1
|
Rix A, Heinrichs H, Porte C, Leenaars C, Bleich A, Kiessling F. Ultrasound-induced immune responses in tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Control Release 2024; 371:146-157. [PMID: 38777126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound is widely used in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Tumors can be treated by thermal or mechanical tissue ablation. Furthermore, tumors can be manipulated by hyperthermia, sonodynamic therapy and sonoporation, e.g., by increasing tumor perfusion or the permeability of biological barriers to enhance drug delivery. These treatments induce various immune responses in tumors. However, conflicting data and high heterogeneity between experimental settings make it difficult to generalize the effects of ultrasound on tumor immunity. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to answer the question: "Does ultrasound alter the immune reaction of peripheral solid tumors in humans and animals compared to control conditions without ultrasound?" A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science and 24,401 potentially relevant publications were identified. Of these, 96 publications were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review. Experiments were performed in humans, rats, and mice and focused on different tumor types, primarily breast and melanoma. We collected data on thermal and non-thermal ultrasound settings, the use of sono-sensitizers or sono-enhancers, and anti-tumor therapies. Six meta-analyses were performed to quantify the effect of ultrasound on tumor infiltration by T cells (cytotoxic, helper, and regulatory T cells) and on blood cytokines (interleukin-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α). We provide robust scientific evidence that ultrasound alters T cell infiltration into tumors and increases blood cytokine concentrations. Furthermore, we identified significant differences in immune cell infiltration based on tumor type, ultrasound settings, and mouse age. Stronger effects were observed using hyperthermia in combination with sono-sensitizers and in young mice. The latter may impair the translational impact of study results as most cancer patients are older. Thus, our results may help refining ultrasound parameters to enhance anti-tumor immune responses for therapeutic use and to minimize immune effects in diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Helen Heinrichs
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Céline Porte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cathalijn Leenaars
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang R, Huang X, Chen X, Zhang Y. Nanoparticle-Mediated Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3568-3598. [PMID: 38815129 PMCID: PMC11167598 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with the worst prognosis and highest recurrence rates. The treatment choices are limited due to the scarcity of endocrine and HER2 targets, except for chemotherapy. However, the side effects of chemotherapy restrict its long-term usage. Immunotherapy shows potential as a promising therapeutic strategy, such as inducing immunogenic cell death, immune checkpoint therapy, and immune adjuvant therapy. Nanotechnology offers unique advantages in the field of immunotherapy, such as improved delivery and targeted release of immunotherapeutic agents and enhanced bioavailability of immunomodulators. As well as the potential for combination therapy synergistically enhanced by nanocarriers. Nanoparticles-based combined application of multiple immunotherapies is designed to take the tactics of enhancing immunogenicity and reversing immunosuppression. Moreover, the increasing abundance of biomedical materials holds more promise for the development of this field. This review summarizes the advances in the field of nanoparticle-mediated immunotherapy in terms of both immune strategies for treatment and the development of biomaterials and presents challenges and hopes for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyi Wang
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital
of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R.C
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital
of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R.C
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital
of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R.C
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- Department of Breast
Surgery, The Second Norman Bethune Hospital
of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P.R.C
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atmaca H, Oguz F, Ilhan S. Chitosan in cancer therapy: a dual role as a therapeutic agent and drug delivery system. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:95-105. [PMID: 38478126 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy is still the most preferred treatment for cancer, most chemotherapeutic agents target both cancer cells and healthy cells and cause serious side effects due to high toxicity. Improved drug delivery systems (DDSs), which enhance the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs while reducing their toxicity, offer potential solutions to these challenges. Chitosan (CS) and its derivatives are biopolymers with biodegradable, biocompatible, and low-toxicity properties, and their structure allows for convenient chemical and mechanical modifications. In its role as a therapeutic agent, CS can impede the proliferation of tumor cells through the inhibition of angiogenesis and metastasis, as well as by triggering apoptosis. CS and its derivatives are also frequently preferred as DDSs due to their properties such as high drug-carrying capacity, polycationic structure, long-term circulation, and direct targeting of cancer cells. Various therapeutic agents linked to CS and its derivatives demonstrate potent anticancer effects with advantages such as reduced side effects compared to the original drugs, owing to factors like targeted distribution within cancer tissues and sustained release. This review emphasizes the utilization of CS and its derivatives, both as therapeutic agents and as carriers for established chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
| | - Ferdi Oguz
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Koç University, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology 52953 , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University , Manisa 45140, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Q, Liu X, Yan C, Zhao B, Zhao Y, Yang L, Shi M, Yu H, Li X, Luo K. Polysaccharide-Based Stimulus-Responsive Nanomedicines for Combination Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206211. [PMID: 36890780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a promising antitumor approach, whereas nontherapeutic side effects, tumor microenvironment (TME) intricacy, and low tumor immunogenicity limit its therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, combination immunotherapy with other therapies has been proven to considerably increase antitumor efficacy. However, achieving codelivery of the drugs to the tumor site remains a major challenge. Stimulus-responsive nanodelivery systems show controlled drug delivery and precise drug release. Polysaccharides, a family of potential biomaterials, are widely used in the development of stimulus-responsive nanomedicines due to their unique physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and modifiability. Here, the antitumor activity of polysaccharides and several combined immunotherapy strategies (e.g., immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, or photothermal therapy) are summarized. More importantly, the recent progress of polysaccharide-based stimulus-responsive nanomedicines for combination cancer immunotherapy is discussed, with the focus on construction of nanomedicine, targeted delivery, drug release, and enhanced antitumor effects. Finally, the limitations and application prospects of this new field are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunmei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mingyi Shi
