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Zhang Y, Wang C, Li JJ. Revisiting the role of mesenchymal stromal cells in cancer initiation, metastasis and immunosuppression. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:64. [PMID: 38951845 PMCID: PMC11218091 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) necessitates a thorough understanding of intricate cellular interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a pivotal role in cancer generation, progression, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Within the TME, MSCs encompass both resident and circulating counterparts that dynamically communicate and actively participate in TME immunosurveillance and response to ICB. This review aims to reevaluate various facets of MSCs, including their potential self-transformation to function as cancer-initiating cells and contributions to the creation of a conducive environment for tumor proliferation and metastasis. Additionally, we explore the immune regulatory functions of tumor-associated MSCs (TA-MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) with analysis of potential connections between circulating and tissue-resident MSCs. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of MSC-immune cell communication and the heterogeneous cargo of tumor-educated versus naïve MSCs may unveil a new MSC-mediated immunosuppressive pathway that can be targeted to enhance cancer control by ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jian Jian Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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2
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Laval PA, Piecyk M, Guen PL, Ilie MD, Marion A, Fauvre J, Coste I, Renno T, Aznar N, Hadji C, Migdal C, Duret C, Bertolino P, Ferraro-Peyret C, Nicolas A, Chaveroux C. Soft extracellular matrix drives endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent S quiescence underlying molecular traits of pulmonary basal cells. Acta Biomater 2024; 182:93-110. [PMID: 38788988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture on soft matrix, either in 2D and 3D, preserves the characteristics of progenitors. However, the mechanism by which the mechanical microenvironment determines progenitor phenotype, and its relevance to human biology, remains poorly described. Here we designed multi-well hydrogel plates with a high degree of physico-chemical uniformity to reliably address the molecular mechanism underlying cell state modification driven by physiological stiffness. Cell cycle, differentiation and metabolic activity could be studied in parallel assays, showing that the soft environment promotes an atypical S-phase quiescence and prevents cell drift, while preserving the differentiation capacities of human bronchoepithelial cells. These softness-sensitive responses are associated with calcium leakage from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and defects in proteostasis and enhanced basal ER stress. The analysis of available single cell data of the human lung also showed that this non-conventional state coming from the soft extracellular environment is indeed consistent with molecular feature of pulmonary basal cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that mechanical mimicry in 2D culture supports allows to maintain progenitor cells in a state of high physiological relevance for characterizing the molecular events that govern progenitor biology in human tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study focuses on the molecular mechanism behind the progenitor state induced by a soft environment. Using innovative hydrogel supports mimicking normal human lung stiffness, the data presented demonstrate that lung mechanics prevent drift while preserving the differentiation capabilities of lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, we show that the cells are positioned in a quiescent state in the atypical S phase. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this quiescence: i) is driven by calcium leakage from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and basal activation of the PERK branch of ER stress signalling, and ii) protects cells from lethal ER stress caused by metabolic stress. Finally, we validate using human single-cell data that these molecular features identified on the soft matrix are found in basal lung cells. Our results reveal original and relevant molecular mechanisms orchestrating cell fate in a soft environment and resistance to exogenous stresses, thus providing new fundamental and clinical insights into basal cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Laval
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Piecyk
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Paul Le Guen
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mirela-Diana Ilie
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Endocrinology Department, "C.I.Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aubepart Marion
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Joelle Fauvre
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Coste
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Cedric Duret
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Ferraro-Peyret
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Plateforme AURAGEN, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Laboratory of Technology of Microelectronics, Grenoble, France
| | - Cedric Chaveroux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
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3
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Kim HY, Kim HS. Podoplanin depletion in tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells induces cellular senescence via regulation of the p16 Ink4a/Rb pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:323. [PMID: 38867259 PMCID: PMC11167904 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in the development of therapeutic tools in regenerative medicine. However, their quality decreases during in vitro expansion because of heterogeneity and acquired cellular senescence. We investigated the potential role of podoplanin (PDPN) in minimizing cellular senescence and maintaining the stemness of tonsil-derived MSCs (TMSCs). METHODS TMSCs were isolated from human tonsil tissues using an enzymatic method, expanded, and divided into two groups: early-passaged TMSCs, which were cultured for 3-7 passages, and late-passaged TMSCs, which were passaged more than 15 times. The TMSCs were evaluated for cellular senescence and MSC characteristics, and PDPN-positive and -negative cells were identified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. In addition, MSC features were assessed in siRNA-mediated PDPN-depleted TMSCs. RESULTS TMSCs, when passaged more than 15 times and becoming senescent, exhibited reduced proliferative rates, telomere length, pluripotency marker (NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2) expression, and tri-lineage differentiation potential (adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, or osteogenesis) compared to cells passaged less than five times. Furthermore, PDPN protein levels significantly decreased in a passage-dependent manner. PDPN-positive cells maintained their stemness characteristics, such as MSC-specific surface antigen (CD14, CD34, CD45, CD73, CD90, and CD105) and pluripotency marker expression, and exhibited higher tri-lineage differentiation potential than PDPN-negative cells. SiRNA-mediated silencing of PDPN led to decreased cell-cycle progression, proliferation, and migration, indicating the significance of PDPN as a preliminary senescence-related factor. These reductions directly contributed to the induction of cellular senescence via p16Ink4a/Rb pathway activation. CONCLUSION PDPN may serve as a novel biomarker to mitigate cellular senescence in the clinical application of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yeong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Su Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
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Almeria C, Weiss R, Keck M, Weber V, Kasper C, Egger D. Dynamic cultivation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for the production of extracellular vesicles in a 3D bioreactor system. Biotechnol Lett 2024; 46:279-293. [PMID: 38349512 PMCID: PMC10902030 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03465-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE 3D cell culture and hypoxia have been demonstrated to increase the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, a process for the production of MSC-EVs in a novel 3D bioreactor system under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was established and the resulting EVs were characterized. METHODS Human adipose-derived MSCs were seeded and cultured on a 3D membrane in the VITVO® bioreactor system for 7 days. Afterwards, MSC-EVs were isolated and characterized via fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry with staining against annexin V (Anx5) as a marker for EVs exposing phosphatidylserine, as well as CD73 and CD90 as MSC surface markers. RESULTS Cultivation of MSC in the VITVO® bioreactor system demonstrated a higher concentration of MSC-EVs from the 3D bioreactor (9.1 × 109 ± 1.5 × 109 and 9.7 × 109 ± 3.1 × 109 particles/mL) compared to static 2D culture (4.2 × 109 ± 7.5 × 108 and 3.9 × 109 ± 3.0 × 108 particles/mL) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, respectively. Also, the particle-to-protein ratio as a measure for the purity of EVs increased from 3.3 × 107 ± 1.1 × 107 particles/µg protein in 2D to 1.6 × 108 ± 8.3 × 106 particles/µg protein in 3D. Total MSC-EVs as well as CD73-CD90+ MSC-EVs were elevated in 2D normoxic conditions. The EV concentration and size did not differ significantly between normoxic and hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The production of MSC-EVs in a 3D bioreactor system under hypoxic conditions resulted in increased EV concentration and purity. This system could be especially useful in screening culture conditions for the production of 3D-derived MSC-EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarra Almeria
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Weiss
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Maike Keck
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Weber
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Biomedical Research, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Taeb S, Rostamzadeh D, Mafi S, Mofatteh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Safari A, Khodamoradi E, Najafi M. Update on Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Crucial Player in Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:98-113. [PMID: 36573062 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666221226143814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy has spread, and it has made tremendous progress with the advancement of new technology. Immunotherapy, which serves to assist the natural defenses of the body in eradicating cancerous cells, is a remarkable achievement that has revolutionized both cancer research and cancer treatments. Currently, the use of stem cells in immunotherapy is widespread and shares a special characteristic, including cancer cell migration, bioactive component release, and immunosuppressive activity. In the context of cancer, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are rapidly being identified as vital stromal regulators of tumor progression. MSCs therapy has been implicated in treating a wide range of diseases, including bone damage, autoimmune diseases, and particularly hematopoietic abnormalities, providing stem cell-based therapy with an extra dimension. Moreover, the implication of MSCs does not have ethical concerns, and the complications known in pluripotent and totipotent stem cells are less common in MSCs. MSCs have a lot of distinctive characteristics that, when coupled, make them excellent for cellular-based immunotherapy and as vehicles for gene and drug delivery in a variety of inflammations and malignancies. MSCs can migrate to the inflammatory site and exert immunomodulatory responses via cell-to-cell contacts with lymphocytes by generating soluble substances. In the current review, we discuss the most recent research on the immunological characteristics of MSCs, their use as immunomodulatory carriers, techniques for approving MSCs to adjust their immunological contour, and their usages as vehicles for delivering therapeutic as well as drugs and genes engineered to destroy tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Taeb
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sahar Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mofatteh
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
- Lincoln College, University of Oxford, Turl Street, Oxford OX1 3DR, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Safari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Khodamoradi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abouzid MR, Ali K, Kamel I, Esteghamati S, Saleh A, Ghanim M. The Safety and Efficacy of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients With Heart Failure and Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Cureus 2023; 15:e49645. [PMID: 38033439 PMCID: PMC10686683 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (HUC-MSCs) may be useful in treating heart failure and acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the effects of stem cell therapy on patients with heart failure remain the subject of ongoing controversy, and the safety and effectiveness of HUC-MSCs therapy have not yet been proven. To date, there has been no systematic overview and meta-analysis of clinical studies using HUC-MSCs therapy for heart failure and MI. The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of HUC-MSC therapy versus a placebo in patients with heart failure and MI. While preparing this systematic review and meta-analysis, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A computer literature search of PubMed was performed. We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that reported data on the safety and efficacy of HUC-MSC transplantation in patients with heart failure and MI. Two investigators independently searched the literature, extracted data, and rated the quality of the included research. Pooled data were analyzed using the fixed-effect model or the random-effect model in Review Manager 5.3. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias of included studies. The primary outcome was ejection fraction (EF), whereas the secondary outcomes were readmission and mortality rates. Three RCTs (201 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The overall effect did not favor either of the two groups in terms of risk of readmission (risk ratio = 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.22-1.15, p = 0.10) as well as mortality rate (risk ratio = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.14-1.44, p = 0.18). However, there was an improvement in EF in patients who received HUC-MSCs compared to placebo after 12 months of transplantation (mean difference (MD) = 3.21, 95% CI = 2.91-3.51, p < 0.00001). At the six-month follow-up period, there was no significant improvement in EF (MD = 1.30, 95% CI = -1.94-4.54), p = 0.43), indicating that the duration of follow-up can shape the response to therapy. Our findings indicate that HUC-MSC transplantation can improve EF but has no meaningful effect on readmission or mortality rates. Existing evidence is insufficient to confirm the efficacy of HUC-MSCs for broader therapeutic applications. Therefore, additional double-blind RCTs with larger sample sizes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Abouzid
