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Nickerson JA, Momen-Heravi F. Long non-coding RNAs: roles in cellular stress responses and epigenetic mechanisms regulating chromatin. Nucleus 2024; 15:2350180. [PMID: 38773934 PMCID: PMC11123517 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2350180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Most of the genome is transcribed into RNA but only 2% of the sequence codes for proteins. Non-coding RNA transcripts include a very large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A growing number of identified lncRNAs operate in cellular stress responses, for example in response to hypoxia, genotoxic stress, and oxidative stress. Additionally, lncRNA plays important roles in epigenetic mechanisms operating at chromatin and in maintaining chromatin architecture. Here, we address three lncRNA topics that have had significant recent advances. The first is an emerging role for many lncRNAs in cellular stress responses. The second is the development of high throughput screening assays to develop causal relationships between lncRNAs across the genome with cellular functions. Finally, we turn to recent advances in understanding the role of lncRNAs in regulating chromatin architecture and epigenetics, advances that build on some of the earliest work linking RNA to chromatin architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Division of Genes & Development, Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Momen-Heravi
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Ferdoush J, Kadir RA, Ogle M, Saha A. Regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress. Gene 2024; 924:148616. [PMID: 38795856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Transcription initiation is a vital step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. It can be dysregulated in response to various cellular stressors which is associated with numerous human diseases including cancer. Transcription initiation is facilitated via many gene-specific trans-regulatory elements such as transcription factors, activators, and coactivators through their interactions with transcription pre-initiation complex (PIC). These trans-regulatory elements can uniquely facilitate PIC formation (hence, transcription initiation) in response to cellular nutrient stress. Cellular nutrient stress also regulates the activity of other pathways such as target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway. TOR pathway exhibits distinct regulatory mechanisms of transcriptional activation in response to stress. Like TOR pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway is also found to be linked to transcriptional regulation in response to cellular stress. Several transcription factors such as p53, C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α), E2F, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), SMAD, and MYC have been implicated in regulation of transcription of target genes involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and DNA damage repair pathways. Additionally, cellular metabolic and oxidative stressors have been found to regulate the activity of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA). LncRNA regulates transcription by upregulating or downregulating the transcription regulatory proteins involved in metabolic and cell signaling pathways. Numerous human diseases, triggered by chronic cellular stressors, are associated with abnormal regulation of transcription. Hence, understanding these mechanisms would help unravel the molecular regulatory insights with potential therapeutic interventions. Therefore, here we emphasize the recent advances of regulation of eukaryotic transcription initiation in response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatul Ferdoush
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
| | - Rizwaan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Matthew Ogle
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, 615 McCallie Ave, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA
| | - Ayan Saha
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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3
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Liang X, Zhang C, Shen L, Ding L, Guo H. Role of non‑coding RNAs in UV‑induced radiation effects (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:262. [PMID: 38756908 PMCID: PMC11097301 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) is divided into UVA (long-wave, 320-400 nm), UVB (middle-wave, 280-320 nm) and UVC (short-wave, 100-280 nm) based on wavelength. UV radiation (UVR) from sunlight (UVA + UVB) is a major cause of skin photodamage including skin inflammation, aging and pigmentation. Accidental exposure to UVC burns the skin and induces skin cancer. In addition to the skin, UV radiation can also impair visual function. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of functional RNAs that do not have coding activity but can control cellular processes at the post-transcriptional level, including microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circulatory RNA (circRNA). Through a review of the literature, it was determined that UVR can affect the expression of various ncRNAs, and that this regulation may be wavelength specific. Functionally, ncRNAs participate in the regulation of photodamage through various pathways and play pathogenic or protective regulatory roles. In addition, ncRNAs that are upregulated or downregulated by UVR can serve as biomarkers for UV-induced diseases, aiding in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs, including the use of natural drugs and their extracts, have shown protective effects against UV-induced photodamage. In the present review, an extensive summarization of previous studies was performed and the role and mechanism of ncRNAs in UV-induced radiation effects was reviewed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of UV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Qiqihar MingZhu Hospital, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161000, P.R. China
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4
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Baradaran-Bagherian S, Mehrab Mohseni M, Sharifi R, Amirinejad R, Shirvani-Farsani Z. The oxidative stress-associated long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer. Adv Med Sci 2024; 69:231-237. [PMID: 38670228 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A lot of people are dying from pancreatic cancer (PC) annually. The early detection of this cancer is particularly challenging due to the fact that symptoms tend to appear in advanced stages. It has been suggested that oxidative stress may play a role in the development of PC. Several genes regulate this process, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). There is no comprehensive study on the expression pattern of lncRNAs related to oxidative stress in PC patients. In the present case-control study, we quantified levels of oxidative stress-associated lncRNAs in PC patients versus healthy controls. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the expression levels of lincRNA-p21, LUCAT, RMST, FOXD3-AS1, and MT1DP lncRNAs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 53 PC patients and 50 healthy controls. The association between lncRNA expression and clinical and pathological characteristics was also evaluated. RESULTS The expression of lincRNA-P21 and rhabdomyosarcoma 2-associated transcript (RMST) lncRNAs in PC patients has significantly decreased. Expression of lncRNA RMST was significantly higher in TNM stage III-IV patients in comparison to TNM stage I-II patients. In addition, a significant positive association was recognized between candidate lncRNA expression, and finally, the AUC values of the expression levels of lincRNA-p21 and RMST were 0.60 and 0.61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study suggests a possible role of lincRNA-p21 and RMST lncRNAs in the etiology of PC pathobiology, and their biomarker role may be understood in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setayesh Baradaran-Bagherian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Mehrab Mohseni
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Amirinejad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Yang K, Xiao Y, Zhong L, Zhang W, Wang P, Ren Y, Shi L. p53-regulated lncRNAs in cancers: from proliferation and metastasis to therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1456-1470. [PMID: 37679529 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as master gene regulators through various mechanisms such as transcription, translation, protein modification and RNA-protein complexes. LncRNA dysregulation is frequently associated with a variety of biological functions and human diseases including cancer. The p53 network is a key tumor-suppressive mechanism that transcriptionally activates target genes to suppress cellular proliferation in human malignancies. Recent research indicates that lncRNAs play an important role in the p53 signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of lncRNAs in p53-relevant functions and provide an overview of how these altered lncRNAs contribute to tumor initiation and progression. We also discuss the association between lncRNA and up- or downstream genes of p53. These findings imply that lncRNAs can help identify cellular vulnerabilities that may prove to be promising potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Yang
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Xiao
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghui Zhong
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyang Zhang
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Ren
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- RNA Oncology Group, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Huang Y, Deng S, Jiang Q, Shi J. LncRNA RARA-AS1 could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and promote proliferation and migration in glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17376. [PMID: 37833349 PMCID: PMC10575974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of cancer progression and are potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. This study investigates the role of RARA Antisense RNA 1 (RARA-AS1) in cancer and its implications for diagnosis and treatment. Various bioinformatics tools were conducted to analyze the expression patterns, immune-related functions, methylation, and gene expression correlations of RARA-AS1, mainly including the comparisons of different subgroups and correlation analyses between RARA-AS1 expression and other factors. Furthermore, we used short hairpin RNA to perform knockdown experiments, investigating the effects of RARA-AS1 on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in glioblastoma. Our results revealed that RARA-AS1 has distinct expression patterns in different cancers and exhibits notable correlation with prognosis. Additionally, RARA-AS1 is highly correlated with certain immune checkpoints and mismatch repair genes, indicating its potential role in immune infiltration and related immunotherapy. Further analysis identified potential effective drugs for RARA-AS1 and demonstrated its potential RNA binding protein (RBP) mechanism in glioblastoma. Besides, a series of functional experiments indicated inhibiting RARA-AS1 could decrease cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioblastoma cell lines. Finally, RARA-AS1 could act as an independent prognostic factor for glioblastoma patients and may serve as a promising therapeutic target. All in all, Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the functions and implications of RARA-AS1 in