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Chen Z, Lang G, Xu X, Liang X, Han Y, Han Y. The role of NF-kappaB in the inflammatory processes related to dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, and periodontitis-a narrative review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17953. [PMID: 39221277 PMCID: PMC11366231 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tooth-related inflammatory disorders, including caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis (AP), and periodontitis (PD), are primarily caused by resident oral microorganisms. Although these dental inflammatory conditions are typically not life-threatening, neglecting them can result in significant complications and greatly reduce an individual's quality of life. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a family formed by various combinations of Rel proteins, is extensively involved in inflammatory diseases and even cancer. This study reviews recent data on NF-κB signaling and its role in dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), dental pulp fibroblasts (DPFs), odontoblasts, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs), and various experimental animal models. The findings indicate that NF-κB signaling is abnormally activated in caries, pulpitis, AP, and PD, leading to changes in related cellular differentiation. Under specific conditions, NF-κB signaling occasionally interacts with other signaling pathways, affecting inflammation, bone metabolism, and tissue regeneration processes. In summary, data collected over recent years confirm the central role of NF-κB in dental inflammatory diseases, potentially providing new insights for drug development targeting NF-κB signaling pathways in the treatment of these conditions. Keywords: NF-κB, dental caries, pulpitis, apical periodontitis, periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglan Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangping Lang
- Zunyi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Zunyi Medical University, Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinghua Liang
- Zunyi Medical University, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yalin Han
- Zunyi Medical University, Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Zunyi Medical University, Special Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Yu S, Liu XM, Liu Y, Tang L, Lei S, Geng C, Yuan Z, Chen X. Inflammatory microenvironment of moderate pulpitis enhances the osteo-/odontogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells by autophagy. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39031653 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the effects of the inflammatory microenvironment of moderate pulpitis on biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and further explored the mechanism involved in osteo-/odontogenic induction of the inflammatory microenvironment. METHODOLOGY Healthy DPSCs (hDPSCs) and inflammatory DPSCs (iDPSCs) were isolated from human-impacted third molars free of caries and clinically diagnosed with moderate pulpitis, respectively. Healthy DPSCs were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to mimic iDPSCs in vitro. The surface markers expressed on hDPSCs and iDPSCs were detected by flow cytometry. A CCK-8 assay was performed to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. The osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by western blot, alkaline phosphatase staining, and Alizarin Red S staining. The functions of the genes of differentially expressed mRNAs of hDPSCs and iDPSCs were analysed using gene set enrichment analysis. Transmission electron microscopy and western blot were used to evaluate the autophagy changes of LPS-treated DPSCs. RESULTS Compared with hDPSCs, iDPSCs showed no significant difference in proliferative capacity but had stronger osteo-/odontogenic potential. In addition, the mRNAs differentially expressed between iDPSCs and hDPSCs were considerably enriched in autophagosome formation and assembly-related molecules. In vitro mechanism studies further found that low concentrations of LPS could upregulate DPSC autophagy-related protein expression and autophagosome formation and promote its odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation, whereas the inhibition of DPSC autophagy led to the weakening of the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation induced by LPS. CONCLUSIONS This explorative study showed that DPSCs isolated from teeth with moderate pulpitis possessed higher osteo-/odontogenic differentiation capacity, and the mechanism involved was related to the inflammatory microenvironment-mediated autophagy of DPSCs. This helps to better understand the repair potential of inflamed dental pulp and provides the biological basis for pulp preservation and hard tissue formation in minimally invasive endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Mei Liu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Lei
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang Geng
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, China
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Lemos G, Fernandes CMADS, Silva FH, Calmasini FB. The role of autophagy in prostate cancer and prostatic diseases: a new therapeutic strategy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:230-238. [PMID: 38297152 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-024-00793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a well-conserved catabolic process that plays a key role in cell homeostasis. In the prostate, defective autophagy has been implicated in the genesis and progression of several pathological conditions. AIM The present review explored the autophagy pathway in prostate-related dysfunctions, focusing on prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis. RESULTS Impaired autophagy activity has been shown in animal models of BPH and prostatitis. Moreover, autophagy activation by specific and non-specific drugs improved both conditions in pre-clinical studies. Conversely, the efficacy of autophagy inducers in PCa remains controversial, depending on intrinsic PCa characteristics and stage of progression. Intriguingly, autophagy inhibitors have shown beneficial effects in PCa suppression or even to overcome chemotherapy resistance. However, there are still open questions regarding the upstream mechanisms by which autophagy is deregulated in the prostate and the exact role of autophagy in PCa. The lack of specificity and increased toxicity associated with the currently autophagy inhibitors limits its use clinically, reflecting in reduced number of clinical data. CONCLUSION New therapeutic strategies to treat prostatic diseases involving new autophagy modulators, combination therapy and new drug formulations should be explored. Understanding the autophagy signaling in each prostatic disease is crucial to determine the best pharmacological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Lemos
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Henrique Silva
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Sao Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Beraldi Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Zhuang D, Wang S, Deng H, Shi Y, Liu C, Leng X, Zhang Q, Bai F, Zheng B, Guo J, Wu X. Phenformin activates ER stress to promote autophagic cell death via NIBAN1 and DDIT4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma independent of AMPK. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:35. [PMID: 38719825 PMCID: PMC11079060 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still a challenge that demands the development of effective new drugs. Phenformin has been shown to produce more potent anti-tumor activities than metformin on different tumors, however, not much is known about the influence of phenformin on OSCC cells. We found that phenformin suppresses OSCC cell proliferation, and promotes OSCC cell autophagy and apoptosis to significantly inhibit OSCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. RNA-seq analysis revealed that autophagy pathways were the main targets of phenformin and identified two new targets DDIT4 (DNA damage inducible transcript 4) and NIBAN1 (niban apoptosis regulator 1). We found that phenformin significantly induces the expression of both DDIT4 and NIBAN1 to promote OSCC autophagy. Further, the enhanced expression of DDIT4 and NIBAN1 elicited by phenformin was not blocked by the knockdown of AMPK but was suppressed by the knockdown of transcription factor ATF4 (activation transcription factor 4), which was induced by phenformin treatment in OSCC cells. Mechanistically, these results revealed that phenformin triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to activate PERK (protein kinase R-like ER kinase), which phosphorylates the transitional initial factor eIF2, and the increased phosphorylation of eIF2 leads to the increased translation of ATF4. In summary, we discovered that phenformin induces its new targets DDIT4 and especially NIBAN1 to promote autophagic and apoptotic cell death to suppress OSCC cell growth. Our study supports the potential clinical utility of phenformin for OSCC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexuan Zhuang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Huiting Deng
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Leng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxiang Bai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Cedars-Sinai Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xunwei Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
- Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
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Xu X, Wang J, Xia Y, Yin Y, Zhu T, Chen F, Hai C. Autophagy, a double-edged sword for oral tissue regeneration. J Adv Res 2024; 59:141-159. [PMID: 37356803 PMCID: PMC11081970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health is of fundamental importance to maintain systemic health in humans. Stem cell-based oral tissue regeneration is a promising strategy to achieve the recovery of impaired oral tissue. As a highly conserved process of lysosomal degradation, autophagy induction regulates stem cell function physiologically and pathologically. Autophagy activation can serve as a cytoprotective mechanism in stressful environments, while insufficient or over-activation may also lead to cell function dysregulation and cell death. AIM OF REVIEW This review focuses on the effects of autophagy on stem cell function and oral tissue regeneration, with particular emphasis on diverse roles of autophagy in different oral tissues, including periodontal tissue, bone tissue, dentin pulp tissue, oral mucosa, salivary gland, maxillofacial muscle, temporomandibular joint, etc. Additionally, this review introduces the molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during the regeneration of different parts of oral tissue, and how autophagy can be regulated by small molecule drugs, biomaterials, exosomes/RNAs or other specific treatments. Finally, this review discusses new perspectives for autophagy manipulation and oral tissue regeneration. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Overall, this review emphasizes the contribution of autophagy to oral tissue regeneration and highlights the possible approaches for regulating autophagy to promote the regeneration of human oral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China; Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Faming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, PR China.
