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Doggett K, Keating N, Dehkhoda F, Bidgood GM, Meza Guzman LG, Leong E, Kueh A, Nicola NA, Kershaw NJ, Babon JJ, Alexander WS, Nicholson SE. The SOCS1 KIR and SH2 domain are both required for suppression of cytokine signaling in vivo. Cytokine 2023; 165:156167. [PMID: 36934508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1 is a critical negative regulator of cytokine signaling and required to protect against an excessive inflammatory response. Genetic deletion of Socs1 results in unrestrained cytokine signaling and neonatal lethality, characterised by an inflammatory immune infiltrate in multiple organs. Overexpression and structural studies have suggested that the SOCS1 kinase inhibitory region (KIR) and Src homology 2 (SH2) domain are important for interaction with and inhibition of the receptor-associated JAK1, JAK2 and TYK2 tyrosine kinases, which initiate downstream signaling. To investigate the role of the KIR and SH2 domain in SOCS1 function, we independently mutated key conserved residues in each domain and analysed the impact on cytokine signaling, and the in vivo impact on SOCS1 function. Mutation of the SOCS1-KIR or SH2 domain had no impact on the integrity of the SOCS box complex, however, mutation within the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of the SOCS1-SH2 domain specifically disrupted SOCS1 interaction with phosphorylated JAK1. In contrast, mutation of the KIR did not affect the interaction with JAK1, but did prevent SOCS1 inhibition of JAK1 autophosphorylation. In human and mouse cell lines, both mutants impacted the ability of SOCS1 to restrain cytokine signaling, and crucially, Socs1-R105A and Socs1-F59A mice displayed a neonatal lethality and excessive inflammatory phenotype similar to Socs1-null mice. This study defines a critical and non-redundant role for both the KIR and SH2 domain in endogenous SOCS1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Doggett
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Narelle Keating
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Farhad Dehkhoda
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Grace M Bidgood
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lizeth G Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Evelyn Leong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warren S Alexander
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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2
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Morgan KJ, Doggett K, Geng F, Mieruszynski S, Whitehead L, Smith KA, Hogan BM, Simons C, Baillie GJ, Molania R, Papenfuss AT, Hall TE, Ober EA, Stainier DYR, Gong Z, Heath JK. ahctf1 and kras mutations combine to amplify oncogenic stress and restrict liver overgrowth in a zebrafish model of hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2023; 12:73407. [PMID: 36648336 PMCID: PMC9897728 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoporin (NUP) ELYS, encoded by AHCTF1, is a large multifunctional protein with essential roles in nuclear pore assembly and mitosis. Using both larval and adult zebrafish models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), in which the expression of an inducible mutant kras transgene (krasG12V) drives hepatocyte-specific hyperplasia and liver enlargement, we show that reducing ahctf1 gene dosage by 50% markedly decreases liver volume, while non-hyperplastic tissues are unaffected. We demonstrate that in the context of cancer, ahctf1 heterozygosity impairs nuclear pore formation, mitotic spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation, leading to DNA damage and activation of a Tp53-dependent transcriptional programme that induces cell death and cell cycle arrest. Heterozygous expression of both ahctf1 and ranbp2 (encoding a second nucleoporin), or treatment of heterozygous ahctf1 larvae with the nucleocytoplasmic transport inhibitor, Selinexor, completely blocks krasG12V-driven hepatocyte hyperplasia. Gene expression analysis of patient samples in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that high expression of one or more of the transcripts encoding the 10 components of the NUP107-160 subcomplex, which includes AHCTF1, is positively correlated with worse overall survival. These results provide a strong and feasible rationale for the development of novel cancer therapeutics that target ELYS function and suggest potential avenues for effective combinatorial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Morgan
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Fansuo Geng
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Lachlan Whitehead
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Centre for Dynamic Imaging, Advanced Technology and Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Kelly A Smith
- Department of Physiology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneAustralia
| | - Cas Simons
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleAustralia
| | - Gregory J Baillie
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ramyar Molania
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of QueenslandQueenslandAustralia
| | - Elke A Ober
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Didier YR Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad NauheimGermany
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Science, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Joan K Heath