pan-cancer, highlighting it as a promising biomarker for survival. It is also an independent risk factor affecting prognosis in glioblastoma and an important factor affecting proliferation and migration in glioblastoma, setting the stage for further mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoji Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yancheng, 224000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinlong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, No. 20 West Temple Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Coan M, Toso M, Cesaratto L, Rigo I, Borgna S, Dalla Pietà A, Zandonà L, Iuri L, Zucchetto A, Piazza C, Baldassarre G, Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS. LINC01605 Is a Novel Target of Mutant p53 in Breast and Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13736. [PMID: 37762037 PMCID: PMC10531163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. Most TP53 genomic alterations are missense mutations, which cause a loss of its tumour suppressor functions while providing mutant p53 (mut_p53) with oncogenic features (gain-of-function). Loss of p53 tumour suppressor functions alters the transcription of both protein-coding and non-protein-coding genes. Gain-of-function of mut_p53 triggers modification in gene expression as well; however, the impact of mut_p53 on the transcription of the non-protein-coding genes and whether these non-protein-coding genes affect oncogenic properties of cancer cell lines are not fully explored. In this study, we suggested that LINC01605 (also known as lincDUSP) is a long non-coding RNA regulated by mut_p53 and proved that mut_p53 directly regulates LINC01605 by binding to an enhancer region downstream of the LINC01605 locus. We also showed that the loss or downregulation of LINC01605 impairs cell migration in a breast cancer cell line. Eventually, by performing a combined analysis of RNA-seq data generated in mut_TP53-silenced and LINC01605 knockout cells, we showed that LINC01605 and mut_p53 share common gene pathways. Overall, our findings underline the importance of ncRNAs in the mut_p53 network in breast and ovarian cancer cell lines and in particular the importance of LINC01605 in mut_p53 pro-migratory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Coan
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Martina Toso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Laura Cesaratto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rigo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Borgna
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Anna Dalla Pietà
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Luigi Zandonà
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iuri
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Physics, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Antonella Zucchetto
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Onco-Hematology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Carla Piazza
- Department of Mathematics, Informatics and Physics, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Milena Sabrina Nicoloso
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Khan SU, Ullah Z, Shaukat H, Unab S, Jannat S, Ali W, Ali A, Irfan M, Khan MF, Cervantes-Villagrana RD. TP53 and its Regulatory Genes as Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231177267. [PMID: 37667731 PMCID: PMC10475268 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231177267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was the first comprehensive investigation of genetic mutation and expression levels of the p53 signaling genes in cutaneous melanoma through various genetic databases providing large datasets. The mutational landscape of p53 and its signaling genes was higher than expected, with TP53 followed by CDKN2A being the most mutated gene in cutaneous melanoma. Furthermore, the expression analysis showed that TP53, MDM2, CDKN2A, and TP53BP1 were overexpressed, while MDM4 and CDKN2B were under-expressed in cutaneous melanoma. Overall, TCGA data revealed that among all the other p53 signaling proteins, CDKN2A was significantly higher in both sun and non-sun-exposed healthy tissues than in melanoma. Likewise, MDM4 and TP53BP1 expressions were markedly greater in non-sun-exposed healthy tissues compared to other groups. However, CDKN2B expression was higher in the sun-exposed healthy tissues than in other tissues. In addition, various genes were expressed significantly differently among males and females. In addition, CDKN2A was highly expressed in the SK-MEL-30 skin cancer cell line, whereas, Immune cell type expression analysis revealed that the MDM4 was highly expressed in naïve B-cells. Furthermore, all six genes were significantly overexpressed in extraordinarily overweight or obese tumor tissues compared to healthy tissues. MDM2 expression and tumor stage were closely related. There were differences in gene expression across patient age groups and positive nodal status. TP53 showed a positive correlation with B cells, MDM2 with CD8+T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and MDM4 with neutrophils. CDKN2A/B had a non-significant correlation with all six types of immune cells. However, TP53BP1 was positively correlated with all five types of immune cells except B cells. Only TP53, MDM2, and CDKN2A had a role in cutaneous melanoma-specific tumor immunity. All TP53 and its regulating genes may be predictive for prognosis. The results of the present study need to be validated through future screening, in vivo, and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safir Ullah Khan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zahid Ullah
- Department of Software Engineering, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hadia Shaukat
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sheeza Unab
- Department of Zoology, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, Pakistan
| | - Saba Jannat
- Department of Zoology, Women University of Swabi, Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ali
- Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Campania, Italy
| | - Amir Ali
- Nanosciences and Nanotechnology Program, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
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9
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Castro-Muñoz LJ, Vázquez Ulloa E, Sahlgren C, Lizano M, De La Cruz-Hernández E, Contreras-Paredes A. Modulating epigenetic modifications for cancer therapy (Review). Oncol Rep 2023; 49:59. [PMID: 36799181 PMCID: PMC9942256 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global public health concern. Alterations in epigenetic processes are among the earliest genomic aberrations occurring during cancer development and are closely related to progression. Unlike genetic mutations, aberrations in epigenetic processes are reversible, which opens the possibility for novel pharmacological treatments. Non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent an essential epigenetic mechanism, and emerging evidence links ncRNAs to carcinogenesis. Epigenetic drugs (epidrugs) are a group of promising target therapies for cancer treatment acting as coadjuvants to reverse drug resistance in cancer. The present review describes central epigenetic aberrations during malignant transformation and explains how epidrugs target DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs. Furthermore, clinical trials focused on evaluating the effect of these epidrugs alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies and other ncRNA‑based therapies are discussed. The use of epidrugs promises to be an effective tool for reversing drug resistance in some patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elenaé Vázquez Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicologia Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico 04510, Mexico
| | - Erick De La Cruz-Hernández
- Laboratory of Research in Metabolic and Infectious Diseases, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco, Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco 86650, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico,Correspondence to: Professor Adriana Contreras-Paredes, Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Avenue San Fernando, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico, E-mail:
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10
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Emam O, Wasfey EF, Hamdy NM. Notch-associated lncRNAs profiling circuiting epigenetic modification in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:316. [PMID: 36229883 PMCID: PMC9558410 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent digestive cancers, ranking the 2nd cause of cancer-related fatality worldwide. The worldwide burden of CRC is predicted to rise by 60% by 2030. Environmental factors drive, first, inflammation and hence, cancer incidence increase. Main The Notch-signaling system is an evolutionarily conserved cascade, has role in the biological normal developmental processes as well as malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have become major contributors in the advancement of cancer by serving as signal pathways regulators. They can control gene expression through post-translational changes, interactions with micro-RNAs or down-stream effector proteins. Recent emerging evidence has emphasized the role of lncRNAs in controlling Notch-signaling activity, regulating development of several cancers including CRC. Conclusion Notch-associated lncRNAs might be useful prognostic biomarkers or promising potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment. Therefore, here-in we will focus on the role of “Notch-associated lncRNAs in CRC” highlighting “the impact of Notch-associated lncRNAs as player for cancer induction and/or progression.” Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman F Wasfey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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11
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs Regulate AKT and Its Effectors to Control Cell Functions of Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192940. [PMID: 36230902 PMCID: PMC9563963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and its effectors are essential for maintaining cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis (fission/fusion), ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response (damage and repair), senescence, and migration of cancer cells. Several lncRNAs and circRNAs also regulate the expression of these functions by numerous pathways. However, the impact on cell functions by lncRNAs and circRNAs regulating AKT and its effectors is poorly understood. This review provides comprehensive information about the relationship of lncRNAs and circRNAs with AKT on the cell functions of cancer cells. the roles of several lncRNAs and circRNAs acting on AKT effectors, such as FOXO, mTORC1/2, S6K1/2, 4EBP1, SREBP, and HIF are explored. To further validate the relationship between AKT, AKT effectors, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, more predicted AKT- and AKT effector-targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs were retrieved from the LncTarD and circBase databases. Consistently, using an in-depth literature survey, these AKT- and AKT effector-targeting database lncRNAs and circRNAs were related to cell functions. Therefore, some lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate several cell functions through modulating AKT and AKT effectors. This review provides insights into a comprehensive network of AKT and AKT effectors connecting to lncRNAs and circRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell functions.