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Xiao Y, Chen L, Xu Y, Yu R, Lu J, Ke Y, Guo R, Gu T, Yu H, Fang Y, Li Z, Yu J. Circ-ZNF236 mediates stem cells from apical papilla differentiation by regulating LGR4-induced autophagy. Int Endod J 2024; 57:431-450. [PMID: 38240345 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM Human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) are an appealing stem cell source for tissue regeneration engineering. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to exert pivotal regulatory functions in various cell differentiation processes, including osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. However, few studies have shown the potential mechanism of circRNAs in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs. Herein, we identified a novel circRNA, circ-ZNF236 (hsa_circ_0000857) and found that it was remarkably upregulated during the SCAPs committed differentiation. Thus, in this study, we showed the significance of circ-ZNF236 in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs and its underlying regulatory mechanisms. METHODOLOGY The circular structure of circ-ZNF236 was identified via Sanger sequencing, amplification of convergent and divergent primers. The proliferation of SCAPs was detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry analysis and EdU incorporation assay. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining (ARS) were performed to explore the regulatory effect of circ-ZNF236/miR-218-5p/LGR4 axis in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs in vitro. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, as well as dual-luciferase reporting assays, revealed that circ-ZNF236 binds to miR-218-5p. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus were performed to detect the activation of autophagy. RESULTS Circ-ZNF236 was identified as a highly stable circRNA with a covalent closed loop structure. Circ-ZNF236 had no detectable influence on cell proliferation but positively regulated SCAPs odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, circ-ZNF236 was confirmed as a sponge of miR-218-5p in SCAPs, while miR-218-5p targets LGR4 mRNA at its 3'-UTR. Subsequent rescue experiments revealed that circ-ZNF236 regulates odonto/osteogenic differentiation by miR-218-5p/LGR4 in SCAPs. Importantly, circ-ZNF236 activated autophagy, and the activation of autophagy strengthened the committed differentiation capability of SCAPs. Subsequently, in vivo experiments showed that SCAPs overexpressing circ-ZNF236 promoted bone formation in a rat skull defect model. CONCLUSIONS Circ-ZNF236 could activate autophagy through increasing LGR4 expression, thus positively regulating SCAPs odonto/osteogenic differentiation. Our findings suggested that circ-ZNF236 might represent a novel therapeutic target to prompt the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Xu
- Endodontic Department, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiyang Yu
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiamin Lu
- Endodontic Department, Changzhou Stomatological Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Ke
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingjie Gu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haowen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zehan Li
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Jiangsu Province and Stomatological Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhua Yu
- Endodontic Department, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Dong J, Ji B, Jiang Y, Liu K, Guo L, Cui L, Wang H, Li B, Li J. Autophagy activation alleviates the LPS-induced inflammatory response in endometrial epithelial cells in dairy cows. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13820. [PMID: 38332507 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Endometritis is a common disease that affects dairy cow reproduction. Autophagy plays a vital role in cellular homeostasis and modulates inflammation by regulating interactions with innate immune signaling pathways. However, little is known about the regulatory relationship between autophagy and inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs). Thus, we aimed to determine the role of autophagy in the inflammatory response in BEECs. METHODS OF STUDY In the present study, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and autophagy were determined using immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. The induction of autophagosome formation was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that autophagy activation was inhibited in LPS-treated BEECs, while activation of the NF-κB pathway and the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were increased. Furthermore, blocking autophagy with the inhibitor chloroquine increased NF-κB signaling pathway activation and proinflammatory factor expression in LPS-treated BEECs. Conversely, activation of autophagy with the agonist rapamycin inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulated proinflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that LPS-induced inflammation was related to the inhibition of autophagy in BEECs. Thus, the activation of autophagy may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for eliminating inflammation in BEECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | | | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bichun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, China
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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8
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Zhou L, Zhao S, Xing X. Effects of different signaling pathways on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells: a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1272764. [PMID: 37929208 PMCID: PMC10622672 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and protect the pulp. The differentiation of DPSCs can be influenced by biomaterials or growth factors that activate different signaling pathways in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we summarized six major pathways involved in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, Wnt signaling pathways, Smad signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and Notch signaling pathways. Various factors can influence the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through one or more signaling pathways. By understanding the interactions between these signaling pathways, we can expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianghui Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Wichaidit A, Patinotham N, Nukaeow K, Kaewpitak A. Upregulation of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) but not transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) during primary tooth carious progression. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:24-30. [PMID: 36587734 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the changes in Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expression throughout the process of inflammation induced by caries. METHODS Forty primary teeth were obtained from children requiring dental extractions under local or general anesthesia. The teeth were grouped according to three stages reflecting the progression of dental caries: nine with intact dentin, 15 with exposed dentin (but not to the extent of the pulp), and 16 with exposed pulp. Immunofluorescence was used to validate the presence of dental pulp inflammation by demonstrating a decrease in NF-κB nuclear translocation. The expression levels of TRPA1 and TRPV1 were quantified in the pulp horn and the subodontoblastic and midcoronal regions of the pulp. RESULTS The percentage of cells with NF-κB nuclear translocation was highest for teeth with intact dentin and decreased progressively during the progression of caries. TRPA1 expression was lowest in intact teeth and gradually increased as caries advanced. TRPV1 expression was similar in teeth with intact dentin, exposed dentin, and exposed pulp. CONCLUSION The differences in TRPA1 and TRPV1 expression in response to caries suggest that these receptors play unique roles in the immune response during the progression of caries and that the pathophysiology of inflammation in the dental pulp varies between the early and late stages of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Wichaidit
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Namthip Patinotham
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kullanun Nukaeow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aunwaya Kaewpitak
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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10