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleAustralia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
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3
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Olthof AM, White AK, Mieruszynski S, Doggett K, Lee MF, Chakroun A, Abdel Aleem AK, Rousseau J, Magnani C, Roifman CM, Campeau PM, Heath JK, Kanadia RN. Disruption of exon-bridging interactions between the minor and major spliceosomes results in alternative splicing around minor introns. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3524-3545. [PMID: 33660780 PMCID: PMC8034651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate genomes contain major (>99.5%) and minor (<0.5%) introns that are spliced by the major and minor spliceosomes, respectively. Major intron splicing follows the exon-definition model, whereby major spliceosome components first assemble across exons. However, since most genes with minor introns predominately consist of major introns, formation of exon-definition complexes in these genes would require interaction between the major and minor spliceosomes. Here, we report that minor spliceosome protein U11-59K binds to the major spliceosome U2AF complex, thereby supporting a model in which the minor spliceosome interacts with the major spliceosome across an exon to regulate the splicing of minor introns. Inhibition of minor spliceosome snRNAs and U11-59K disrupted exon-bridging interactions, leading to exon skipping by the major spliceosome. The resulting aberrant isoforms contained a premature stop codon, yet were not subjected to nonsense-mediated decay, but rather bound to polysomes. Importantly, we detected elevated levels of these alternatively spliced transcripts in individuals with minor spliceosome-related diseases such as Roifman syndrome, Lowry–Wood syndrome and early-onset cerebellar ataxia. In all, we report that the minor spliceosome informs splicing by the major spliceosome through exon-definition interactions and show that minor spliceosome inhibition results in aberrant alternative splicing in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Olthof
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alisa K White
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Madisen F Lee
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | | | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Cinzia Magnani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43121, Italy
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joan K Heath
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rahul N Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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4
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Doggett K, Williams BB, Markmiller S, Geng FS, Coates J, Mieruszynski S, Ernst M, Thomas T, Heath JK. Early developmental arrest and impaired gastrointestinal homeostasis in U12-dependent splicing-defective Rnpc3-deficient mice. RNA 2018; 24:1856-1870. [PMID: 30254136 PMCID: PMC6239176 DOI: 10.1261/rna.068221.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Splicing is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. While the majority of introns is excised by the U2-dependent, or major class, spliceosome, the appropriate expression of a very small subset of genes depends on U12-dependent, or minor class, splicing. The U11/U12 65K protein (hereafter 65K), encoded by RNPC3, is one of seven proteins that are unique to the U12-dependent spliceosome, and previous studies including our own have established that it plays a role in plant and vertebrate development. To pinpoint the impact of 65K loss during mammalian development and in adulthood, we generated germline and conditional Rnpc3-deficient mice. Homozygous Rnpc3-/- embryos died prior to blastocyst implantation, whereas Rnpc3+/- mice were born at the expected frequency, achieved sexual maturity, and exhibited a completely normal lifespan. Systemic recombination of conditional Rnpc3 alleles in adult (Rnpc3lox/lox ) mice caused rapid weight loss, leukopenia, and degeneration of the epithelial lining of the entire gastrointestinal tract, the latter due to increased cell death and a reduction in cell proliferation. Accompanying this, we observed a loss of both 65K and the pro-proliferative phospho-ERK1/2 proteins from the stem/progenitor cells at the base of intestinal crypts. RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from purified preparations of intestinal epithelial cells with recombined Rnpc3lox alleles revealed increased frequency of U12-type intron retention in all transcripts tested. Our study, using a novel conditional mouse model of Rnpc3 deficiency, establishes that U12-dependent splicing is not only important during development but is indispensable throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Doggett
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ben B Williams
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sebastian Markmiller
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Fan-Suo Geng
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Janine Coates
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- Development and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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5