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12
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Huang Y, Yi Q, Feng J, Xie W, Sun W, Sun W. The role of lincRNA-p21 in regulating the biology of cancer cells. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1640-1649. [PMID: 35969349 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of multifunctional endogenous RNA transcript. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is considered to play a role in the initiation and progression of cancer. One such lncRNA, long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21), was identified in 2010 as a regulator in the p53 pathway and is gradually being identified to play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. In this review, we have summarised the diverse regulatory functions of lincRNA-p21. For example, lincRNA-p21 has been reported to function as a protein decoy, act as a competitive endogenous RNA, regulate the transcription, regulate the translation processes and exist in the secreted exosomes. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer cell regulation. Various types of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small cell lung carcinoma, aberrantly express lincRNA-p21. However, the current understanding of the roles of lincRNA-p21 in cancer remains limited. Therefore, considering its potential as a valuable therapeutic target or biomarker for cancer, more research should be conducted to understand the role of lincRNA-p21 in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, 629000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Yi
- The Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China.,Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weichao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China. .,The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Ma X, Yan W, Xu P, Ma L, Zan Y, Huang L, Wang G, Liu L, Hui W. LncRNA-p21 suppresses cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in gastric cancer by sponging miR-514b-3p and up-regulating ARHGEF9 expression. Biol Chem 2022; 403:945-958. [PMID: 35947460 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The long non-coding RNA p21 (lncRNA-p21) was a tumor suppressor gene in most cancer types including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to identify a specific lncRNA-p21-involved pathway in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells. A lower lncRNA-p21 expression in tumors was associated with advanced disease stage and predicted worse survival of GC patients. LncRNA-p21 overexpression in GC cell line somatic gastric cancer (SGC)-7901 and human gastric cancer (HGC)-27 suppressed cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while lncRNA-p21 knockdown caused the opposite effects. Through bioinformatics analysis and luciferase-based reporter assays, we identified miR-514b-3p as a sponge target of lncRNA-p21. Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (ARHGEF9), functioned as a tumor suppress factor in GC, was found as the downstream target of miR-514-3p, and their expressions were negatively correlated in GC tumor tissues. In addition, like lncRNA-p21 overexpression alone, miR-514-3p inactivation alone also led to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis in SGC-7901 and HGC-27 cells, which were markedly attenuated by additional ARHGEF9 knockdown. Xenograft SGC-7901 cells with more lncRNA-p21 or ARHGEF9 expressions or with less miR-514-3p expression exhibited obviously slower in vivo growth than the control SGC-7901 cells in nude mice. Our study reveals a novel lncRNA-p21/miR-514b-3p/ARHGEF9 pathway that can be targeted for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenyu Yan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lanxuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wentao Hui
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Regulation of the Cancer Stem Phenotype by Long Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152352. [PMID: 35954194 PMCID: PMC9367355 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are a cell population within malignant tumors that are characterized by the ability to self-renew, the presence of specific molecules that define their identity, the ability to form malignant tumors in vivo, resistance to drugs, and the ability to invade and migrate to other regions of the body. These characteristics are regulated by various molecules, such as lncRNAs, which are transcripts that generally do not code for proteins but regulate multiple biological processes through various mechanisms of action. LncRNAs, such as HOTAIR, H19, LncTCF7, LUCAT1, MALAT1, LINC00511, and FMR1-AS1, have been described as key regulators of stemness in cancer, allowing cancer cells to acquire this phenotype. It has been proposed that cancer stem cells are clinically responsible for the high recurrence rates after treatment and the high frequency of metastasis in malignant tumors, so understanding the mechanisms that regulate the stem phenotype could have an impact on the improvement of cancer treatments.
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15
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Xu X, Zhang Y. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-coding RNAs in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931704. [PMID: 35782387 PMCID: PMC9241987 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, glioma, and epilepsy, involve oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, often leading to long-term disability or death. Emerging studies suggest that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that contribute to CNS disorders. Non-coding RNAs are epigenetic regulators involved in CNS disorders and have attracted extensive attention. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs more than 200 nucleotides long and have no protein-coding function. However, these molecules exert regulatory functions at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. However, the major role of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders, especially related to oxidative stress, remains unclear. Here, we review the molecular functions of lncRNAs in oxidative stress and highlight lncRNAs that exert positive or negative roles in oxidation/antioxidant systems. This review provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs that mediate oxidative stress in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang,
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16
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Wu YZ, Su YH, Kuo CY. Stressing the Regulatory Role of Long Non-Coding RNA in the Cellular Stress Response during Cancer Progression and Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051212. [PMID: 35625948 PMCID: PMC9138696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress response is an important adaptive mechanism for regulating cell fate decision when cells confront with stress. During tumorigenesis, tumor progression and the course of treatment, cellular stress signaling can activate subsequent response to deal with stress. Therefore, cellular stress response has impacts on the fate of tumor cells and tumor responsiveness relative to therapeutic agents. In recent years, attention has been drawn to long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a novel class of RNA molecules with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which has little protein-coding potential and possesses various functions in multiple biological processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs are also engaged in the regulation of cellular stress response, particularly in cancers. Here, we summarize lncRNAs that have been reported in the adaptive response to major types of cellular stress including genotoxic, hypoxic, oxidative, metabolic and endoplasmic reticulum stress, all of which are often encountered by cancer cells. Specifically, the molecular mechanisms of how lncRNAs regulate cellular stress response during tumor progression or the development of therapy resistance are emphasized. The potential clinical applications of stress-responsive lncRNAs as biomarkers will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Yong-Han Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Ching-Ying Kuo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100229, Taiwan; (Y.-Z.W.); (Y.-H.S.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 66909)
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17
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Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N, Shirkavand A, Ghorbanifar S. Non-coding RNAs in photoaging-related mechanisms: a new paradigm in skin health. Biogerontology 2022; 23:289-306. [PMID: 35587318 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09966-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aging of skin is a biological process affected by environmental or genetic factors. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the main environmental factor causing skin aging. Cumulative UV-induced photodamage of the skin tissue is associated with premature cellular senescence, extracellular degradation, and inflammatory responses in photoaging processes. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are untranslated transcripts and master regulators of protein-coding genes. ncRNAs have a critical regulatory role in maintaining skin structure, skin barrier function, morphogenesis, and development. Altered ncRNA expression has been reported in various skin disorders such as photoaging and skin cancers. ncRNAs contribute to the suppression and promotion of photoaging by modulating signaling pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and regulating inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and senescence-associated genes. Elucidation of the functions of ncRNAs will improve the identification of molecular mechanisms underlying photoaging, and can be used in the development of therapeutic approaches in skin health and prevention of sun-induced aging. This review summarized the currently described ncRNAs and their functions in photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hasan Soheilifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshan Shirkavand
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Ghorbanifar
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Enghelab St, 1315795613, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Downregulation of long non-coding RNAs in patients with bipolar disorder. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7479. [PMID: 35523833 PMCID: PMC9076844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal function of signaling cascades is currently a candidate in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). One of the factors involved in activating these signals is oxidative stress. Some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are involved in the oxidative stress. In this study, we compared expression levels of lincRNA-p21, lincRNA-ROR, and lincRNA-PINT in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from BD patients (n = 50) and healthy individuals (n = 50). Expression levels of lincRNA-p21, lincRNA-ROR, and lincRNA-PINT were significantly reduced in patients with BD compared to controls. In sex-based analyses, down-regulation of these lncRNAs was revealed only in male BD patients compared to male healthy subjects. Also, in BD patients, all three lncRNAs showed a significant pairwise positive correlation in expression level. The area under curve values for lincRNA-p21, lincRNA-ROR, and lincRNA-PINT was 0.66, 0.75, and 0.66, respectively. Thus, the ROC curve analysis showed that lncRNA-ROR might serve as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing between BD patients and controls. Altogether, the current study proposes a role for lincRNA-p21, lincRNA-ROR, and lincRNA-PINT in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Moreover, the peripheral expression of these lncRNAs might be useful as potential biomarkers for BD.
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19
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Li B, Leung JC, Chan LY, Li HY, Yiu WH, Lok SW, Xue R, Zou YX, Chen W, Lai KN, Tang SC. Tubule-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 ameliorates lipotoxic kidney injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1280-1290. [PMID: 34853727 PMCID: PMC8609107 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney damage and propagates chronic kidney injury like diabetic kidney disease; however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To date, reduction of lipid acquisition and enhancement of lipid metabolism are the major, albeit non-specific, approaches to improve lipotoxic kidney damage. In the kidneys of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and tubule cells cultured with palmitic acid (PA), we observed a dramatic upregulation of the long intergenic non-coding RNA-p21 (LincRNA-p21) through a p53-dependent mechanism. Kidney tubule cell-specific deletion of LincRNA-p21 attenuated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to reduction of histological and functional kidney injury despite persistent obesity and hyperlipidemia. Mechanistically, HFD- or PA-initiated lipotoxicity suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) signaling cascade to activate p53 and enhance the transcriptional activity of LincRNA-p21. Collectively, our findings suggest that the p53/LincRNA-p21 axis is the downstream effector in lipotoxic kidney injury and that targeting this axis particularly in the kidney tubule could be a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph C.K. Leung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Loretta Y.Y. Chan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Han Yiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sarah W.Y. Lok
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Xin Zou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kar-Neng Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Sydney C.W. Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author: Sydney C.W. Tang, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Li C, Lin L, Zhang L, Xu R, Chen X, Ji J, Li Y. Long noncoding RNA p21 enhances autophagy to alleviate endothelial progenitor cells damage and promote endothelial repair in hypertension through SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105920. [PMID: 34601081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular damage of hypertension has been the focus of hypertension treatment, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the repair of vascular endothelial damage. Functional damage and decreased number of EPCs are observed in the peripheral circulation of hypertensive patients, but its mechanism is not yet elucidated. Here, we show that the number of EPCs in hypertensive patients is significantly lower than that of normal population, and the cell function decreases with a higher proportion of EPCs at later stages. A decrease in autophagy is responsible for the senescence and damage of EPCs induced by AngII. Moreover, lncRNA-p21 plays a critical regulator role in EPCs' senescence and dysfunction. Furthermore, lncRNA-p21 activates SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway by promoting the transcriptional activity of p53 and enhances autophagy to protect against AngII-induced EPC damage. The data provide evidence that a reversal of decreased autophagy serves as the protective mechanism of EPC injury in hypertensive patients, and lncRNA-p21 is a new therapeutic target for vascular endothelial repair in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Tianqiao District People's Hospital, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China.