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Lin L, Zheng Y, Wang C, Li P, Xu D, Zhao W. Concentration-Dependent Cellular Uptake of Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Promotes the Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5393-5405. [PMID: 36816699 PMCID: PMC9933470 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As zero-dimension nanoparticles, graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) have broad potential for regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. However, such regulation of dental pulp cells (DPSCs) with different concentrations of GOQDs is insufficiently investigated, especially on the molecular mechanism. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect and molecular mechanism of GOQDs on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs and to provide a theoretical basis for the repair of pulp vitality by pulp capping. CCK-8, immunofluorescence staining, alkaline phosphatase activity assay and staining, alizarin red staining, qRT-PCR, and western blotting were used to detect the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPSC coculturing with different concentrations of GOQDs. The results indicate that the cellular uptake of low concentration of GOQDs (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/mL) could promote the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of DPCSs. Compared with other concentration groups, 1 μg/mL GOQDs show better ability in such promotion. In addition, with the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway, the mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited in DPSCs after coculturing with GOQDs, which indicates that low concentrations of GOQDs could regulate the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs by the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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11
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Yu S, Wang H, Liu M, Pei F, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Li Q, Chen Z. Loss of ATG5 in KRT14 + cells leads to accumulated functional impairments of salivary glands via pyroptosis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22631. [PMID: 36342387 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200946r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is critically involved in the process of salivary gland (SG) diseases such as xerostomia, which has a serious impact on quality of life. KRT14+ progenitor cells are found to be the main progenitors for maintaining the ductal homeostasis of the submandibular SGs. In this study, we investigated the role of ATG5 in SG KRT14+ cells in mice and humans. Human labial salivary glands (LSG) from primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) and non-pSS patients (normal), and submandibular glands (SMG) from Atg5flox/flox ; Krt14-Cre (cKO) mice were used. ATG5+ KRT14+ and p62+ KRT14+ cells were detected by immunofluorescence staining in LSG. TUNEL, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were performed to detect cell death in SMG. Saliva was collected in 12-week-old (12 W) and 32-week-old (32 W) mice, then the concentration of calcium and buffering capacity were detected to analyze the function of SG. We found that LSG from pSS patients showed increased p62 and decreased ATG5 in KRT14+ cells. We further revealed that in 32 W, (1) the function of salivary glands was significantly impaired in cKO mice, (2) cell death increased in cKO mice, but cl-Caspase 3 was not significantly changed, and (3) cleaved gasdermin D increased and was highly expressed in KRT14+ cells of cKO mice. After applying a pyroptosis inhibitor to 32 W mice, the reduced saliva flow rate was rescued. In addition, pyroptosis was also found in KRT14+ cells of pSS patients. Collectively, our results indicate that Atg5 deficiency would induce pyroptosis in mice SG, which could lead to functional impairments of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Pei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cariology & Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cariology & Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cariology & Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Cho Y, Jeong YJ, Song KH, Chung IK, Magae J, Kwon TK, Choi YH, Kwak JY, Chang YC. 4-O-Methylascochlorin-Mediated BNIP-3 Expression Controls the Balance of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Cervical Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315138. [PMID: 36499465 PMCID: PMC9736141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
4-O-methylascochlorin (MAC) is a 4-fourth carbon-substituted derivative of ascochlorin, a compound extracted from a phytopathogenic fungus Ascochyta viciae. MAC induces apoptosis and autophagy in various cancer cells, but the effects of MAC on apoptosis and autophagy in cervical cancer cells, as well as how the interaction between apoptosis and autophagy mediates the cellular anticancer effects are not known. Here, we investigated that MAC induced apoptotic cell death of cervical cancer cells without regulating the cell cycle and promoted autophagy by inhibiting the phosphorylation of serine-threonine kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K). Additional investigations suggested that Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP-3), but not Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), is a key regulator of MAC-induced apoptosis and autophagy. BNIP-3 siRNA suppressed MAC-induced increases in cleaved- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and LC3II expression. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK suppressed MAC-induced cell death and enhanced MAC-induced autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) enhanced MAC-mediated cell death by increasing BNIP-3 expression. These results indicate that MAC induces apoptosis to promote cell death and stimulates autophagy to promote cell survival by increasing BNIP-3 expression. This study also showed that co-treatment of cells with MAC and CQ further enhanced the death of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Cho
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan-Si 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Junji Magae
- Magae Bioscience Institute, 49-4 Fujimidai, Tsukuba 300-1263, Japan
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Nukaeow K, Patinotham N, Tanasawet S, Kaewpitak A. Upregulation of TRPA1 and reduction of NF-κB translocation could be part of the immunomodulatory process during primary tooth inflammation. Odontology 2022; 110:777-785. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Park SY, Cho HS, Chung KH, Lee BN, Kim SH, Kim WJ, Jung JY. Inactivation of PI3K/Akt promotes the odontoblastic differentiation and suppresses the stemness with autophagic flux in dental pulp cells. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:145-154. [PMID: 35028032 PMCID: PMC8739242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Autophagy is involved in controlling differentiation of various cell types. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism related to autophagy in regulating odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. Materials and methods Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were cultured in differentiation inductive medium (DM) and odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin red S staining, respectively. Tooth cavity preparation was made on the mesial surface of lower first molars in rat. The expression of autophagy-related signal molecules was detected using Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry. Results HDPCs cultured in DM showed increased autophagic flux and declined phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mTOR. Dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP), markers of odontoblastic differentiation, were upregulated and autophagic activation showing increased LC3-II and decreased p62 levels was observed during odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs. However, PI3K blocker 3-methyladenine (3MA), lentiviral shLC3 and Akt activator SC79 attenuated the expression of LC3II as well as DMP-1, ALP activity and mineralization enhanced in HDPCs under DM condition. In addition, 3MA, shLC3 and SC79 recovered the expression of pluripotency factor CD146, Oct4 and Nanog downregulated in DM condition. In rat tooth cavity preparation model, the expression of LC3B and DMP-1 was elevated near odontoblast-dentin layer during reparative dentin formation, whereas 3MA significantly reduced the expression of LC3B and DMP-1. Conclusion These findings indicated autophagy promotes the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells modulating stemness via PI3K/Akt inactivation and the repair of pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Young Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui Seung Cho
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwun Chung
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Na Lee
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hun Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jae Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Jung