- Internal Medicine, Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, USA
| | - Karim Ali
- Internal Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ibrahim Kamel
- Internal Medicine, Steward Carney Hospital, Boston, USA
| | | | - Amr Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGY
| | - Mohammed Ghanim
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, ARE
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Baron M, Drohat P, Crawford B, Hornicek FJ, Best TM, Kouroupis D. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Immunomodulatory and Bone Regeneration Potential after Tumor Excision in Osteosarcoma Patients. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1187. [PMID: 37892917 PMCID: PMC10604230 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of bone cancer that is derived from primitive mesenchymal cells typically affecting children and young adults. The current standard of treatment is a combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection of the cancerous bone. Post-resection challenges in bone regeneration arise. To determine the appropriate amount of bone to be removed, preoperative imaging techniques such as bone and CT scans are employed. To prevent local recurrence, the current standard of care suggests maintaining bony and soft tissue margins from 3 to 7 cm beyond the tumor. The amount of bone removed in an OS patient leaves too large of a deficit for bone to form on its own and requires reconstruction with metal implants or allografts. Both methods require the bone to heal, either to the implant or across the allograft junction, often in the setting of marrow-killing chemotherapy. Therefore, the issue of bone regeneration within the surgically resected margins remains an important challenge for the patient, family, and treating providers. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are potential agents for enhancing bone regeneration post tumor resection. MSCs, used with scaffolds and growth factors, show promise in fostering bone regeneration in OS cases. We spotlight two MSC types-bone marrow-derived (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived (ASCs)-highlighting their bone regrowth facilitation and immunomodulatory effects on immune cells like macrophages and T cells, enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The objective of this review is two-fold: review work demonstrating any ability of MSCs to target the deranged immune system in the OS microenvironment, and synthesize the available literature on the use of MSCs as a therapeutic option for stimulating bone regrowth in OS patients post bone resection. When it comes to repairing bone defects, both MB-MSCs and ASCs hold great potential for stimulating bone regeneration. Research has showcased their effectiveness in reconstructing bone defects while maintaining a non-tumorigenic role following wide resection of bone tumors, underscoring their capability to enhance bone healing and regeneration following tumor excisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Baron
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Philip Drohat
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Brooke Crawford
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Francis J. Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (B.C.); (F.J.H.)
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA; (M.B.); (P.D.); (T.M.B.)
- Diabetes Research Institute, Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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8
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Wright A, Snyder OL, He H, Christenson LK, Fleming S, Weiss ML. Procoagulant Activity of Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-EVs). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119216. [PMID: 37298168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell types, including cancer cells, release tissue factor (TF)-exposing extracellular vesicles (EVs). It is unknown whether MSC-EVs pose a thromboembolism risk due to TF expression. Knowing that MSCs express TF and are procoagulant, we hypothesize that MSC-EVs also might. Here, we examined the expression of TF and the procoagulant activity of MSC-EVs and the impact of EV isolation methods and cell culture expansion on EV yield, characterization, and potential risk using a design of experiments methodology. MSC-EVs were found to express TF and have procoagulant activity. Thus, when MSC-derived EVs are employed as a therapeutic agent, one might consider TF, procoagulant activity, and thromboembolism risk and take steps to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Orman Larry Snyder
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lane K Christenson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sherry Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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9
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Mehrabani M, Mohammadyar S, Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Ahmadi B, Nematollahi MH, Mirtajaddini Goki M, Bahrampour Juybari K, Amirkhosravi A. Boosting therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary fibrosis: The role of genetic modification and preconditioning strategies. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1001-1015. [PMID: 37605719 PMCID: PMC10440137 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69023.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end stage of severe lung diseases, in which the lung parenchyma is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The result is a remarkable reduction in pulmonary compliance, which may lead to respiratory failure and even death. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most prevalent form of PF, with no reasonable etiology. However, some factors are believed to be behind the etiology of PF, including prolonged administration of several medications (e.g., bleomycin and amiodarone), environmental contaminant exposure (e.g., gases, asbestos, and silica), and certain systemic diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus). Despite significant developments in the diagnostic approach to PF in the last few years, efforts to find more effective treatments remain challenging. With their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties, stem cells may provide a promising approach for treating a broad spectrum of fibrotic conditions. However, they may lose their biological functions after long-term in vitro culture or exposure to harsh in vivo situations. To overcome these limitations, numerous modification techniques, such as genetic modification, preconditioning, and optimization of cultivation methods for stem cell therapy, have been adopted. Herein, we summarize the previous investigations that have been designed to assess the effects of stem cell preconditioning or genetic modification on the regenerative capacity of stem cells in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sohaib Mohammadyar
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bahareh Ahmadi
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | - Kobra Bahrampour Juybari
- Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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Chinnadurai R. Advanced Technologies for Potency Assay Measurement. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:81-95. [PMID: 37258785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Crucial for their application, cell products need to be well-characterized in the cell manufacturing facilities and conform to regulatory approval criteria before infusion into the patients. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are the leading cell therapy candidate in clinical trials worldwide. Early phase clinical trials have demonstrated that MSCs display an excellent safety profile and are well tolerated. However, MSCs have also exhibited contradictory efficacy in later-phase clinical trials with reasons for this discrepancy including poorly understood mechanism of MSC therapeutic action. With likelihood that a number of attributes are involved in MSC derived clinical benefit, an assay that measures a single quality of may not adequately reflect potency, thus a combination of bioassays and analytical methods, collectively called "assay matrix" are favoured for defining the potency of MSC more adequately. This chapter highlights advanced technologies and targets that can achieve quantitative measurement for a range of MSC attributes, including immunological, genomic, secretome, phosphorylation, morphological, biomaterial, angiogenic and metabolic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
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11
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Sekelova T, Danisovic L, Cehakova M. Rejuvenation of Senescent Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Prevent Age-Related Changes in Synovial Joints. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231200065. [PMID: 37766590 PMCID: PMC10540599 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231200065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal/medicinal stem/signaling cells (MSCs), well known for regenerative potential, have been involved in hundreds of clinical trials. Even if equipped with reparative properties, aging significantly decreases their biological activity, representing a major challenge for MSC-based therapies. Age-related joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, are associated with the accumulation of senescent cells, including synovial MSCs. An impaired ability of MSCs to self-renew and differentiate is one of the main contributors to the human aging process. Moreover, senescent MSCs (sMSCs) are characterized by the senescence-messaging secretome (SMS), which is typically manifested by the release of molecules with an adverse effect. Many factors, from genetic and metabolic pathways to environmental stressors, participate in the regulation of the senescent phenotype of MSCs. To better understand cellular senescence in MSCs, this review discusses the characteristics of sMSCs, their role in cartilage and synovial joint aging, and current rejuvenation approaches to delay/reverse age-related pathological changes, providing evidence from in vivo experiments as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Sekelova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Cehakova
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piestany, Slovakia
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Rizvi SFA, Wasim B, Usman S, Borges KJJ, Sahibdad I, Salim A, Khan I. Zinc and hypoxic preconditioning: a strategy to enhance the functionality and therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2735-2749. [PMID: 35610401 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) requires a large number of cells (1-100 × 106 cells/kg of body weight). Extensive in vitro growth is limited due to the aging of cultured BM-MSCs which leads to abnormal morphology and senescence. Hypoxia increases BM-MSC proliferation, but the question of whether hypoxia preconditioning is safe for clinical application of BM-MSCs remains to be answered. Zinc is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation, especially for the regulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis. It is a structural constituent of numerous proteins on a molecular level, including transcription factors and enzymes of cellular signaling machinery. All the tissues, fluids, and organs of the human body contain zinc. More than 95% of zinc is intracellular, of which 44% is involved in the transcription of DNA. We investigated the effects of ZnCl2 on proliferation, morphology, migration, population doubling time (PDT), and gene expression of BM-MSCs under hypoxic (1% O2) and normoxic (21% O2) environments. BM-MSCs were preconditioned with optimized concentrations of ZnCl2 under normoxic and hypoxic environments and further examined for morphology by the phase-contrast inverted microscope, cell proliferation by MTT assay, PDT, cell migration ability, and gene expression analysis. Zinc significantly enhanced the proliferation of BM-MSCs, and it decreases PDT under hypoxic and normoxic environments as compared to control cells. Migration of BM-MSCs toward the site of injury increased and expression of HIF1-α significantly decreased under hypoxic conditions as compared to non-treated hypoxic cells and control. At late passages (P9), the morphology of normoxic BM-MSCs was transformed into large, wide, and flat cells, and they became polygonal and lost their communication with other cells. Conversely, zinc-preconditioned BM-MSCs retained their spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like morphology at P9. The expression of proliferative genes was found significantly upregulated, while downregulation of genes OCT4 and CCNA2 was observed in zinc-treated BM-MSCs under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. ZnCl2 treatment can be used for extensive expansion of BM-MSCs in aged populations to obtain a large number of cells required for systemic administration to produce therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi
- Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur at Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Larkana, Larkana, 77150, Pakistan.,Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 74700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Wasim
- Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 74700, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Iqra Sahibdad
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Asmat Salim
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan. .,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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13
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Hohenwallner K, Troppmair N, Panzenboeck L, Kasper C, El Abiead Y, Koellensperger G, Lamp LM, Hartler J, Egger D, Rampler E. Decoding Distinct Ganglioside Patterns of Native and Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells by a Novel Glycolipidomics Profiling Strategy. JACS AU 2022; 2:2466-2480. [PMID: 36465531 PMCID: PMC9709940 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are an indispensable glycolipid class concentrated on cell surfaces with a critical role in stem cell differentiation. Nonetheless, owing to the lack of suitable methods for scalable analysis covering the full scope of ganglioside molecular diversity, their mechanistic properties in signaling and differentiation remain undiscovered to a large extent. This work introduces a sensitive and comprehensive ganglioside assay based on liquid chromatography, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and multistage fragmentation. Complemented by an open-source data evaluation workflow, we provide automated in-depth lipid species-level and molecular species-level annotation based on decision rule sets for all major ganglioside classes. Compared to conventional state-of-the-art methods, the presented ganglioside assay offers (1) increased sensitivity, (2) superior structural elucidation, and (3) the possibility to detect novel ganglioside species. A major reason for the highly improved sensitivity is the optimized spectral readout based on the unique capability of two parallelizable mass analyzers for multistage fragmentation. We demonstrated the high-throughput universal capability of our novel analytical strategy by identifying 254 ganglioside species. As a proof of concept, 137 unique gangliosides were annotated in native and differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells including 78 potential cell-state-specific markers and 38 previously unreported gangliosides. A general increase of the ganglioside numbers upon differentiation was observed as well as cell-state-specific clustering based on the ganglioside species patterns. The combination of the developed glycolipidomics assay with the extended automated annotation tool enables comprehensive in-depth ganglioside characterization as shown on biological samples of interest. Our results suggest ganglioside patterns as a promising quality control tool for stem cells and their differentiation products. Additionally, we believe that our analytical workflow paves the way for probing glycolipid-based biochemical processes shedding light on the enigmatic processes of gangliosides and glycolipids in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hohenwallner
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Nina Troppmair
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Lisa Panzenboeck
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Yasin El Abiead
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Leonida M. Lamp
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth − University
of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute
of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna 1190, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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14
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Lian XF, Lu DH, Liu HL, Liu YJ, Han XQ, Yang Y, Lin Y, Zeng QX, Huang ZJ, Xie F, Huang CH, Wu HM, Long AM, Deng LP, Zhang F. Effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:877-887. [PMID: 36312002 PMCID: PMC9606793 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction is a fundamental part of the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Cellular therapies offer novel opportunities for the treatment of T2DM to improve the function of islet β-cells.
AIM To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) infusion in T2DM treatment.
METHODS Sixteen patients were enrolled and received 1 × 106 cells/kg per week for 3 wk as intravenous hUC-MSC infusion. The effectiveness was evaluated by assessing fasting blood glucose, C-peptide, normal glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance index (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), and islet β-cell function (homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function). The dosage of hypoglycemic agents and safety were evaluated by monitoring the occurrence of any adverse events (AEs).
RESULTS During the entire intervention period, the fasting plasma glucose level was significantly reduced [baseline: 9.3400 (8.3575, 11.7725), day 14 ± 3: 6.5200 (5.2200, 8.6900); P < 0.01]. The HbA1c level was significantly reduced on day 84 ± 3 [baseline: 7.8000 (7.5250, 8.6750), day 84 ± 3: 7.150 (6.600, 7.925); P < 0.01]. The patients’ islet β-cell function was significantly improved on day 28 ± 3 of intervention [baseline: 29.90 (16.43, 37.40), day 28 ± 3: 40.97 (19.27, 56.36); P < 0.01]. The dosage of hypoglycemic agents was reduced in all patients, of whom 6 (50%) had a decrement of more than 50% and 1 (6.25%) discontinued the hypoglycemic agents. Four patients had transient fever, which occurred within 24 h after the second or third infusion. One patient (2.08%) had asymptomatic nocturnal hypoglycemia after infusion on day 28 ± 3. No liver damage or other side effects were reported.
CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that hUC-MSC infusion can improve glycemia, restore islet β-cell function, and reduce the dosage of hypoglycemic agents without serious AEs. Thus, hUC-MSC infusion may be a novel option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fen Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Qun Han
- Department of Research & Development, Zhejiang MaiDa Gene Tech Co. Ltd, Zhoushan 316000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou 516000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng-Jie Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Hao Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Mei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Mei Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ling-Ping Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Chetty S, Yarani R, Swaminathan G, Primavera R, Regmi S, Rai S, Zhong J, Ganguly A, Thakor AS. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells—from bench to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1006295. [PMID: 36313578 PMCID: PMC9597686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have generated a lot of attention due to their paracrine and immuno-modulatory properties. mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord (UC) are becoming increasingly recognized as having increased therapeutic potential when compared to mesenchymal stromal cells from other sources. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various compartments of umbilical cord tissue from which mesenchymal stromal cells can be isolated, the differences and similarities with respect to their regenerative and immuno-modulatory properties, as well as the single cell transcriptomic profiles of in vitro expanded and freshly isolated umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential and biodistribution of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells following systemic administration while providing an overview of pre-clinical and clinical trials involving umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells and their associated secretome and extracellular vesicles (EVs). The clinical applications of umbilical cord-mesenchymal stromal cells are also discussed, especially in relation to obstacles and potential solutions for their effective translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ganesh Swaminathan
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Sravanthi Rai
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jim Zhong
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Radiology Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Stanford University, Department of Radiology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Avnesh S Thakor,
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16
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Comparative analysis of mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells isolated by two primary culture methods. Tissue Cell 2022; 76:101783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Sarvar DP, Effatpanah H, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Shamsasenjan K. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel approach in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:202. [PMID: 35578300 PMCID: PMC9109321 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. These cells affect the process through direct cell–cell contact, as well as releasing various trophic factors and extracellular vehicles (EVs) into the bone marrow microenvironment. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are prominent intercellular communication tolls enriched with broad-spectrum bioactive factors such as proteins, cytokines, lipids, miRNAs, and siRNAs. They mimic some effects of MSCs by direct fusion with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) membranes in the bone marrow (BM), thereby affecting HSC fate. MSC-EVs are attractive scope in cell-free therapy because of their unique capacity to repair BM tissue and regulate proliferation and differentiation of HSCs. These vesicles modulate the immune system responses and inhibit graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs play an influential role in the BM niches because of their unprecedented capacity to regulate HSC fate. Therefore, the existing paper intends to speculate upon the preconditioned MSC-EVs as a novel approach in HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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18
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Xue C, Li X, Ba L, Shen Y, Sun Z, Gu J, Yang Y, Han Q, Zhao RC. Irisin mediates beiging of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through binding to TRPC3. BMC Biol 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35501783 PMCID: PMC9063202 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beiging of white fat plays an important role in energy metabolism. Beige adipocytes contribute to the regulation of body weight and body temperature through expenditure of chemical energy to produce heat, and they have therefore recently attracted considerable attention as potential targets for therapeutic approaches in metabolic disorders, including obesity. All adipocytes, including beige adipocytes, differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may provide an important path for clinical intervention; however, the mechanism of beiging of human adipose cell-derived MSCs is not fully understood. Here, we provide insights on the role of IRISIN, which is known to be secreted by skeletal muscle and promote beiging of white fat. RESULTS We established an IRISIN-induced mesenchymal stem cell beiging model and found that IRISIN protein interacts with the MSC membrane protein TRPC3. This interaction results in calcium influx and consequential activation of Erk and Akt signaling pathways, which causes phosphorylation of PPARγ. The phosphorylated PPARγ enters the nucleus and binds the UCP1 promoter region. Furthermore, the role of TRPC3 in the beiging of MSCs was largely abolished in Trpc3-/- mice. We additionally demonstrate that the calcium concentration in the brain of mice increases upon IRISIN stimulation, followed by an increase in the content of excitatory amino acids and norepinephrine, while Trpc3-/- mice exhibit the reverse effect. CONCLUSIONS We found that TRPC3 is a key factor in irisin-induced beiging of MSCs, which may provide a new target pathway in addressing metabolic disorders. Our results additionally suggest that the interaction of irisin with TRPC3 may affect multiple tissues, including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Xue
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
| | - Xuechun Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Li Ba
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Shen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
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19
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Current Progress in Vascular Engineering and Its Clinical Applications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030493. [PMID: 35159302 PMCID: PMC8834640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is caused by narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is widely used for the treatment of severe CHD cases. Although autologous vessels are a preferred choice, healthy autologous vessels are not always available; hence there is a demand for tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) to be used as alternatives. However, producing clinical grade implantable TEVGs that could healthily survive in the host with long-term patency is still a great challenge. There are additional difficulties in producing small diameter (<6 mm) vascular conduits. As a result, there have not been TEVGs that are commercially available. Properties of vascular scaffolds such as tensile strength, thrombogenicity and immunogenicity are key factors that determine the biocompatibility of TEVGs. The source of vascular cells employed to produce TEVGs is a limiting factor for large-scale productions. Advanced technologies including the combined use of natural and biodegradable synthetic materials for scaffolds in conjunction with the use of mesenchyme stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide promising solutions for vascular tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to provide an update on various aspects in this field and the current status of TEVG clinical applications.
