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Papadaki MA, Papadaki E, Chatziavraam S, Aggouraki D, Michaelidou K, Fotsitzoudis C, Vassilakopoulou M, Mavroudis D, Agelaki S. Prognostic Value of Fas/Fas Ligand Expression on Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and Immune Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2927. [PMID: 39272785 PMCID: PMC11393959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system is a major apoptosis-regulating pathway with a key role in tumor immune surveillance and metastasis. The expression of Fas/FasL on mammary tumor tissues holds prognostic value for breast cancer (BC) patients. We herein assessed Fas/FasL expression on circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 98 patients with metastatic BC receiving first-line treatment. Fas+, FasL+, and Fas+/FasL+ CTCs were identified in 88.5%, 92.3%, and 84.6% of CTC-positive patients, respectively. In addition, Fas+/FasL+, Fas-/FasL+, and Fas-/FasL- PBMCs were identified in 70.3%, 24.2%, and 5.5% of patients, respectively. A reduced progression-free survival (PFS) was revealed among CTC-positive patients (median PFS: 9.5 versus 13.4 months; p = 0.004), and specifically among those harboring Fas+/FasL+ CTCs (median PFS: 9.5 vs. 13.4 months; p = 0.009). On the other hand, an increased overall survival (OS) was demonstrated among patients with Fas+/FasL+ PBMCs rather than those with Fas-/FasL+ and Fas-/FasL- PBMCs (median OS: 35.7 vs. 25.9 vs. 14.4 months, respectively; p = 0.008). These data provide for the first time evidence on Fas/FasL expression on CTCs and PBMCs with significant prognostic value for patients with metastatic BC, thus highlighting the role of the Fas/FasL system in the peripheral immune response and metastatic progression of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Papadaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Chatziavraam
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Despoina Aggouraki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Charalampos Fotsitzoudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Vassilakopoulou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Mavroudis
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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Chang IYF, Tsai HC, Chen CH, Chen HC, Huang CW, Cox GF, Huang FM, Lin YY, Chen KT, Lin YJ, Wei KC. CAN008 prolongs overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed GBM characterized by high tumor mutational burden. Biomed J 2024; 47:100660. [PMID: 37741340 PMCID: PMC11340566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A previous phase 1 dose-escalation study in Taiwan indicated CAN008 (asunercept) with standard concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) improved progression-free survival (PFS) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients. This study evaluates the efficacy of CAN008 in promoting overall survival (OS) and identifies genetic alterations associated with treatment responses. METHODS We compared OS of 5-year follow-ups from 9 evaluable CAN008 cohort patients (6 received high-dose and 3 received low-dose) to a historical Taiwanese GBM cohort with 164 newly diagnosed patients. CAN008 treatment response-associated genetic alterations were identified by whole-exome sequencing and comparing variant differences between response groups. Associations among patient survival, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and genetic alterations were analyzed using CAN008 cohort and TCGA-GBM dataset. RESULTS OS for high-dose CAN008 patients at 2 and 5 years was 83% and 67%, respectively, and 40.1% and 8.8% for the historical GBM cohort, respectively. Better OS was observed in the high-dose CAN008 cohort (without reaching the median survival) than the historical GBM cohort (median OS: 20 months; p = 0.0103). Five high-dose CAN008 patients were divided into good and poor response groups based on their PFS. A higher variant count and TMB were observed in good response patients, whereas no significant association was observed between TMB and patient survival in the newly diagnosed TCGA-GBM dataset, suggesting TMB may modulate patient CAN008 response. CONCLUSION CAN008 combined with standard CCRT treatment prolonged the PFS and OS of newly diagnosed GBM patients compared to standard therapy alone. Higher treatment efficacy was associated with higher TMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chieh Tsai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | - You-Yu Lin
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Ting Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jui Lin
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Pelizzari-Raymundo D, Maltret V, Nivet M, Pineau R, Papaioannou A, Zhou X, Caradec F, Martin S, Le Gallo M, Avril T, Chevet E, Lafont E. IRE1 RNase controls CD95-mediated cell death. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:1792-1813. [PMID: 38383861 PMCID: PMC11014915 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Signalling by the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) or by the Death Receptors (DR) are frequently activated towards pro-tumoral outputs in cancer. Herein, we demonstrate that the UPR sensor IRE1 controls the expression of the DR CD95/Fas, and its cell death-inducing ability. Both genetic and pharmacologic blunting of IRE1 activity increased CD95 expression and exacerbated CD95L-induced cell death in glioblastoma (GB) and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell lines. In accordance, CD95 mRNA was identified as a target of Regulated IRE1-Dependent Decay of RNA (RIDD). Whilst CD95 expression is elevated in TNBC and GB human tumours exhibiting low RIDD activity, it is surprisingly lower in XBP1s-low human tumour samples. We show that IRE1 RNase inhibition limited CD95 expression and reduced CD95-mediated hepatic toxicity in mice. In addition, overexpression of XBP1s increased CD95 expression and sensitized GB and TNBC cells to CD95L-induced cell death. Overall, these results demonstrate the tight IRE1-mediated control of CD95-dependent cell death in a dual manner through both RIDD and XBP1s, and they identify a novel link between IRE1 and CD95 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pelizzari-Raymundo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Victoria Maltret
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Nivet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Raphael Pineau
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandra Papaioannou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Flavie Caradec
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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Gao C, Jia K, Fang J, Zhu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Jiang J, Yu X, Wang D, Gu H, Chen Z. CD95 promotes stemness of colorectal cancer cells by lncRNA MALAT1. Life Sci 2024; 338:122394. [PMID: 38159593 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most fatal cancer. Many studies have shown that cancer stemness contributes to resistance to conventional chemotherapy and poor prognosis. However, the mechanisms involved in maintaining cancer stemness in CRC are still obscure and few clinical drugs were used to target cancer stemness. Previous studies had reported CD95 increases the stemness of cancer cells with long-term stimulation of exogenous agonist CD95 ligand (CD95L). However, the expression of CD95L is relative low in certain human tumor tissues. In this study, we found that CD95 was highly expressed in CRC cells, and in vitro it promoted the tumorsphere formation, chemotherapy resistance and in vivo tumor growth without stimulation of exogenous CD95L. Mechanistically, the bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing results suggested that CD95 promotes stemness of CRC cells through upregulation of long non-coding RNAs metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA MALAT1). MALAT1 knockdown inhibited CD95-induced tumorsphere formation and chemotherapy resistance. In