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21
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Arginine Methylation of hnRNPK Inhibits the DDX3-hnRNPK Interaction to Play an Anti-Apoptosis Role in Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189764. [PMID: 34575922 PMCID: PMC8469703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) is an RNA/DNA binding protein involved in diverse cell processes; it is also a p53 coregulator that initiates apoptosis under DNA damage conditions. However, the upregulation of hnRNPK is correlated with cancer transformation, progression, and migration, whereas the regulatory role of hnRNPK in cancer malignancy remains unclear. We previously showed that arginine methylation of hnRNPK attenuated the apoptosis of U2OS osteosarcoma cells under DNA damage conditions, whereas the replacement of endogenous hnRNPK with a methylation-defective mutant inversely enhanced apoptosis. The present study further revealed that an RNA helicase, DDX3, whose C-terminus preferentially binds to the unmethylated hnRNPK and could promote such apoptotic enhancement. Moreover, C-terminus-truncated DDX3 induced significantly less apoptosis than full-length DDX3. Notably, we also identified a small molecule that docks at the ATP-binding site of DDX3, promotes the DDX3-hnRNPK interaction, and induces further apoptosis. Overall, we have shown that the arginine methylation of hnRNPK suppresses the apoptosis of U2OS cells via interfering with DDX3-hnRNPK interaction. On the other hand, DDX3-hnRNPK interaction with a proapoptotic role may serve as a target for promoting apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells.
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22
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He YH, Yeh MH, Chen HF, Wang TS, Wong RH, Wei YL, Huynh TK, Hu DW, Cheng FJ, Chen JY, Hu SW, Huang CC, Chen Y, Yu J, Cheng WC, Shen PC, Liu LC, Huang CH, Chang YJ, Huang WC. ERα determines the chemo-resistant function of mutant p53 involving the switch between lincRNA-p21 and DDB2 expressions. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:536-553. [PMID: 34589276 PMCID: PMC8463322 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutant p53 (mutp53) commonly loses its DNA binding affinity to p53 response elements (p53REs) and fails to induce apoptosis fully. However, the p53 mutation does not predict chemoresistance in all subtypes of breast cancers, and the critical determinants remain to be identified. In this study, mutp53 was found to mediate chemotherapy-induced long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) expression by targeting the G-quadruplex structure rather than the p53RE on its promoter to promote chemosensitivity. However, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) suppressed mutp53-mediated lincRNA-p21 expression by hijacking mutp53 to upregulate damaged DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) transcription for subsequent DNA repair and chemoresistance. Levels of lincRNA-p21 positively correlated with the clinical responses of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had an inverse correlation with the ER status and DDB2 level. In contrast, the carboplatin-induced DDB2 expression was higher in ER-positive breast tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that ER status determines the oncogenic function of mutp53 in chemoresistance by switching its target gene preference from lincRNA-p21 to DDB2 and suggest that induction of lincRNA-p21 and targeting DDB2 would be effective strategies to increase the chemosensitivity of mutp53 breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao He
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hong Wong
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Wei Hu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Huang
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- AI Innovation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Huang
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Crosstalk between Environmental Inflammatory Stimuli and Non-Coding RNA in Cancer Occurrence and Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174436. [PMID: 34503246 PMCID: PMC8430834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Increasing evidence has indicated that chronic inflammatory processes have an influence on tumor occurrence and all stages of tumor development. A dramatic increase of studies into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) biology has shown that ncRNAs act as oncogenic drivers and tumor suppressors in various inflammation-induced cancers. Thus, this complex network of inflammation-associated cancers and ncRNAs offers targets for prevention from the malignant transformation from inflammation and treatment of malignant diseases. Abstract There is a clear relationship between inflammatory response and different stages of tumor development. Common inflammation-related carcinogens include viruses, bacteria, and environmental mutagens, such as air pollutants, toxic metals, and ultraviolet light. The expression pattern of ncRNA changes in a variety of disease conditions, including inflammation and cancer. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have a causative role in enhancing inflammatory stimulation and evading immune responses, which are particularly important in persistent pathogen infection and inflammation-to-cancer transformation. In this review, we investigated the mechanism of ncRNA expression imbalance in inflammation-related cancers. A better understanding of the function of inflammation-associated ncRNAs may help to reveal the potential of ncRNAs as a new therapeutic strategy.
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Taghizadeh E, Gheibihayat SM, Taheri F, Afshani SM, Farahani N, Saberi A. LncRNAs as putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4007-4015. [PMID: 34254198 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as one of the most common degenerative disorders related to the damage of the central nervous system (CNS). This brain disorder is also characterized by the formation of Lewy bodies in the cytoplasm of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), which consequently leads to motor and non-motor symptoms. With regard to the growing trend in the number of cases with PD and its effects on individuals, families, and communities, immediate treatments together with diagnostic methods are required. In this respect, long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) represent a large class of ncRNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length, playing key roles in some important processes including gene expression, cell differentiation, genomic imprinting, apoptosis, and cell cycle. They are highly expressed in the CNS and previous studies have further reported that the expression profile of lncRNAs is disrupted in human diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders. Since the levels of some lncRNAs change over time in the brains of patients with PD, a number of previous studies have examined their potentials as biomarkers for this brain disorder. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to review the advances in the related literature on lncRNAs as diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic biomarkers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Forough Taheri
- Islamic Azad University (Shahrekord Branch), Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammadreza Afshani
- Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alihossein Saberi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Hou W, Lin Y, Xu W, Chen H, Liu Y, Li C, Zheng Y. Identification and biological analysis of LncSPRY4-IT1-targeted functional proteins in photoaging skin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:530-538. [PMID: 34081809 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Skin photoaging, main causes of skin aging, is induced by chronic UV irradiation. LncSPRY4-IT1, a broadly expressed lncRNA, takes part in various biological functions by combining with functional protein molecules. However, the role of LncSPRY4-IT1 in skin photoaging process has not been characterized. This study is to investigate the interacting proteins of LncSPRY4-IT1 by combining RNA pull-down, high-throughput, and bioinformatic analysis. METHODS Human skin fibroblasts (HDFs) were exposed to 10 J/cm2 UVA irradiation, once a day for 14 days. LncSPRY4-IT1 expression was qualified via RT-PCR. In vitro RNA pull-down assays and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis were used to identify the LncSPRY4-IT1-related proteins. Functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment were preformed via Gene Ontology and KEGG. RESULTS LncSPRY4-IT1 expression in photoaging fibroblasts was increased 1.66 ± 0.23 folds. 181 LncSPRY4-IT1-interacting proteins in UVA-induced photoaging skin fibroblast irradiation were identified, of which 56 proteins with two or more unique peptides, 73 proteins related to RNA processing, and 5 proteins related to DNA processing. High-throughput and bioinformatic analysis showed that LncSPRY4-IT1-targeting proteins were involved in cellular process, metabolic process, biological regulation, and cell part in skin photoaging process. The KEGG revealed that LncSPRY4-IT1-targeting proteins were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION The results of our studies illuminate how LncSPRY4-IT1 formed a LncRNA-protein regulatory network in skin photoaging mechanisms and suggest that LncSPRY4-IT1 may serve as a novel upstream intervention target for the prevention and treatment of photoaging and related skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Hou
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weichun Xu
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University -Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Dermato-venereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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De Martino M, Esposito F, Pallante P. Long non-coding RNAs regulating multiple proliferative pathways in cancer cell. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:3140-3157. [PMID: 35116622 PMCID: PMC8797882 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) belong to an extremely heterogeneous class of non-coding RNAs with a length ranging from 200 to 100,000 bp. They modulate a series of cellular pathways in both physiological and pathological context. It is no coincidence that they are expressed in an aberrant way in pathologies such as cancer, so as to deserve to be subclassified as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. These molecules are also involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation. Several lncRNAs are able to modulate cell growth both positively and negatively, and in this review we have focused on a small group of them, characterized by the simultaneous action on different pathways regulating cell proliferation. They have been considered in the light of their behavior in three different subtypes of proliferative pathways that we can define as (I) tumor suppressor, (II) oncogenic and (III) transcriptionally-driven. More specifically, we have characterized some lncRNAs considered oncogenes (such as H19, linc-ROR, MALAT1, HULC, HOTAIR and ANRIL), tumor suppressors (such as MEG3 and lincRNA-p21), and both oncogenes/tumor suppressors (UCA1 and TUG1) in a little more detail. As can be understood from the review, the interactions between lncRNAs and their molecular targets, only in the context of controlling cell proliferation, give rise to an intricate molecular network, the understanding of which, in the future, will certainly be of help for the treatment of molecular diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Martino
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Pierlorenzo Pallante
