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Jin S, Li Y, Xia T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Hu H, Chang Q, Yan M. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of selective autophagy in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00041-9. [PMID: 38295876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, whereas there is no approved drug therapy due to its complexity. Studies are emerging to discuss the role of selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, because the specificity among the features of selective autophagy makes it a crucial process in mitigating hepatocyte damage caused by aberrant accumulation of dysfunctional organelles, for which no other pathway can compensate. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the types, functions, and dynamics of selective autophagy that are of particular importance in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. And on this basis, the review outlines the therapeutic strategies against NAFLD, in particular the medications and potential natural products that can modulate selective autophagy in the pathogenesis of this disease. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW The critical roles of lipophagy and mitophagy in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are well established, while reticulophagy and pexophagy are still being identified in this disease due to the insufficient understanding of their molecular details. As gradual blockage of autophagic flux reveals the complexity of NAFLD, studies unraveling the underlying mechanisms have made it possible to successfully treat NAFLD with multiple pharmacological compounds that target associated pathways. Overall, it is convinced that the continued research into selective autophagy occurring in NAFLD will further enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis and uncover novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Jin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianji Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yongguang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, China.
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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2
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Cui A, Li X, Ma X, Song Z, Wang X, Wang C, Xia Y. Quantitative transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveals corosolic acid inhibiting bladder cancer via suppressing cell cycle and inducing mitophagy in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 480:116749. [PMID: 37939859 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA) is a plant-derived terpenoid compound with many health benefits. However, the anti-tumor effects of CA in bladder cancer remain unexplored. Here, we found that CA inhibited bladder tumor both in vitro and in vivo, and had no significant toxicity in mice. With the aid of transcriptomics and proteomics, we elucidated the regulatory network mechanism of CA inhibiting bladder cancer. Through cell viability detection, cell fluorescence staining and flow cytometry, we discovered that CA inhibited bladder cancer mainly through blocking cell cycle. Interestingly, CA played anticancer roles by distinct mechanisms at different concentrations: low concentrations (<7.0 μg/ml) of CA mainly inhibited DNA synthesis by downregulating TOP2A and LIG1, and diminished mitosis by downregulating CCNA2, CCNB1, CDC20, and RRM2; high concentrations (≥7.0 μg/ml) of CA induced cell death through triggering mitophagy via upregulating NBR1, TAXBP1, SQSTM1/P62, and UBB. CA, as a natural molecule of homology of medicine and food, is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cancer patients following clarifying its anti-cancer mechanism. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of CA inhibition in bladder cancer, which is helpful for the development of new anti-tumor drugs based on CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfang Cui
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Jining First People's Hospital, Jining 272106, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Precision Medicine Laboratory for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases of Shandong Province, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.
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3
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Qiu L, Jing Q, Li Y, Han J. RNA modification: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:25. [PMID: 37612540 PMCID: PMC10447785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are dynamic and reversible chemical modifications on substrate RNA that are regulated by specific modifying enzymes. They play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes in various diseases, such as the development of cancer and other diseases. With the help of advanced sequencing technologies, the role of RNA modifications has caught increasing attention in human diseases in scientific research. In this review, we briefly summarized the basic mechanisms of several common RNA modifications, including m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, Ψ, A-to-I editing and ac4C. Importantly, we discussed their potential functions in human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic and developmental diseases, as well as immune disorders. Through the "writing-erasing-reading" mechanisms, RNA modifications regulate the stability, translation, and localization of pivotal disease-related mRNAs to manipulate disease development. Moreover, we also highlighted in this review all currently available RNA-modifier-targeting small molecular inhibitors or activators, most of which are designed against m6A-related enzymes, such as METTL3, FTO and ALKBH5. This review provides clues for potential clinical therapy as well as future study directions in the RNA modification field. More in-depth studies on RNA modifications, their roles in human diseases and further development of their inhibitors or activators are needed for a thorough understanding of epitranscriptomics as well as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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4