summary, our findings reveal that CD95 has the capability to modulate cancer stemness via the action of the lncRNA MALAT1. Targeting CD95 may be a promising strategy to inhibit cancer stemness in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiuyan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danting Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haochen Gu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery (Surgical Oncology), Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Centre, Zhejiang University, China Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Galat Y, Du Y, Perepitchka M, Li XN, Balyasnikova IV, Tse WT, Dambaeva S, Schneiderman S, Iannaccone PM, Becher O, Graham DK, Galat V. In vitro vascular differentiation system efficiently produces natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2240670. [PMID: 37720687 PMCID: PMC10501168 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2240670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapeutic innovation is crucial for limited operability tumors. CAR T-cell therapy displayed reduced efficiency against glioblastoma (GBM), likely due to mutations underlying disease progression. Natural Killer cells (NKs) detect cancer cells despite said mutations - demonstrating increased tumor elimination potential. We developed an NK differentiation system using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Via this system, genetic modifications targeting cancer treatment challenges can be introduced during pluripotency - enabling unlimited production of modified "off-the-shelf" hPSC-NKs. Methods hPSCs were differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and NKs using our novel organoid system. These cells were characterized using flow cytometric and bioinformatic analyses. HPC engraftment potential was assessed using NSG mice. NK cytotoxicity was validated using in vitro and in vitro K562 assays and further corroborated on lymphoma, diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), and GBM cell lines in vitro. Results HPCs demonstrated engraftment in peripheral blood samples, and hPSC-NKs showcased morphology and functionality akin to same donor peripheral blood NKs (PB-NKs). The hPSC-NKs also displayed potential advantages regarding checkpoint inhibitor and metabolic gene expression, and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity against various cancers. Conclusions Our organoid system, designed to replicate in vivo cellular organization (including signaling gradients and shear stress conditions), offers a suitable environment for HPC and NK generation. The engraftable nature of HPCs and potent NK cytotoxicity against leukemia, lymphoma, DIPG, and GBM highlight the potential of this innovative system to serve as a valuable tool that will benefit cancer treatment and research - improving patient survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekaterina Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuchen Du
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariana Perepitchka
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William T Tse
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Svetlana Dambaeva
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip M Iannaccone
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Oren Becher
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasiliy Galat
- Developmental Biology Program, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
- ARTEC Biotech Inc, Chicago, IL, USA
- Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lin S, Li K, Qi L. Cancer stem cells in brain tumors: From origin to clinical implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e341. [PMID: 37576862 PMCID: PMC10412776 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are highly heterogeneous tumors with a poor prognosis and a high morbidity and mortality rate in both children and adults. The cancer stem cell (CSC, also named tumor-initiating cell) model states that tumor growth is driven by a subset of CSCs. This model explains some of the clinical observations of brain tumors, including the almost unavoidable tumor recurrence after initial successful chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and treatment resistance. Over the past two decades, strategies for the identification and characterization of brain CSCs have improved significantly, supporting the design of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Relevant studies have unveiled novel characteristics of CSCs in the brain, including their heterogeneity and distinctive immunobiology, which have provided opportunities for new research directions and potential therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CSCs markers and stemness regulators in brain tumors. We also comprehensively describe the influence of the CSCs niche and tumor microenvironment on brain tumor stemness, including interactions between CSCs and the immune system, and discuss the potential application of CSCs in brain-based therapies for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Lin
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanGuangdongChina
| | - Kaishu Li
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanGuangdongChina
| | - Ling Qi
- Institute of Digestive DiseaseThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanGuangdongChina
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Kumari S, Kumar S, Muthuswamy S. RNA N6-methyladenosine modification in regulating cancer stem cells and tumor immune microenvironment and its implication for cancer therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1621-1633. [PMID: 35796777 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a well-known phenomenon in cancer treatment. It can be intrinsic or acquired, accountable for frequent tumor relapse and death worldwide. The interplay between cancer cells and their neighboring environment can activate complex signaling mechanisms influencing epigenetic changes and maintain cancer cell survival leading to the malignant phenotype. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and constitute the primary source of drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Studies have shown that cancer cells exhibit dysregulated RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) "writers," "erasers," and "readers" levels after acquiring drug resistance. The present review provides novel insight into the role of m6A modifiers involved in CSC generation, cancer cell proliferation, and therapy resistance. m6A RNA modifications in the cross-talk between CSC and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have also been highlighted. Further, we have discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting m6A machinery for cancer diagnosis and the development of new therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadra Kumari
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
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8
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TRUONG NC, HUYNH NT, PHAM KD, PHAM PV. Roles of cancer stem cells in cancer immune surveillance. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.23.02944-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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9