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Aravindhan S, Younus LA, Hadi Lafta M, Markov A, Ivanovna Enina Y, Yushchenkо NA, Thangavelu L, Mostafavi SM, Pokrovskii MV, Ahmadi M. P53 long noncoding RNA regulatory network in cancer development. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1583-1598. [PMID: 33760334 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein p53 as a transcription factor with strong tumor-suppressive activities is known to trigger apoptosis via multiple pathways and is directly involved in the recognition of DNA damage and DNA repair processes. P53 alteration is now recognized as a common event in the pathogenesis of many types of human malignancies. Deregulation of tumor suppressor p53 pathways plays an important role in the activation of cell proliferation or inactivation of apoptotic cell death during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Mounting evidence indicates that the p53 status of tumors and also the regulatory functions of p53 may be relevant to the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA)-dependent gene regulation programs. Besides coding genes, lncRNAs that do not encode for proteins are induced or suppressed by p53 transcriptional response and thus control cancer progression. LncRNAs also have emerged as key regulators that impinge on the p53 signaling network orchestrating global gene-expression profile. Studies have suggested that aberrant expression of lncRNAs as a molecular-genomic signature may play important roles in cancer biology. Accordingly, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms by which the crosstalk between lncRNAs and p53 occurs in the development of numerous cancers. Here, we review how several classes of lncRNAs and p53 pathways are linked together in controlling the cell cycle and apoptosis in various cancer cells in both human and mouse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, chennai, India
| | - Laith A Younus
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan Medical University, Al Najaf Al Ashraf, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | | | - Yulianna Ivanovna Enina
- Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya A Yushchenkо
- Department of Legal Disciplines, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Michail V Pokrovskii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Quinlan S, May S, Weeks R, Yuan H, Luff J. Canine Papillomavirus 2 E6 Does Not Interfere With UVB-Induced Upregulation of p53 and p53-Regulated Genes. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:570982. [PMID: 33748203 PMCID: PMC7965962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.570982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous papillomaviruses are oncogenic viruses that cause severe, persistent infections that can develop into skin cancers within ultraviolet (UV)-exposed skin of immunodeficient individuals, such as those with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). A canine research model of XSCID exhibits a similar phenotype; these dogs develop severe canine papillomavirus 2 (CPV2) infections that often progress to cancer. Thus, the dog is a natural, spontaneous model to investigate cutaneous papillomavirus infections in immunodeficient patients. The human papillomavirus oncogene E6 contributes to cancer development, in part, by initiating degradation of the tumor suppressor protein p53, or by inhibiting upregulation of p53-dependent genes required within the cell growth arrest and apoptotic pathways, thereby leading to an accumulation of DNA damage required for oncogenesis. Currently, little is known about CPV2, and how it promotes cancer development. The aim of this study was to determine if CPV2 oncogene E6 similarly affects p53 upon activation by UV radiation, as well as the downstream p53-regulated genes necessary to control growth arrest and apoptosis. We determined that cutaneous CPV2 E6 does not degrade p53, or interfere with the upregulation of p53-regulated genes p21, Bax, Bak, or lncRNA-p21, suggesting that CPV2 may use a p53-independent mechanism to contribute to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Quinlan
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Susan May
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Weeks
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hang Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Luff
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Piipponen M, Nissinen L, Kähäri VM. Long non-coding RNAs in cutaneous biology and keratinocyte carcinomas. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4601-4614. [PMID: 32462404 PMCID: PMC7599158 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03554-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a largely uncharacterized group of non-coding RNAs with diverse regulatory roles in various biological processes. Recent observations have elucidated the functional roles of lncRNAs in cutaneous biology, e.g. in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and in cutaneous wound repair. Furthermore, the role of lncRNAs in keratinocyte-derived skin cancers is emerging, especially in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which presents a significant burden to health care services worldwide and causes high mortality as metastatic disease. Elucidation of the functions of keratinocyte-specific lncRNAs will improve understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of epidermal disorders and skin cancers and can be exploited in development of new diagnostic and therapeutic applications for keratinocyte carcinomas. In this review, we summarize the current evidence of functionally important lncRNAs in cutaneous biology and in keratinocyte carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Piipponen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Nissinen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kähäri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11 TE6, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Western Cancer Centre of the Cancer Center Finland (FICAN West), University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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30
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Insight into the roles of long non-coding RNAs in ultraviolet-induced skin diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 134:398-400. [PMID: 32932284 PMCID: PMC7909141 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Li Y, Castellano JJ, Moreno I, Martínez-Rodenas F, Hernandez R, Canals J, Diaz T, Han B, Muñoz C, Biete A, Monzo M, Navarro A. LincRNA-p21 Levels Relates to Survival and Post-Operative Radiotherapy Benefit in Rectal Cancer Patients. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090172. [PMID: 32878005 PMCID: PMC7555220 DOI: 10.3390/life10090172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LincRNA-p21 is a long non-coding RNA involved in the p53 pathway and angiogenesis regulation that acts as prognostic marker in several tumors. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the clinical value of lincRNA-p21 in 177 resected stage I–III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Tumor and normal paired tissue and plasma samples from tumor-draining mesenteric veins and paired peripheral veins were analyzed. LincRNA-p21 expression was determined by RTqPCR and correlated with disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). LincRNA-p21 was downregulated in tumor versus normal tissue (p = 0.0012). CRC patients with high lincRNA-p21 expression had shorter DFS (p = 0.0372) and shorter OS (p = 0.0465). Of note, the major prognostic impact was observed in the subset of rectal cancer patients where patients with high lincRNA-p21 levels had worse DFS (p = 0.0226) and OS (p = 0.0457). Interestingly, rectal cancer patients with high lincRNA-p21 benefited from post-operative chemoradiotherapy, as indicated by a longer OS in the group of high lincRNA-p21 patients receiving post-operative chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.04). Finally, patients with high lincRNA-p21 levels in mesenteric vein (MV) had shorter OS (p = 0.0329). LincRNA-p21 is a marker of advanced disease and worse outcome in CRC. Moreover, rectal cancer patients with high lincRNA-p21 levels could benefit from post-operative chemoradiotherapy, and plasmatic-lincRNA-p21 is a promising liquid biopsy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Joan J. Castellano
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Department of Medical Oncology and Surgery, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, 08911 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Martínez-Rodenas
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology and Surgery, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, 08911 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Raquel Hernandez
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology and Surgery, Hospital Municipal de Badalona, 08911 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Canals
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Tania Diaz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Bing Han
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carmen Muñoz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Albert Biete
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mariano Monzo
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.L.); (J.J.C.); (F.M.-R.); (R.H.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (B.H.); (C.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934021903
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Zhang Z, Meng Y, Gao F, Xiao Y, Zheng Y, Wang HQ, Gao Y, Jiang H, Yuan B, Zhang JB. TGF-β1-Mediated FDNCR1 Regulates Porcine Preadipocyte Differentiation via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081399. [PMID: 32796679 PMCID: PMC7459525 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fat differentiation affects lipid deposition and is a complex metabolic process. It has been previously reported that multiple transcription factors regulate adipocyte formation. With the in-depth study of epigenetics, in recent years it has been reported that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can effectively affect the formation of lipid droplets and thus regulate fat deposition. lncRNA can regulate cell function through a variety of mechanisms, the most studied is the mechanism of action of lncRNA as a miRNA molecular sponge. The purpose of this article is to explore the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) mediated lncRNA in the formation of porcine adipocytes, from the perspective of lncRNA to reveal the effect of TGF-β1 on the differentiation of porcine adipocytes, and provide a new way to improve the quality of pork. Abstract Adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism have important regulatory effects on the quality of meat from livestock. A variety of transcription factors regulate preadipocyte differentiation. Several studies have revealed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) may play a key role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT); however, little is known about the effects of TGF-β1 treatment on porcine preadipocytes. To explore the role of TGF-β1 in porcine adipocyte differentiation, porcine preadipocytes were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, and two libraries were constructed for RNA-seq. We chose an abundant and differentially expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which we named fat deposition-associated long noncoding RNA1 (FDNCR1), for further study. RT-qPCR was used to detect mRNA levels of genes related to adipocyte differentiation. Triglyceride assay kits were used to detect lipid droplet deposition. TGF-β1 significantly suppressed porcine preadipocyte differentiation. We identified 8158 lncRNAs in total and 39 differentially expressed lncRNAs. After transfection with FDNCR1 siRNA, the mRNA expression of aP2, C/EBPα, and PPARγ and triglyceride levels significantly increased. Transfection with FDNCR1 siRNA significantly decreased protein levels of p-Smad2/Smad2 and p-Smad3/Smad3. These results demonstrate that FDNCR1 suppresses porcine preadipocyte differentiation via the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Hao-Qi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
| | - Bao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (J.-B.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.); +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.)