- Department of Oral Physiology, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Xu H, Xu F, Zhao J, Zhou C, Liu J. Platelet-Rich Plasma Induces Autophagy and Promotes Regeneration in Human Dental Pulp Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:659742. [PMID: 34568294 PMCID: PMC8455824 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.659742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures using autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can improve the biologic outcome of treatment. However, its mechanism of action on improving pulp regeneration is not fully elucidated. Autophagy was recently shown to be related to tissue repair and osteogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in dental pulp regeneration and to elucidate the role of autophagy involved in this process. Human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) were isolated from healthy dental pulp and co-cultured with an increasing concentration of PRP. Cellular migration and proliferation were determined by scratch assay, transwell assay, and cell-counting kit 8 assay. Osteogenic differentiation was clarified by using alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure the gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, collagen-1, osteocalcin, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein. Autophagic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of autophagy marker light chain 3B (LC3B) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. The mRNA and protein expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 were quantified by qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of PRP on cellular migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was further investigated in the milieu of autophagy activator, rapamycin, and inhibitor, 3-methyladenine. Results showed that PRP promoted cell migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Autophagic bodies were strongly activated and the expression level of LC3B and Beclin-1 was significantly promoted by PRP. Autophagy inhibition suppressed PRP-induced hDPCs migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, whereas autophagy activator substantially augmented PRP-stimulated migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Taken together, these findings suggested that PRP could effectively promote regenerative potentials associated with autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxin Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Caixia Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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16
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Zhou L, Zhang YF, Yang FH, Mao HQ, Chen Z, Zhang L. Mitochondrial DNA leakage induces odontoblast inflammation via the cGAS-STING pathway. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:58. [PMID: 34016129 PMCID: PMC8136190 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a vital driver of inflammation when it leaks from damaged mitochondria into the cytosol. mtDNA stress may contribute to cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway activation in infectious diseases. Odontoblasts are the first cells challenged by cariogenic bacteria and involved in maintenance of the pulp immune and inflammatory responses to dentine-invading pathogens. In this study, we investigated that mtDNA as an important inflammatory driver participated in defending against bacterial invasion via cGAS-STING pathway in odontoblasts. Methods The normal tissues, caries tissues and pulpitis tissues were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Pulpitis model was built in vitro to evaluated the effect of the cGAS-STING pathway in odontoblast-like cell line (mDPC6T) under inflammation. Western blot and real-time PCR were performed to detect the expression of cGAS-STING pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The mitochondrial function was evaluated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria using MitoSOX Red dye staining. Cytosolic DNA was assessed by immunofluorescent staining and real-time PCR in mDPC6T cells after LPS stimulation. Furthermore, mDPC6T cells were treated with ethidium bromide (EtBr) to deplete mtDNA or transfected with isolated mtDNA. The expression of cGAS-STING pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. Results The high expression of cGAS and STING in caries and pulpitis tissues in patients, which was associated with inflammatory progression. The cGAS-STING pathway was activated in inflamed mDPC6T. STING knockdown inhibited the nuclear import of p65 and IRF3 and restricted the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines CXCL10 and IL-6 induced by LPS. LPS caused mitochondrial damage in mDPC6T, which promoted mtDNA leakage into the cytosol. Depletion of mtDNA inhibited the cGAS-STING pathway and nuclear translocation of p65 and IRF3. Moreover, repletion of mtDNA rescued the inflammatory response, which was inhibited by STING knockdown. Conclusion Our study systematically identified a novel mechanism of LPS-induced odontoblast inflammation, which involved mtDNA leakage from damaged mitochondria into the cytosol stimulating the cGAS-STING pathway and the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL10 secretion. The mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis could be a potent therapeutic target to prevent severe bacterial inflammation in pulpitis. Video Abstract
Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00738-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fu-Hua Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han-Qing Mao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei- MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, HongShan District, LuoYu Road No. 237, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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17
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Yang S, Fan W, Li Y, Liu Q, He H, Huang F. Autophagy in tooth: Physiology, disease and therapeutic implication. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:702-712. [PMID: 33929054 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process, in which damaged organelles and proteins are engulfed in autophagic vesicles and subsequently fuse with lysosomes for degradation. Autophagy is widely involved in different physiologic or pathologic processes in human. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy operates as a critical quality control mechanism to maintain pulp homeostasis and structural integrity of the dentin-pulp complex. Autophagy is activated during stresses and is involved in the pathogenesis of pulpitis and periapical infection. Recent discoveries have also provided intriguing insights into the roles of autophagy in tooth development, pulp aging and stress adaptation. In this review, we provide an update on the multifaceted functions of autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology of tooth. We also discuss the therapeutic implications of autophagy modulation in diseases and the regeneration of dentin-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyin Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Jeon SM, Lim JS, Kim HR, Lee JH. PFK activation is essential for the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 544:52-59. [PMID: 33516882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into diverse cell lineages, including odontogenic cells that are responsible for dentin formation, which is important in pulp repair and tooth regeneration. While glycolysis plays a central role in various cellular activities in both physiological and pathological conditions, its role and regulation in odontogenic differentiation are unknown. Here, we show that aerobic glycolysis is induced during odontoblastic differentiation from human DPSCs. Importantly, we demonstrate that during odontoblastic differentiation, protein expression levels of phosphofructokinase 1 muscle isoform (PFKM) and PFK2, but not other glycolytic enzymes, are mainly upregulated by AKT activation, resulting in increased total PFK enzyme activity. Increased PFK activity is essential to enhance aerobic glycolysis, which plays an important role in the odontoblastic differentiation of human DPSCs. These findings underscore that PFK activation-induced aerobic glycolysis accompanies, and participates in, human DPSCs differentiation into odontogenic lineage, and could play a role in the regulation of dental pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Mi Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Sun Lim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Kim YJ, Kim WJ, Bae SW, Yang SM, Park SY, Kim SM, Jung JY. Mineral trioxide aggregate-induced AMPK activation stimulates odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2020; 54:753-767. [PMID: 33277707 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of autophagy in MTA-induced odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). METHODOLOGY In MTA-treated HDPCs, odontoblastic differentiation was assessed based on expression levels of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein 1 (DMP1), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) activity