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20
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Rodina AV, Semochkina YP, Vysotskaya OV, Glukhov AI, Moskaleva EY. Features of the Response of Long-Term Cultured Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells to γ-Irradiation. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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He W, Sharma D, Jia W, Zhao F. Fabrication of a Completely Biological and Anisotropic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Vascular Graft. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2375:101-114. [PMID: 34591302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1708-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts are required to match mechanical properties as well as cellular and extracellular architecture of native blood vessels. Although various engineering technologies have been developed, the most reliable strategy highlights the needs for incorporating completely biological components and anisotropic cellular and biomolecular organization into the tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG). Based on the antithrombogenic, immunoregulatory, and regenerative properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), this chapter provides a step-by-step protocol for generating a completely biological and anisotropic TEVG that comprises of hMSCs and highly aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) nanofibers. The hMSCs were grown on an aligned nanofibrous ECM scaffold derived from an oriented human dermal fibroblast (hDF) sheet and then wrapped around a temporary mandrel to form a tubular assembly, followed by a maturation process in a rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor. The resulting TEVG demonstrates anisotropic structural and mechanical properties similar to that of native blood vessels. A completely biological, anisotropic, and mechanically strong TEVG that incorporates immunoregulatory hMSCs is promising to meet the urgent needs of a surgical intervention for bypass grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilue He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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22
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Wang S, Wang Z, Su H, Chen F, Ma M, Yu W, Ye G, Cen S, Mi R, Wu X, Deng W, Feng P, Zeng C, Shen H, Wu Y. Effects of long-term culture on the biological characteristics and RNA profiles of human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:557-574. [PMID: 34631285 PMCID: PMC8479280 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Expansion in vitro prior to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) application is a necessary process. Functional and genomic stability has a crucial role in stem-cell-based therapies. However, the exact expression and co-expressed profiles of coding and non-coding RNAs in human bone marrow (BM)-MSCs in vitro aging are still lacking. In the present studies, the change of morphology, immunophenotype, and capacity of proliferation, differentiation, and immunoregulation of MSCs at passage (P) 4, P6, P8, P10, and P12 were investigated. RNA sequencing identified that 439 mRNAs, 65 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 59 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 229 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were differentially expressed (DE) in P12 compared with P4, with a similar trend in P6. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified several significant biological processes and pathways, including binding, ossification, and Wnt and PPAR signaling pathways. Interaction and co-expression/localization analyses were performed for DE mRNAs and lncRNAs, and several key lncRNAs, circRNAs, and important pathways like autophagy and mitophagy were identified in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Some key RNAs found in the bioinformatics analysis were validated. Our studies indicate that replicative senescence of MSCs is a continuous process, including widespread alterations in biological characteristics and global gene expression patterns that need to be considered before therapeutic applications of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Su
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Fenglei Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Guiwen Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shuizhong Cen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical Universuty, Guangzhou 510280, P.R. China
| | - Rujia Mi
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wen Deng
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Pei Feng
- Center for Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chenying Zeng
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
| | - Huiyong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Wu
- Center for Biotherapy, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, P.R. China
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23
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Rodriguez-Echeverri C, Bonilla-Porras A, Gonzalez A. Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: New Immunological Roles During Fungal Infections. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:1049-1055. [PMID: 34514808 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells are characterized not only by their regenerative and immunomodulatory capacity but also by their therapeutic potential in various pathologies that include hematological malignancies, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, among others. However, these cells seem to play a paradoxical role during the development of the immune response in some infectious diseases. As an example, Candida albicans can induce the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progenitors, a process known as emergency hematopoiesis. Moreover, Aspergillus fumigatus and C. albicans, once recognized by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), can induce an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory profile, respectively, and, in turn, these cells can inhibit the growth of these fungal pathogens. Additionally, the transplantation of MSCs, in an experimental pulmonary model of paracoccidioidomycosis, has been shown to exacerbate the inflammatory response. More recently, in vitro studies have shown that MSCs recognize Paracoccidioides brasiliensis through a mechanism mediated by toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and Dectin-1, which, in turn, induces a proinflammatory profile. This review describes the main mechanisms and immunomodulatory properties of HSCs and MSCs during infections caused by some medically important fungal pathogens described so far in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodriguez-Echeverri
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angelica Bonilla-Porras
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Angel Gonzalez
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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24
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Egger D, Lavrentieva A, Kugelmeier P, Kasper C. Physiologic isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for manufacturing of cell‐based therapy products. Eng Life Sci 2021; 22:361-372. [PMID: 35382547 PMCID: PMC8961040 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilization of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells raises new hopes in treatment of diseases and pathological conditions, while at the same time bringing immense challenges for researchers, manufacturers and physicians. It is essential to consider all steps along the in vitro fabrication of cell‐based products in order to reach efficient and reproducible treatment outcomes. Here, the optimal protocols for isolation, cultivation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells are required. In this review we discuss these aspects and their influence on the final cell‐based product quality. We demonstrate that physiological in vitro cell cultivation conditions play a crucial role in therapeutic functionalities of cultivated cells. We show that three‐dimensional cell culture, dynamic culture conditions and physiologically relevant in vitro oxygen concentrations during isolation and expansion make a decisive contribution towards the improvement of cell‐based products in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Egger
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
| | - Antonina Lavrentieva
- Institute of Technical Chemistry Leibniz University of Hannover Hannover Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Kasper
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Science Vienna Austria
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25
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Mohammed SA, Abd Elsattar M, Abd-Allah SH, Habashy OY, Abdelghany EMA, Hussein S, Abdullah O. Effect of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Healing of Bone Fractures. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:336-346. [PMID: 34543130 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on bone healing and to assess the role of various chemical stimulants and mediators in healing. Forty female mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (10 mice each) after the induction of fixed fractures: group I: received fixation only; group II: received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); group III: received intralesion MSCs (IL-MSCs); and group IV: received intraperitoneal MSCs (IP-MSCs). Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the expression of the osteocalcin (OCN), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) genes were measured. ALP reached baseline level only in IL-MSCs, whereas OCN reached baseline level in MSCs recipients (IL-MSCs and IP-MSCs). BMP-2 significantly increased in MSCs recipients 3 weeks postfracture and increased in all groups 8 weeks postfracture with significant increases in MSC recipients than the fixation and PBS groups. The highest BMP-2 expression was reached in IL-MSC group. MSCs either locally or systemically improves or accelerates the healing of bone fractures with better results obtained after local injection, as shown by biochemical, radiological, and histological findings. MSCs are effective candidates for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzan Ali Mohammed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mahasen Abd Elsattar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Somia Hassan Abd-Allah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omnia Youssif Habashy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman M A Abdelghany
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samia Hussein
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Omnia Abdullah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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26