| | - Jia-Bao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Animals, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.M.); (F.G.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.-Q.W.); (Y.G.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (B.Y.); (J.-B.Z.); Tel.: +86-431-8783-6536 (B.Y.); +86-431-8783-6551 (J.-B.Z.)
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Abdalla BMZ, Simas Pedreiro B, Garcia Morales A, Krutman Zveibil D, Paschoal FM. Clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of daylight photodynamic therapy in the treatment of field cancerization: a study of 30 cases. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:878-884. [PMID: 32628053 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1789042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) are pre-malignant lesions, precursors of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Normal skin adjacent to AK, may present initial mutations with potential risk for new neoplasms, currently known today as field cancerization (FC). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of daylight photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methyl amino levulinate (MAL) based on clinical evaluation, histological examination and immunohistochemical expression of p53 and Ki67. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty patients, over 35 years old, phototypes between I and III, presenting non-hypertrophic AK on the face or scalp. Two biopsies with 2 mm punch of the lesion and adjacent skin before and 60 days after daylight PDT were performed. Results: Improvement was seen in lesion thickness and Ki67. 19 (63.33%) lesions had atypia improvement with a p-value <.05, showing efficacy in treatment. After daylight PDT, 22 (73.33%) patients showed satisfactory esthetic improvement. CONCLUSION The study shows that PDT has cellular and molecular effects that support its indication in the control of carcinogenesis, as it decreases atypia and controls the expression of Ki67, reducing the proliferation of atypical cells. However, its indication following this study is still mainly aimed at clinical improvement of the skin, at this moment, probably due to the sample size.
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Amirinejad R, Rezaei M, Shirvani-Farsani Z. An update on long intergenic noncoding RNA p21: a regulatory molecule with various significant functions in cancer. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:82. [PMID: 32582435 PMCID: PMC7310005 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNA p21 was mapped on the human chromosome 6p21.2. Accordingly, it was firstly described by promoting the p53-dependent apoptosis in the mouse. Also, it is a new lncRNA playing some vital roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this regard, it was shown that, lincRNA-p21 regulates these biological processes involved in carcinogenesis through various signaling pathways including Notch signaling, JAK2/STAT3, and AKT/mTOR pathways. Another mechanism by that lincRNA-p21 can affect these processes is a cross-talk with different miRNAs. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed dysregulation of lincRNA-p21 in various human cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrated that, lincRNA-p21 can be considered as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in cancers. Also, lincRNA-p21 enhances the response to radiotherapy for colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of lincRNA-p21 in carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated so far. So, this review summarizes the function of lincRNA-p21, as a tumor suppressor factor in different biological processes implicated in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Amirinejad
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Center Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
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Catana CS, Crișan CA, Opre D, Berindan-Neagoe I. Implications of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Age-Altered Proteostasis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:692-704. [PMID: 32489713 PMCID: PMC7220293 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on how lncRNAs are influencing aging and cancer metabolism. Recent research has shown that senescent cells re-enter cell-cycle depending on intrinsic or extrinsic factors, thus restoring tissue homeostasis in response to age-related diseases (ARDs). Furthermore, maintaining proteostasis or cellular protein homeostasis requires a correct quality control (QC) of protein synthesis, folding, conformational stability, and degradation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, regulate gene expression through RNA-binding protein (RBP) interaction. Their association is linked to aging, an event of proteostasis collapse. The current review examines approaches that lead to recognition of senescence-associated lncRNAs, current methodologies, potential challenges that arise from studying these molecules, and their crucial implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina-Sorina Catana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Catalina-Angela Crișan
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Opre
- Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- MEDFUTURE - Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Institute of Doctoral Studies, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Experimental Pathology, “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta” Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Extracellular Vesicle lincRNA-p21 Expression in Tumor-Draining Pulmonary Vein Defines Prognosis in NSCLC and Modulates Endothelial Cell Behavior. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030734. [PMID: 32244977 PMCID: PMC7140053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced upregulation of lincRNA-p21 in tumor tissue was previously shown by our group to be related to poor prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In the present study, we have evaluated the presence of lincRNA-p21 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from NSCLC patients and assessed its potential as a prognostic biomarker. High EV lincRNA-p21 levels in blood from the tumor-draining vein were associated with shorter time to relapse and shorter overall survival. Moreover, the multivariate analysis identified high lincRNA-p21 levels as an independent prognostic marker. In addition, lincRNA-p21 was overexpressed in H23 and HCC44 NSCLC cell lines and their derived EVs under hypoxic conditions. Functional assays using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that tumor-derived EVs enriched in lincRNA-p21 affected endothelial cells by promoting tube formation and enhancing tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Additionally, the analysis of selected EV microRNAs related to angiogenesis and metastasis showed that the microRNAs correlated with EV lincRNA-p21 levels in both patients and cell lines. Finally, EV co-culture with HUVEC cells increased the expression of microRNAs and genes related to endothelial cell activation. In conclusion, EV lincRNA-p21 acts as a novel prognosis marker in resected NSCLC patients, promoting angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Connerty P, Lock RB, de Bock CE. Long Non-coding RNAs: Major Regulators of Cell Stress in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:285. [PMID: 32266130 PMCID: PMC7099402 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress can occur in many forms; oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), metabolic stress from increased metabolic programs and genotoxic stress in the form of DNA damage and disrepair. In most instances, these different types of cell stress initiate programmed cell death. However, in cancer, cells are able to resist cellular stress and by-pass growth limiting checkpoints. Recent findings have now revealed that the large and heterogenous RNA species known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are major players in regulating and overcoming cancer cell stress. lncRNAs constitute a significant fraction of the genes differentially expressed in response to cell stress and contribute to the management of downstream cellular processes, including the regulation of key stress responses such as metabolic stress, oxidative stress and genotoxic stress. This review highlights the complex regulatory role of lncRNAs in the cell stress response of cancer by providing an overview of key examples from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Connerty
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charles E. de Bock
- Children's Cancer Institute, School of Women's and Children's Health, Lowy Cancer Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The Potential Regulatory Roles of lncRNAs in DNA Damage Response in Human Lymphocytes Exposed to UVC Irradiation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8962635. [PMID: 32258156 PMCID: PMC7094206 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8962635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that modulate gene expression, thereby participating in the regulation of various cellular processes. However, it is not clear about the expression and underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in irradiation-induced DNA damage response. In the present study, we performed integrative analysis of lncRNA-mRNA expression profile in human lymphocytes irradiated with ultraviolet-C (UVC). The results showed that exposure to UVC irradiation dose-dependently increased the fluorescence intensity of γ-H2AX and induced cell death. Microarray analysis revealed that up-regulated lncRNAs were more common than down-regulated lncRNAs with the increase of radiation dose in UVC-radiated cells. Stem analysis demonstrated the relationship between lncRNA expression level and radiation dose. qPCR results confirmed that LOC338799 and its coexpressed genes such as LCE1F and ISCU showed the increase in expression levels with the increase of UVC radiation dose. We utilized Cytoscape to screen out 5 lncRNAs and 13 coexpressed genes linking to p53, which might participate in the regulation of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell death. These findings suggest that lncRNAs might play a role in UVC-induced DNA damage response through regulating expression of genes in p53 signaling pathway.