by ALP staining and the formation of mineralized nodule by Alizarin red S staining. Expression of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain3 (LC3), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling molecules and autophagy-related genes was analysed by Western blot analysis and Acridine orange staining was used to detect autophagic lysosome. For in vivo experiments, tooth cavity preparation models on rat molars were established and the expression of proteins-related odontogenesis and autophagy markers was observed by Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's multiple comparison was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) promoted odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs, accompanied by autophagy induction, including formation of autophagic lysosome and cleavage of LC3 to LC3II (P < 0.05). Conversely, inhibition of autophagy through 3MA significantly attenuated the expression level of DSPP (P < 0.05) and DMP1 (P < 0.05) as well as formation of mineralized nodules (P < 0.05), indicating the functional significance of autophagy in MTA-induced odontoblastic differentiation. Also, MTA increased the activity of AMPK (P < 0.01), whereas inhibition of AMPK by compound C downregulated DSPP (P < 0.01) and DMP1 (P < 0.05), but increased the phosphorylation of mTOR (P < 0.05), p70S6 (P < 0.01) and Unc-51-like kinases 1 (ULK1) (ser757) (P < 0.01), explaining the involvement of AMPK pathway in MTA-induced odontoblast differentiation. In vivo study, MTA treatment after tooth cavity preparation on rat molars upregulated DMP-1 and DSPP as well as autophagy-related proteins LC3II and p62, and enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK. CONCLUSION MTA induced odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization by modulating autophagy with AMPK activation in HDPCs. Autophagy regulation is a new insight on regenerative endodontic therapy using MTA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Jung Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Hard Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Won-Jae Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Hard Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Woong Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Hard Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sam-Young Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Hard Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Jung
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Hard Tissue Biointerface Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Xiong H, Chen K, Li M. [Role of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis of odontoblasts]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1816-1820. [PMID: 33380391 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced apoptosis of murine odontoblasts. METHODS Murine odontoblasts (mDPC-23 cells) were treated with 5 μg/mL LPS for 6, 12 and 24 h, and the changes in cell viability was examined using CCK8 kit and cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The changes in the protein levels of LC3, Beclin1, Atg5, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR and p-mTOR were detected using Western blotting. The effect of 3-MA treatment for 24 h on LPS-induced apoptosis of mDPC-23 cells was evaluated by detecting the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3 and Bax using Western blotting. RESULTS Stimulation with LPS for 6 and 12 h did not cause significant changes in the proliferation or apoptosis of mDPC-23 cells, but LPS treatment for 24 h significantly suppressed cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and promoted cell apoptosis as shown by TUNEL assay (P < 0.05). Stimulation with LPS for 24 significantly increased the expression levels of LC3, Beclin1 and Atg5, decreased the expressions of p-AKT and p-mTOR (P < 0.05), and obviously upregulated the expressions of caspase-3 and Bax (P < 0.05). Treatment with 3-MA markedly lowered caspase-3 and Bax protein expressions in LPS-stimulated cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS LPS stimulation induces autophagy to promote apoptosis of mDPC-23 cells, and suppression of autophagy attenuates LPS-induced apoptosis. Autophagy may play an important role in the injury of inflamed pulp tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huacui Xiong
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510115, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510115, China
| | - Meimei Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510115, China
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21
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Zhan Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Pei F, Chen Z. HDAC6 Regulates the Fusion of Autophagosome and Lysosome to Involve in Odontoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:605609. [PMID: 33330506 PMCID: PMC7732691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation is an important process during tooth development in which pre-odontoblasts undergo elongation, polarization, and finally become mature secretory odontoblasts. Many factors have been found to regulate the process, and our previous studies demonstrated that autophagy plays an important role in tooth development and promotes odontoblastic differentiation in an inflammatory environment. However, it remains unclear how autophagy is modulated during odontoblast differentiation. In this study, we found that HDAC6 was involved in odontoblast differentiation. The odontoblastic differentiation capacity of human dental papilla cells was impaired upon HDAC6 inhibition. Moreover, we found that HDAC6 and autophagy exhibited similar expression patterns during odontoblast differentiation both in vivo and in vitro; the expression of HDAC6 and the autophagy related proteins ATG5 and LC3 increased as differentiation progressed. Upon knockdown of HDAC6, LC3 puncta were increased in cytoplasm and the autophagy substrate P62 was also increased, suggesting that autophagic flux was affected in human dental papilla cells. Next, we determined the mechanism during odontoblastic differentiation and found that the HDAC6 substrate acetylated-Tubulin was up-regulated when HDAC6 was knocked down, and LAMP2, LC3, and P62 protein levels were increased; however, the levels of ATG5 and Beclin1 showed no obvious change. Autophagosomes accumulated while the number of autolysosomes was decreased as determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid labeling. This suggested that the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was blocked, thus affecting the autophagic process during odontoblast differentiation. In conclusion, HDAC6 regulates the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes during odontoblast differentiation. When HDAC6 is inhibited, autophagosomes can't fuse with lysosomes, autophagy activity is decreased, and it leads to down-regulation of odontoblastic differentiation capacity. This provides a new perspective on the role of autophagy in odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Pei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Autophagy-Related Protein MAP1LC3C Plays a Crucial Role in Odontogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:265-277. [PMID: 33230801 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays important roles in odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in the developmental stage of tooth bud. Few studies have reported the role of autophagy during reparative dentin formation process. The objective of this study was to discover gene expression pattern correlated to autophagy and their role during odontogenic differentiation process in DPCs. METHODS After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats. Odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS After tooth cavities were prepared on the mesial surface of lower first molar crown of rats, odontogenic differentiation and reparative dentin formation were assessed based on detection of morphology change with hematoxylin and eosin staining and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), whereas autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) reversed. Results of quantitative polymerized chain reaction array of autophagosome formation related genes revealed that GABARAPL2 was prominently upregulated while expression of other ATG8 family members were moderately increased after tooth cavity preparation. In addition, human DPCs incubated in differentiation medium predominantly upregulated MAP1LC3C, which selectively decreased by 3MA but not by autophagy enhancer trehalose. Knock-down of MAP1LC3C using shRNA resulted in strong downregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 and DSPP as well-known odontogenic marker compared to knock-down of MAP1LC3B during odontogenic differentiation process of human DPCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that MAP1LC3C plays a crucial role in odontogenic differentiation of human DPCs via regulating autophagic flux.
