisting of SUMO-modified RANGAP1, the GTP-hydrolysis activating factor for the GTPase RAN. During mitosis, the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex localises to the mitotic spindle and to kinetochores after microtubule attachment. Here, we address the mechanisms that regulate this localisation and how they affect kinetochore functions. Using proximity ligation assays, we find that nuclear transport receptors importin-β and CRM1 play essential roles in localising the RANBP2-SUMO-RANGAP1 complex away from, or at kinetochores, respectively. Using newly generated inducible cell lines, we show that overexpression of nuclear transport receptors affects the timing of RANBP2 localisation in opposite ways. Concomitantly, kinetochore functions are also affected, including the accumulation of SUMO-conjugated topoisomerase-IIα and stability of kinetochore fibres. These results delineate a novel mechanism through which nuclear transport receptors govern the functional state of kinetochores by regulating the timely deposition of RANBP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gilistro
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Damizia
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Verrico
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Moroni
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Life Nanoscience@Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lavia
- CNR National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), ℅ Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
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23
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Mohamed MS, Kobayashi A, Taoka A, Watanabe-Nakayama T, Kikuchi Y, Hazawa M, Minamoto T, Fukumori Y, Kodera N, Uchihashi T, Ando T, Wong RW. High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Loss of Nuclear Pore Resilience as a Dying Code in Colorectal Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5567-5578. [PMID: 28530826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the sole turnstile implanted in the nuclear envelope (NE), acting as a central nanoregulator of transport between the cytosol and the nucleus. NPCs consist of ∼30 proteins, termed nucleoporins. About one-third of nucleoporins harbor natively unstructured, intrinsically disordered phenylalanine-glycine strings (FG-Nups), which engage in transport selectivity. Because the barriers insert deeply in the NPC, they are nearly inaccessible. Several in vitro barrier models have been proposed; however, the dynamic FG-Nups protein molecules themselves are imperceptible in vivo. We show here that high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) can be used to directly visualize nanotopographical changes of the nuclear pore inner channel in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Furthermore, using MLN8237/alisertib, an apoptotic and autophagic inducer currently being tested in relapsed cancer clinical trials, we unveiled the functional loss of nucleoporins, particularly the deformation of the FG-Nups barrier, in dying cancer cells. We propose that the loss of this nanoscopic resilience is an irreversible dying code in cells. These findings not only illuminate the potential application of HS-AFM as an intracellular nanoendoscopy but also might aid in the design of future nuclear targeted nanodrug delivery tailored to the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Shaaban Mohamed
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Azuma Taoka
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Watanabe-Nakayama
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kikuchi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumori
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kodera
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, ‡Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center, §Division of Natural System, School of Natural Science and Technology, and ∥Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University , Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Sakuma S, D'Angelo MA. The roles of the nuclear pore complex in cellular dysfunction, aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:72-84. [PMID: 28506892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC), the proteins that compose it (nucleoporins), and the nucleocytoplasmic transport that it controls have revealed an unexpected layer to pathogenic disease onset and progression. Recent advances in the study of the regulation of NPC composition and function suggest that the precise control of this structure is necessary to prevent diseases from arising or progressing. Here we discuss the role of nucleoporins in a diverse set of diseases, many of which directly or indirectly increase in occurrence and severity as we age, and often shorten the human lifespan. NPC biology has been shown to play a direct role in these diseases and therefore in the process of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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25
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A Vulnerability of a Subset of Colon Cancers with Potential Clinical Utility. Cell 2016; 165:317-30. [PMID: 27058664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAF(V600E) mutant colon cancers (CCs) have a characteristic gene expression signature that is also found in some tumors lacking this mutation. Collectively, they are referred to as "BRAF-like" tumors and represent some 20% of CCs. We used a shRNA-based genetic screen focused on genes upregulated in BRAF(V600E) CCs to identify vulnerabilities of this tumor subtype that might be exploited therapeutically. Here, we identify RANBP2 (also known as NUP358) as essential for survival of BRAF-like, but not for non-BRAF-like, CC cells. Suppression of RANBP2 results in mitotic defects only in BRAF-like CC cells, leading to cell death. Mechanistically, RANBP2 silencing reduces microtubule outgrowth from the kinetochores, thereby inducing spindle perturbations, providing an explanation for the observed mitotic defects. We find that BRAF-like CCs display far greater sensitivity to the microtubule poison vinorelbine both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that vinorelbine is a potential tailored treatment for BRAF-like CCs.