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kaipei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jiang M, Fiering S, Shao Q. Combining energy-based focal ablation and immune checkpoint inhibitors: preclinical research and clinical trials. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1153066. [PMID: 37251920 PMCID: PMC10211342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1153066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy-based focal therapy (FT) uses targeted, minimally invasive procedures to destroy tumors while preserving normal tissue and function. There is strong emerging interest in understanding how systemic immunity against the tumor can occur with cancer immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). The motivation for combining FT and ICI in cancer management relies on the synergy between the two different therapies: FT complements ICI by reducing tumor burden, increasing objective response rate, and reducing side effects of ICI; ICI supplements FT by reducing local recurrence, controlling distal metastases, and providing long-term protection. This combinatorial strategy has shown promising results in preclinical study (since 2004) and the clinical trials (since 2011). Understanding the synergy calls for understanding the physics and biology behind the two different therapies with distinctive mechanisms of action. In this review, we introduce different types of energy-based FT by covering the biophysics of tissue-energy interaction and present the immunomodulatory properties of FT. We discuss the basis of cancer immunotherapy with the emphasis on ICI. We examine the approaches researchers have been using and the results from both preclinical models and clinical trials from our exhaustive literature research. Finally, the challenges of the combinatory strategy and opportunities of future research is discussed extensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhan Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine and Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Qi Shao
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Yao Y, Gao Y, Liu M, Yu Q, Song X, Han X, Niu D, Jiang L. CD133-Targeted Hybrid Nanovesicles for Fluorescent/Ultrasonic Imaging-Guided HIFU Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2539-2552. [PMID: 37207110 PMCID: PMC10188615 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s391382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is regarded as one of the most lethal types of tumor in the world, and optional way to treat the tumor are urgently needed. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in the occurrence and development of pancreatic tumors. CD133 is a specific antigen for targeting the pancreatic CSCs subpopulation. Previous studies have shown that CSC-targeted therapy is effective in inhibiting tumorigenesis and transmission. However, CD133 targeted therapy combined with HIFU for pancreatic cancer is absent. Purpose To improve therapeutic efficiency and minimize side effects, we carry a potent combination of CSCs antibody with synergist by an effective and visualized delivery nanocarrier to pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods Multifunctional CD133-targeted nanovesicles (CD133-grafted Cy5.5/PFOB@P-HVs) with encapsulated perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB) in a 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) shell modified with poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and superficially modified with CD133 and Cy 5.5 were constructed following the prescribed order. The nanovesicles were characterized for the biological and chemical characteristics feature. We explored the specific targeting capacity in vitro and the therapeutic effect in vivo. Results The in vitro targeting experiment and in vivo FL and ultrasonic experiments showed the aggregation of CD133-grafted Cy5.5/PFOB@P-HVs around CSCs. In vivo FL imaging experiments demonstrated that the nanovesicles assemble for the highest concentration in the tumor at 24 h after administration. Under HIFU irradiation, the synergistic efficacy of the combination of the CD133-targeting carrier and HIFU for tumor treatment was obvious. Conclusion CD133-grafted Cy5.5/PFOB@P-HVs combined with HIFU irradiation could enhance the tumor treatment effect not only by improving the delivery of nanovesicles but also by enhancing the HIFU thermal and mechanical effects in the tumor microenvironment, which is a highly effective targeted therapy for treating pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijing Yao
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihui Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated No. 6 Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dechao Niu
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lixin Jiang; Dechao Niu, Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kantak MN, Bharate SS. Analysis of clinical trials on biomaterial and therapeutic applications of chitosan: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118999. [PMID: 34973801 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a modified natural carbohydrate polymer derived from chitin that occurs in many natural sources. It has a diverse range of applications in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Its primary and permitted use is biomaterial in medical devices. Chitosan and its derivatives also find utility in pharmaceuticals as an excipient, drug carrier, or therapeutic agent. The USFDA has approved chitosan usage as a biomaterial but not for pharmaceutical use, primarily because of the concerns over its source, purity, and immunogenicity. A large number of clinical studies are underway on chitosan-based materials/ products because of their diverse applications. Herein, we analyze clinical studies to understand their clinical usage portfolio. Our analysis shows that >100 clinical studies are underway to investigate the safety/efficacy of chitosan or its biomaterials/ nanoparticles, comprising ~95% interventional and ~ 5% observational studies. The regulatory considerations that limit the use of chitosan in pharmaceuticals are also deliberated. TEASER: Clinical Trials of Chitosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maithili N Kantak