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Calcat-i-Cervera S, Sanz-Nogués C, O'Brien T. When Origin Matters: Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Different Sources for Clinical Translation in Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:728496. [PMID: 34616756 PMCID: PMC8488400 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.728496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) offer new prospects to improve the treatment of conditions with unmet medical needs. Kidney diseases are a current major health concern with an increasing global prevalence. Chronic renal failure appears after many years of impairment, which opens a temporary window to apply novel therapeutic approaches to delay or halt disease progression. The immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have sparked interest for their use in cell-based regenerative therapies. Currently, several early-phase clinical trials have been completed and many are ongoing to explore MSC safety and efficacy in a wide range of nephropathies. However, one of the current roadblocks to the clinical translation of MSC therapies relates to the lack of standardization and harmonization of MSC manufacturing protocols, which currently hinders inter-study comparability. Studies have shown that cell culture processing variables can have significant effects on MSC phenotype and functionality, and these are highly variable across laboratories. In addition, heterogeneity within MSC populations is another obstacle. Furthermore, MSCs may be isolated from several sources which adds another variable to the comparative assessment of outcomes. There is now a growing body of literature highlighting unique and distinctive properties of MSCs according to the tissue origin, and that characteristics such as donor, age, sex and underlying medical conditions may alter the therapeutic effect of MSCs. These variables must be taken into consideration when developing a cell therapy product. Having an optimal scale-up strategy for MSC manufacturing is critical for ensuring product quality while minimizing costs and time of production, as well as avoiding potential risks. Ideally, optimal scale-up strategies must be carefully considered and identified during the early stages of development, as making changes later in the bioprocess workflow will require re-optimization and validation, which may have a significant long-term impact on the cost of the therapy. This article provides a summary of important cell culture processing variables to consider in the scale-up of MSC manufacturing as well as giving a comprehensive review of tissue of origin-specific biological characteristics of MSCs and their use in current clinical trials in a range of renal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), CÚRAM, Biomedical Science Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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27
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Herman S, Fishel I, Offen D. Intranasal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of neurological diseases. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1589-1600. [PMID: 34520591 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a progressive degeneration of cells and deficiencies in neural functions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising therapy for diseases and disorders of the CNS. Increasing evidence suggests that their beneficial abilities can be attributed to their paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Administration of EVs that contain a mixture of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, resembling the secretome of MSCs, has been shown to mimic most of the effects of the parental cells. Moreover, the small size and safety profile of EVs provide a number of advantages over cell transplantation. Intranasal (IN) administration of EVs has been established as an effective and reliable way to bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to the CNS. In addition to pharmacological drugs, EVs can be loaded with a diverse range of cargo designed to modulate gene expression and protein functions in recipient cells, and lead to immunomodulation, neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and degradation of protein aggregates. In this review, we will explore the proposed physiological pathways by which EVs migrate through the nasal route to the CNS where they can actively target a region of injury or inflammation and exert their therapeutic effects. We will summarize the functional outcomes observed in animal models of neurological diseases following IN treatment with MSC-derived EVs. We will also examine key mechanisms that have been suggested to mediate the beneficial effects of EV-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Herman
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Fishel
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Offen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Characterization of Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis of Human Decellularized Allogeneic Bone with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Wharton's Jelly. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168987. [PMID: 34445692 PMCID: PMC8396436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic bone grafts are a promising material for bone implantation due to reduced operative trauma, reduced blood loss, and no donor-site morbidity. Although human decellularized allogeneic bone (hDCB) can be used to fill bone defects, the research of revitalizing hDCB blocks with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for osteochondral regeneration is missing. The hMSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and Wharton’s jelly (BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UMSCs, respectively) are potential candidates for bone regeneration. This study characterized the potential of hDCB as a scaffold for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis of BMMSCs, ADMSCs, and UMSCs. The pore sizes and mechanical strength of hDCB were characterized. Cell survival and adhesion of hMSCs were investigated using MTT assay and F-actin staining. Alizarin Red S and Safranin O staining were conducted to demonstrate calcium deposition and proteoglycan production of hMSCs after osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, respectively. A RT-qPCR was performed to analyze the expression levels of osteogenic and chondrogenic markers in hMSCs. Results indicated that BMMSCs and ADMSCs exhibited higher osteogenic potential than UMSCs. Furthermore, ADMSCs and UMSCs had higher chondrogenic potential than BMMSCs. This study demonstrated that chondrogenic ADMSCs- or UMSCs-seeded hDCB might be potential osteochondral constructs for osteochondral regeneration.
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29
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Advances in stem cell research for the treatment of primary hypogonadism. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:487-507. [PMID: 34188209 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Leydig cell dysfunction, cells respond weakly to stimulation by pituitary luteinizing hormone, and, therefore, produce less testosterone, leading to primary hypogonadism. The most widely used treatment for primary hypogonadism is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, TRT causes infertility and has been associated with other adverse effects, such as causing erythrocytosis and gynaecomastia, worsening obstructive sleep apnoea and increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks. Stem-cell-based therapy that re-establishes testosterone-producing cell lineages in the body has, therefore, become a promising prospect for treating primary hypogonadism. Over the past two decades, substantial advances have been made in the identification of Leydig cell sources for use in transplantation surgery, including the artificial induction of Leydig-like cells from different types of stem cells, for example, stem Leydig cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSC-derived Leydig-like cells have already provided a powerful in vitro model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying Leydig cell differentiation and could be used to treat men with primary hypogonadism in a more specific and personalized approach.
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30
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Balaziova E, Vymola P, Hrabal P, Mateu R, Zubal M, Tomas R, Netuka D, Kramar F, Zemanova Z, Svobodova K, Brabec M, Sedo A, Busek P. Fibroblast Activation Protein Expressing Mesenchymal Cells Promote Glioblastoma Angiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133304. [PMID: 34282761 PMCID: PMC8267680 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The perivascular niche in glioblastoma is crucial for maintaining a tumour- permissive microenvironment. In various extracranial cancers, mesenchymal cells that express fibroblast activation protein (FAP) are an important stromal component and a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we examine their functions in the glioblastoma microenvironment where their role is so far largely unexplored. Glioblastoma-associated FAP+ mesenchymal cells are localised around activated endothelial cells and their presence positively correlates with vascular density. They represent a subpopulation of stromal, non-tumorigenic cells which mostly lack the chromosomal aberrations characteristic of glioma cells. By soluble factors they induce angiogenic sprouting, chemotaxis of endothelial cells, contribute to destabilisation of blood vessels, and increase the migration and growth of glioma cells. Taken together, we identified a subpopulation of FAP+ mesenchymal cells in the perivascular niche in glioblastoma that may contribute to tumour progression by promoting angiogenesis and supporting dissemination of transformed cells into the surrounding tissue. Abstract Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a membrane-bound protease that is upregulated in a wide range of tumours and viewed as a marker of tumour-promoting stroma. Previously, we demonstrated increased FAP expression in glioblastomas and described its localisation in cancer and stromal cells. In this study, we show that FAP+ stromal cells are mostly localised in the vicinity of activated CD105+ endothelial cells and their quantity positively correlates with glioblastoma vascularisation. FAP+ mesenchymal cells derived from human glioblastomas are non-tumorigenic and mostly lack the cytogenetic aberrations characteristic of glioblastomas. Conditioned media from these cells induce angiogenic sprouting and chemotaxis of endothelial cells and promote migration and growth of glioma cells. In a chorioallantoic membrane assay, co-application of FAP+ mesenchymal cells with glioma cells was associated with enhanced abnormal angiogenesis, as evidenced by an increased number of erythrocytes in vessel-like structures and higher occurrence of haemorrhages. FAP+ mesenchymal cells express proangiogenic factors, but in comparison to normal pericytes exhibit decreased levels of antiangiogenic molecules and an increased Angiopoietin 2/1 ratio. Our results show that FAP+ mesenchymal cells promote angiogenesis and glioma cell migration and growth by paracrine communication and in this manner, they may thus contribute to glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Balaziova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Petr Vymola
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Petr Hrabal
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Rosana Mateu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Michal Zubal
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
| | - Robert Tomas
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - David Netuka
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Filip Kramar
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.N.); (F.K.)
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Z.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Karla Svobodova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (Z.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Aleksi Sedo
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Petr Busek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Experimental Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (E.B.); (P.V.); (R.M.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (P.B.)