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26
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Kobayashi A, Hashizume C, Dowaki T, Wong RW. Therapeutic potential of mitotic interaction between the nucleoporin Tpr and aurora kinase A. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1447-58. [PMID: 25789545 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poles are defined by centrosomes; therefore, an abnormal number or defective structural organization of centrosomes can lead to loss of spindle bipolarity and genetic integrity. Previously, we showed that Tpr (translocated promoter region), a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), interacts with Mad1 and dynein to promote proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Tpr also associates with p53 to induce autophagy. Here, we report that Tpr depletion induces mitotic catastrophe and enhances the rate of tetraploidy and polyploidy. Mechanistically, Tpr interacts, via its central domain, with Aurora A but not Aurora B kinase. In Tpr-depleted cells, the expression levels, centrosomal localization and phosphorylation of Aurora A were all reduced. Surprisingly, an Aurora A inhibitor, Alisertib (MLN8237), also disrupted centrosomal localization of Tpr and induced mitotic catastrophe and cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Strikingly, over-expression of Aurora A disrupted Tpr centrosomal localization only in cells with supernumerary centrosomes but not in bipolar cells. Our results highlight the mutual regulation between Tpr and Aurora A and further confirm the importance of nucleoporin function in spindle pole organization, bipolar spindle assembly, and mitosis; functions that are beyond the conventional nucleocytoplasmic transport and NPC structural roles of nucleoporins. Furthermore, the central coiled-coil domain of Tpr binds to and sequesters extra Aurora A to safeguard bipolarity. This Tpr domain merits further investigation for its ability to inhibit Aurora kinase and as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kobayashi
- a Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology ; Faculty of Natural Systems; Kanazawa University ; Kanazawa , Ishikawa , Japan
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27
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Abstract
Growing lines of evidence implicate the small GTPase RAN, its regulators and effectors--predominantly, nuclear transport receptors--in practically all aspects of centrosome biology in mammalian cells. These include duplication licensing, cohesion, positioning, and microtubule-nucleation capacity. RAN cooperates with the protein nuclear export vector exportin 1/CRM1 to recruit scaffolding proteins containing nuclear export sequences that play roles in the structural organization of centrosomes. Together, they also limit centrosome reduplication by regulating the localization of key "licensing" proteins during the centrosome duplication cycle. In parallel, RAN also regulates the capacity of centrosomes to nucleate and organize functional microtubules, and this predominanlty involves importin vectors: many factors regulating microtubule nucleation or function harbor nuclear localization sequences that interact with importin molecules and such interaction inhibits their activity. Active RANGTP binding to importin molecules removes the inhibition and releases microtubule regulatory factors in the free productive form. A dynamic scenario emerges, in which RAN is pivotal in linking spatiotemporal control of centrosome regulators to the cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Lavia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Sapienza University of Rome, via degli Apuli 4, Rome, 00185, Italy.