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23
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Constantinovits M, Sipos F, L Kiss A, Műzes G. Preconditioning with cell-free DNA prevents DSS-colitis by promoting cell protective autophagy. J Investig Med 2020; 68:992-1001. [PMID: 32393477 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Presence of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in sera of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is a long-known fact. The biological effect of cfDNA administration on cellular autophagy within normal and inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. In this study, the effects of intravenous cfDNA pretreatment on autophagy response were studied in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute experimental colitis. Selected proinflammatory cytokine and autophagy-related gene and protein expressions were compared with clinical and histological activity parameters, and with transmission electron microscopic evaluations. A single intravenous dose of cfDNA pretreatment with cfDNA from colitis exhibited beneficial response concerning the clinical and histological severity of DSS-colitis as compared with effects of normal cfDNA. Pretreatment with colitis-derived cfDNA substantially altered the gene and protein expression of several autophagy and inflammatory cytokine genes in a clinically favorable manner. Autophagy in splenocytes is also altered after colitis-derived cfDNA pretreatment. During the process of acute colitis, the subsequent inflammatory environment presumably results in changes of cfDNA with the potential to facilitate cell protective autophagy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind the impact of colitis-associated autophagy, and elucidating alterations of the interaction between autophagy and innate immunity caused by nucleic acids may provide further insight into the etiology of IBD. By targeting or modifying cfDNA, novel anti-inflammatory therapies may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Constantinovits
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Research Team, 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Lei S, Liu XM, Liu Y, Bi J, Zhu S, Chen X. Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates the Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla by Inducing Autophagy. J Endod 2020; 46:502-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Rankin R, Lundy FT, Schock BC, Zhang S, Al‐Natour B, About I, Irwin C, Linden GJ, El‐Karim IA. A connectivity mapping approach predicted acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) to induce osteo/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2020; 53:834-845. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Rankin
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - F. T. Lundy
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - B. C. Schock
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - S.‐D. Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences University of Ulster Derry~Londonderry UK
| | - B. Al‐Natour
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - I. About
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ISM Inst Movement Sci Marseille France
| | - C. Irwin
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - G. J. Linden
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - I. A. El‐Karim
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen’s University Belfast Belfast UK
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26
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Xu D, Liu J, Ma H, Guo W, Wang J, Kan X, Li Y, Gong Q, Cao Y, Cheng J, Fu S. Schisandrin A protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inducing autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 78:105983. [PMID: 31767544 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Schisandrin A (Sch A), a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan extracted from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but the effect on masitits has not been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Sch A in cell and mouse models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis. Studies in vivo showed that Sch A reduced LPS-induced mammary injury and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Sch A also decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and activated nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in mouse mammary epithelial cells (mMECs). The Nrf2 inhibitor partially abrogated the downregulation of Sch A on LPS-induced inflammatory response. In addition, LPS stimulation suppressed autophagy, while both Sch A and the autophagy inducer rapamycin activated autophagy in mMECs, which down-regulated inflammatory response. Sch A also restrained LPS-induced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51 like kinase 1 (ULK1). In summary, these results suggest that Sch A exerts protective effects in LPS-induced mastitis models by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inducing autophagy and the autophagy is initiated by suppressing mTOR signaling pathway and activating AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xingchi Kan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qian Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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Rajan S, Ljunggren A, Manton DJ, Björkner AE, McCullough M. Post-mitotic odontoblasts in health, disease, and regeneration. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104591. [PMID: 31710968 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Description of the odontoblast lifecycle, an overview of the known complex molecular interactions that occur when the health of the dental pulp is challenged and the current and future management strategies on vital and non-vital teeth. METHODS A literature search of the electronic databases included MEDLINE (1966-April 2019), CINAHL (1982-April 2019), EMBASE and EMBASE Classic (1947-April 2019), and hand searches of references retrieved were undertaken using the following MESH terms 'odontoblast*', 'inflammation', 'dental pulp*', 'wound healing' and 'regenerative medicine'. RESULTS Odontoblasts have a sensory and mechano-transduction role so as to detect external stimuli that challenge the dental pulp. On detection, odontoblasts stimulate the innate immunity by activating defence mechanisms key in the healing and repair mechanisms of the tooth. A better understanding of the role of odontoblasts within the dental pulp complex will allow an opportunity for biological management to remove the cause of the insult to the dental pulp, modulate the inflammatory process, and promote the healing and repair capabilities of the tooth. Current strategies include use of conventional dental pulp medicaments while newer methods include bioactive molecules, epigenetic modifications and tissue engineering. CONCLUSION Regenerative medicine methods are in their infancy and experimental stages at best. This review highlights the future direction of dental caries management and consequently research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajan
- The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - D J Manton
- The University of Melbourne, Australia; Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, UMCG, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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28
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Lyu Y, Jia S, Wang S, Wang T, Tian W, Chen G. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects odontoblastic differentiation of dental papilla cells via Toll‐like receptor 4 signaling in offspring. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3519-3528. [PMID: 31595494 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Lyu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
| | - Sixun Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China
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29
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Cbfα1 hinders autophagy by DSPP upregulation in odontoblast differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 115:105578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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30
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Wang H, Yang F, Wang Y, Pei F, Chen Z, Zhang L. Odontoblastic Exosomes Attenuate Apoptosis in Neighboring Cells. J Dent Res 2019; 98:1271-1278. [PMID: 31469590 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519869580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Each odontoblast is tightly linked to other odontoblasts. They form a line of defense and are capable of withstanding external stimuli, particularly the inflammation caused by caries. Thus, we investigated exosomes derived from odontoblasts as an intercellular mechanism by which inflamed odontoblasts are protected from apoptosis. CD63, an exosome marker, was expressed at high levels in caries-affected regions of the dental pulp. We conducted an ex vivo experiment by applying different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the odontoblast-like cells (mineralization was induced in stem cells derived from the apical papilla). Odontoblast-like cells treated with a high concentration of LPS (20 µg/mL LPS, severely affected) exhibited an accelerated release of exosomes, which attenuated the LPS-induced cell apoptosis of odontoblast-like cells treated with a low concentration of LPS (1 µg/mL LPS, mildly affected). Next, we blocked exosome uptake with chlorpromazine, and the rescue effect vanished. Based on our findings, severely inflamed odontoblasts attenuate the apoptosis of mildly inflamed neighboring cells through an exosome-mediated intercellular signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.S. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F.H. Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y.J. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - F. Pei