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Wang J, Yang X, Han S, Zhang L. CEP131 knockdown inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting the ERK and AKT signaling pathways in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3145-3152. [PMID: 32218865 PMCID: PMC7068694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted centrosome-associated family protein expression can result in the detrimental duplication of centrosomes, causing genomic instability and subsequent carcinogenesis. Limited research has demonstrated that centrosomal protein 131 (CEP131) exhibits oncogenic activity in osteosarcoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer. The present study demonstrated that there is an association between CEP131 expression and advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (P=0.016), and positive regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.023) in 91 cases of non-small cell lung cancer. A549 and SPC-A-1 cells, with moderate expression levels of CEP131, were selected as representative cell lines. The results indicated that downregulation of CEP131 induced G1/S cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cyclins D1/E and cyclin-dependent kinases 2/4/6, and induction of inhibitory p21/p27, all of which are regulated by ERK and AKT signaling, suggesting that CEP131 exhibits potential as a novel target in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, P.R. China
| | - Shixin Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Zhang JA, Luan C, Huang D, Ju M, Chen K, Gu H. Induction of Autophagy by Baicalin Through the AMPK-mTOR Pathway Protects Human Skin Fibroblasts from Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Apoptosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:417-428. [PMID: 32099326 PMCID: PMC6996114 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s228047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Baicalin, a natural product isolated from Scutellaria radix, has been reported to exert anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on skin, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of anti-UVB effect of baicalin in human skin fibroblasts. Methods Cell proliferation was estimated by CCK-8 Kit. Apoptotic incidence was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-PE/PI apoptosis detection kit. Autophagy was determined by the evaluation of fluorescent LC3 puncta and Western blotting. Cell signalling was analysed by Western blotting. Results Baicalin exerted cytoprotective effects in UVB-induced HSFs. Moreover, baicalin increased autophagy and suppressed UVB-induced apoptosis of HSFs. Pretreatment with 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, attenuated baicalin-induced HSFs autophagy and promoted apoptosis. Baicalin activated AMPK, which leads to suppression of basal mTOR activity in cultured HSFs. Administration of compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abrogated AMPK phosphorylation and increased mTOR phosphorylation and apoptosis compared with baicalin alone. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate the important role of mTOR inhibition in UVB protection by baicalin and provide a new target and strategy for better prevention of UV-induced skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-An Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Luan
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Ju
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Tam HW, Hall JR, Messenger ZJ, Jima DD, House JS, Linder K, Smart RC. C/EBPβ suppresses keratinocyte autonomous type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1099-1109. [PMID: 30698678 PMCID: PMC10893916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is activated by DNA damage and oncogenic stimuli to regulate senescence, apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, which are essential to prevent cancer. Here, we utilized UVB radiation, a potent inducer of DNA damage, p53, apoptosis and skin cancer to investigate the mechanism of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) in regulating p53-mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes and to test whether the deletion of C/EBPβ in epidermis can protect mice from UVB-induced skin cancer. UVB-treatment of C/EBPβ skin conditional knockout (CKOβ) mice increased p53 protein levels in epidermis and enhanced p53-dependent apoptotic activity 3-fold compared with UVB-treated control mice. UVB increased C/EBPβ levels through a p53-dependent pathway and stimulated the formation of a C/EBPβ-p53 protein complex; knockdown of C/EBPβ increased p53 protein stability in keratinocytes. These results suggest a p53-C/EBPβ feedback loop, whereby C/EBPβ, a transcriptional target of a p53 pathway, functions as a survival factor by negatively regulating p53 apoptotic activity in response to DNA damage. RNAseq analysis of UVB-treated CKOβ epidermis unexpectedly revealed that type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway was the most highly enriched pathway. Numerous pro-apoptotic interferon stimulated genes were upregulated including some known to enhance p53 apoptosis. Our results indicate that p53 and IFN pathways function together in response to DNA damage to result in the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways and caspase 8 cleavage. Last, we observed CKOβ mice were resistant to UVB-induced skin cancer. Our results suggest that C/EBPβ represses apoptosis through keratinocyte autonomous suppression of the type 1 IFN response and p53 to increase cell survival and susceptibility to UVB-induced skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hann W Tam
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan R Hall
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John S House
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Keith Linder
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert C Smart
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Han Y, Wu N, Jiang M, Chu Y, Wang Z, Liu H, Cao J, Liu H, Xu B, Xie X. Long non-coding RNA MYOSLID functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate MCL-1 expression by sponging miR-29c-3p in gastric cancer. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12678. [PMID: 31497917 PMCID: PMC6869334 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has become an important regulator of many human malignancies. However, the biological role and clinical significance of most lncRNA in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. Methods We investigate the biological function, mechanism of action and clinical expression of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC. First, we analysed the differential expression of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC tissues and non‐cancerous tissues by analysing the sequencing data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Subsequently, we verified that lncRNA MYOSLID regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of GC cells by acting as a ceRNA against miR‐29c‐3p. The nude mouse xenograft was used to further confirm the functional significance of lncRNA MYOSLID in vivo. Results We found for the first time that the expression of lncRNA MYOSLID was significantly up‐regulated in GC tissues, and the up‐regulation of lncRNA MYOSLID in GC was correlated with tumour size, AJCC stage, depth of invasion and survival time. In addition, apoptosis and growth arrest can be induced in vitro after knockdown of lncRNA MYOSLID, which inhibits tumorigenesis in mouse xenografts in vivo. Further in‐depth studies revealed that lncRNA MYOSLID acts as a ceRNA of miR‐29c‐3p, resulting in de‐repression of its downstream target gene MCL‐1. Conclusion The lncRNA MYOSLID‐miR‐29c‐3p‐MCL‐1 axis plays a key role in the development of GC. Our findings may provide potential new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanming Liu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Li H, Jin X, Liu B, Zhang P, Chen W, Li Q. CircRNA CBL.11 suppresses cell proliferation by sponging miR-6778-5p in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:826. [PMID: 31438886 PMCID: PMC6704711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is considered an important therapeutic strategy in the fight against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the existence of some radioresistance factors becomes the main challenge for the RT. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have shown an important role in modulating cancer cell responses to ionizing radiation (IR). It is therefore of great significance to elucidate the exact mechanisms of ncRNAs in IR-mediated responses to CRC. METHODS Microarrays were used to identify specific miRNAs that may be altered in response to IR. Bioinformatics, luciferase reporter analyses were used to explore the targets of miR-6778-5p. CircRNA CBL.11 was identified to bind with miR-6778-5p by bioinformatic analysis, AGO2 immunoprecipitation and biotinylated RNA pull-down assay. Functional experiments, including CCK-8 assay, cell colony formation assay and EdU incorporation were conducted to investigate the biological roles of miR-6778-5p and circular RNA CBL.11. RESULTS MiR-6778-5p was suppressed in CRC cells after irradiation. Results of functional experiments indicated that miR-6778-5p promoted the proliferation of CRC cells. Luciferase reporter analyses showed that YWHAE was a target of miR-6778-5p, which mediated the function of miR-6778-5p in the proliferation of CRC cells via the p53 pathway. Furthermore, we have noticed that after carbon ion irradiation, circRNA CBL.11 was increased in CRC cells and could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate YWHAE expression by sponging miR-6778-5p, resulting in regulation the proliferation of CRC cells. CONCLUSION CircRNA CBL.11 may play an important role in improving the efficacy of carbon ion RT against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingtao Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhang Y, Miao Y, Shang M, Liu M, Liu R, Pan E, Pu Y, Yin L. LincRNA-p21 leads to G1 arrest by p53 pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6201-6214. [PMID: 31308755 PMCID: PMC6613612 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in China. Long noncoding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators in cancer. Long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21, a kind of Long noncoding RNAs, LincRNA-p21 have been discussed dysregulated in several cancers, but its role in ESCC remains unknown. This study investigated the role of LincRNA-p21 in ESCC. Materials and methods: The LincRNA-p21 expression level and its association with esophageal cancer was determined in 64 tumor tissues of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and cells using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of single-RNA molecular probes was used to determine subcellular localization of LincRNA-p21. CCK8 and EdU assays were used for proliferation assay, flow cytometry was performed for apoptosis and cell-cycle distribution, and 24-well Mill cell chamber was made for measuring the abilities of migration and invasion after transfected with lentivirus-expressing LincRNA-p21 in EC109 cells. Then, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and Western blot detected the expression of p21. Further, UC2288, an inhibitor of p21, was used to decrease the level of p21, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Finally, screening for differential pathways from microarray analysis and expression of p53 and cyclin D were detected by Western blot. Results:LincRNA-p21 expression level was remarkably lower in tumor tissues versus nontumor tissues and lower in EC109 cells versus Het-1A cells. Statistical analysis found that LincRNA-p21 might enhance the risk of ESCC. We observed that LincRNA-p21 was expressed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and a larger proportion of LincRNA-p21 was observed in the cytoplasm. The results demonstrated that upregulating the expression of LincRNA-p21 could inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the transition of cell cycle from G1 and promoted apoptosis of EC109. Then, we found that LincRNA-p21 promotes the expression of p21. Decreasing the level of p21 revealed that cell-cycle arrest was restored. Pathway analysis found p53 pathway was downregulated, and upregulation of LincRNA-p21 inhibited the expression of cyclin D. Conclusion: Our study suggests that LincRNA-p21 plays as a tumor inhibitor in ESCC development and LincRNA-p21 might induce G1 arrest through p53 signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhe Shang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ench Pan