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Haluck-Kangas A, Peter ME. CD95/Fas ligand induced toxicity. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:21-29. [PMID: 36629505 PMCID: PMC10149114 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The role of CD95/Fas ligand (CD95L/FasL) in the induction of CD95-mediated extrinsic apoptosis is well characterized. Trimerized, membrane-bound CD95L ligates the CD95 receptor activating downstream signaling resulting in the execution of cells by caspase proteins. However, the expression of CD95L has been reported to induce cell death in contexts in which this pathway is unlikely to be activated, such as in cell autonomous activation induced cell death (AICD) and in CD95-resistant cancer cell lines. Recent data suggests that the CD95L mRNA exerts toxicity through death induced by survival gene elimination (DISE). DISE results from the targeting of networks of survival genes by toxic short RNA (sRNA)s in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). CD95L mRNA contributes to this death directly, through the processing of its mRNA into toxic sRNAs that are loaded into the RISC, and indirectly, by promoting the loading of other toxic sRNAs. Interestingly, CD95L is not the only mRNA that is processed and loaded into the RISC. Protein-coding mRNAs involved in protein translation are also selectively loaded. We propose a model in which networks of mRNA-derived sRNAs modulate DISE, with networks of genes providing non-toxic RISC substrate sRNAs that protect against DISE, and opposing networks of stress-activated genes that produce toxic RISC substrate sRNAs that promote DISE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Haluck-Kangas
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Marcus E. Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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10
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Zhang G, Xu X, Zhu L, Li S, Chen R, Lv N, Li Z, Wang J, Li Q, Zhou W, Yang P, Liu J. A Novel Molecular Classification Method for Glioblastoma Based on Tumor Cell Differentiation Trajectories. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2826815. [PMID: 37964983 PMCID: PMC10643041 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2826815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest 2021 WHO classification redefines glioblastoma (GBM) as the hierarchical reporting standard by eliminating glioblastoma, IDH-mutant and only retaining the tumor entity of "glioblastoma, IDH-wild type." Knowing that subclassification of tumors based on molecular features is supposed to facilitate the therapeutic choice and increase the response rate in cancer patients, it is necessary to carry out molecular classification of the newly defined GBM. Although differentiation trajectory inference based on single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) data holds great promise for identifying cell heterogeneity, it has not been used in the study of GBM molecular classification. Single-cell transcriptome sequencing data from 10 GBM samples were used to identify molecular classification based on differentiation trajectories. The expressions of identified features were validated by public bulk RNA-sequencing data. Clinical feasibility of the classification system was examined in tissue samples by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and immunofluorescence, and their clinical significance was investigated in public cohorts and clinical samples with complete clinical follow-up information. By analyzing scRNA-seq data of 10 GBM samples, four differentiation trajectories from the glioblastoma stem cell-like (GSCL) cluster were identified, based on which malignant cells were classified into five characteristic subclusters. Each cluster exhibited different potential drug sensitivities, pathways, functions, and transcriptional modules. The classification model was further examined in TCGA and CGGA datasets. According to the different abundance of five characteristic cell clusters, the patients were classified into five groups which we named Ac-G, Class-G, Neo-G, Opc-G, and Undiff-G groups. It was found that the Undiff-G group exhibited the worst overall survival (OS) in both TCGA and CGGA cohorts. In addition, the classification model was verified by IHC staining in 137 GBM samples to further clarify the difference in OS between the five groups. Furthermore, the novel biomarkers of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) were also described. In summary, we identified five classifications of GBM and found that they exhibited distinct drug sensitivities and different prognoses, suggesting that the new grouping system may be able to provide important prognostic information and have certain guiding significance for the treatment of GBM, and identified the GSCL cluster in GBM tissues and described its characteristic program, which may help develop new potential therapeutic targets for GSCs in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghao Zhang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Luojiang Zhu
- Neurosurgery Department, 922th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, China
| | - Sisi Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rundong Chen
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zifu Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wang Zhou
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Neurovascular Center, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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11
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Abou Shousha S, Baheeg S, Ghoneim H, Zoheir M, Hemida M, Shahine Y. The effect of Fas/FasL pathway blocking on apoptosis and stemness within breast cancer tumor microenvironment (preclinical study). Breast Dis 2023; 42:163-176. [PMID: 37334575 DOI: 10.3233/bd-220077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of the immune system is the tumor's key strategy for its maintenance and progression. Thus, targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) is considered one of the most promising approaches for fighting cancer, where immune cells within the TME play a vital role in immune surveillance and cancer elimination.FasL is one of the most important death ligands expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and plays a vital role in eliminating Fas-expressing cancer cells via Fas/FasL pathway-induced apoptosis. However, tumor cells can express elevated levels of FasL inducing apoptosis to TILs. Fas/FasL expression is linked to the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the TME, contributing to tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, recurrence, and chemoresistance.This study is considered the first study designed to block the overexpressed FasL on the tumor cells within TME mimicking tissue culture system using rFas molecules and supplementing the Fas enriched tissue culture system with blocked Fas - peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs (using anti-Fas mAb) to protect them from tumor counterattack and augment their ability to induce tumor cell apoptosis and stemness inhibition.A significantly increased level of apoptosis and decreased expression of CD 44 (CSCs marker) was observed within the east tumor tissue culture system enriched with Fas molecules and anti-Fas treated PBMCs and the one enriched with Fas molecules only compared to the breast tumor tissues cultured alone (p < 0.001). Accordingly, we can consider the current study as a promising proposed immunotherapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham Abou Shousha
- Medical Research Institute, Immunology and Allergy Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Suzan Baheeg
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Central Laboratories Unit, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hossam Ghoneim
- Medical Research Institute, Immunology and Allergy Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Malak Zoheir
- Medical Research Institute, Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hemida
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Surgery, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Shahine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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12