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z. Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - L. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Qiao W, Huang Y, Bian Z, Sun X, Wang X, Gao Q, Peng Y, Meng L. Lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA damage response activates nuclear factor κB signalling pathway via GATA4 in dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1704-1715. [PMID: 31260564 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) in the inflammatory response induced by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). METHODOLOGY Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used for stimulating inflammation in dental pulp tissue in vivo and hDPCs in vitro. Expression levels of GATA4 and γ-H2A.X (a marker for DSBs) were detected at different stages of pulpitis in a rat model and human pulp tissues by immunohistochemistry. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to assess expression of GATA4 and γ-H2A.X and the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in hDPCs stimulated by LPS. The comet assay was used for detecting the extent of DSBs in hDPCs. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot were utilized to evaluate expression of γ-H2A.X and GATA4 and activation of NF-κB in hDPCs pre-treated with inhibitors of DNA damage response or transfected with GATA4 small interfering RNA before the treatment of LPS. Data were analysed statistically using one-way anova or Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The expression of GATA4 and activation of DNA damage response and NF-κB in inflamed pulp tissue and LPS-treated hDPCs were identified. Significantly decreased expression of GATA4 and significantly decreased inflammatory processes in hDPCs were demonstrated via suppression of DNA damage response (P < 0.05). In GATA4-knockdown cells, the expression of γ-H2A.X did not change, but nuclear translocation of p65 was significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) upon induction by LPS. CONCLUSIONS Lipopolysaccharide-induced DSBs activated the NF-κB signalling pathway in hDPCs, and GATA4 acts as a positive moderator of the progress. The involvement of GATA4 in this pathology may serve as a therapeutic target in pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Qiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Huang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Y Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - L Meng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Qi S, Qian J, Chen F, Zhou P, Yue J, Tang F, Zhang Y, Gong S, Shang G, Cui C, Xu Y. Expression of autophagy‑associated proteins in rat dental irreversible pulpitis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2749-2757. [PMID: 30816453 PMCID: PMC6423575 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves an important role in numerous diseases, as well as in infection and inflammation. Irreversible pulpitis (IP) is one of the most common inflammatory endodontic diseases, and autophagy has been reported to regulate IP in vitro. However, the level of autophagy in the IP pathogenic process in vivo remains unknown. The aim of the current study was, thus, to investigate the levels of autophagy-associated proteins in rats with IP in vivo. A rat dental IP model was successfully constructed, and five different time points (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days) were investigated. The levels of the autophagy-related 5 (ATG5), ATG7, light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1 proteins exhibited a time-dependent increase in rats with IP, whereas the levels of mammalian target of rapamycin and p62/sequestosome 1 were decreased. In addition, the levels of ATG proteins were specifically increased in odontoblasts and microvascular endothelial cells in pulpitis tissue. Based on these findings, autophagy may serve an important role in IP, and the present study data provide a new insight into the IP pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengcai Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Fubo Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yue
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fengqin Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Guangwei Shang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Chun Cui
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Alvarez MMP, Carvalho RGD, Barbosa SCDA, Polassi MR, Nascimento FD, D'Alpino PHP, Tersariol ILDS. Oxidative stress induced by self-adhesive resin cements affects gene expression, cellular proliferation and mineralization potential of the MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells. Dent Mater 2019; 35:606-616. [PMID: 30808560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical issues have been raised about problems related to cytotoxic effects caused when applying self-adhesive cement. It was hypothesized that byproducts eluted from self-adhesive cements modulate oxidative stress response, the gene expression of signaling pathways of inflammatory process/transcriptional activators, and the expression and activity of interstitial collagenases, and modify the phenotypic characteristics of cellular proliferation and mineral deposition in odontoblastic-like cells. METHODS Cements (MaxCem Elite [MAX] and RelyX U200 [U200)]) were mixed, dispensed into moulds, and photoactivated according to the manufacturers' instructions. Immortalized rat odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) were cultured and exposed to polymerized specimens of cements for 4 h. Reactive oxidative specimen production and quantification of gene expression were evaluated. Cell proliferation assay and alizarin red staining were also performed to evaluate the disturbance induced by the cements on cellular proliferation and mineralization. RESULTS Despite their cytotoxic effects, both self-adhesive cements influenced the metabolism in the odontoblast cells on different scales. MAX induced significantly higher oxidative stress in odontoblast cells than U200. Gene expression varied as a function of exposure to self-adhesive cements; MAX induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, whereas U200 downregulated, virtually depleted TNF-α expression, also inducing overexpression of the transcriptional factor Runx2. Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TRXR1) occurred after exposure to both cements, antioxidant genes that are downstream of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system. MAX significantly induced the overexpression of collagenase MMP-1, and U200 induced the expression of gelatinase MMP-2. MAX significantly inhibited cell proliferation whereas U200 significantly activated cell proliferation. Alizarin red staining revealed significantly decreased mineral deposition especially when exposed to MAX. SIGNIFICANCE These results support the hypothesis that byproducts of different self-adhesive cements play important roles in the highly orchestrated process which ultimately affect the cellular proliferation and the mineral deposition in odontoblastic-like cells, possibly delaying the reparative dentin formation after cementation of indirect restorations, especially on recently exposed dentin preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mackeler Ramos Polassi
- Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
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Su Y, Lu J, Chen X, Liang C, Luo P, Qin C, Zhang J. Rapamycin Alleviates Hormone Imbalance-Induced Chronic Nonbacterial Inflammation in Rat Prostate Through Activating Autophagy via the mTOR/ULK1/ATG13 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 41:1384-1395. [PMID: 29675586 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a clinically common disease with high morbidity. It affects the patients' quality of life (QoL) as well as physical and mental health seriously due to the recurring symptoms of lower urinary tract and genitalia. As the opinions about the etiology of CP are still not uniform, it is very difficult to be treated or even cured. Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological function which is widely found in eukaryotic cells. In general, cells maintain a certain level of autophagy under physiological conditions, and the basal level of autophagy can be regulated by a variety of autophagy-related genes under stress such as hunger, infection, trauma, and other circumstances. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of autophagy in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP, also called CP). In this paper, we established the CNP model via hypodermic injection of 17β-estradiol and subsequently abdominal rapamycin (a common autophagy inducer) treatment based on castrated rats. Then, the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and autophagy-related markers as well as autophagosome formation in prostate tissues, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum of rats were evaluated respectively. In addition to some histological changes in the prostate tissues, we found the levels of NF-κB and IL-1β were significantly increased in the model group, along with significantly suppressed autophagy, whereas rapamycin could reverse these effects which involved in the mTOR/ULK1/ATG13 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested that rapamycin could ameliorate hormone imbalance-induced CNP by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jingxiao Lu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, China
| | - Cong Qin
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435000, China.
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Wang D, Zhu NX, Qin M, Wang YY. Betamethasone suppresses the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated dental pulp cells through inhibition of NF-κB. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:156-163. [PMID: 30500665 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of betamethasone on LPS-stimulated human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and its associated mechanism. The osteo-/odontogenic differentiation and osteoclast effect of betamethasone on DPSCs and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were evaluated. DESIGN The proliferative effect of betamethasone on DPSCs was analyzed using a cholecystokinin octapeptide assay. The anti-inflammatory effect of betamethasone was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was explored using qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. The osteo-/odontogenic differentiation and osteoclast effect of betamethasone on DPSCs and SHED were detected by qPCR. RESULTS 1 μg L-1 betamethasone was found to have the strongest effect on DPSCs proliferation. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, as well as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were significantly decreased following treatment with betamethasone in LPS- stimulated DPSCs. They were also decreased in response to an NF-κB inhibitor, Bay 11-7082. Betamethasone and Bay 11-7082 significantly inhibited the expression of p-p65 and promoted the nuclear exclusion of p65. Gene expression associated with osteo-/odontogenic differentiation was significantly up-regulated in betamethasone and osteogenic media (OM) treated groups. The ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) at the mRNA level was suppressed in DPSCs and elevated in SHED. CONCLUSIONS Betamethasone has an anti-inflammatory effect on LPS- stimulated DPSCs through a blockade of NF-κB activation and exhibits an osteo-/odonto-inductive effect on DPSCs and SHED. Although betamethasone displays an osteoclast effect on SHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Xin Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Qin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Takanche JS, Kim JS, Kim JE, Han SH, Yi HK. Schisandrin C enhances odontoblastic differentiation through autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 88:60-66. [PMID: 29407753 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Schisandrin C in odontoblastic differentiation, and its relations between autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in human dental pulp cells (HPDCs). DESIGN Fresh third molars were used, and cultured for HDPCs. Western blotting technique, Alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and confocal microscopy were used to detect autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and odontoblastic differentiation. To understand the mechanism of Schisandrin C, the HDPCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), autophagy and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors: 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), respectively. RESULTS LPS decreased the expression of autophagy molecules [autophagy protein 5 (ATG-5), beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3-I/II)] and mitochondrial biogenesis molecules [heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α)], and disrupted odontoblastic differentiation. The down-regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis with 3-MA and ZnPP inhibited odontoblastic differentiation. However, Schisandrin C restored the expression of all the above molecules, even with LPS and inhibitor treatment. This result demonstrates that autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis plays an essential role in odontoblastic differentiation, and Schisandrin C activates these systems to promote odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs. CONCLUSION Schisandrin C has potential characters to regulate odontoblastic differentiation, and may be recommended for use as a compound for pulp homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shrestha Takanche