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leu JD, Wang CY, Lo CC, Lin MY, Chang CY, Hung WC, Lin ST, Wang BS, Lee YJ. Involvement of c-Myc in low dose radiation-induced senescence enhanced migration and invasion of unirradiated cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22208-22231. [PMID: 34552037 PMCID: PMC8507273 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to cause cell apoptosis at high dose range, but little is known about the cellular response to low dose radiation. In this study, we found that conditioned medium harvested from WI-38 lung fibroblasts and H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to 0.1Gy to 1Gy could enhance the migration and invasion of unirradiated H1299 cells in both 2D and 3D culturing circumstances. Low dose radiation did not induce apoptosis, but induced senescence in irradiated cells. We next examined the expression of immediately early genes including c-Myc and K-Ras. Although both genes could be up-regulated by low dose radiation, induction of c-Myc was more specific to low dose range (0.5Gy) at transcriptional and translational levels. Knockdown of c-Myc by shRNA could repress the senescence induced by low dose radiation. The conditioned medium of irradiated cells induced migration of unirradiated cells was also repressed by knockdown of c-Myc. The c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 could suppress low dose radiation induced cell senescence, and the conditioned medium harvested from irradiated cells pretreated with 10058-F4 also lost the ability to enhance the migration of unirradiated cells. The cytokine array analysis revealed that immunosuppressive monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 increased by low dose radiation could be repressed by 10058-F4. We also showed that 10058-F4 could suppress low dose radiation induced tumor progression in a xenograft tumor model. Taken together, current data suggest that -Myc is involved in low dose radiation induced cell senescence and potent bystander effect to increase the motility of unirradiated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Der Leu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yih Wang
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chien Lo
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ying Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-2681, USA
| | - Wen-Chin Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Shen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gorbet MJ, Singh A, Mao C, Fiering S, Ranjan A. Using nanoparticles for in situ vaccination against cancer: mechanisms and immunotherapy benefits. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:18-33. [PMID: 33426995 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1802519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy to treat cancer is now an established clinical approach. Immunotherapy can be applied systemically, as done with checkpoint blockade antibodies, but it can also be injected directly into identified tumors, in a strategy of in situ vaccination (ISV). ISV is designed to stimulate a strong local antitumor immune response involving both innate and adaptive immune cells, and through this generate a systemic antitumor immune response against metastatic tumors. A variety of ISVs have been utilized to generate an immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment (TME). These include attenuated microorganisms, recombinant proteins, small molecules, physical disruptors of TME (alternating magnetic and focused ultrasound heating, photothermal therapy, and radiotherapy), and more recently nanoparticles (NPs). NPs are attractive and unique since they can load multiple drugs or other reagents to influence immune and cancer cell functions in the TME, affording a unique opportunity to stimulate antitumor immunity. Here, we describe the NP-ISV therapeutic mechanisms, review chemically synthesized NPs (i.e., liposomes, polymeric, chitosan-based, inorganic NPs, etc.), biologically derived NPs (virus and bacteria-based NPs), and energy-activated NP-ISVs in the context of their use as local ISV. Data suggests that NP-ISVs can enhance outcomes of immunotherapeutic regimens including those utilizing tumor hyperthermia and checkpoint blockade therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akansha Singh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Chenkai Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center at Dartmouth and Dartmouth Hitchcock, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ashish Ranjan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lima BV, Oliveira MJ, Barbosa MA, Gonçalves RM, Castro F. Immunomodulatory potential of chitosan-based materials for cancer therapy: a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3209-3227. [PMID: 33949372 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01984d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (Ch) has recently been used in different studies as a vaccine adjuvant with an ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME). This systematic review aims to elucidate the added value of using Ch-based therapies for immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer treatment, through the exploration of different Ch-based formulations, their capacity to modulate immune cells in vitro and in vivo, and their translational potential for clinical settings. A systematic review was conducted on PubMed, following both inclusion and exclusion steps. Original articles which focused on the immunomodulatory role of Ch-based formulations in the TME were included, as well as its usage as a delivery vehicle for other immunomodulatory molecules. This review illustrates the added value of Ch-based systems to reshape the TME, through the modulation of immune cells using different Ch formulations, namely solutions, films, gels, microneedles and nanoparticles. Generally, Ch-based formulations increase the recruitment and proliferation of cells associated with pro-inflammatory abilities and decrease cells which exert anti-inflammatory activities. These effects correlated with a decreased tumor weight, reduced metastases, reversion of the immunosuppressive TME and increased survival in vivo. Overall, Ch-based formulations present the potential for immunotherapy in cancer. Nevertheless, clinical translation remains challenging, since the majority of the studies use Ch in formulations with other components, implicating that some of the observed effects could result from the combination of the individual effects. More studies on the use of different Ch-based formulations, complementary to standardization and disclosure of the Ch properties used are required to improve the immunomodulatory effects of Ch-based formulations in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz V Lima
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Oliveira
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal and ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávia Castro
- i3S - Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. and INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Novel Immune Stimulant Amplifies Direct Tumoricidal Effect of Cancer Ablation Therapies and Their Systemic Antitumor Immune Efficacy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030492. [PMID: 33668932 PMCID: PMC7996593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ablation therapies have emerged as an effective tool for destroying cancerous tissue, but for advanced and disseminated tumors their application remains mainly a palliative measure. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that this limitation can be redressed by the use of intratumoral immune stimulating agents for amplifying potential antitumor immune responses that are induced by ablation therapies. A novel immune stimulating drug IP-001, a specific variant of the N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) family of molecules, has shown to be effective against metastatic tumors, when combined with different forms tumor ablation. It acts as a multi-function immune stimulant both by directly inhibiting cell membrane repair and recycling of ablation-damaged tumor cells, and indirectly by sequestering ablation-released tumor antigens, as well as recruiting and stimulating antigen presenting cells to induce a potent Th1 type T cell response against the cancer. In this review, we briefly discuss the current applications of local ablation for cancer treatment and the effects of GC in combination with other ablation therapies, a therapeutic approach that is pioneering the field of Interventional Immuno-Oncology (IIO).