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Shen ZF, Li L, Zhu XM, Liu XH, Klionsky DJ, Lin FC. Current opinions on mitophagy in fungi. Autophagy 2023; 19:747-757. [PMID: 35793406 PMCID: PMC9980689 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, as one of the most important cellular processes to ensure quality control of mitochondria, aims at transporting damaged, aging, dysfunctional or excess mitochondria to vacuoles (plants and fungi) or lysosomes (mammals) for degradation and recycling. The normal functioning of mitophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis from yeasts to humans. Although the role of mitophagy has been well studied in mammalian cells and in certain model organisms, especially the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our understanding of its significance in other fungi, particularly in pathogenic filamentous fungi, is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have shown that mitophagy plays a vital role in spore production, vegetative growth and virulence of pathogenic fungi, which are very different from its roles in mammal and yeast. In this review, we summarize the functions of mitophagy for mitochondrial quality and quantity control, fungal growth and pathogenesis that have been reported in the field of molecular biology over the past two decades. These findings may help researchers and readers to better understand the multiple functions of mitophagy and provide new perspectives for the study of mitophagy in fungal pathogenesis.Abbreviations: AIM/LIR: Atg8-family interacting motif/LC3-interacting region; BAR: Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CK2: casein kinase 2; Cvt: cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; mETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OPTN: optineurin; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PX: Phox homology; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Tang L, Song Y, Xu J, Chu Y. The role of selective autophagy in pathogen infection. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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6
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Wan C, Ling Q. Functions of autophagy in chloroplast protein degradation and homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:993215. [PMID: 36247630 PMCID: PMC9557084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.993215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are defining organelles in plant and algae, which carried out various critical metabolic processes, including photosynthesis. Roles of chloroplast protein homeostasis in plant development and stress adaptation were clearly demonstrated in previous studies, and its maintenance requires internal proteases originated from the prokaryotic ancestor. Recently, increasing evidence revealed that eukaryotic proteolytic pathways, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy, are also involved in the turnover of chloroplast proteins, in response to developmental and environmental cues. Notably, chloroplasts can be regulated via the selective degradation of chloroplast materials in a process called chlorophagy. Yet, understandings of the mechanism of chlorophagy are still rudimentary, particularly regarding its initiation and operation. Here we provide an updated overview of autophagy pathways for chloroplast protein degradation and discuss their importance for plant physiology. In addition, recent advance in analogous mitophagy in yeast and mammals will also be discussed, which provides clues for further elucidating the mechanism of chlorophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and John Innes Centre, Center of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Sciences (CEPAMS), Shanghai, China
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7
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Gao Y, Wang C, Jiang D, An G, Jin F, Zhang J, Han G, Cui C, Jiang P. New insights into the interplay between autophagy and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neuronal cell death and survival. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994037. [PMID: 36187470 PMCID: PMC9524158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that maintains the normal homeostasis of cells by digesting and degrading aging proteins and damaged organelles. The effect of autophagy on neural tissue is still a matter of debate. Some authors suggest that autophagy has a protective effect on nerve cells, whereas others suggest that autophagy also induces the death of nerve cells and aggravates nerve injury. In mammals, oxidative stress, autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) constitute important defense mechanisms to help cells adapt to and survive the stress conditions caused by physiological and pathological stimuli. Under many pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS are integrated and amplified in cells to promote the progress of diseases. Over the past few decades, oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS and their interactions have been a hot topic in biomedical research. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the interactions between oxidative stress, autophagy and ERS in neuronal cell death and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahao Gao
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang An
- Clinical Medical School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Junchen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Guangkui Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
| | - Pei Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- *Correspondence: Changmeng Cui, ; Pei Jiang,
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8
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Wu NN, Bi Y, Ajoolabady A, You F, Sowers J, Wang Q, Ceylan AF, Zhang Y, Ren J. Parkin Insufficiency Accentuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiac Remodeling and Contractile Dysfunction Through VDAC1-Mediated Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:779-796. [PMID: 36061337 PMCID: PMC9436824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload contributes to obesity cardiomyopathy, yet mechanisms that directly regulate it remain elusive. The authors investigated the role of Parkin on obesity-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in human hearts and a mouse model of 24-week high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Parkin knockout aggravated HFD-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and apoptosis without affecting global metabolism, blood pressure, and aortic stiffness. Parkin deficiency unmasked HFD-induced decline in voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) type 1 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system but not other VDAC isoforms or mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex. These data suggest that Parkin-mediated proteolysis of VDAC type 1 is a promising therapeutic target for obesity cardiomyopathy.