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Quijano-Rubio C, Silginer M, Weller M. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated abrogation of CD95L/CD95 signaling-induced glioma cell growth and immunosuppression increases survival in murine glioma models. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:299-310. [PMID: 36355258 PMCID: PMC9722998 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma is the most common brain tumor in adults and is virtually incurable. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Over the last decade, multiple growth-promoting functions have been attributed to CD95, a prototypic death receptor well characterized as an apoptosis mediator upon CD95L engagement. Strategic targeting of non-apoptotic or apoptotic CD95 signaling may hold anti-glioblastoma potential. Due to its antithetic nature, understanding the constitutive role of CD95 signaling in glioblastoma is indispensable. METHODS We abrogated constitutive Cd95 and Cd95l gene expression by CRISPR/Cas9 in murine glioma models and characterized the consequences of gene deletion in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Expression of canonical CD95 but not CD95L was identified in mouse glioma cells in vitro. Instead, a soluble isoform-encoding non-canonical Cd95l transcript variant was detected. In vivo, an upregulation of the membrane-bound canonical CD95L form was revealed. Cd95 or Cd95l gene deletion decreased cell growth in vitro. The growth-supporting role of constitutive CD95 signaling was validated by Cd95 re-transfection, which rescued growth. In vivo, Cd95 or Cd95l gene deletion prolonged survival involving tumor-intrinsic and immunological mechanisms in the SMA-497 model. In the GL-261 model, that expresses no CD95, only CD95L gene deletion prolonged survival, involving a tumor-intrinsic mechanism. CONCLUSION Non-canonical CD95L/CD95 interactions are growth-promoting in murine glioma models, and glioma growth and immunosuppression may be simultaneously counteracted by Cd95l gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Quijano-Rubio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Jinesh GG, Brohl AS. Classical epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and alternative cell death process-driven blebbishield metastatic-witch (BMW) pathways to cancer metastasis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:296. [PMID: 35999218 PMCID: PMC9399134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a pivotal event that accelerates the prognosis of cancer patients towards mortality. Therapies that aim to induce cell death in metastatic cells require a more detailed understanding of the metastasis for better mitigation. Towards this goal, we discuss the details of two distinct but overlapping pathways of metastasis: a classical reversible epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (hybrid-EMT)-driven transport pathway and an alternative cell death process-driven blebbishield metastatic-witch (BMW) transport pathway involving reversible cell death process. The knowledge about the EMT and BMW pathways is important for the therapy of metastatic cancers as these pathways confer drug resistance coupled to immune evasion/suppression. We initially discuss the EMT pathway and compare it with the BMW pathway in the contexts of coordinated oncogenic, metabolic, immunologic, and cell biological events that drive metastasis. In particular, we discuss how the cell death environment involving apoptosis, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis in BMW or EMT pathways recruits immune cells, fuses with it, migrates, permeabilizes vasculature, and settles at distant sites to establish metastasis. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic targets that are common to both EMT and BMW pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodwin G Jinesh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA. .,Sarcoma Department, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA.
| | - Andrew S Brohl
- Department of Molecular Oncology, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA. .,Sarcoma Department, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA.
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14
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CD95 gene deletion may reduce clonogenic growth and invasiveness of human glioblastoma cells in a CD95 ligand-independent manner. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:341. [PMID: 35906203 PMCID: PMC9338300 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (Fas/APO-1) is a multifunctional cell surface receptor with antithetic roles. First described to mediate cell death, interactions of CD95 with its natural ligand, CD95L, have also been described to induce tumor-promoting signaling leading to proliferation, invasion and stem cell maintenance, mainly in cancer cells that are resistant to CD95-mediated apoptosis. While activation of CD95-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells may not be clinically practicable due to toxicity, inhibition of tumor-promoting CD95 signaling holds therapeutic potential. In the present study, we characterized CD95 and CD95L expression in human glioma-initiating cells (GIC), a glioblastoma cell population with stem cell features, and investigated the consequences of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated CD95 or CD95L gene deletion. In vitro, GIC expressed CD95 but not CD95L and were sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis. Upon genetic deletion of CD95, GIC acquired resistance to CD95L-induced apoptosis but exhibited inferior clonogenic growth, sphere-forming capacity, and invasiveness compared with control cells, suggesting the existence of CD95L-independent constitutive CD95 signaling with tumor-promoting properties in GIC. In vivo, GIC expressed CD95 and a non-canonical form of CD95L lacking the CD95-binding region. CD95 genetic deletion did not prolong survival in immunocompromised GIC-bearing mice. Altogether, these data indicate that canonical CD95L may not be expressed in human GIC and suggest the existence of a CD95L-independent CD95-signaling pathway that maintains some malignancy traits of GIC. The lack of altered survival of tumor-bearing mice after genetic deletion of CD95 suggests that CD95 signaling is not essential to maintain the growth of human GIC xenografted into the brains of nude mice. The ligand-independent tumor-promoting role of constitutive CD95 in our GIC models in vitro highlights the complexity and challenges associated with targeting CD95 with therapeutic intent.
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15
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Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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16
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Risso V, Lafont E, Le Gallo M. Therapeutic approaches targeting CD95L/CD95 signaling in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:248. [PMID: 35301281 PMCID: PMC8931059 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell death plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Key players in the controlled induction of cell death are the Death Receptors (DR). CD95 is a prototypic DR activated by its cognate ligand CD95L triggering programmed cell death. As a consequence, alterations in the CD95/CD95L pathway have been involved in several disease conditions ranging from autoimmune diseases to inflammation and cancer. CD95L-induced cell death has multiple roles in the immune response since it constitutes one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic lymphocytes kill their targets, but it is also involved in the process of turning off the immune response. Furthermore, beyond the canonical pro-death signals, CD95L, which can be membrane-bound or soluble, also induces non-apoptotic signaling that contributes to its tumor-promoting and pro-inflammatory roles. The intent of this review is to describe the role of CD95/CD95L in the pathophysiology of cancers, autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation and to discuss recently patented and emerging therapeutic strategies that exploit/block the CD95/CD95L system in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Risso
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Elodie Lafont
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Matthieu Le Gallo
- INSERM U1242, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling, University of Rennes, Rennes, France.