- Huaian Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Huaian 223001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Carlevaro-Fita J, Johnson R. Global Positioning System: Understanding Long Noncoding RNAs through Subcellular Localization. Mol Cell 2019; 73:869-883. [PMID: 30849394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The localization of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) within the cell is the primary determinant of their molecular functions. LncRNAs are often thought of as chromatin-restricted regulators of gene transcription and chromatin structure. However, a rich population of cytoplasmic lncRNAs has come to light, with diverse roles including translational regulation, signaling, and respiration. RNA maps of increasing resolution and scope are revealing a subcellular world of highly specific localization patterns and hint at sequence-based address codes specifying lncRNA fates. We propose a new framework for analyzing sequencing-based data, which suggests that numbers of cytoplasmic lncRNA molecules rival those in the nucleus. New techniques promise to create high-resolution, transcriptome-wide maps associated with all organelles of the mammalian cell. Given its intimate link to molecular roles, subcellular localization provides a means of unlocking the mystery of lncRNA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Carlevaro-Fita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rory Johnson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Yang J, Wang X. Role of long non-coding RNAs in lymphoma: A systematic review and clinical perspectives. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 141:13-22. [PMID: 31202125 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are over 200 nucleotides in length, and they rarely act as templates for protein synthesis. Mounting studies have shown that lncRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in various processes that sustain life, such as epigenetic regulation, cell cycle control, splicing, and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in most hematological malignancies including lymphoma, participating in tumor suppression or promoting oncogenesis and modulating key genes in different pathways. The specific expression patterns of lncRNAs in lymphoma make them good candidates to be used as diagnostic biomarkers or as therapeutic targets. LncRNAs can be targeted by multiple approaches including nucleic acid therapeutics, CRISPR/Cas genome editing techniques, small molecule inhibitors, and gene therapy. Efforts are made to develop therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting lncRNAs, but there are still some avenues to be covered before they can be applied to the clinical treatment of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Lymphoma, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Key Laboratory for Kidney Regeneration of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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O'Leary VB, Ovsepian SV, Smida J, Atkinson MJ. PARTICLE - The RNA podium for genomic silencers. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19464-19470. [PMID: 31058319 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure can evoke cellular stress responses. Emerging recognition that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as regulators of gene expression has broadened the spectra of molecules controlling the genomic landscape upon alterations in environmental conditions. Knowledge of the mechanisms responding to low dose irradiation (LDR) exposure is very limited yet most likely involve subtle ancillary molecular pathways other than those protecting the cell from direct cellular damage. The discovery that transcription of the lncRNA PARTICLE (promoter of MAT2A- antisense radiation-induced circulating lncRNA; PARTICL) becomes dramatically instigated within a day after LDR exposure introduced a new gene regulator onto the biological landscape. PARTICLE affords an RNA binding platform for genomic silencers such as DNA methyltransferase 1 and histone tri-methyltransferases to reign in the expression of tumor suppressors such as its neighboring MAT2A in cis as well as WWOX in trans. In silico evidence offers scope to speculate that PARTICLE exploits the abundance of Hoogsten bonds that exist throughout mammalian genomes for triplex formation, presumably a vital feature within this RNA silencer. PARTICLE may provide a buffering riboswitch platform for S-adenosylmethionine. The correlation of PARTICLE triplex formation sites within tumor suppressor genes and their abundance throughout the genome at cancer-related hotspots offers an insight into potential avenues worth exploring in future therapeutic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- RP1 Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Smida
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Institute of Radiation Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany.,Chair of Radiation Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Long non-coding RNA-p21 regulates MPP +-induced neuronal injury by targeting miR-625 and derepressing TRPM2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 307:73-81. [PMID: 31004593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease, occurs as a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Long non-coding RNA-p21 (lnc-p21) has been demonstrated to be upregulated in PD. However, its role in PD is unknown. Here, the results showed that lnc-p21 was highly expressed in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with MPP+. Knockdown of lnc-p21 attenuated the cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis induced by MPP+ as shown by enhanced cell viability, decreased LDH release and cell apoptosis rate, accompanying with reduction of caspase-3 activity and Bax expression, and enhancement of Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, knockdown of lnc-p21 mitigated MPP+-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, as evidenced by the decrease in ROS generation, increase in SOD activity and decline in TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Conversely, overexpression of lnc-p21 resulted in the opposite effect. miR-625 was identified as a target of lnc-p21. lnc-p21 overturned the inhibitory effect of miR-625 on MPP+-induced neuronal injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, lnc-p21 positively regulated TRPM2 expression by targeting miR-625, and knockdown of TRPM2 inhibited MPP+-induced neuronal injury. Overall, our study identified a new lnc-p21-miR-625-TRPM2 regulatory network that lnc-p21 regulated MPP + -induced neuronal injury by sponging miR-625 and upregulating TRPM2 in SH-SY5Y cells, which provide a better understanding for the pathogenesis of PD.
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Tang D, Yang Z, Long F, Luo L, Yang B, Zhu R, Sang X, Cao G. Inhibition of MALAT1 reduces tumor growth and metastasis and promotes drug sensitivity in colorectal cancer. Cell Signal 2019; 57:21-28. [PMID: 30716387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA known to be highly expressed in several tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC), MALAT1 promotes cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MALAT1 on the proliferation, migration, and drug sensitivity of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo and the mechanisms involved therein. We observed increased expression of MALAT1 in six CRC cell lines compared to that in normal cells, suggesting its involvement in CRC progression. Downregulation of MALAT1 inhibited cell migration and induced apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. Furthermore, MALAT1 silencing downregulated the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multi-drug resistance proteins including MDR1 and MRP1, resulting in decreased resistance of cancer cells to 5-FU. In addition, the metastasis and invasion of HCT-116 and HCT-116/5-FU cells were regulated via targeting miR-20b-5p. Based on these observations, we infer that inhibition of MALAT1 suppressed CRC progression and metastasis and improved the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5-FU. The present study proposes a new direction to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasion and metastasis of CRC, whereby the interaction between MALAT1 and miR-20b-5p could be a novel therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Zhu Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Fengxi Long
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Li Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Bing Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Guiyang, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Ruyi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Chang L, Liu T, Chai Z, Jie S, Li Z, Liu M, Dong W, Wang X, Zhou B. lincRNA-p21 Mediates the Anti-Cancer Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGb 761 by Stabilizing E-Cadherin Protein in Colon Cancer. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9488-9496. [PMID: 30594943 PMCID: PMC6322715 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 is a putative antioxidant and has been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of ailments, including cancer. While it is known that cell behavior can be modulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the contributions of lncRNAs in EGb 761-induced anti-cancer effects are largely unknown. Material/Methods Colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 were used in this study. RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression of lincRNA-p21 in colon cancer cells. Wound-healing assay and Matrigel Transwell assay were performed to investigate the migration and invasion of colon cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments were used to verify ubiquitination and the interaction between lincRNA-p21 and E-cadherin, or E-cadherin and b-transducin repeat containing (BTRC) E3 ubiquitin protein ligase. Results Cell function assay verified that treatment with EGb 761 suppressed the migratory and invasive abilities of colon cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner via the suppression of E-cadherin expression level. lincRNA-p21 was upregulated in colon cancer cells after treatment with EGb 761, and knockdown of lincRNA-p21 reversed the EGb 761-induced anti-metastatic effect. Furthermore, lincRNA-p21 was localized in cytoplasm of colon cells and regulated E-cadherin expression at a post-transcriptional level. Specifically, lincRNA-p21 promotes E-cadherin stability by preventing the interaction between BTRC and E-cadherin, which leads to the inhibition of E-cadherin ubiquitination. Conclusions We demonstrated that lincRNA-p21 mediates the anti-cancer effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 by stabilizing E-cadherin protein in colon cancer, which may help define the functional role of EGb 761 in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Chang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongqiu Chai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Song Jie
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongyun Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Medical Insurance, Shanxi Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Wenhai Dong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xixing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Bing Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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