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Key Words
- AMCM, adult murine cardiomyocyte
- BP, blood pressure
- Ca2+ overload
- HFD, high-fat diet
- LFD, low-fat diet
- LV, left ventricular
- MCU, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter
- PA, palmitic acid
- Parkin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TR90, time to 90% relengthening
- VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel
- VDAC1
- WT, wild-type
- heart
- high-fat diet
- mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- mitochondria
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne N. Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaguang Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei You
- Department of Cardiology, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - James Sowers
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Qiurong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asli F. Ceylan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jurcau A. Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11847. [PMID: 34769277 PMCID: PMC8584731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing. Due to intensive research, important steps in the elucidation of pathogenetic cascades have been made and significantly implicated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. However, the available treatment in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is mainly symptomatic, providing minor benefits and, at most, slowing down the progression of the disease. Although in preclinical setting, drugs targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress yielded encouraging results, clinical trials failed or had inconclusive results. It is likely that by the time of clinical diagnosis, the pathogenetic cascades are full-blown and significant numbers of neurons have already degenerated, making it impossible for mitochondria-targeted or antioxidant molecules to stop or reverse the process. Until further research will provide more efficient molecules, a healthy lifestyle, with plenty of dietary antioxidants and avoidance of exogenous oxidants may postpone the onset of neurodegeneration, while familial cases may benefit from genetic testing and aggressive therapy started in the preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Jurcau
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania;
- Neurology Ward, Clinical Municipal Hospital “dr. G. Curteanu” Oradea, 410154 Oradea, Romania
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10
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Hou P, Yang K, Jia P, Liu L, Lin Y, Li Z, Li J, Chen S, Guo S, Pan J, Wu J, Peng H, Zeng W, Li C, Liu Y, Guo D. A novel selective autophagy receptor, CCDC50, delivers K63 polyubiquitination-activated RIG-I/MDA5 for degradation during viral infection. Cell Res 2021; 31:62-79. [PMID: 32612200 PMCID: PMC7852694 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved process that delivers cytosolic substances to the lysosome for degradation, but its direct role in the regulation of antiviral innate immunity remains poorly understood. Here, through high-throughput screening, we discovered that CCDC50 functions as a previously unknown autophagy receptor that negatively regulates the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway initiated by RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), the sensors for RNA viruses. The expression of CCDC50 is enhanced by viral infection, and CCDC50 specifically recognizes K63-polyubiquitinated RLRs, thus delivering the activated RIG-I/MDA5 for autophagic degradation. The association of CCDC50 with phagophore membrane protein LC3 is confirmed by crystal structure analysis. In contrast to other known autophagic cargo receptors that associate with either the LIR-docking site (LDS) or the UIM-docking site (UDS) of LC3, CCDC50 can bind to both LDS and UDS, representing a new type of cargo receptor. In mouse models with RNA virus infection, CCDC50 deficiency reduces the autophagic degradation of RIG-I/MDA5 and promotes type I IFN responses, resulting in enhanced viral resistance and improved survival rates. These results reveal a new link between autophagy and antiviral innate immune responses and provide additional insights into the regulatory mechanisms of RLR-mediated antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Kongxiang Yang
- Modern Virology Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Penghui Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Lan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Zibo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Shuliang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Shuting Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Ji'An Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Hong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Weijie Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Yingfang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies (CIIS), Seventh Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518107, China.