- Centre de lutte contre le cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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FAS receptor regulates NOTCH activity through ERK-JAG1 axis activation and controls oral cancer stemness ability and pulmonary metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:101. [PMID: 35249111 PMCID: PMC8898312 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPulmonary metastasis occurring via the colonization of circulating cancer stem cells is a major cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-related death. Thus, understanding the mechanism of OSCC pulmonary metastasis may provide a new opportunity for OSCC treatment. FAS, a well-known apoptosis-inducing death receptor, has multiple nonapoptotic, protumorigenic functions. Previously, we found that SAS OSCC cells with FAS receptor knockout did not affect orthotopic tumor growth or cervical lymph node metastasis. However, FAS knockout cells could not colonize in distant organs to form metastases upon intravenous injection, which hinted at the cancer stemness function of the FAS receptor. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that the FAS receptor serves as a poor prognosis marker in OSCC patients. FAS knockout inhibited in vitro cancer spheroid formation, migration and invasion, and prevented mesenchymal transition in OSCC cells and inhibited OSCC pulmonary metastasis in vivo. To determine the regulatory mechanism by which the FAS receptor exerts its oncogenic function, we utilized cDNA microarrays and phosphoprotein arrays to discover key candidate genes and signaling pathway regulators. JAG1 expression and NOTCH pathway activation were controlled by the FAS receptor through ERK phosphorylation. Both JAG1 and NOTCH1 silencing decreased in vitro cancer spheroid formation. In OSCC cells, FAS ligand or JAG1 protein treatment increased NOTCH pathway activity, which could be abolished by FAS receptor knockout. In FAS knockout cells, restoring the NOTCH1 intracellular domain stimulated cancer spheroid formation. Both JAG1 and NOTCH1 silencing decreased in vivo OSCC growth. In conclusion, we found a novel FAS-ERK-JAG1-NOTCH1 axis that may contribute to OSCC stemness and pulmonary metastasis.
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18
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Qadir AS, Guégan JP, Ginestier C, Chaibi A, Bessede A, Charafe-Jauffret E, Macario M, Lavoué V, Rouge TDLM, Law C, Vilker J, Wang H, Stroup E, Schipma MJ, Bridgeman B, Murmann AE, Ji Z, Legembre P, Peter ME. CD95/Fas protects triple negative breast cancer from anti-tumor activity of NK cells. iScience 2021; 24:103348. [PMID: 34816102 PMCID: PMC8593563 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptosis inducing receptor CD95/Fas has multiple tumorigenic activities. In different genetically engineered mouse models tumor-expressed CD95 was shown to be critical for cell growth. Using a combination of immune-deficient and immune-competent mouse models, we now establish that loss of CD95 in metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells prevents tumor growth by modulating the immune landscape. CD95-deficient, but not wild-type, tumors barely grow in an immune-competent environment and show an increase in immune infiltrates into the tumor. This growth reduction is caused by infiltrating NK cells and does not involve T cells or macrophages. In contrast, in immune compromised mice CD95 k.o. cells are not growth inhibited, but they fail to form metastases. In summary, we demonstrate that in addition to its tumor and metastasis promoting activities, CD95 expression by tumor cells can exert immune suppressive activities on NK cells, providing a new target for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S. Qadir
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | - Christophe Ginestier
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Assia Chaibi
- Explicyte, Cours de l’Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alban Bessede
- Explicyte, Cours de l’Argonne, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Manon Macario
- CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Equipe labellisée LIGUE contre le cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Lavoué
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Calvin Law
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jacob Vilker
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Emily Stroup
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew J. Schipma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Bryan Bridgeman
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea E. Murmann
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Marcus E. Peter
- Division Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Soluble CD95L in cancers and chronic inflammatory disorders, a new therapeutic target? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188596. [PMID: 34324950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although CD95L (also known as FasL) is still predominantly considered as a death ligand that induces apoptosis in infected and transformed cells, substantial evidence indicate that it can also trigger non-apoptotic signaling pathways whose pathophysiological roles remain to be fully elucidated. The transmembrane ligand CD95L belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. After cleavage by metalloprotease, its soluble form (s-CD95L) fails to trigger the apoptotic program but instead induces signaling pathways promoting the aggressiveness of certain inflammatory disorders such as autoimmune diseases and cancers. We propose to evaluate the various pathologies in which the metalloprotease-cleaved CD95L is accumulated and analyze whether this soluble ligand may play a significant role in the pathology progression. Based on the TNFα-targeting therapeutics, we envision that targeting the soluble form of CD95L may represent a very attractive therapeutic option in the pathologies depicted herein.
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Comparing Tumor Cell Invasion and Myeloid Cell Composition in Compatible Primary and Relapsing Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143636. [PMID: 34298846 PMCID: PMC8303884 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We established a new minimally invasive mouse model for GBM relapse. For this, we utilized orthotopical implantation of HSVTK-transduced GBM cells and pharmacological treatment with GCV. In addition, we implanted patient-derived GBM cells of primary or recurrent tumors. We found that recurrent GBM were more aggressively invasive than primary GBM. Moreover, the recurring tumors had a higher ratio of monocyte-derived macrophages among the entire population of tumor associated myeloid cells. This shift in the composition of tumor-associated immune cells appeared to be independent from cell-death signaling or surgical intervention. This model provides the means to investigate the entire process of tumor relapse and test standard as well as experimental therapeutic strategies for relapsing GBM under defined conditions. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence after treatment is almost inevitable but addressing this issue with adequate preclinical models has remained challenging. Here, we introduce a GBM mouse model allowing non-invasive and scalable de-bulking of a tumor mass located deeply in the brain, which can be combined with conventional therapeutic approaches. Strong reduction of the GBM volume is achieved after pharmacologically inducing a tumor-specific cell death mechanism. This is followed by GBM re-growth over a predictable timeframe. Pharmacological de-bulking followed by tumor relapse was accomplished with an orthotopic mouse glioma model. Relapsing experimental tumors recapitulated pathological features often observed in recurrent human GBM, like increased invasiveness or altered immune cell composition. Orthotopic implantation of GBM cells originating from biopsies of one patient at initial or follow-up treatment reproduced these findings. Interestingly, relapsing GBM of both models contained a much higher ratio of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) versus microglia than primary GBM. This was not altered when combining pharmacological de-bulking with invasive surgery. We interpret that factors released from viable primary GBM cells preferentially attract microglia whereas relapsing tumors preponderantly release chemoattractants for MDM. All in all, this relapse model has the capacity to provide novel insights into clinically highly relevant aspects of GBM treatment.