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Baell JB, Leaver DJ, Hermans SJ, Kelly GL, Brennan MS, Downer NL, Nguyen N, Wichmann J, McRae HM, Yang Y, Cleary B, Lagiakos HR, Mieruszynski S, Pacini G, Vanyai HK, Bergamasco MI, May RE, Davey BK, Morgan KJ, Sealey AJ, Wang B, Zamudio N, Wilcox S, Garnham AL, Sheikh BN, Aubrey BJ, Doggett K, Chung MC, de Silva M, Bentley J, Pilling P, Hattarki M, Dolezal O, Dennis ML, Falk H, Ren B, Charman SA, White KL, Rautela J, Newbold A, Hawkins ED, Johnstone RW, Huntington ND, Peat TS, Heath JK, Strasser A, Parker MW, Smyth GK, Street IP, Monahan BJ, Voss AK, Thomas T. Inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases KAT6A/B induce senescence and arrest tumour growth. Nature 2018; 560:253-257. [PMID: 30069049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetylation of histones by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) is essential for chromatin organization and function1. Among the genes coding for the MYST family of KATs (KAT5-KAT8) are the oncogenes KAT6A (also known as MOZ) and KAT6B (also known as MORF and QKF)2,3. KAT6A has essential roles in normal haematopoietic stem cells4-6 and is the target of recurrent chromosomal translocations, causing acute myeloid leukaemia7,8. Similarly, chromosomal translocations in KAT6B have been identified in diverse cancers8. KAT6A suppresses cellular senescence through the regulation of suppressors of the CDKN2A locus9,10, a function that requires its KAT activity10. Loss of one allele of KAT6A extends the median survival of mice with MYC-induced lymphoma from 105 to 413 days11. These findings suggest that inhibition of KAT6A and KAT6B may provide a therapeutic benefit in cancer. Here we present highly potent, selective inhibitors of KAT6A and KAT6B, denoted WM-8014 and WM-1119. Biochemical and structural studies demonstrate that these compounds are reversible competitors of acetyl coenzyme A and inhibit MYST-catalysed histone acetylation. WM-8014 and WM-1119 induce cell cycle exit and cellular senescence without causing DNA damage. Senescence is INK4A/ARF-dependent and is accompanied by changes in gene expression that are typical of loss of KAT6A function. WM-8014 potentiates oncogene-induced senescence in vitro and in a zebrafish model of hepatocellular carcinoma. WM-1119, which has increased bioavailability, arrests the progression of lymphoma in mice. We anticipate that this class of inhibitors will help to accelerate the development of therapeutics that target gene transcription regulated by histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Baell
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - David J Leaver
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan J Hermans
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margs S Brennan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Natalie L Downer
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes Wichmann
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen M McRae
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuqing Yang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Cleary
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Rachel Lagiakos
- Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guido Pacini
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah K Vanyai
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria I Bergamasco
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rose E May
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bethany K Davey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kimberly J Morgan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sealey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beinan Wang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Natasha Zamudio
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Wilcox
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bilal N Sheikh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brandon J Aubrey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew C Chung
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie de Silva
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Bentley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pat Pilling
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meghan Hattarki
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olan Dolezal
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew L Dennis
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hendrik Falk
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bin Ren
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen L White
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Newbold
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin D Hawkins
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas S Peat
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Biomedical Program, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian P Street
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon J Monahan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Don EK, de Jong-Curtain TA, Doggett K, Hall TE, Heng B, Badrock AP, Winnick C, Nicholson GA, Guillemin GJ, Currie PD, Hesselson D, Heath JK, Cole NJ. Genetic basis of hindlimb loss in a naturally occurring vertebrate model. Biol Open 2016; 5:359-66. [PMID: 26892237 PMCID: PMC4810746 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we genetically characterise pelvic finless, a naturally occurring model of hindlimb loss in zebrafish that lacks pelvic fin structures, which are homologous to tetrapod hindlimbs, but displays no other abnormalities. Using a hybrid positional cloning and next generation sequencing approach, we identified mutations in the nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of T-box transcription factor 