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Belousov DM, Mikhaylenko EV, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Dawn of Mitophagy: What Do We Know by Now? Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:170-192. [PMID: 32442087 PMCID: PMC8033973 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200522202319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for healthy eukaryotic cells. They produce energyrich phosphate bond molecules (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation using ionic gradients. The presence of mitophagy pathways in healthy cells enhances cell protection during mitochondrial damage. The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway is the most studied for mitophage. In addition, there are other mechanisms leading to mitophagy (FKBP8, NIX, BNIP3, FUNDC1, BCL2L13). Each of these provides tethering of a mitochondrion to an autophagy apparatus via the interaction between receptor proteins (Optineurin, p62, NDP52, NBR1) or the proteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane with ATG9-like proteins (LC3A, LC3B, GABARAP, GABARAPL1, GATE16). Another pathogenesis of mitochondrial damage is mitochondrial depolarization. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidant responsive elements (AREs) along with antioxidant genes, including pro-autophagic genes, are all involved in mitochondrial depolarization. On the other hand, mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) and AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) are the major regulatory factors modulating mitophagy at the post-translational level. Protein-protein interactions are involved in controlling other mitophagy processes. The objective of the present review is to analyze research findings regarding the main pathways of mitophagy induction, recruitment of the autophagy machinery, and their regulations at the levels of transcription, post-translational modification and protein-protein interaction that appeared to be the main target during the development and maturation of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecil E. Kirkland
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426, USA & GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;, E-mails: ,
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, 26426, USA & GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;, E-mails: ,
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12
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Li W, He P, Huang Y, Li YF, Lu J, Li M, Kurihara H, Luo Z, Meng T, Onishi M, Ma C, Jiang L, Hu Y, Gong Q, Zhu D, Xu Y, Liu R, Liu L, Yi C, Zhu Y, Ma N, Okamoto K, Xie Z, Liu J, He RR, Feng D. Selective autophagy of intracellular organelles: recent research advances. Theranostics 2021; 11:222-256. [PMID: 33391472 PMCID: PMC7681076 DOI: 10.7150/thno.49860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system (the vacuole in plants and yeast). Autophagy is generally induced by stress, such as oxygen-, energy- or amino acid-deprivation, irradiation, drugs, etc. In addition to non-selective bulk degradation, autophagy also occurs in a selective manner, recycling specific organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes and lipid droplets (LDs). This capability makes selective autophagy a major process in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The dysfunction of selective autophagy is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Considering the importance of selective autophagy in cell biology, we systemically review the recent advances in our understanding of this process and its regulatory mechanisms. We emphasize the 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model in selective autophagy for specific organelles or cellular components in yeast and mammals, with a focus on mitophagy and ER-phagy, which are finely described as types of selective autophagy. Additionally, we highlight unanswered questions in the field, helping readers focus on the research blind spots that need to be broken.
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13
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Swerdlow NS, Wilkins HM. Mitophagy and the Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249661. [PMID: 33352896 PMCID: PMC7765816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress mechanisms have long been associated with neuronal loss and neurodegenerative diseases. The origin of cell stress and neuronal loss likely stems from multiple pathways. These include (but are not limited to) bioenergetic failure, neuroinflammation, and loss of proteostasis. Cells have adapted compensatory mechanisms to overcome stress and circumvent death. One mechanism is mitophagy. Mitophagy is a form of macroautophagy, were mitochondria and their contents are ubiquitinated, engulfed, and removed through lysosome degradation. Recent studies have implicated mitophagy dysregulation in several neurodegenerative diseases and clinical trials are underway which target mitophagy pathways. Here we review mitophagy pathways, the role of mitophagy in neurodegeneration, potential therapeutics, and the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie S. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Killackey SA, Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. Mitophagy pathways in health and disease. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202004029. [PMID: 32926082 PMCID: PMC7594502 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process involving the autophagic targeting and clearance of mitochondria destined for removal. Recent insights into the complex nature of the overlapping pathways regulating mitophagy illustrate mitophagy's essential role in maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network. In this review, we highlight recent studies that have changed the way mitophagy is understood, from initiation through lysosomal degradation. We outline the numerous mitophagic receptors and triggers, with a focus on basal and physiologically relevant cues, offering insight into why they lead to mitochondrial removal. We also explore how mitophagy maintains mitochondrial homeostasis at the organ and system levels and how a loss of mitophagy may play a role in a diverse group of diseases, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. With disrupted mitophagy affecting such a wide array of physiological processes, a deeper understanding of how to modulate mitophagy could provide avenues for numerous therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Killackey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J. Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Wu X, Luo L, Kong R, Song Y, Li Q, Nice EC, Wang K. Recent advances in autophagic machinery: a proteomic perspective. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:561-579. [PMID: 32772586 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1808464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular clearance process, by which cytosolic components are delivered to autolysosomes for breakdown and recycling to maintain cellular homeostasis. During the past decades, autophagy has been found to be tightly implicated in various physiological and pathological progresses. Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of the autophagy process will contribute to the development of emerging autophagy-targeting strategies for the treatment of various diseases. Recently, the rapid development of proteomics approaches has enabled the use of large-scale unbiased strategies to unravel autophagy machinery. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will highlight the recent contributions of proteomics strategies in clarifying the autophagy machinery, with an emphasis on the three different types of autophagy (namely macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy). We will also discuss the emerging role of proteomics approaches in investigating the mechanism of the autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway (secretory autophagy). EXPERT OPINION Proteomics has provided an effective strategy for the comprehensive analysis of the autophagy process, which will broaden our understanding of autophagy machinery, and holds great promise for developing clinical therapies targeting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Wu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Center of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Li Luo
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Center of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ruxin Kong
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Center of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yabing Song
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Center of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University , Haikou, P.R. China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Clayton, Australia
| | - Kui Wang
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Center of Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , Chengdu, P.R. China
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16
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NIX compensates lost role of parkin in cd-induced mitophagy in HeLa cells through phosphorylation. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Decision between mitophagy and apoptosis by Parkin via VDAC1 ubiquitination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:4281-4291. [PMID: 32047033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
VDAC1 is a critical substrate of Parkin responsible for the regulation of mitophagy and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that VDAC1 can be either mono- or polyubiquitinated by Parkin in a PINK1-dependent manner. VDAC1 deficient with polyubiquitination (VDAC1 Poly-KR) hampers mitophagy, but VDAC1 deficient with monoubiquitination (VDAC1 K274R) promotes apoptosis by augmenting the mitochondrial calcium uptake through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) channel. The transgenic flies expressing Drosophila Porin K273R, corresponding to human VDAC1 K274R, show Parkinson disease (PD)-related phenotypes including locomotive dysfunction and degenerated dopaminergic neurons, which are relieved by suppressing MCU and mitochondrial calcium uptake. To further confirm the relevance of our findings in PD, we identify a missense mutation of Parkin discovered in PD patients, T415N, which lacks the ability to induce VDAC1 monoubiquitination but still maintains polyubiquitination. Interestingly, Drosophila Parkin T433N, corresponding to human Parkin T415N, fails to rescue the PD-related phenotypes of Parkin-null flies. Taken together, our results suggest that VDAC1 monoubiquitination plays important roles in the pathologies of PD by controlling apoptosis.
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18
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An antibody for analysis of autophagy induction. Nat Methods 2019; 17:232-239. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Functions and Implications of Autophagy in Colon Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111349. [PMID: 31671556 PMCID: PMC6912527 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential function to breakdown cellular proteins and organelles to recycle for new nutrient building blocks. In colorectal cancer, the importance of autophagy is becoming widely recognized as it demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic functions. In colon cancer, cell autonomous and non-autonomous roles for autophagy are essential in growth and progression. However, the mechanisms downstream of autophagy (to reduce or enhance tumor growth) are not well known. Additionally, the signals that activate and coordinate autophagy for tumor cell growth and survival are not clear. Here, we highlight the context- and cargo-dependent role of autophagy in proliferation, cell death, and cargo breakdown.