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21
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Grunewald L, Lam T, Andersch L, Klaus A, Schwiebert S, Winkler A, Gauert A, Heeren-Hagemann AI, Astrahantseff K, Klironomos F, Thomas A, Deubzer HE, Henssen AG, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Anders K, Kloke L, Künkele A. A Reproducible Bioprinted 3D Tumor Model Serves as a Preselection Tool for CAR T Cell Therapy Optimization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689697. [PMID: 34267756 PMCID: PMC8276678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell performance against solid tumors in mouse models and clinical trials is often less effective than predicted by CAR construct selection in two-dimensional (2D) cocultures. Three-dimensional (3D) solid tumor architecture is likely to be crucial for CAR T cell efficacy. We used a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting approach for large-scale generation of highly reproducible 3D human tumor models for the test case, neuroblastoma, and compared these to 2D cocultures for evaluation of CAR T cells targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule, L1CAM. CAR T cells infiltrated the model, and both CAR T and tumor cells were viable for long-term experiments and could be isolated as single-cell suspensions for whole-cell assays quantifying CAR T cell activation, effector function and tumor cell cytotoxicity. L1CAM-specific CAR T cell activation by neuroblastoma cells was stronger in the 3D model than in 2D cocultures, but neuroblastoma cell lysis was lower. The bioprinted 3D neuroblastoma model is highly reproducible and allows detection and quantification of CAR T cell tumor infiltration, representing a superior in vitro analysis tool for preclinical CAR T cell characterization likely to better select CAR T cells for in vivo performance than 2D cocultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grunewald
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Lam
- Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cellbricks GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Andersch
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Klaus
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Schwiebert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Winkler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Gauert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja I Heeren-Hagemann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathy Astrahantseff
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippos Klironomos
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cellbricks GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hedwig E Deubzer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,Neuroblastoma Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the Charité and the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anton G Henssen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Cellbricks GmbH Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Zhang Y, Shao X, Gao C, Xu D, Wu J, Zhu X, Chen Z. High FAS expression correlates with a better prognosis and efficacy of taxanes and target regents in breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 32:207-219. [PMID: 34092611 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAS can serve as both an oncogene and a suppresser in different malignancies, and the prognostic value of FAS remains controversial. METHODS The Oncomine database, KM-Plotter and bc-GenExMiner platform were adopted to analyze the prognostic value of FAS in breast cancer. Breast cancer tissue microarrays were further used to verify these data. The Cell Miner Tool was used to predict the value of FAS mRNA expression in predicting the efficacies of clinical drugs. RESULTS We found that both FAS mRNA and protein expression level significantly reduced in breast carcinoma. In addition, high FAS expression indicates a better metastatic relapse-free survival. Interestingly, FAS was associated with a better prognosis in different subtypes of breast cancer patients, namely, only in grade II and III, lymph nodal positive or p53 wild-type patients. The data from the Cell Miner Tool revealed that FAS mRNA expression was correlated with the efficacy of the first-line chemotherapeutic taxane agents and target drugs including olaparib and everolimus. CONCLUSIONS FAS expression correlates with a better prognosis in breast cancer and may provide an effective clinical strategy to predict the sensitivity of taxanes and targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenyi Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, National Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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23
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Cruz Da Silva E, Mercier MC, Etienne-Selloum N, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 33918704 PMCID: PMC8069979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapies in phases II-IV of 257 clinical trials on adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBMs for the last twenty years. It does not involve targeted immunotherapies and therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism, that are well documented in other reviews. Without surprise, the most frequently reported drugs are those targeting (i) EGFR (40 clinical trials), and more generally tyrosine kinase receptors (85 clinical trials) and (ii) VEGF/VEGFR (75 clinical trials of which 53 involving bevacizumab). But many other targets and drugs are of interest. They are all listed and thoroughly described, on an one-on-one basis, in four sections related to targeting (i) GBM stem cells and stem cell pathways, (ii) the growth autonomy and migration, (iii) the cell cycle and the escape to cell death, (iv) and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
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24
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Richards DM, Merz C, Gieffers C, Krendyukov A. CD95L and Anti-Tumor Immune Response: Current Understanding and New Evidence. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2477-2482. [PMID: 33758545 PMCID: PMC7981134 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s297499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of FasL/CD95L to induce apoptosis in various Fas/CD95-expressing cells has been described in the context of hematopoiesis or thymic elimination of self-reactive T cells and resolution of an acute immune response under physiological conditions. At the same time, non-apoptotic CD95 activation is widely described in cancer and shown to stimulate invasiveness of cancer cells, promote cancer progression as well as stemness of cancer cells. This paper puts emphasis on the evolving understanding of expression and the non-apoptotic activities of the CD95/CD95L signaling pathway on the function of tumor cells, tumor microenvironment and immune cells. The emerging evidence to support the role of CD95/CD95L signaling in the anti-tumor immune response will be presented in the context of various malignancies and the modalities of potential therapeutic interventions via selective CD95L inhibition in combination with traditional interventions such as RT, chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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25
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Kälin RE, Cai L, Li Y, Zhao D, Zhang H, Cheng J, Zhang W, Wu Y, Eisenhut K, Janssen P, Schmitt L, Enard W, Michels F, Flüh C, Hou M, Kirchleitner SV, Siller S, Schiemann M, Andrä I, Montanez E, Giachino C, Taylor V, Synowitz M, Tonn JC, von Baumgarten L, Schulz C, Hellmann I, Glass R. TAMEP are brain tumor parenchymal cells controlling neoplastic angiogenesis and progression. Cell Syst 2021; 12:248-262.e7. [PMID: 33592194 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive brain tumors like glioblastoma depend on support by their local environment and subsets of tumor parenchymal cells may promote specific phases of disease progression. We investigated the glioblastoma microenvironment with transgenic lineage-tracing models, intravital imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, immunofluorescence analysis as well as histopathology and characterized a previously unacknowledged population of tumor-associated cells with a myeloid-like expression profile (TAMEP) that transiently appeared during glioblastoma growth. TAMEP of mice and humans were identified with specific markers. Notably, TAMEP did not derive from microglia or peripheral monocytes but were generated by a fraction of CNS-resident, SOX2-positive progenitors. Abrogation of this progenitor cell population, by conditional Sox2-knockout, drastically reduced glioblastoma vascularization and size. Hence, TAMEP emerge as a tumor parenchymal component with a strong impact on glioblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Linzhi Cai
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yuping Li