4 (Tbx4) that impair nuclear localisation of the protein, resulting in altered gene expression patterns during pelvic fin development and the failure of pelvic fin development. Using a TALEN-induced tbx4 knockout allele we confirm that mutations within the Tbx4 NLS (A78V; G79A) are sufficient to disrupt pelvic fin development. By combining histological, genetic, and cellular approaches we show that the hindlimb initiation gene tbx4 has an evolutionarily conserved, essential role in pelvic fin development. In addition, our novel viable model of hindlimb deficiency is likely to facilitate the elucidation of the detailed molecular mechanisms through which Tbx4 functions during pelvic fin and hindlimb development. Summary: Here we genetically characterise mutations in tbx4 which underlie pelvic finless, a naturally occurring model of hindlimb loss in zebrafish that lacks pelvic fin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Don
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Department of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | - Karen Doggett
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas E Hall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew P Badrock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Claire Winnick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Cole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia Department of Anatomy & Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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7
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Abstract
During tumorigenesis, pathways that promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can both facilitate metastasis and endow tumor cells with cancer stem cell properties. To gain a greater understanding of how these properties are interlinked in cancers we used Drosophila epithelial tumor models, which are driven by orthologues of human oncogenes (activated alleles of Ras and Notch) in cooperation with the loss of the cell polarity regulator, scribbled (scrib). Within these tumors, both invasive, mesenchymal-like cell morphology and continual tumor overgrowth, are dependent upon Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. To identify JNK-dependent changes within the tumors we used a comparative microarray analysis to define a JNK gene signature common to both Ras and Notch-driven tumors. Amongst the JNK-dependent changes was a significant enrichment for BTB-Zinc Finger (ZF) domain genes, including chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (chinmo). chinmo was upregulated by JNK within the tumors, and overexpression of chinmo with either RasV12 or Nintra was sufficient to promote JNK-independent epithelial tumor formation in the eye/antennal disc, and, in cooperation with RasV12, promote tumor formation in the adult midgut epithelium. Chinmo primes cells for oncogene-mediated transformation through blocking differentiation in the eye disc, and promoting an escargot-expressing stem or enteroblast cell state in the adult midgut. BTB-ZF genes are also required for Ras and Notch-driven overgrowth of scrib mutant tissue, since, although loss of chinmo alone did not significantly impede tumor development, when loss of chinmo was combined with loss of a functionally related BTB-ZF gene, abrupt, tumor overgrowth was significantly reduced. abrupt is not a JNK-induced gene, however, Abrupt is present in JNK-positive tumor cells, consistent with a JNK-associated oncogenic role. As some mammalian BTB-ZF proteins are also highly oncogenic, our work suggests that EMT-promoting signals in human cancers could similarly utilize networks of these proteins to promote cancer stem cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Doggett
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nezaket Turkel
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee F. Willoughby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J. Murray
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, 1–100 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena E. Richardson
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, 1–100 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, 1–100 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony M. Brumby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrew’s Place, East Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, 1–100 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Williams BB, Tebbutt NC, Buchert M, Putoczki TL, Doggett K, Bao S, Johnstone CN, Masson F, Hollande F, Burgess AW, Scott AM, Ernst M, Heath JK. Glycoprotein A33 deficiency: a new mouse model of impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function and inflammatory disease. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:805-15. [PMID: 26035389 PMCID: PMC4527289 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cells of the intestinal epithelium provide a selectively permeable barrier between the external environment and internal tissues. The integrity of this barrier is maintained by tight junctions, specialised cell-cell contacts that permit the absorption of water and nutrients while excluding microbes, toxins and dietary antigens. Impairment of intestinal barrier function contributes to multiple gastrointestinal disorders, including food hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Glycoprotein A33 (GPA33) is an intestinal epithelium-specific cell surface marker and member of the CTX group of transmembrane proteins. Roles in cell-cell adhesion have been demonstrated for multiple CTX family members, suggesting a similar function for GPA33 within the gastrointestinal tract. To test a potential requirement for GPA33 in intestinal barrier function, we generated Gpa33−/− mice and subjected them to experimental regimens designed to produce food hypersensitivity, colitis and CAC. Gpa33−/− mice exhibited impaired intestinal barrier function. This was shown by elevated steady-state immunosurveillance in the colonic mucosa and leakiness to oral TRITC-labelled dextran after short-term exposure to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) to injure the intestinal epithelium. Gpa33−/− mice also exhibited rapid onset and reduced resolution of DSS-induced colitis, and a striking increase in the number of colitis-associated tumours produced by treatment with the colon-specific mutagen azoxymethane (AOM) followed by two cycles of DSS. In contrast, Gpa33−/− mice treated with AOM alone showed no increase in sporadic tumour formation, indicating that their increased tumour susceptibility is dependent on inflammatory stimuli. Finally, Gpa33−/− mice displayed hypersensitivity to food allergens, a common co-morbidity in humans with IBD. We propose that Gpa33−/− mice provide a valuable model to study the mechanisms linking intestinal permeability and multiple inflammatory pathologies. Moreover, this model could facilitate preclinical studies aimed at identifying drugs that restore barrier function. Highlighted Article: We show that GPA33, an intestine-specific cell surface protein, plays a role in the maintenance of intestinal barrier function and the prevention of intestinal pathologies such as food hypersensitivity, inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Williams
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Niall C Tebbutt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Science and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cameron N Johnstone
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - Frederick Masson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Frederic Hollande
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Austin Branch, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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9
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Dworkin S, Simkin J, Darido C, Partridge DD, Georgy SR, Caddy J, Wilanowski T, Lieschke GJ, Doggett K, Heath JK, Jane SM. Grainyhead-like 3 regulation of endothelin-1 in the pharyngeal endoderm is critical for growth and development of the craniofacial skeleton. Mech Dev 2014; 133:77-90. [PMID: 24915580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Craniofacial development is a highly conserved process that requires complex interactions between neural crest cells (NCCs) and pharyngeal tissues derived from all three germ layers. Signals emanating from the pharyngeal endoderm drive differentiation of NCCs into craniofacial cartilage, and disruption of this process underpins several human craniofacial defects (CFD). Here, we demonstrate that morpholino (MO)-mediated knockdown in zebrafish of the highly conserved transcription factor grainyhead-like 3 (grhl3), which is selectively expressed in the pharyngeal endoderm, leads to severe hypoplasia of the lower jaw cartilages. Phylogenetic analysis of conserved grhl-binding sites in gene regulatory regions identified endothelin-1 (edn1) as a putative direct grhl3 target gene, and this was confirmed by chromatin precipitation (ChIP) assays in zebrafish embryos. Injection of sub-phenotypic concentrations of MOs targeting both grhl3 and edn1 induced jaw abnormalities, and injection of edn1 mRNA into grhl3-morphants rescued both pharyngeal expression of the downstream effectors of edn1, and jaw cartilage formation. This study sheds new light on the role of endodermal endothelin-1 in vertebrate jaw development, and highlights potential new genetic defects that could underpin human CFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia.
| | - Johanna Simkin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Charbel Darido
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Darren D Partridge
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Smitha R Georgy
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
| | - Jacinta Caddy
- Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Graham J Lieschke
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; Colon Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne-Parkville Branch, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen M Jane
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia; Alfred Hospital, Prahran, VIC 3181, Australia
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10
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Shortt J, Hsu A, Martin B, Doggett K, Matthews G, Doyle M, Ellul J, Jockel T, Andrews D, Hogg S, Reitsma A, Faulkner D, Bergsagel P, Chesi M, Heath J, Denny W, Thompson P, Neeson P, Ritchie D, McArthur G, Johnstone R. The Drug Vehicle and Solvent N-Methylpyrrolidone Is an Immunomodulator and Antimyeloma Compound. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1009-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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11