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20
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Conway O, Akpinar HA, Rogov VV, Kirkin V. Selective Autophagy Receptors in Neuronal Health and Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:2483-2509. [PMID: 31654670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are electrically excitable, postmitotic cells that perform sensory, relaying, and motor functions. Because of their unique morphological and functional specialization, cells of this type are sensitive to the stress caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Autophagy is the fundamental mechanism that ensures sequestration of cytosolic material and its subsequent degradation in lysosomes of eukaryotic cells, thereby providing cell-autonomous nutrients and removing harmful cargos. Strikingly, mice and flies lacking functional autophagy develop early onset progressive neurodegeneration. Like in human neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs)-Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-characteristic protein aggregates observed in autophagy-deficient neurons in the animal models are indicators of the ongoing neuronal pathology. A number of selective autophagy receptors (SARs) have been characterized that interact both with the cargo and components of the autophagic machinery, thus providing the molecular basis for selective degradation of sizable cytosolic components. Interference with autophagy in experimental models, but also during the pathological vagaries in neurons, will thus have far-reaching consequences for a range of selective autophagy pathways critical for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Here, we review the key principles behind the selective autophagy and discuss how the SARs may be involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Using recently published examples, we also examine the emerging role of less well studied selective autophagy pathways in neuronal health and disease. We conclude by discussing targeting selective autophagy as an emerging therapeutic modality in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Conway
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hafize Aysin Akpinar
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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21
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Martinez-Arroyo O, Gruevska A, Victor VM, González-Polo RA, Yakhine-Diop SM, Fuentes JM, Esplugues JV, Blas-Garcia A, Apostolova N. Mitophagy in human astrocytes treated with the antiretroviral drug Efavirenz: Lack of evidence or evidence of the lack. Antiviral Res 2019; 168:36-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Yang M, Linn BS, Zhang Y, Ren J. Mitophagy and mitochondrial integrity in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2293-2302. [PMID: 31100337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR injury), produced by initial interruption and subsequent restoration of organ blood flow, is an important clinical dilemma accompanied by various cardiac reperfusion strategies following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Although the restored blood flow is necessary for oxygen and nutrient supply, reperfusion often results in pathological sequelae leading to elevated ischemic damage. Among various theories postulated for IR injury including vascular leakage, oxidative stress, leukocyte entrapment, inflammation and apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction plays an essential role in mediating pathophysiological processes with recent evidence depicting a pivotal role for impaired mitophagy in mitochondrial injury. Given the critical role for mitophagy in mitochondrial quality control and the recent reports supporting a tie between mitophagy and IR injury, this review will revisit the contemporary understanding of mitophagy in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and update recent progresses with regards to mitophagy and cardiac IR injury. We hope to establish a role for mitophagy as a potential therapeutic target in the management of IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Becky S Linn
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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23
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Niu F, Dong J, Xu X, Zhang B, Liu B. Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1 Prevents Early-Stage Induction of Mitophagy and Accelerated Cell Death in a Rat Model of Moderate Controlled Cortical Impact Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2019; 122:e1090-e1101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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The Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Activates a Mitophagic Pathway in Human Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120502. [PMID: 30545093 PMCID: PMC6316568 DOI: 10.3390/md16120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine dinoflagellates are a valuable source of bioactive molecules. Many species produce cytotoxic compounds and some of these compounds have also been investigated for their anticancer potential. Here, we report the first investigation of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum as source of water-soluble compounds with antiproliferative activity against human lung cancer cells. A multi-step enrichment of the phenol–water extract yielded a bioactive fraction with specific antiproliferative effect (IC50 = 0.4 µg·mL−1) against the human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cell line). Preliminary characterization of this material suggested the presence of glycoprotein with molecular weight above 20 kDa. Interestingly, this fraction did not exhibit any cytotoxicity against human normal lung fibroblasts (WI38). Differential gene expression analysis in A549 cancer cells suggested that the active fraction induces specific cell death, triggered by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). In agreement with the cell viability results, gene expression data also showed that no mitophagic event was activated in normal cells WI38.