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Huabin Zhang
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jiying Cheng
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Yingxi Wu
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenhut
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Janssen
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukas Schmitt
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Friederike Michels
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mengzhuo Hou
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Siller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Eloi Montanez
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Claudio Giachino
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louisa von Baumgarten
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Hellmann
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Department Biology II, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Meneceur S, Linge A, Meinhardt M, Hering S, Löck S, Bütof R, Krex D, Schackert G, Temme A, Baumann M, Krause M, von Neubeck C. Establishment and Characterisation of Heterotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040871. [PMID: 32260145 PMCID: PMC7226316 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain tumour with a patient median survival of approximately 14 months. The development of innovative treatment strategies to increase the life span and quality of life of patients is hence essential. This requires the use of appropriate glioblastoma models for preclinical testing, which faithfully reflect human cancers. The aim of this study was to establish glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by heterotopic transplantation of tumour pieces in the axillae of NMRI nude mice. Ten out of 22 patients' samples gave rise to tumours in mice. Their human origin was confirmed by microsatellite analyses, though minor changes were observed. The glioblastoma nature of the PDXs was corroborated by pathological evaluation. Latency times spanned from 48.5 to 370.5 days in the first generation. Growth curve analyses revealed an increase in the growth rate with increasing passages. The methylation status of the MGMT promoter in the primary material was maintained in the PDXs. However, a trend towards a more methylated pattern could be found. A correlation was observed between the take in mice and the proportion of Sox2+ cells (r = 0.49, p = 0.016) and nestin+ cells (r = 0.55, p = 0.007). Our results show that many PDXs maintain key features of the patients' samples they derive from. They could thus be used as preclinical models to test new therapies and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Meneceur
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Annett Linge
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Meinhardt
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Sandra Hering
- Institute for Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Bütof
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krex
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Gabriele Schackert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Achim Temme
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology–OncoRay, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumour Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- OncoRay–National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz- Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (A.L.); (S.L.); (R.B.); (M.B.); (M.K.); (C.v.N.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (G.S.); (A.T.)
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
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27
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Meel MH, de Gooijer MC, Metselaar DS, Sewing ACP, Zwaan K, Waranecki P, Breur M, Buil LCM, Lagerweij T, Wedekind LE, Twisk JWR, Koster J, Hashizume R, Raabe EH, Montero Carcaboso Á, Bugiani M, Phoenix TN, van Tellingen O, van Vuurden DG, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Combined Therapy of AXL and HDAC Inhibition Reverses Mesenchymal Transition in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3319-3332. [PMID: 32165429 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-3538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable type of pediatric brain cancer, which in the majority of cases is driven by mutations in genes encoding histone 3 (H3K27M). We here determined the preclinical therapeutic potential of combined AXL and HDAC inhibition in these tumors to reverse their mesenchymal, therapy-resistant, phenotype. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used public databases and patient-derived DIPG cells to identify putative drivers of the mesenchymal transition in these tumors. Patient-derived neurospheres, xenografts, and allografts were used to determine the therapeutic potential of combined AXL/HDAC inhibition for the treatment of DIPG. RESULTS We identified AXL as a therapeutic target and regulator of the mesenchymal transition in DIPG. Combined AXL and HDAC inhibition had a synergistic and selective antitumor effect on H3K27M DIPG cells. Treatment of DIPG cells with the AXL inhibitor BGB324 and the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat resulted in a decreased expression of mesenchymal and stem cell genes. Moreover, this combination treatment decreased expression of DNA damage repair genes in DIPG cells, strongly sensitizing them to radiation. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that BGB324, like panobinostat, crosses the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, treatment of patient-derived DIPG xenograft and murine DIPG allograft-bearing mice with BGB324 and panobinostat resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect and prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS Combined inhibition of AXL and HDACs in DIPG cells results in a synergistic antitumor effect by reversing their mesenchymal, stem cell-like, therapy-resistant phenotype. As such, this treatment combination may serve as part of a future multimodal therapeutic strategy for DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël H Meel
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis S Metselaar
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A Charlotte P Sewing
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kenn Zwaan
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piotr Waranecki
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Breur
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Levi C M Buil
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonny Lagerweij
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurine E Wedekind
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ángel Montero Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Timothy N Phoenix
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati/Research in Patient Services, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology/Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dannis G van Vuurden
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Zhang G, Feng W, Wu J. Down-regulation of SEPT9 inhibits glioma progression through suppressing TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 125:109768. [PMID: 32106387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma is a highly aggressive cancer, known as one of the most dangerous types of primary brain tumor occurring in the central nervous system (CNS). Septin 9 (SEPT9) has been involved in tumor growth. However, its exact roles in regulating glioma development have not been fully understood. In the present study, we found that SEPT9 expression levels were markedly up-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. High expression of SEPT9 predicted a poor overall survival in patients with glioma. SEPT9 knockdown significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. Moreover, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, including N-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), Vimentin and Twist, were significantly reduced by SEPT9 knockdown; however, the expression of E-cadherin was elevated by SEPT9 silence. This EMT process in glioma cells was dependent on the expression transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. In addition, the clinical analysis suggested that SEPT9 gene expression had a positive correlation with TGF-β1 in patients with primary glioma at different grades. Furthermore, knockdown of SEPT9 significantly reduced the glioma progression in vivo. The anti-metastasis regulated by the knockdown of SEPT9 was further confirmed in mouse model, as evidenced by the reduced number of lung metastatic nodules. Our results supported that reducing SEPT9 expression could inhibit glioma progression through the suppression of EMT induced by TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Wu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061000, China
| | - Jingkun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Hebei, 056002, China.