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28
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Chen JWC, Barker AR, Wakefield JG. The Ran Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster Mitosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:74. [PMID: 26636083 PMCID: PMC4659922 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the small GTPase Ran has emerged as a central regulator of both mitosis and meiosis, particularly in the generation, maintenance, and regulation of the microtubule (MT)-based bipolar spindle. Ran-regulated pathways in mitosis bear many similarities to the well-characterized functions of Ran in nuclear transport and, as with transport, the majority of these mitotic effects are mediated through affecting the physical interaction between karyopherins and Spindle Assembly Factors (SAFs)—a loose term describing proteins or protein complexes involved in spindle assembly through promoting nucleation, stabilization, and/or depolymerization of MTs, through anchoring MTs to specific structures such as centrosomes, chromatin or kinetochores, or through sliding MTs along each other to generate the force required to achieve bipolarity. As such, the Ran-mediated pathway represents a crucial functional module within the wider spindle assembly landscape. Research into mitosis using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster has contributed substantially to our understanding of centrosome and spindle function. However, in comparison to mammalian systems, very little is known about the contribution of Ran-mediated pathways in Drosophila mitosis. This article sets out to summarize our understanding of the roles of the Ran pathway components in Drosophila mitosis, focusing on the syncytial blastoderm embryo, arguing that it can provide important insights into the conserved functions on Ran during spindle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack W C Chen
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
| | - Amy R Barker
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK ; Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London London, UK
| | - James G Wakefield
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter Exeter, UK
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29
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Complex Commingling: Nucleoporins and the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. Cells 2015; 4:706-25. [PMID: 26540075 PMCID: PMC4695854 DOI: 10.3390/cells4040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The segregation of the chromosomes during mitosis is an important process, in which the replicated DNA content is properly allocated into two daughter cells. To ensure their genomic integrity, cells present an essential surveillance mechanism known as the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which monitors the bipolar attachment of the mitotic spindle to chromosomes to prevent errors that would result in chromosome mis-segregation and aneuploidy. Multiple components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), a gigantic protein complex that forms a channel through the nuclear envelope to allow nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules, were shown to be critical for faithful cell division and implicated in the regulation of different steps of the mitotic process, including kinetochore and spindle assembly as well as the SAC. In this review, we will describe current knowledge about the interconnection between the NPC and the SAC in an evolutional perspective, which primarily relies on the two mitotic checkpoint regulators, Mad1 and Mad2. We will further discuss the role of NPC constituents, the nucleoporins, in kinetochore and spindle assembly and the formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex during mitosis and interphase.
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30
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Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are composed of several copies of ∼30 different proteins called nucleoporins (Nups). NPCs penetrate the nuclear envelope (NE) and regulate the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of macromolecules. Beyond this vital role, NPC components influence genome functions in a transport-independent manner. Nups play an evolutionarily conserved role in gene expression regulation that, in metazoans, extends into the nuclear interior. Additionally, in proliferative cells, Nups play a crucial role in genome integrity maintenance and mitotic progression. Here we discuss genome-related functions of Nups and their impact on essential DNA metabolism processes such as transcription, chromosome duplication, and segregation.
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31
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Portal MM, Pavet V, Erb C, Gronemeyer H. Human cells contain natural double-stranded RNAs with potential regulatory functions. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2014; 22:89-97. [PMID: 25504323 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has suggested the existence of sense-antisense transcription in mammals, but the existence of double-stranded RNAs endowed with biological function has remained elusive. Herein we show that hundreds of putative natural double-stranded RNAs (ndsRNAs) are expressed from interspersed genomic locations and respond to cellular cues. We demonstrate that a subset of ndsRNAs localize in the nucleus and, in their double-stranded form, interact with nuclear proteins. Detailed characterization of an ndsRNA (nds-2a) revealed that this molecule displays differential localization throughout the cell cycle and directly interacts with RCC1 and RAN and, through the latter, with the mitotic RANGAP1-SUMO1-RANBP2 complex. Notably, altering nds-2a levels led to postmitotic abnormalities, mitotic catastrophe and cell death, thus supporting a mitosis-related role. Altogether, our study reveals a hitherto-unrecognized class of RNAs that potentially participate in major biological processes in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano M Portal