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Turkel N, Sahota VK, Bolden JE, Goulding KR, Doggett K, Willoughby LF, Blanco E, Martin-Blanco E, Corominas M, Ellul J, Aigaki T, Richardson HE, Brumby AM. The BTB-zinc finger transcription factor abrupt acts as an epithelial oncogene in Drosophila melanogaster through maintaining a progenitor-like cell state. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003627. [PMID: 23874226 PMCID: PMC3715428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of tumour cells to maintain continual overgrowth potential has been linked to the commandeering of normal self-renewal pathways. Using an epithelial cancer model in Drosophila melanogaster, we carried out an overexpression screen for oncogenes capable of cooperating with the loss of the epithelial apico-basal cell polarity regulator, scribbled (scrib), and identified the cell fate regulator, Abrupt, a BTB-zinc finger protein. Abrupt overexpression alone is insufficient to transform cells, but in cooperation with scrib loss of function, Abrupt promotes the formation of massive tumours in the eye/antennal disc. The steroid hormone receptor coactivator, Taiman (a homologue of SRC3/AIB1), is known to associate with Abrupt, and Taiman overexpression also drives tumour formation in cooperation with the loss of Scrib. Expression arrays and ChIP-Seq indicates that Abrupt overexpression represses a large number of genes, including steroid hormone-response genes and multiple cell fate regulators, thereby maintaining cells within an epithelial progenitor-like state. The progenitor-like state is characterised by the failure to express the conserved Eyes absent/Dachshund regulatory complex in the eye disc, and in the antennal disc by the failure to express cell fate regulators that define the temporal elaboration of the appendage along the proximo-distal axis downstream of Distalless. Loss of scrib promotes cooperation with Abrupt through impaired Hippo signalling, which is required and sufficient for cooperative overgrowth with Abrupt, and JNK (Jun kinase) signalling, which is required for tumour cell migration/invasion but not overgrowth. These results thus identify a novel cooperating oncogene, identify mammalian family members of which are also known oncogenes, and demonstrate that epithelial tumours in Drosophila can be characterised by the maintenance of a progenitor-like state. Cancer is a multigenic process, involving cooperative interactions between oncogenes or tumour suppressors. In this study, in a genetic screen in the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster, for genes that cooperate with a mutation in the cell polarity (shape) regulator, scribbled (scrib), we identify a novel cooperative oncogene, abrupt. Expression of abrupt in scrib mutant tissue in the developing eye/antennal epithelium results in overgrown invasive tumours. abrupt encodes a BTB-zinc finger transcription factor, which has homology to several cancer-causing proteins in humans, such as BCL6. Analysis of the Abrupt targets and misexpressed genes in abrupt expressing-tissue and abrupt-expressing scrib mutant tumours, revealed cell fate regulators as a major class of targets. Thus, our results reveal that deregulation of multiple cell fate factors by Abrupt expression in the context of polarity disruption is associated with a progenitor-like cell state and the formation of overgrown invasive tumours. Our findings suggest that defective polarity may also be a critical factor in BTB-zinc finger-driven human cancers, and warrants further investigation into this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezaket Turkel
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Virender K. Sahota
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Bolden
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen R. Goulding
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee F. Willoughby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Departament de Genètica i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corominas
- Departament de Genètica i Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jason Ellul
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiro Aigaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helena E. Richardson
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony M. Brumby
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Doggett K, Grusche FA, Richardson HE, Brumby AM. Loss of the Drosophila cell polarity regulator Scribbled promotes epithelial tissue overgrowth and cooperation with oncogenic Ras-Raf through impaired Hippo pathway signaling. BMC Dev Biol 2011; 11:57. [PMID: 21955824 PMCID: PMC3206446 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial neoplasias are associated with alterations in cell polarity and excessive cell proliferation, yet how these neoplastic properties are related to one another is still poorly understood. The study of Drosophila genes that function as neoplastic tumor suppressors by regulating both of these properties has significant potential to clarify this relationship. Results Here we show in Drosophila that loss of Scribbled (Scrib), a cell polarity regulator and neoplastic tumor suppressor, results in impaired Hippo pathway signaling in the epithelial tissues of both the eye and wing imaginal disc. scrib mutant tissue overgrowth, but not the loss of cell polarity, is dependent upon defective Hippo signaling and can be rescued by knockdown of either the TEAD/TEF family transcription factor Scalloped or the transcriptional coactivator Yorkie in the eye disc, or reducing levels of Yorkie in the wing disc. Furthermore, loss of Scrib sensitizes tissue to transformation by oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling, and Yorkie-Scalloped