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25
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Wang Y, Tang C, Cai J, Chen G, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Dong Z. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated in cisplatin nephrotoxicity to protect against kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1113. [PMID: 30385753 PMCID: PMC6212494 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug with notorious toxicity in the kidneys, which involves mitochondrial dysfunction and damage in renal tubular cells. Mitophagy is a form of selective autophagy that removes damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria to maintain cellular homeostasis. In this study, we have used mouse and cell models to examine the role and regulation of mitophagy in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin treatment was associated with the activation of autophagy and mitophagy. Rapamycin, a pharmacological inhibitor of mTOR, stimulated autophagy and mitophagy, and alleviated the development of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. PINK1 and Parkin were increased in kidney tissues during cisplatin treatment of mice. In PINK1 or Parkin gene knockout mouse models, both basal and cisplatin-induced mitophagy in kidneys were defective. Compared with wild-type littermates, PINK1 and Parkin knockout mice showed more severe renal functional loss, tissue damage, and apoptosis during cisplatin treatment. The results suggest that PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is activated in cisplatin nephrotoxicity and has a protective role against kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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26
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Kocaturk NM, Gozuacik D. Crosstalk Between Mammalian Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30333975 PMCID: PMC6175981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are the two major intracellular quality control and recycling mechanisms that are responsible for cellular homeostasis in eukaryotes. Ubiquitylation is utilized as a degradation signal by both systems, yet, different mechanisms are in play. The UPS is responsible for the degradation of short-lived proteins and soluble misfolded proteins whereas autophagy eliminates long-lived proteins, insoluble protein aggregates and even whole organelles (e.g., mitochondria, peroxisomes) and intracellular parasites (e.g., bacteria). Both the UPS and selective autophagy recognize their targets through their ubiquitin tags. In addition to an indirect connection between the two systems through ubiquitylated proteins, recent data indicate the presence of connections and reciprocal regulation mechanisms between these degradation pathways. In this review, we summarize these direct and indirect interactions and crosstalks between autophagy and the UPS, and their implications for cellular stress responses and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mehpare Kocaturk
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Devrim Gozuacik
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Multiple recycling routes: Canonical vs. non-canonical mitophagy in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:797-809. [PMID: 30290272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heart is composed of cardiomyocytes that require large amounts of energy to sustain contraction. Mitochondria are distinctive organelles of bacterial origin that generate most of the energy for the heart via oxidative phosphorylation. To ensure a healthy population of mitochondria that efficiently produce ATP, myocytes quickly eliminate any unhealthy or unwanted mitochondria via a process known as mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. It is especially important to selectively remove damaged or aged mitochondria since they can become excessive producers of reactive oxygen species and release pro-death proteins. Because this is such a crucial cellular process, cells have several mechanisms in place to deal with potentially harmful mitochondria. Here, we review the various pathways identified to date and how they are regulated. We also discuss the importance of these canonical and non-canonical pathways in the heart and their link to cardiovascular health, disease and aging.
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28
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A MAPK/c-Jun-mediated switch regulates the initial adaptive and cell death responses to mitochondrial damage in a neuronal cell model. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:73-86. [PMID: 30236993 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is defined by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with PD although it is not fully understood how neurons respond to these stresses. How adaptive and apoptotic neuronal stress response pathways are regulated and the thresholds at which they are activated remains ambiguous. Utilising SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that MAPK/AP-1 pathways are critical in regulating the response to mitochondrial uncoupling. Here we found the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun can act in either a pro- or anti-apoptotic manner, depending on the level of stress. JNK-mediated cell death in differentiated cells only occurred once a threshold of stress was surpassed. We also identified a novel feedback loop between Parkin activity and the c-Jun response, suggesting defective mitophagy may initiate MAPK/c-Jun-mediated neuronal loss observed in PD. Our data supports the hypothesis that blocking cell death pathways upstream of c-Jun as a therapeutic target in PD may not be appropriate due to crossover of the pro- and anti-apoptotic responses. Boosting adaptive responses or targeting specific aspects of the neuronal death response may therefore represent more viable therapeutic strategies.