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Valeria Pavet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Cathie Erb
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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32
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Patil H, Saha A, Senda E, Cho KI, Haque M, Yu M, Qiu S, Yoon D, Hao Y, Peachey NS, Ferreira PA. Selective impairment of a subset of Ran-GTP-binding domains of ran-binding protein 2 (Ranbp2) suffices to recapitulate the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) triggered by Ranbp2 ablation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29767-89. [PMID: 25187515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.586834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration underpins diseases triggered by disparate genetic lesions, noxious insults, or both. The pleiotropic Ranbp2 controls the expression of intrinsic and extrinsic pathological stressors impinging on cellular viability. However, the physiological targets and mechanisms controlled by Ranbp2 in tissue homeostasis, such as RPE, are ill defined. We show that mice, RPE-cre::Ranbp2(-/-), with selective Ranbp2 ablation in RPE develop pigmentary changes, syncytia, hypoplasia, age-dependent centrifugal and non-apoptotic degeneration of the RPE, and secondary leakage of choriocapillaris. These manifestations are accompanied by the development of F-actin clouds, metalloproteinase-11 activation, deregulation of expression or subcellular localization of critical RPE proteins, atrophic cell extrusions into the subretinal space, and compensatory proliferation of peripheral RPE. To gain mechanistic insights into what Ranbp2 activities are vital to the RPE, we performed genetic complementation analyses of transgenic lines of bacterial artificial chromosomes of Ranbp2 harboring loss of function of selective Ranbp2 domains expressed in a Ranbp2(-/-) background. Among the transgenic lines produced, only Tg(RBD2/3*-HA)::RPE-cre::Ranbp2(-/-)-expressing mutations, which selectively impair binding of RBD2/3 (Ran-binding domains 2 and 3) of Ranbp2 to Ran-GTP, recapitulate RPE degeneration, as observed with RPE-cre::Ranbp2(-/-). By contrast, Tg(RBD2/3*-HA) expression rescues the degeneration of cone photoreceptors lacking Ranbp2. The RPE of RPE-cre::Ranbp2(-/-) and Tg(RBD2/3*-HA)::RPE-cre::Ranbp2(-/-) share proteostatic deregulation of Ran GTPase, serotransferrin, and γ-tubulin and suppression of light-evoked electrophysiological responses. These studies unravel selective roles of Ranbp2 and its RBD2 and RBD3 in RPE survival and functions. We posit that the control of Ran GTPase by Ranbp2 emerges as a novel therapeutic target in diseases promoting RPE degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arjun Saha
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | | | | | | | - Minzhong Yu
- the Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Sunny Qiu
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | - Dosuk Yoon
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | - Ying Hao
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and
| | - Neal S Peachey
- the Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, the Research Service, Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, and the Department of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Paulo A Ferreira
- From the Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710,
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33
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Hashizume C, Moyori A, Kobayashi A, Yamakoshi N, Endo A, Wong RW. Nucleoporin Nup62 maintains centrosome homeostasis. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3804-16. [PMID: 24107630 PMCID: PMC3905072 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are comprised of 2 orthogonally arranged centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar material (PCM), which serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the animal cell. More importantly, centrosomes also control spindle polarity and orientation during mitosis. Recently, we and other investigators discovered that several nucleoporins play critical roles during cell division. Here, we show that nucleoporin Nup62 plays a novel role in centrosome integrity. Knockdown of Nup62 induced mitotic arrest in G2/M phases and mitotic cell death. Depletion of Nup62 using RNA interference results in defective centrosome segregation and centriole maturation during the G2 phase. Moreover, Nup62 depletion in human cells leads to the appearance of multinucleated cells and induces the formation of multipolar centrosomes, centriole synthesis defects, dramatic spindle orientation defects, and centrosome component rearrangements that impair cell bi-polarity. Our results also point to a potential role of Nup62 in targeting gamma-tubulin and SAS-6 to the centrioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Hashizume
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akane Moyori
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan; Division of Natural System; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Nana Yamakoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan; Division of Natural System; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Aoi Endo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Richard W Wong
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Department of Biology; Faculty of Natural Systems; Institute of Science and Engineering; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan; Bio-AFM Frontier Research Center; Kanazawa University; Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
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