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Tan TT, Lai RC, Padmanabhan J, Sim WK, Choo ABH, Lim SK. Assessment of Tumorigenic Potential in Mesenchymal-Stem/Stromal-Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles (MSC-sEV). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040345. [PMID: 33918628 PMCID: PMC8069985 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal-stem/stromal-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEV) have been shown to ameliorate many diseases in preclinical studies. However, translating MSC-sEV into clinical use requires the development of scalable manufacturing processes for highly reproducible preparations of safe and potent MSC-sEVs. A major source of variability in MSC-sEV preparations is EV producer cells. To circumvent variability in producer cells, clonal immortalized MSC lines as EV producer lines are increasingly being used for sEV production. The use of sEVs from immortalized producer cells inevitably raises safety concerns regarding the tumorigenicity or tumor promoting potential of the EV products. In this study, cells from E1-MYC line, a MSC cell line immortalized with the MYC gene, were injected subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. At 84 days post-injection, no tumor formation was observed at the injection site, lungs, or lymph nodes. E1-MYC cells pre-and post-sEV production did not exhibit anchorage-independent growth in soft agar. Daily intraperitoneal injections of 1 or 5 μg sEVs from E1-MYC into athymic nude mice with FaDu human head and neck cancer xenografts for 28 days did not promote or inhibit tumor growth relative to the xenograft treated with vehicle control. Therefore, MYC-immortalized MSCs are not tumorigenic and sEVs from these MSCs do not promote tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong Teck Tan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Ruenn Chai Lai
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Jayanthi Padmanabhan
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (J.P.); (A.B.H.C.)
| | - Wei Kian Sim
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
| | - Andre Boon Hwa Choo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore; (J.P.); (A.B.H.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; (T.T.T.); (R.C.L.); (W.K.S.)
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-64-070161
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32
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Mesenchymal stromal cells for corneal transplantation: Literature review and suggestions for successful clinical trials. Ocul Surf 2021; 20:185-194. [PMID: 33607323 PMCID: PMC9878990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is a routine procedure for patients with corneal blindness. Despite the streamlining of surgical techniques and deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular pathways mediating rejection, corticosteroids are still the main immunosuppressive regimen in corneal transplantation, and the 15-year survival of corneal transplants remains as low as 50%, which is poorer than that for most solid organ transplants. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with unique regenerative and immune-modulating properties have emerged as a promising cell therapy to promote transplant tolerance, minimize the use of immunosuppressants, and prevent chronic rejection. Here, we review the literature on preclinical studies of MSCs for corneal transplantation and summarize the key findings from clinical trials with MSCs in solid organ transplantation. Finally, we highlight current issues and challenges regarding MSC therapies and suggest strategies for safe and effective MSC-based therapies in clinical transplantation.
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33
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Gene Editing by Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197362. [PMID: 33028045 PMCID: PMC7582630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas technologies have advanced dramatically in recent years. Many different systems with new properties have been characterized and a plethora of hybrid CRISPR/Cas systems able to modify the epigenome, regulate transcription, and correct mutations in DNA and RNA have been devised. However, practical application of CRISPR/Cas systems is severely limited by the lack of effective delivery tools. In this review, recent advances in developing vehicles for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas in the form of ribonucleoprotein complexes are outlined. Most importantly, we emphasize the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for CRISPR/Cas delivery and describe their unique properties: biocompatibility, safety, capacity for rational design, and ability to cross biological barriers. Available molecular tools that enable loading of desired protein and/or RNA cargo into the vesicles in a controllable manner and shape the surface of EVs for targeted delivery into specific tissues (e.g., using targeting ligands, peptides, or nanobodies) are discussed. Opportunities for both endogenous (intracellular production of CRISPR/Cas) and exogenous (post-production) loading of EVs are presented.
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Kerstan A, Niebergall-Roth E, Esterlechner J, Schröder HM, Gasser M, Waaga-Gasser AM, Goebeler M, Rak K, Schrüfer P, Endres S, Hagenbusch P, Kraft K, Dieter K, Ballikaya S, Stemler N, Sadeghi S, Tappenbeck N, Murphy GF, Orgill DP, Frank NY, Ganss C, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Frank MH, Kluth MA. Ex vivo-expanded highly pure ABCB5 + mesenchymal stromal cells as Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant autologous advanced therapy medicinal product for clinical use: process validation and first in-human data. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:165-175. [PMID: 33011075 PMCID: PMC8310651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background aim: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold promise for the treatment of tissue damage and injury. However, MSCs comprise multiple subpopulations with diverse properties, which could explain inconsistent therapeutic outcomes seen among therapeutic attempts. Recently, the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCB5 has been shown to identify a novel dermal immunomodulatory MSC subpopulation. Methods: The authors have established a validated Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant expansion and manufacturing process by which ABCB5+ MSCs can be isolated from skin tissue and processed to generate a highly functional homogeneous cell population manufactured as an advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP). This product has been approved by the German competent regulatory authority to be tested in a clinical trial to treat therapy-resistant chronic venous ulcers. Results: As of now, 12 wounds in nine patients have been treated with 5 × 105 autologous ABCB5+ MSCs per cm2 wound area, eliciting a median wound size reduction of 63% (range, 32–100%) at 12 weeks and early relief of pain. Conclusions: The authors describe here their GMP- and European Pharmacopoeia-compliant production and quality control process, report on a pre-clinical dose selection study and present the first in-human results. Together, these data substantiate the idea that ABCB5+ MSCs manufactured as ATMPs could deliver a clinically relevant wound closure strategy for patients with chronic therapy-resistant wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kerstan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Waaga-Gasser
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Rak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schrüfer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Endres
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hagenbusch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - George F Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Natasha Y Frank
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christoph Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus H Frank
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark A Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany; RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lu Z, Zhu L, Liu Z, Wu J, Xu Y, Zhang CJ. IV/IT hUC-MSCs Infusion in RRMS and NMO: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:967. [PMID: 33013641 PMCID: PMC7506071 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stem cell transplantation is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy in several autoimmune diseases. However, the safety and feasibility of long-term combined intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) administration of hUC-MSCs in relapse remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is largely unknown. Objectives: In this study, we followed up the long-term safety and feasibility of combined IV and IT human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) transplantation in patients with RRMS and NMO. Methods: Five NMO patients and 5 RRMS patients were treated intravenously (4 times) and intrathecally (3 times) over a 21-day period with low-dose allogeneic umbilical cord blood–derived MSCs. All of the patients were monitored regularly by an investigator in a blinded manner to access the Expanded Disability Status Scale, MRI characteristics, and adverse events every 3 months within 12 months and once every year thereafter for 10 years after transplantation. Results: During the long-term follow-up, our data suggested that combined IV and IT administration of hUC-MSCs transplantation is safe and feasible. None of the intolerant adverse events, such as tumor formation and peripheral organ/tissue disorders, were observed throughout the 10-year follow-up. Conclusions: These data suggest that combined intravenous and intrathecal low-dose hUC-MSCs transplantation is safe and feasible in RRMS and NMO patients in the long term. The conclusion requires confirmation by future clinical trials in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayong Wu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
| | - Cun-Jin Zhang
- Department of Neurology of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Stroke Center for Diagnosis and Therapy, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Neuropsychiatry Clinic Medical Center, Nanjing, China
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Treatment potential of bone marrow-derived stem cells in women with diminished ovarian reserves and premature ovarian failure. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2020; 31:156-162. [PMID: 30855290 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the techniques recently tested in both animal models and humans to provide a state-of-the-art on adult stem cell ovarian transplant to achieve ovarian rejuvenation in patients with diminished ovarian reserves. RECENT FINDINGS As the firsts reports of spontaneous pregnancies achieved after bone marrow transplantation in oncologic women with primary ovarian insufficiency, increasing evidence supports the regenerative effects of stem cell-based therapies in the ovarian niche. Adult stem cells from several origins promote follicular development, increase ovarian local vascularization, increase follicle and stromal cell proliferation and reduce cell apoptosis and follicular atresia, although they do not modify embryo quality. Therefore, residual quiescent follicles of aged or damaged ovaries might produce competent oocytes in an adequate ovarian environment. Nevertheless, further research is needed to properly evaluate underlying mechanisms, identify best cell sources and design less invasive infusion techniques. SUMMARY Stem cells may be a relevant therapeutic alternative for ovary regeneration and follicular development in patients with impaired ovaries, such as poor ovarian responders or women diagnosed with primary ovarian insufficiency.