Collapse
|
12
|
Amirani E, Hallajzadeh J, Asemi Z, Mansournia MA, Yousefi B. Effects of chitosan and oligochitosans on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway in cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:456-467. [PMID: 32693135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway is one of the most important kinase signaling networks in the context of cancer development and treatment. Aberrant activation of AKT, the central mediator of this pathway, has been implicated in numerous malignancies including endometrial, hepatocellular, breast, colorectal, prostate, and, cervical cancer. Thus regulation and blockage of this kinase and its key target nodes is an attractive approach in cancer therapy and diverse efforts have been done to achieve this aim. Chitosan is a carbohydrate with multiple interesting applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. This bioactive polymer and its derivative oligomers commonly used in drug/DNA delivery methods due to their functional properties which improve efficiency of delivery systems. Further, these compounds exert anti-tumor roles through the stimulation of apoptosis, immune enhancing potency, anti-oxidative features and anti-angiogenic roles. Due to the importance of PI3K-AKT signaling in cancer targeting and treatment resistance, this review discusses the involvement of chitosan, oligochitosaccharides and carriers based on these chemicals in the regulation of this pathway in different tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cai X, Feng J, Chen F, Guo C, Sun L, Li L. Synergistic effect of glycated chitosan and photofrin photodynamic therapy on different breast tumor model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101842. [PMID: 32485403 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastases and recurrence of cancer are the main causes of failure and death. Induction of a long-term tumor specific immunity seems to be a great strategy to deal with this challenge. Laser immunotherapy (LIT), using immunomodulatory techniques in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT), so as to enhance an already robust immune response, has been proposed and investigated by numerous researchers. In our study, mice bearing EMT6 breast tumors and 4T1 metastatic breast tumors were addressed in various permutations of the different components in LIT. The survival rates and the tumor growth curve of EMT6 breast tumors bearing mice were analyzed. We compared the level of inflammatory reaction, cell apoptosis and activated immune cells infiltration of local tumors. We validated the systemic effect of LIT through the 4T1 metastatic breast tumors bearing mice. The results not only proved that concomitant with Glycated chitosan (GC) can improve the effect of inhibiting the tumor growth, improving survival, enhancing local inflammatory reaction and attracting acted immune cells to tumor by photodynamic therapy with Photofrin, but also intuitively proved the systemic effect and long-term effect of LIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Cai
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Jieni Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325200, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Chaofan Guo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325200, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China
| | - Libo Li
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510315, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
DeVette CI, Gundlapalli H, Lai SCA, McMurtrey CP, Hoover AR, Gurung HR, Chen WR, Welm AL, Hildebrand WH. A pipeline for identification and validation of tumor-specific antigens in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1685300. [PMID: 32002300 PMCID: PMC6959440 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1685300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy continues to make headway as a treatment for advanced stage tumors, revealing an urgent need to understand the fundamentals of anti-tumor immune responses. Noteworthy is a scarcity of data pertaining to the breadth and specificity of tumor-specific T cell responses in metastatic breast cancer. Autochthonous transgenic models of breast cancer display spontaneous metastasis in the FVB/NJ mouse strain, yet a lack of knowledge regarding tumor-bound MHC/peptide immune epitopes in this mouse model limits the characterization of tumor-specific T cell responses, and the mechanisms that regulate T cell responses in the metastatic setting. We recently generated the NetH2pan prediction tool for murine class I MHC ligands by building an FVB/NJ H-2q ligand database and combining it with public information from six other murine MHC alleles. Here, we deployed NetH2pan in combination with an advanced proteomics workflow to identify immunogenic T cell epitopes in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic model for metastatic breast cancer. Five unique MHC I/PyMT epitopes were identified. These tumor-specific epitopes were confirmed to be presented by the class I MHC of primary MMTV-PyMT tumors and their T cell immunogenicity was validated. Vaccination using a DNA construct encoding a truncated PyMT protein generated CD8 + T cell responses to these MHC class I/peptide complexes and prevented tumor development. In sum, we have established an MHC-ligand discovery pipeline in FVB/NJ mice, identified and tracked H-2Dq/PyMT neoantigen-specific T cells, and developed a vaccine that prevents tumor development in this metastatic model of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christa I DeVette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Curtis P McMurtrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ashley R Hoover
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Hem R Gurung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Wei R Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - William H Hildebrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang CY, Chang CY, Wang CY, Liu K, Kang CY, Lee YJ, Chen WR. N-Dihydrogalactochitosan Potentiates the Radiosensitivity of Liver Metastatic Tumor Cells Originated from Murine Breast Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225581. [PMID: 31717306 PMCID: PMC6888949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation is a widely used therapeutic method for treating breast cancer. N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), a biocompatible immunostimulant, is known to enhance the effects of various treatment modalities in different tumor types. However, whether GC can enhance the radiosensitivity of cancer cells remains to be explored. In this study, triple-negative murine 4T1 breast cancer cells transduced with multi-reporter genes were implanted in immunocompetent Balb/C mice to track, dissect, and identify liver-metastatic 4T1 cells. These cells expressed cancer stem cell (CSC) -related characteristics, including the ability to form spheroids, the expression of the CD44 marker, and the increase of protein stability. We then ex vivo investigated the potential effect of GC on the radiosensitivity of the liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells and compared the results to those of parental 4T1 cells subjected to the same treatment. The cells were irradiated with increased doses of X-rays with or without GC treatment. Colony formation assays were then performed to determine the survival fractions and radiosensitivity of these cells. We found that GC preferably increased the radiosensitivity of liver-metastatic 4T1 breast cancer cells rather than that of the parental cells. Additionally, the single-cell DNA electrophoresis assay (SCDEA) and γ-H2AX foci assay were performed to assess the level of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Compared to the parental cells, DNA damage was significantly increased in liver-metastatic 4T1 cells after they were treated with GC plus radiation. Further studies on apoptosis showed that this combination treatment increased the sub-G1 population of cells, but not caspase-3 cleavage, in liver-metastatic breast cancer cells. Taken together, the current data suggest that the synergistic effects of GC and irradiation might be used to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in treating metastatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yih Wang
- Radiotherapy, Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Chun-Yu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Kaili Liu
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA;
| | - Chia-Yun Kang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Yi-Jang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (W.R.C.); Tel.: +886-960-429508 (Y.-J.L.); +1-212-2192879 (W.R.C.)