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29
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Tang C, Han H, Yan M, Zhu S, Liu J, Liu Z, He L, Tan J, Liu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Duan S, Peng Y, Liu F, Yin XM, Zhang Z, Dong Z. PINK1-PRKN/PARK2 pathway of mitophagy is activated to protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Autophagy 2018; 14:880-897. [PMID: 29172924 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1405880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria are toxic to the cell by producing reactive oxygen species and releasing cell death factors. Therefore, timely removal of these organelles is critical to cellular homeostasis and viability. Mitophagy is the mechanism of selective degradation of mitochondria via autophagy. The significance of mitophagy in kidney diseases, including ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), has yet to be established, and the involved pathway of mitophagy remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mitophagy is induced in renal proximal tubular cells in both in vitro and in vivo models of ischemic AKI. Mitophagy under these conditions is abrogated by Pink1 and Park2 deficiency, supporting a critical role of the PINK1-PARK2 pathway in tubular cell mitophagy. Moreover, ischemic AKI is aggravated in pink1 andpark2 single- as well as double-knockout mice. Mechanistically, Pink1 and Park2 deficiency enhances mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species production, and inflammatory response. Taken together, these results indicate that PINK1-PARK2-mediated mitophagy plays an important role in mitochondrial quality control, tubular cell survival, and renal function during AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Tang
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Hailong Han
- b Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Mingjuan Yan
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Shiyao Zhu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Jing Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Liyu He
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- b Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Yu Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Hong Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Lin Sun
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Shaobin Duan
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Youming Peng
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- b Institute of Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China
| | - Zheng Dong
- a Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan , China.,d Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy , Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center , Augusta , GA , USA
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30
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Zimmermann M, Reichert AS. How to get rid of mitochondria: crosstalk and regulation of multiple mitophagy pathways. Biol Chem 2017; 399:29-45. [PMID: 28976890 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are indispensable cellular organelles providing ATP and numerous other essential metabolites to ensure cell survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as side reactions during oxidative phosphorylation or by external agents, induce molecular damage in mitochondrial proteins, lipids/membranes and DNA. To cope with this and other sorts of organellar stress, a multi-level quality control system exists to maintain cellular homeostasis. One critical level of mitochondrial quality control is the removal of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy. This process utilizes parts of the general autophagy machinery, e.g. for the formation of autophagosomes but also employs mitophagy-specific factors. Depending on the proteins utilized mitophagy is divided into receptor-mediated and ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy. So far, at least seven receptor proteins are known to be required for mitophagy under different experimental conditions. In contrast to receptor-mediated pathways, the Pink-Parkin-dependent pathway is currently the best characterized ubiquitin-mediated pathway. Recently two additional ubiquitin-mediated pathways with distinctive similarities and differences were unraveled. We will summarize the current state of knowledge about these multiple pathways, explain their mechanism, and describe the regulation and crosstalk between these pathways. Finally, we will review recent evidence for the evolutionary conservation of ubiquitin-mediated mitophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Zimmermann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Rüb C, Wilkening A, Voos W. Mitochondrial quality control by the Pink1/Parkin system. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:111-123. [PMID: 27586587 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a prominent pathological feature in many neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the genes encoding the proteins Pink1 and Parkin have been identified as genetic risk factors in familiar cases of PD. Research during the last decade has identified both proteins as crucial components of an organellar quality control system that contributes to the maintenance of mitochondrial function in healthy cells. The Pink1/Parkin system acts as a sensor for mitochondrial quality and is activated, in particular, after the loss of the electric potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Pink1 molecules accumulate at the surface of damaged mitochondria to recruit and activate Parkin, which, in turn, elicits a signaling pathway eventually leading to the autophagic removal of the damaged organelles. This review summarizes recent advances in our knowledge of the functional role of the Pink1/Parkin system in preventing the accumulation of damaged mitochondria by mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Rüb
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Wilkening
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Voos
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IBMB), Universität Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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