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Bao X, Wang J, Zhou G, Aszodi A, Schönitzer V, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Extended in vitro culture of primary human mesenchymal stem cells downregulates Brca1-related genes and impairs DNA double-strand break recognition. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1238-1250. [PMID: 32333827 PMCID: PMC7327915 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multilineage adult stem cells with considerable potential for cell‐based regenerative therapies. In vitro expansion changes their epigenetic and cellular properties, with a poorly understood impact on DNA damage response (DDR) and genome stability. We report here results of a transcriptome‐based pathway analysis of in vitro‐expanded human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBM‐MSCs), supplemented with cellular assays focusing on DNA double‐strand break (DSB) repair. Gene pathways affected by in vitro aging were mapped using gene ontology, KEGG, and GSEA, and were found to involve DNA repair, homologous recombination (HR), cell cycle control, and chromosomal replication. Assays for the recognition (γ‐H2AX + 53BP1 foci) and repair (pBRCA1 + γ‐H2AX foci) of X‐ray‐induced DNA DSBs in hBM‐MSCs show that over a period of 8 weeks of in vitro aging (i.e., about 10 doubling times), cells exhibit a reduced DDR and a higher fraction of residual DNA damage. Furthermore, a distinct subpopulation of cells with impaired DNA DSB recognition was observed. Several genes that participate in DNA repair by HR (e.g., Rad51, Rad54, BRCA1) show a 2.3‐ to fourfold reduction of their mRNA expression by qRT‐PCR. We conclude that the in vitro expansion of hMSCs can lead to aging‐related impairment of the recognition and repair of DNA breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Attila Aszodi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Schönitzer
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Affiliated to the University of Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Medical Graduate School, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Amaral RJFC, Schott V, Balduino A, Bastos R, Miguel Oliveira J, Reis RL, Rodeo S, Espregueira-Mendes J. Intra-articular injection of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells with or without addition of platelet-rich plasma is effective in decreasing pain and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1989-1999. [PMID: 31587091 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and laboratory outcomes of intra-articular injections of culture-expanded bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to intra-articular corticosteroid injections for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Forty-seven patients with radiographic and symptomatic knee OA were randomized into three groups for intra-articular injections: autologous bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs (n = 16); autologous bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs + PRP (n = 14); and corticosteroid (n = 17). The outcomes were assessed by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and range of motion (ROM) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and intra-articular cytokines analysis at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS The three groups showed significant improvement in most KOOS domains and global score at 1st month and all domains and global score at 12-month follow-up (p < 0.05). At the 1st month, only the MSCs group showed significant differences in KOOS symptoms domain (p = 0.003). The MSCs and MSCs + PRP groups showed the highest percentage of improvement in most KOOS domains and global score compared to the corticosteroid group. All three groups showed a significant reduction in intra-articular levels of human interleukin-10 cytokine, from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION An intra-articular injection of bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs with or without the addiction of PRP is effective in improving the function and decreasing symptoms caused by knee OA at 12-month follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bastos
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Marcelo Mathias
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo J F C Amaral
- Kearney Lab, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vinicius Schott
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal. .,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal.
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Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Kheyrolahzadeh K, Barzegari A, Rahbar Saadat Y, Zununi Vahed S. Medicinal signaling cells: A potential antimicrobial drug store. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7731-7746. [PMID: 32352173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells derived from mammalian bone marrow and periosteum that can be extended in culture. They can keep their ability in vitro to form a variety of mesodermal phenotypes and tissues. Over recent years, there has been great attention over MSCs since they can impact the organ transplantation as well as autoimmune and bacterial diseases. MSCs can secrete different bioactive factors such as growth factors, antimicrobial peptides/proteins and cytokines that can suppress the immune system and prevent infection via direct and indirect mechanisms. Moreover, MSCs are able to increase bacterial clearance in sepsis models by producing antimicrobial peptides such as defensins, cathelicidins, lipocalin and hepcidin. It is the aim of the present review to focus on the antibacterial effector functions of MSCs and their mechanisms of action against the pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyvan Kheyrolahzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Paracrine Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Angiogenesis. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:4356359. [PMID: 32215017 PMCID: PMC7085399 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4356359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) derived secretome is becoming increasingly intriguing from a clinical perspective due to its ability to stimulate endogenous tissue repair processes as well as its effective regulation of the immune system, mimicking the therapeutic effects produced by the MSCs. The secretome is a composite product secreted by MSC in vitro (in conditioned medium) and in vivo (in the extracellular milieu), consisting of a protein soluble fraction (mostly growth factors and cytokines) and a vesicular component, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer proteins, lipids, and genetic material. MSC-derived secretome differs based on the tissue from which the MSCs are isolated and under specific conditions (e.g., preconditioning or priming) suggesting that clinical applications should be tailored by choosing the tissue of origin and a priming regimen to specifically correct a given pathology. MSC-derived secretome mediates beneficial angiogenic effects in a variety of tissue injury-related diseases. This supports the current effort to develop cell-free therapeutic products that bring both clinical benefits (reduced immunogenicity, persistence in vivo, and no genotoxicity associated with long-term cell cultures) and manufacturing advantages (reduced costs, availability of large quantities of off-the-shelf products, and lower regulatory burden). In the present review, we aim to give a comprehensive picture of the numerous components of the secretome produced by MSCs derived from the most common tissue sources for clinical use (e.g., AT, BM, and CB). We focus on the factors involved in the complex regulation of angiogenic processes.
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Schwab R, Lim R, Goldberg R. Resolving intestinal fibrosis through regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 49:90-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Fang J, Yan Y, Teng X, Wen X, Li N, Peng S, Liu W, Donadeu FX, Zhao S, Hua J. Melatonin prevents senescence of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through activating NRF2 and inhibiting ER stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2954-2972. [PMID: 30362962 PMCID: PMC6224246 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can aid in the treatment of numerous diseases in animals. However, natural aging during in vitro expansion of ADMSCs prior to their use in transplantation restricts their beneficial effects. Melatonin is reported to exert biorhythm regulation, anti-oxidation, and anti-senescence effects in various animal and cell models. Herein, by using a senescent canine ADMSCs (cADMSCs) cell model subjected to multiple passages in vitro, we investigated the effects of melatonin on ADMSCs senescence. We found that melatonin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell senescence. MT1/MT2 melatonin receptor inhibitor, luzindole, diminished the mRNA expression levels and rhythm expression amplitude of Bmal1 and Nrf2 genes. Nrf2 knockdown blocked the stimulatory effects of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)-related gene expression and its inhibitory effects on ERS-related gene expression. At the same time, the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the NF-κB signaling pathway and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were blocked by Nrf2 knockdown in cADMSCs. Melatonin pretreatment improved the survival of cADMSCs and enhanced the beneficial effects of cADMSCs transplantation in canine acute liver injury. These results indicate that melatonin activates Nrf2 through the MT1/MT2 receptor pathway, stimulates ERAD, inhibits NF-κB and ERS, alleviates cADMSCs senescence, and improves the efficacy of transplanted cADMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Teng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyu Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yangling Demonstration Zone Hospital, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - F Xavier Donadeu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute Reader, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG Scotland, UK
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China
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Kot M, Baj-Krzyworzeka M, Szatanek R, Musiał-Wysocka A, Suda-Szczurek M, Majka M. The Importance of HLA Assessment in "Off-the-Shelf" Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based-Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5680. [PMID: 31766164 PMCID: PMC6888380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for more effective therapies of chronic and acute diseases has led to the attempts of developing more adequate and less invasive treatment methods. Regenerative medicine relies mainly on the therapeutic potential of stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their immunosuppressive properties and tissue repair abilities, seem to be an ideal tool for cell-based therapies. Taking into account all available sources of MSCs, perinatal tissues become an attractive source of allogeneic MSCs. The allogeneic MSCs provide "off-the-shelf" cellular therapy, however, their allogenicity may be viewed as a limitation for their use. Moreover, some evidence suggests that MSCs are not as immune-privileged as it was previously reported. Therefore, understanding their interactions with the recipient's immune system is crucial for their successful clinical application. In this review, we discuss both autologous and allogeneic application of MSCs, focusing on current approaches to allogeneic MSCs therapies, with a particular interest in the role of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and HLA-matching in allogeneic MSCs transplantation. Importantly, the evidence from the currently completed and ongoing clinical trials demonstrates that allogeneic MSCs transplantation is safe and seems to cause no major side-effects to the patient. These findings strongly support the case for MSCs efficacy in treatment of a variety of diseases and their use as an "off-the-shelf" medical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kot
- Department of Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.-W.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Monika Baj-Krzyworzeka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (R.S.)
| | - Rafał Szatanek
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.B.-K.); (R.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Musiał-Wysocka
- Department of Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.-W.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Magdalena Suda-Szczurek
- Department of Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.-W.); (M.S.-S.)
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (M.K.); (A.M.-W.); (M.S.-S.)