| | - Wei R. Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (W.R.C.); Tel.: +886-960-429508 (Y.-J.L.); +1-212-2192879 (W.R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang P, Sun S, Ma H, Sun S, Zhao D, Wang S, Liang X. Treating tumors with minimally invasive therapy: A review. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 108:110198. [PMID: 31923997 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With high level of morbidity and mortality, tumor is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. Aiming to tackle tumor, researchers have developed a lot of strategies. Among these strategies, the minimally invasive therapy (MIT) is very promising, for its capability of targeting tumor cells and resulting in a small incision or no incisions. In this review, we will first illustrate some mechanisms and characteristics of tumor metastasis from the primary tumor to the secondary tumor foci. Then, we will briefly introduce the history, characteristics, and advantages of some of the MITs. Finally, emphasis will be, respectively, focused on an overview of the state-of-the-art of the HIFU-, PDT-, PTT-and SDT-based anti-tumor strategies on each stage of tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Suhui Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huide Ma
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Sujuan Sun
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Duo Zhao
- Ordos Center Hospital, Ordos, Inner Mongolia, 017000, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doan KT, Kshetri P, Attamakulsri N, Newsome DR, Zhou F, Murray CK, Chen WR, Xu G, Vaughan MB. The Effect of Chitosan Derivatives on the Compaction and Tension Generation of the Fibroblast-populated Collagen Matrix. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152713. [PMID: 31357389 PMCID: PMC6696429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as Dupuytren's contracture (DC), involve excess scar tissue formation. The differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a significant mechanism in DC, as it generates tissue contraction in areas without wound openings, leading to the deposition of scar tissue, and eventually flexing one or more fingers in a restrictive fashion. Additionally, DC has a high recurrence rate. Previously, we showed that N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), an immunostimulant, inhibited myofibroblast differentiation in a DC fibroblast culture. Our goal of this study was to expand our previous study to include other DC and normal cell lines and other chitosan derivatives (GC and single-walled carbon nanotube-conjugated GC) to determine the specific mechanism of inhibition. Derivative-incorporated and vehicle control (water) anchored fibroblast-populated collagen matrices (aFPCM) were used to monitor compaction (anchored matrix height reduction) using microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for six days. Fibroblasts were unable to compact chitosan derivative aFPCM to the same extent as vehicle control aFPCM in repeated experiments. Similarly, chitosan derivative aFPCM contracted less than control aFPCM when released from anchorage. Proliferative myofibroblasts were identified by the presence of alpha smooth muscle actin via myofibroblast proliferative assay. In all tested conditions, a small percentage of myofibroblasts and proliferative cells were present. However, when aFPCM were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), all tested samples demonstrated increased myofibroblasts, proliferation, compaction, and contraction. Although compaction and contraction were reduced, there was sufficient tension present in the chitosan derivative aFPCM to allow exogenous stimulation of the myofibroblast phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Tu Doan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Pratiksha Kshetri
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Natthapume Attamakulsri
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Derek R Newsome
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Engineering and Physics, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Cynthia K Murray
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Wei R Chen
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Engineering and Physics, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Gang Xu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
- Department of Engineering and Physics, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA
| | - Melville B Vaughan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research (CIBER), College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
- Department of Biology, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N. University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
N-dihydrogalactochitosan as immune and direct antitumor agent amplifying the effects of photodynamic therapy and photodynamic therapy-generated vaccines. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 75:105764. [PMID: 31352327 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming apparent that to obtain robust and prolonged antitumor responses in cancer immunotherapy, appropriate adjunct agents promoting both tumor antigen delivery and immune rejection enhancement are critically required. The semisynthetic biopolymer N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC) is emerging as a promising such candidate. In the present study, the effects of GC were investigated when combined with cancer vaccines generated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) using mouse tumor model SCCVII (squamous cell carcinoma). The adjunct GC treatment was found to enhance therapeutic benefit obtained with PDT vaccine, while reducing the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Another important property of GC is promoting directly the death of SCCVII cells sustaining injury from PDT mediated by various photosensitizers. This effect is extended to cells treated by cryoablation therapy (CAT) performed by exposure to -80 °C. A capacity of GC for preferential binding to PDT treated cells was demonstrated using fluorescence microscopy. In vitro testing with specific caspase-1 inhibitor revealed a pro-survival role of this enzyme in membrane lipid repair mechanisms following combined PDT plus GC treatment. In conclusion, GC represents a uniquely promising adjunct for various PDT protocols, photothermal and similar rapid tumor-ablating therapies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng B, Gao F, Maissy E, Xu P. Repurposing suramin for the treatment of breast cancer lung metastasis with glycol chitosan-based nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 2019; 84:378-390. [PMID: 30528604 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Suramin (SM), a drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness therapy, has been investigated in various clinical trials for cancer therapy. However, SM was eventually withdrawn from the market because of its narrow therapeutic window and the side effects associated with multiple targets. In this work, we developed a simple but effective system based on a nontoxic dose of SM combined with a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). SM and glycol chitosan (GCS) formed nanogels because of the electrostatic effect, whereas doxorubicin (DOX) was incorporated into the system through the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions between DOX and GCS as well as the ionic interactions between DOX and SM to yield GCS-SM/DOX nanoparticles (NPs). GCS-SM/DOX NPs have a size of approximately 186 nm and a spherical morphology. In vitro experiments showed that GCS-SM NPs could effectively inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, as well as angiogenesis. Furthermore, in a TNBC lung metastasis animal model, GCS-SM/DOX NPs significantly reduced tumor burden and extended the lifespan of animals, while not inducing cardio and renal toxicities associated with the DOX and SM, respectively. As all the components used in this system are biocompatible and easy for large-scale fabrication, the GCS-SM/DOX system is highly translatable for the metastatic breast cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The doxorubicin-loaded glycol chitosan-suramin nanoparticle (GCS-SM/DOX) is novel in the following aspects: SM acts as not only a gelator for the first time in the preparation of the nanoparticle but also an active pharmaceutical agent in the dosage form. GCS-SM/DOX NP significantly reduced tumor burden and extended the lifespan of animals with triple-negative breast cancer lung metastasis. GCS-SM/DOX NPs attenuate cardio and renal toxicities associated with the DOX and SM. The GCS-SM/DOX system is highly translatable because of its simple, one-pot, and easy-to-scale-up preparation protocol.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu IL, Chen C, Tung CY, Chen HH, Pan JP, Chang CH, Cheng JS, Chen YA, Wang CH, Huang CW, Kang YN, Chang HY, Li LL, Chang KP, Shih YH, Lin CH, Kwan SY, Tsai JW. Identification of genes associated with cortical malformation using a transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis screen in mice. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2498. [PMID: 29950674 PMCID: PMC6021418 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes involved in the production, migration, or differentiation of cortical neurons often lead to malformations of cortical development (MCDs). However, many genetic mutations involved in MCD pathogenesis remain unidentified. Here we developed a genetic screening paradigm based on transposon-mediated somatic mutagenesis by in utero electroporation and the inability of mutant neuronal precursors to migrate to the cortex and identified 33 candidate MCD genes. Consistent with the screen, several genes have already been implicated in neural development and disorders. Functional disruption of the candidate genes by RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9 causes altered neuronal distributions that resemble human cortical dysplasia. To verify potential clinical relevance of these candidate genes, we analyzed somatic mutations in brain tissue from patients with focal cortical dysplasia and found that mutations are enriched in these candidate genes. These results demonstrate that this approach is able to identify potential mouse genes involved in cortical development and MCD pathogenesis. Cortical malformations have a variety of causes. Here the authors use transposon mutagenesis to insert mutations into neural stem cells in the developing mouse cortex to screen for new candidate genes for cortical malformation, and validate some targets in human brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ling Lu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Tung
- VYM Genome Research Center of National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ping Pan
- VYM Genome Research Center of National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program (TIGP) in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Cheng
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Wang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Huang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Kang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Lei-Li Li
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center of National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yeong Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan. .,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
El-Hussein A, Lam SSK, Raker J, Chen WR, Hamblin MR. N-dihydrogalactochitosan as a potent immune activator for dendritic cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:963-972. [PMID: 28028922 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become one of the fastest growing areas of cancer research. A promising in situ autologous cancer vaccine (inCVAX) uses a novel immune activator, N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), that possesses the ability to stimulate dendritic cells (DC). inCVAX is a combination treatment procedure involving treatment of the tumor with a thermal near-infrared laser to liberate whole cell tumor antigens, followed by injection of GC (a glucosamine polymer with galactose attached to the amino groups) into the treated tumor thereby inducing a systemic antitumor immune response. Regression of both the treated tumor and distant untreated metastases has been observed in both nonclinical and clinical settings following inCVAX. We studied the stimulatory action of GC on relatively immature DCs (DC2.4 cell line) in vitro. GC at 1 mg/mL was a potent stimulator for DC with limited toxicity, giving increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class 2, CD80, and CD11c. Confocal imaging also revealed qualitatively increased uptake of antigen (Texas red-labeled ovalbumin) by DCs after the introduction of GC. To visualize cellular uptake, GC was conjugated with FITC-fluorophore revealing its cellular internalization after 8 hours. In some cases GC was more effective than the toxic TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 963-972, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Hussein
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,The National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samuel S K Lam
- Immunophotonics, Inc, 4320 Forest Park Ave, Suite #303, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Joseph Raker
- Immunophotonics, Inc, 4320 Forest Park Ave, Suite #303, St. Louis, Missouri 63108
| | - Wei R Chen
- University of Central Oklahoma, 100 N University Dr, Edmond, Oklahoma 73034