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Seok Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Han
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Yi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Program, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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37
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Zhang L, Chen Z. Autophagy in the dentin-pulp complex against inflammation. Oral Dis 2018; 24:11-13. [PMID: 29480617 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dentin-pulp complex is a highly specialized tissue for protecting the dental pulp. Odontoblasts are long-lived, hard-tissue-forming cells in the dentin-pulp complex and critically involved in inflammatory responses against invading pathogens. Autophagy is a highly conserved homeostasis mechanism of living cells under various stress conditions. Growing evidence in the literature addresses the role of autophagy in odontoblast differentiation and aging. This review summarizes the current knowledge about autophagy for the dentin-pulp complex in resisting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOS and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education [KLOBM]), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cariology & Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOS and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education [KLOBM]), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cariology & Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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38
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Silibinin-induced autophagy mediated by PPARα-sirt1-AMPK pathway participated in the regulation of type I collagen-enhanced migration in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 450:1-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Huang YJ, Hung KC, Hung HS, Hsu SH. Modulation of Macrophage Phenotype by Biodegradable Polyurethane Nanoparticles: Possible Relation between Macrophage Polarization and Immune Response of Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19436-19448. [PMID: 29775050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials with surface functionalized by different chemical groups can either provoke or attenuate the immune responses of the nanomaterials, which is critical to their biomedical efficacies. In this study, we demonstrate that synthetic waterborne polyurethane nanoparticles (PU NPs) can inhibit the macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype but not M2 phenotype. The surface-functionalized PU NPs decrease the secretion levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) for M1 macrophages. Specifically, PU NPs with carboxyl groups on the surface exhibit a greater extent of inhibition on M1 polarization than those with amine groups. These water-suspended PU NPs reduce the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and suppress the subsequent NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signals. Furthermore, the dried PU films assembled from PU NPs have a similar effect on macrophage polarization and present a smaller shifting foreign body reaction (FBR) in vivo than the conventional poly(l-lactic acid). Taken together, the biodegradable waterborne PU NPs demonstrate surface-dependent immunosuppressive properties and macrophage polarization effects. The findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of PU NPs in anti-inflammation and macrophage-related disorders and propose a mechanism for the low FBR observed for biodegradable PU materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Jang Huang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 106 , R.O.C
| | - Kun-Che Hung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 106 , R.O.C
| | - Huey-Shan Hung
- Translational Medicine Research , China Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan 404 , R.O.C
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan 106 , R.O.C
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine , National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli County , Taiwan 350 , R.O.C
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Wang HJ, Li MQ, Liu WW, Hayashi T, Fujisaki H, Hattori S, Tashiro SI, Onodera S, Ikejima T. Collagen gel protects L929 cells from TNFα-induced death by activating NF-κB. Connect Tissue Res 2017; 58:456-463. [PMID: 27764545 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1248287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Type I collagen is one of the most abundant components of extracellular matrix. We previously illustrated that murine fibrosarcoma L929 cells grew well on type I collagen gel and escaped from TNFα-induced cell death. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the protective effect of collagen gel. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used western blot, confocal microscopy, MTT assay and flow cytometry by introducing fluorescence staining to determine the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), inhibitory ratio and autophagy. RESULTS L929 cells on collagen gel showed higher expression of NF-κB in the nucleus. Inhibition of NF-κB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate hydrochloride (PDTC) or knockdown by NF-κB-siRNA canceled the protective effect of collagen gel on L929 cells from TNFα-induced death, suggesting for the role of NF-κB in the protection from cell death. We found a new aspect of the effect of PDTC on L929 cells cultured on collagen gel. PDTC alone without TNFα induced apoptosis in the L929 cells cultured on collagen gel but not the cells on plastic dish. The apoptosis induction of the L929 cells cultured on collagen gel with PDTC was repressed by inhibiting autophagy with chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, suggesting that autophagy contributes to the death induced by the treatment with PDTC. Possible underlying mechanism of this finding is discussed. CONCLUSION NF-κB played an important role in protecting the L929 cells cultured on collagen gel from TNFα-induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Wang
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Wei-Wei Liu
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Hitomi Fujisaki
- b Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi, Incorporated , Toride , Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- b Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi, Incorporated , Toride , Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tashiro
- c Department of Medical Education & Primary Care , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Satoshi Onodera
- d Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- a China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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Alvarez M, Moura G, Machado M, Viana G, de Souza Costa C, Tjäderhane L, Nader H, Tersariol I, Nascimento F. PAR-1 and PAR-2 Expression Is Enhanced in Inflamed Odontoblast Cells. J Dent Res 2017; 96:1518-1525. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517719415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.M.P. Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G.E. Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M.F.M. Machado
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - G.M. Viana
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C.A. de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Univ Estadual Paulista–UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L. Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H.B. Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I.L.S. Tersariol
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F.D. Nascimento
- Interdisciplinary Center of Biochemistry Investigation (CIIB), University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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Műzes G, Kiss AL, Tulassay Z, Sipos F. Cell-free DNA-induced alteration of autophagy response and TLR9-signaling: Their relation to amelioration of DSS-colitis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 52:48-57. [PMID: 28673462 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of cell-free DNA (fDNA) administration on the TLR9-autophagy regulatory crosstalk within inflammatory circumstances remains unclear. AIMS To examine the immunobiologic effects of iv. fDNA injection on the TLR9-mediated autophagy response in murine DSS-colitis. METHODS Different types of modified fDNAs were administered to DSS-colitic mice. Disease and histological activities, spleen index were measured. Changes of the TLR9-associated and autophagy-related gene expression profiles of lamina proprial cells and splenocytes were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR, and validated by immunohistochemistries. Ultrastructural changes of the colon were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS A single intravenous injection of colitic fDNA (C-DNA) exhibited beneficial clinical and histological effects on DSS-colitis, compared to normal (N-DNA). C-DNA administration displayed a more prominent impact on the outcome of the TLR9-autophagy response than N-DNA. C-DNA resulted in a decreased spleen index in DSS-colitic mice. C-DNA treatment of normal mice resulted in a downregulation of Beclin1 and ATG16L1 mRNA and protein expression in the colon. These as well as LC3B were downregulated in the spleen. In contrast, the Beclin1, ATG16L1 and LC3B gene and protein expressions were upregulated in both the colon and the spleen by C-DNA injection. Moreover, C-DNA administration to DSS-colitic mice resulted in a remarkable increase of epithelial autophagic vacuoles representing an intensified macroautophagy. CONCLUSIONS The effect of intravenously administered fDNA on the TLR9-mediated autophagy response is expressly dependent on the origin of fDNA (i.e. inflammatory or not) and on the characteristics of the local immunobiologic milieu (i.e. inflammatory or not, as well).
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Affiliation(s)
- Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Human Morphology and Developmental Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary; Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1051, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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