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Hladik D, Höfig I, Oestreicher U, Beckers J, Matjanovski M, Bao X, Scherthan H, Atkinson MJ, Rosemann M. Long-term culture of mesenchymal stem cells impairs ATM-dependent recognition of DNA breaks and increases genetic instability. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:218. [PMID: 31358047 PMCID: PMC6664790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attracting increasing interest for cell-based therapies, making use of both their immuno-modulating and regenerative potential. For such therapeutic applications, a massive in vitro expansion of donor cells is usually necessary to furnish sufficient material for transplantation. It is not established to what extent the long-term genomic stability and potency of MSCs can be compromised as a result of this rapid ex vivo expansion. In this study, we investigated the DNA damage response and chromosomal stability (indicated by micronuclei induction) after sub-lethal doses of gamma irradiation in murine MSCs at different stages of their in vitro expansion. METHODS Bone-marrow-derived tri-potent MSCs were explanted from 3-month-old female FVB/N mice and expanded in vitro for up to 12 weeks. DNA damage response and repair kinetics after gamma irradiation were quantified by the induction of γH2AX/53BP1 DSB repair foci. Micronuclei were counted in post-mitotic, binucleated cells using an automated image analyzer Metafer4. Involvement of DNA damage response pathways was tested using chemical ATM and DNA-PK inhibitors. RESULTS Murine bone-marrow-derived MSCs in long-term expansion culture gradually lose their ability to recognize endogenous and radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. This impaired DNA damage response, indicated by a decrease in the number of γH2AX/53BP1 DSB repair foci, was associated with reduced ATM dependency of foci formation, a slower DNA repair kinetics, and an increased number of residual DNA double-strand breaks 7 h post irradiation. In parallel with this impaired efficiency of DNA break recognition and repair in older MSCs, chromosomal instability after mitosis increased significantly as shown by a higher number of micronuclei, both spontaneously and induced by γ-irradiation. Multifactorial regression analysis demonstrates that in vitro aging reduced DNA damage recognition in MSCs after irradiation by a multiplicative interaction with dose (p < 0.0001), whereas the increased frequency of micronuclei was caused by an additive interaction between in vitro aging and radiation dose. CONCLUSION The detrimental impact of long-term in vitro expansion on DNA damage response of MSCs warrants a regular monitoring of this process during the ex vivo growth of these cells to improve therapeutic safety and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hladik
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ines Höfig
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Present Address: BioNTech IMFS, Vollmersbachstr. 66, 55743, Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | - Ursula Oestreicher
- BfS Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Martina Matjanovski
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, University of Ulm, Neuherbergstr. 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Karaöz E, Tepeköy F. Differentiation Potential and Tumorigenic Risk of Rat Bone Marrow Stem Cells Are Affected By Long-Term In Vitro Expansion. Turk J Haematol 2019; 36:255-265. [PMID: 31284704 PMCID: PMC6863016 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2019.2019.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity for extensive expansion and adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and neural differentiation in vitro. The aim of our study was to determine stemness, differentiation potential, telomerase activity, and ultrastructural characteristics of long-term cultured rat bone marrow (rBM)-MSCs. Materials and Methods: rBM-MSCs from passages 3, 50, and 100 (P3, P50, and P100) were evaluated through immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, telomerase activity assays, and electron microscopy. Results: A dramatic reduction in the levels of myogenic markers actin and myogenin was detected in P100. Osteogenic markers Coll1, osteonectin (Sparc), and osteocalcin as well as neural marker c-Fos and chondrogenic marker Coll2 were significantly reduced in P100 compared to P3 and P50. Osteogenic marker bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and adipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) expression was reduced in late passages. The expression of stemness factor Rex-1 was lower in P100, whereas Oct4 expression was decreased in P50 compared to P3 and P100. Increased telomerase activity was observed in long-term cultured cells, signifying tumorigenic risk. Electron microscopic evaluations revealed ultrastructural changes such as smaller number of organelles and increased amount of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm in long-term cultured rBM-MSCs. Conclusion: This study suggests that long-term culture of rBM-MSCs leads to changes in differentiation potential and increased tumorigenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Karaöz
- İstinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey,İstinye University Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research and Practice, İstanbul, Turkey,Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing (LivMedCell), İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tepeköy
- İstinye University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey,Altınbaş University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İstanbul, Turkey
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Decline of p300 contributes to cell senescence and growth inhibition of hUC-MSCs through p53/p21 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:24-30. [PMID: 31122700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSCs) in vitro expansion for long term may undergo epigenetic and genetic alterations that subsequently induce cellular senescence and associated growth inhibition. Increasing evidence implicated that aberrant histone acetylation modulates gene expression responsible for MSCs aging. Whether the dysregulation of p300 and its KAT activity is involved in the aging process of MSCs was still unexplored. In this study, we found a significant decrease of p300 but elevated p53/p21 levels in senescent hUC-MSCs at late-passage. Then we used two different approaches: (i) downregulation of p300 by siRNA and (ii) inhibition of the acetyltransferase(KAT) activity by C646 to determine the role of p300 in regulating MSCs senescence. We showed that inhibition of p300 induce premature senescence and decrease proliferation potential in hUC-MSCs. Moreover, upregulations of p53 and p21 expressions were confirmed in p300 knockdown and C646-treated hUC-MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that p300 plays an important role in aging process of MSCs associated with activation of p53/p21 signaling pathway.
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47
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Neri S. Genetic Stability of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Fundamental Biosafety Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102406. [PMID: 31096604 PMCID: PMC6566307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) show widespread application for a variety of clinical conditions; therefore, their use necessitates continuous monitoring of their safety. The risk assessment of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies cannot be separated from an accurate and deep knowledge of their biological properties and in vitro and in vivo behavior. One of the most relevant safety issues is represented by the genetic stability of MSCs, that can be altered during in vitro manipulation, frequently required before clinical application. MSC genetic stability has the potential to influence the transformation and the therapeutic effect of these cells. At present, karyotype evaluation represents the definitely prevailing assessment of MSC stability, but DNA alterations of smaller size should not be underestimated. This review will focus on current scientific knowledge about the genetic stability of mesenchymal stem cells. The techniques used and possible improvements together with regulatory aspects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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48
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Virant-Klun I, Omejec S, Stimpfel M, Skerl P, Novakovic S, Jancar N, Vrtacnik-Bokal E. Female Age Affects the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Characteristics of Aspirated Follicular Cells in the In Vitro Fertilization Programme. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 15:543-557. [PMID: 31055736 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspirated follicular cells (AFCs) from the in vitro fertilization program can express various stem cell markers and are even able to differentiate into different types of cells in vitro. The female reproductive potential decreases with increasing age due to lowered ovarian reserve and oocyte quality, but data on the effect of female age on stem cell characteristics of AFCs are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate whether female age affects the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics of AFCs. Follicular aspirates were collected from 12 patients included in the in vitro fertilization programme with a normal ovarian reserve. Patients were divided into four age groups: Group A ≤ 30 years, Group B 31-35 years, Group C 36-39 years and Group D ≥ 40 years. After removal of the oocytes, AFCs were collected from follicular aspirates using hypo-osmotic technique and cultured in vitro, and their stemness was compared according to female age. The cultured AFCs were analysed for gene expression using the Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array, for their potential for differentiation into adipogenic and osteogenic lineage, and for their expression of MSC-related markers using immunocytochemistry. We found that female age can significantly influence their stemness: expression of pluripotency and MSC-related genes, and their differentiation potential. Despite the relatively high expression of MSC-related genes, the AFCs of the oldest patients had the lowest potential to differentiate into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages in vitro, which may be related to their age and the changed ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Virant-Klun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - S Omejec
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Slajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Stimpfel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Skerl
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S Novakovic
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - N Jancar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - E Vrtacnik-Bokal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Műzes G, Sipos F. Issues and opportunities of stem cell therapy in autoimmune diseases. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:212-221. [PMID: 31110602 PMCID: PMC6503459 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of regenerative medicine is to restore or enhance the normal function of human cells, tissues, and organs. From a clinical point of view, the use of stem cells is more advantageous than differentiated cells because they can be collected more easily and in larger quantities, their proliferation capacity is more pronounced, they are more resistant in cell culture, their aging is delayed, they are able to form a number of cell lines, and they are able to promote vascularization of tissue carriers. The therapeutic use of stem cells for disease modification, immunomodulation, or regenerative purposes are undoubtedly encouraging, but most studies are still in their early stages, and the clinical results reported are not clear with regard to therapeutic efficacy and potential side effects. Uniform regulation of the clinical application of stem cells is also indispensable for this highly customizable, minimally invasive, individualized therapeutic method to become a successful and safe treatment alternative in many different autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Team, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Team, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
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50
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Wang J, Sun M, Liu W, Li Y, Li M. Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Diseases: An Overview and Update. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:107-118. [PMID: 30989038 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver disease is one of the top causes of death globally. Although liver transplantation is a very effective treatment strategy, the shortage of available donor organs, waiting list mortality, and high costs of surgery remain huge problems. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Scientists are exploring the possibilities of generating hepatocytes from stem cells as an alternative for the treatment of liver diseases. METHODS In this review, we summarized the updated researches in the field of stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases as well as the current challenges and future expectations for a successful cell-based liver therapy. RESULTS Several cell types have been investigated for liver regeneration, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, liver stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that stem cells are promising cell sources for the liver regeneration. CONCLUSION Stem cell-based therapy could be a promising therapeutic method for patients with end-stage liver disease, which may alleviate the need for liver transplantation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Yan Li
- Medical Examination College, Jilin Medical University, No. 5 Jilin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 132013 China
| | - Miao Li
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, The China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, 130033 China
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