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang S, Du Q, Liu T, Tan L, Niu M, Gao L, Huang Z, Fu C, Ma T, Meng X, Shao H. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Microwave Thermotherapy of Cancer Using Novel Chitosan Microcapsules. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:334. [PMID: 27422776 PMCID: PMC4947076 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we develop a novel integrated strategy for the preparation of theranostic chitosan microcapsules by encapsulating ion liquids (ILs) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The as-prepared chitosan/Fe3O4@IL microcapsules exhibit not only significant heating efficacy in vitro under microwave (MW) irradiation but also obvious enhancement of T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, besides the excellent biocompatibility in physiological environments. The chitosan/Fe3O4@IL microcapsules show ideal temperature rise and therapeutic efficiency when applied to microwave thermal therapy in vivo. Complete tumor elimination is realizing after MW irradiation at an ultralow power density (1.8 W/cm(2)), while neither the MW group nor the chitosan microcapsule group has significant influence on the tumor development. The applicability of the chitosan/Fe3O4@IL microcapsules as an efficient contrast agent for MR imaging is proved in vivo. Moreover, the result of in vivo systematic toxicity shows that chitosan/Fe3O4@IL microcapsules have no acute fatal toxicity. Our study presents an interesting type of multifunctional platform developed by chitosan microcapsule promising for imaging-guided MW thermotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsong Tang
- />Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- />College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Qijun Du
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Longfei Tan
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Meng Niu
- />Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Gao
- />Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- />College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Changhui Fu
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Tengchuang Ma
- />Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- />Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Center for Micro/Nanomaterials and Technology and Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Haibo Shao
- />Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Road, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Paproski RJ, Jovel J, Wong GKS, Lewis JD, Zemp RJ. Enhanced Detection of Cancer Biomarkers in Blood-Borne Extracellular Vesicles Using Nanodroplets and Focused Ultrasound. Cancer Res 2016; 77:3-13. [PMID: 27793845 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of personalized medicine approaches will be greatly improved by the development of noninvasive methods to interrogate tumor biology. Extracellular vesicles shed by solid tumors into the bloodstream have been under recent investigation as a source of tumor-derived biomarkers such as proteins and nucleic acids. We report here an approach using submicrometer perfluorobutane nanodroplets and focused ultrasound to enhance the release of extracellular vesicles from specific locations in tumors into the blood. The released extracellular vesicles were enumerated and characterized using micro flow cytometry. Only in the presence of nanodroplets could ultrasound release appreciable levels of tumor-derived vesicles into the blood. Sonication of HT1080-GFP tumors did not increase the number of circulating tumor cells or the metastatic burden in the tumor-bearing embryos. A variety of biological molecules were successfully detected in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles, including cancer-associated proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs. Sonication of xenograft HT1080 fibrosarcoma tumors released extracellular vesicles that contained detectable RAC1 mRNA with the highly tumorigenic N92I mutation known to exist in HT1080 cells. Deep sequencing serum samples of embryos with sonicated tumors allowed the identification of an additional 13 known heterozygous mutations in HT1080 cells. Applying ultrasound to HT1080 tumors increased tumor-derived DNA in the serum by two orders of magnitude. This work is the first demonstration of enhanced extracellular vesicle release by ultrasound stimulation and suggests that nanodroplets/ultrasound offers promise for genetic profiling of tumor phenotype and aggressiveness by stimulating the release of extracellular vesicles. Cancer Res; 77(1); 3-13. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Paproski
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juan Jovel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gane Ka-Shu Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Roger J Zemp
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Molecular Weight-Dependent Immunostimulative Activity of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan via Regulating NF-κB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Macrophages. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090169. [PMID: 27657093 PMCID: PMC5039540 DOI: 10.3390/md14090169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives such as low molecular weight chitosans (LMWCs) have been found to possess many important biological properties, such as antioxidant and antitumor effects. In our previous study, LMWCs were found to elicit a strong immunomodulatory response in macrophages dependent on molecular weight. Herein we further investigated the molecular weight-dependent immunostimulative activity of LMWCs and elucidated its mechanism of action on RAW264.7 macrophages. LMWCs (3 kDa and 50 kDa of molecular weight) could significantly enhance the mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-10 and MCP-1 in a molecular weight and concentration-dependent manner. The results suggested that LMWCs elicited a significant immunomodulatory response, which was dependent on the dose and the molecular weight. Regarding the possible molecular mechanism of action, LMWCs promoted the expression of the genes of key molecules in NF-κB and AP-1 pathways, including IKKβ, TRAF6 and JNK1, and induced the phosphorylation of protein IKBα in RAW264.7 macrophage. Moreover, LMWCs increased nuclear translocation of p65 and activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1, C-Jun and C-Fos) in a molecular weight-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggested that LMWCs exert immunostimulative activity via activation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways in RAW264.7 macrophages in a molecular weight-dependent manner and that 3 kDa LMWC shows great potential as a novel agent for the treatment of immune suppression diseases and in future vaccines.