activity is required to promote this cooperative tumor overgrowth. The inhibition of Hippo signaling in scrib mutant eye disc clones is not dependent upon JNK activity, but can be significantly rescued by reducing aPKC kinase activity, and ectopic aPKC activity is sufficient to impair Hippo signaling in the eye disc, even when JNK signaling is blocked. In contrast, warts mutant overgrowth does not require aPKC activity. Moreover, reducing endogenous levels of aPKC or increasing Scrib or Lethal giant larvae levels does not promote increased Hippo signaling, suggesting that aPKC activity is not normally rate limiting for Hippo pathway activity. Epistasis experiments suggest that Hippo pathway inhibition in scrib mutants occurs, at least in part, downstream or in parallel to both the Expanded and Fat arms of Hippo pathway regulation. Conclusions Loss of Scrib promotes Yorkie/Scalloped-dependent epithelial tissue overgrowth, and this is also important for driving cooperative tumor overgrowth with oncogenic Ras-Raf signaling. Whether this is also the case in human cancers now warrants investigation since the cell polarity function of Scrib and its capacity to restrain oncogene-mediated transformation, as well as the tissue growth control function of the Hippo pathway, are conserved in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Doggett
- Cell Cycle and Development Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 7 St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Jiang J, Benson E, Bausek N, Doggett K, White-Cooper H. Tombola, a tesmin/TSO1-family protein, regulates transcriptional activation in the Drosophila male germline and physically interacts with always early. Development 2007; 134:1549-59. [PMID: 17360778 PMCID: PMC2229809 DOI: 10.1242/dev.000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During male gametogenesis, a developmentally regulated and cell type-specific transcriptional programme is activated in primary spermatocytes to prepare for differentiation of sperm. The Drosophila aly-class meiotic-arrest loci (aly, comr, achi/vis and topi) are essential for activation of transcription of many differentiation-specific genes, and several genes important for meiotic cell cycle progression, thus linking meiotic divisions to cellular differentiation during spermatogenesis. Protein interaction studies suggest that the aly-class gene products form a chromatin-associated complex in primary spermatocytes. We identify, clone and characterise a new aly-class meiotic-arrest gene, tombola (tomb), which encodes a testis-specific CXC-domain protein that interacts with Aly. The tomb mutant phenotype is more like that of aly and comr mutants than that of achi/vis or topi mutants in terms of target gene profile and chromosome morphology. tomb encodes a chromatin-associated protein required for localisation of Aly and Comr, but not Topi, to chromatin Reciprocally, aly and comr, but not topi or achi/vis, are required to maintain the normal localisation of Tomb. tomb and aly might be components of a complex paralogous to the Drosophila dREAM/Myb-MuvB and C. elegans DRM transcriptional regulatory complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Jiang
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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14
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Lyons PA, Koukoulaki M, Hatton A, Doggett K, Woffendin HB, Chaudhry AN, Smith KGC. Microarray analysis of human leucocyte subsets: the advantages of positive selection and rapid purification. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:64. [PMID: 17338817 PMCID: PMC1828063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For expression profiling to have a practical impact in the management of immune-related disease it is essential that it can be applied to peripheral blood cells. Early studies have used total peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and as a consequence the majority of the disease-related signatures identified have simply reflected differences in the relative abundance of individual cell types between patients and controls. To identify cell-specific changes in transcription it would be necessary to profile purified leucocyte subsets. Results We have used sequential rounds of positive selection to isolate CD4 and CD8 T cells, CD19 B cells, CD14 monocytes and CD16 neutrophils for microarray analysis from a single blood sample. We compared gene expression in cells isolated in parallel using either positive or negative selection and demonstrate that there are no significant consistent changes due to positive selection, and that the far inferior results obtained by negative selection are largely due to reduced purity. Finally, we demonstrate that storing cells prior to separation leads to profound changes in expression, predominantly in cells of the myeloid lineage. Conclusion Leukocyte subsets should be prepared for microarray analysis by rapid positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Maria Koukoulaki
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Alexander Hatton
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Karen Doggett
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Hayley B Woffendin
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Afzal N Chaudhry
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
| | - Kenneth GC Smith
- Department of Medicine, and Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
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