Collapse
|
25
|
Elsaid N, Jackson TL, Elsaid Z, Alqathama A, Somavarapu S. PLGA Microparticles Entrapping Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for the Ocular Delivery of Ranibizumab. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:2923-40. [PMID: 27286558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of certified vision loss worldwide. The standard treatment for neovascular AMD involves repeated intravitreal injections of therapeutic proteins directed against vascular endothelial growth factor, such as ranibizumab. Biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), form delivery vehicles which can be used to treat posterior segment eye diseases, but suffer from poor protein loading and release. This work describes a "system-within-system", PLGA microparticles incorporating chitosan-based nanoparticles, for improved loading and sustained intravitreal delivery of ranibizumab. Chitosan-N-acetyl-l-cysteine (CNAC) was synthesized and its synthesis confirmed using FT-IR and (1)H NMR. Chitosan-based nanoparticles composed of CNAC, CNAC/tripolyphosphate (CNAC/TPP), chitosan, chitosan/TPP (chit/TPP), or chit/TPP-hyaluronic acid (chit/TPP-HA) were incorporated in PLGA microparticles using a modified w/o/w double emulsion method. Nanoparticles and final nanoparticles-within-microparticles were characterized for their protein-nanoparticle interaction, size, zeta potential, morphology, protein loading, stability, in vitro release, in vivo antiangiogenic activity, and effects on cell viability. The prepared nanoparticles were 17-350 nm in size and had zeta potentials of -1.4 to +12 mV. Microscopic imaging revealed spherical nanoparticles on the surface of PLGA microparticles for preparations containing chit/TPP, CNAC, and CNAC/TPP. Ranibizumab entrapment efficiency in the preparations varied between 13 and 69% and was highest for the PLGA microparticles containing CNAC nanoparticles. This preparation also showed the slowest release with no initial burst release compared to all other preparations. Incorporation of TPP to this formulation increased the rate of protein release and reduced entrapment efficiency. PLGA microparticles containing chit/TPP-HA showed the fastest and near-complete release of ranibizumab. All of the prepared empty particles showed no effect on cell viability up to a concentration of 12.5 mg/mL. Ranibizumab released from all preparations maintained its structural integrity and in vitro activity. The chit/TPP-HA preparation enhanced antiangiogenic activity and may provide a potential biocompatible platform for enhanced antiangiogenic activity in combination with ranibizumab. In conclusion, the PLGA microparticles containing CNAC nanoparticles showed significantly improved ranibizumab loading and release profile. This novel drug delivery system may have potential for improved intravitreal delivery of therapeutic proteins, thereby reducing the frequency, risk, and cost of burdensome intravitreal injections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naba Elsaid
- University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zeeneh Elsaid
- University College London School of Pharmacy , London, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang WK, Lin ST, Chang WW, Liu LW, Li TYT, Kuo CY, Hsieh JL, Lee CH. Hinokitiol induces autophagy in murine breast and colorectal cancer cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:77-84. [PMID: 25044443 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hinokitiol is found in the heartwood of cupressaceous plants and possesses several biological activities. Hinokitiol may play an important role in anti-inflammation and antioxidant processes, making it potentially useful in therapies for inflammatory-mediated disease. Previously, the suppression of tumor growth by hinokitiol has been shown to occur through apoptosis. Programmed cell death can also occur through autophagy, but the mechanism of hinokitiol-induced autophagy in tumor cells is poorly defined. We used an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine) to demonstrate that hinokitiol can induce cell death via an autophagic pathway. Further, we suggest that hinokitiol induces autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Markers of autophagy were increased after tumor cells were treated with hinokitiol. In addition, immunoblotting revealed that the levels of phosphoprotein kinase B (P-AKT), phosphomammalian target of rapamycin (P-mTOR), and phospho-p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (P-p70S6K) in tumor cells were decreased after hinokitiol treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that hinokitiol induces the autophagic signaling pathway via downregulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Therefore, our findings show that hinokitiol may control tumor growth by inducing autophagic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Song-Tao Lin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Science and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Liu
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tom Yu-Tung Li
- Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chun-Yu Kuo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Long Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
InCVAX--a novel strategy for treatment of late-stage, metastatic cancers through photoimmunotherapy induced tumor-specific immunity. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:169-77. [PMID: 25633839 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel, promising potential cancer vaccine strategy was proposed to use a two-injection procedure for solid tumors to prompt the immune system to identify and systemically eliminate primary and metastatic cancers. The two-injection procedure consists of local photothermal application on a selected tumor intended to liberate whole cell tumor antigens, followed by a local injection of an immunoadjuvant that consists of a semi-synthetic functionalized glucosamine polymer, N-dihydro-galacto-chitosan (GC), which is intended to activate antigen presenting cells and facilitate an increased uptake of tumor antigens. This strategy is thus proposed as an in situ autologous cancer vaccine (inCVAX) that may activate antigen presenting cells and expose them to tumor antigens in situ, with the intention of inducing a systemic tumor specific T-cell response. Here, the development of inCVAX for the treatment of metastatic cancers in the past decades is systematically reviewed. The antitumor immune responses of local photothermal treatment and immunological stimulation with GC are also discussed. This treatment approach is also commonly referred to as laser immunotherapy (LIT).
Collapse
|