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29
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The mechanism of how CD95/Fas activates the Type I IFN/STAT1 axis, driving cancer stemness in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1310. [PMID: 31992798 PMCID: PMC6987111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD95/Fas is an apoptosis inducing death receptor. However, it also has multiple nonapoptotic activities that are tumorigenic. Chronic stimulation of CD95 on breast cancer cells can increase their cancer initiating capacity through activation of a type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 pathway when caspases are inhibited. We now show that this activity relies on the canonical components of the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex, FADD and caspase-8, and on the activation of NF-κB. We identified caspase-2 as the antagonistic caspase that downregulates IFN-I production. Once produced, IFN-Is bind to their receptors activating both STAT1 and STAT2 resulting in upregulation of the double stranded (ds)RNA sensor proteins RIG-I and MDA5, and a release of a subset of endogenous retroviruses. Thus, CD95 is part of a complex cell autonomous regulatory network that involves activation of innate immune components that drive cancer stemness and contribute to therapy resistance.
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30
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Cai L, Kirchleitner SV, Zhao D, Li M, Tonn JC, Glass R, Kälin RE. Glioblastoma Exhibits Inter-Individual Heterogeneity of TSPO and LAT1 Expression in Neoplastic and Parenchymal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020612. [PMID: 31963507 PMCID: PMC7013601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning for glioblastoma patients. Positron emission tomography (PET) with tracers for the detection of the solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5; also known as the amino acid transporter light chain L system, LAT1) and for the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO) is successfully used to provide additional information on tumor volume and prognosis. The current approaches for TSPO-PET and the visualization of tracer ([18F] Fluoroethyltyrosine, FET) uptake by LAT1 (FET-PET) do not yet exploit the full diagnostic potential of these molecular imaging techniques. Therefore, we investigated the expression of TSPO and LAT1 in patient glioblastoma (GBM) samples, as well as in various GBM mouse models representing patient GBMs of different genetic subtypes. By immunohistochemistry, we found that TSPO and LAT1 are upregulated in human GBM samples compared to normal brain tissue. Next, we orthotopically implanted patient-derived GBM cells, as well as genetically engineered murine GBM cells, representing different genetic subtypes of the disease. To determine TSPO and LAT1 expression, we performed immunofluorescence staining. We found that both TSPO and LAT1 expression was increased in tumor regions of the implanted human or murine GBM cells when compared to the neighboring mouse brain tissue. While LAT1 was largely restricted to tumor cells, we found that TSPO was also expressed by microglia, tumor-associated macrophages, endothelial cells, and pericytes. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-data analysis corroborates the upregulation of TSPO in a bigger cohort of GBM patient samples compared to tumor-free brain tissue. In addition, AIF1 (the gene encoding for the myeloid cell marker Iba1) was also upregulated in GBM compared to the control. Interestingly, TSPO, as well as AIF1, showed significantly different expression levels depending on the GBM genetic subtype, with the highest expression being exhibited in the mesenchymal subtype. High TSPO and AIF1 expression also correlated with a significant decrease in patient survival compared to low expression. In line with this finding, the expression levels for TSPO and AIF1 were also significantly higher in (isocitrate-dehydrogenase wild-type) IDHWT compared to IDH mutant (IDHMUT) GBM. LAT1 expression, on the other hand, was not different among the individual GBM subtypes. Therefore, we could conclude that FET- and TSPO-PET confer different information on pathological features based on different genetic GBM subtypes and may thus help in planning individualized strategies for brain tumor therapy in the future. A combination of TSPO-PET and FET-PET could be a promising way to visualize tumor-associated myeloid cells and select patients for treatment strategies targeting the myeloid compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhi Cai
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
| | - Sabrina V. Kirchleitner
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
| | - Min Li
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Roland E. Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany (S.V.K.)
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Gülcüler Balta GS, Monzel C, Kleber S, Beaudouin J, Balta E, Kaindl T, Chen S, Gao L, Thiemann M, Wirtz CR, Samstag Y, Tanaka M, Martin-Villalba A. 3D Cellular Architecture Modulates Tyrosine Kinase Activity, Thereby Switching CD95-Mediated Apoptosis to Survival. Cell Rep 2019; 29:2295-2306.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Guégan JP, Ginestier C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Ducret T, Quignard JF, Vacher P, Legembre P. CD95/Fas and metastatic disease: What does not kill you makes you stronger. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:121-131. [PMID: 31176682 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD95 (also known as Fas) is the prototype of death receptors; however, evidence suggests that this receptor mainly implements non-apoptotic signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K that are involved in cell migration, differentiation, survival, and cytokine secretion. At least two different forms of CD95 L exist. The multi-aggregated transmembrane ligand (m-CD95 L) is cleaved by metalloproteases to release a homotrimeric soluble ligand (s-CD95 L). Unlike m-CD95 L, the interaction between s-CD95 L and its receptor CD95 fails to trigger apoptosis, but instead promotes calcium-dependent cell migration, which contributes to the accumulation of inflammatory Th17 cells in damaged organs of lupus patients and favors cancer cell invasiveness. Novel inhibitors targeting the pro-inflammatory roles of CD95/CD95 L may provide attractive therapeutic options for patients with chronic inflammatory disorders or cancer. This review discusses the roles of the CD95/CD95 L pair in cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Philippe Guégan
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Ducret
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Quignard
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Centre de Recherche Cardio Thoracique de Bordeaux, INSERM U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Vacher
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1218, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, Équipe Ligue Contre Le Cancer, Rennes, France; Université Rennes, INSERM U1242, Rennes, France.
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33
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Feng S, Cai X, Li Y, Jian X, Zhang L, Li B. Tripartite motif-containing 14 (TRIM14) promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via ZEB2 in glioblastoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:57. [PMID: 30728039 PMCID: PMC6364431 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several members of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family have been reported to serve as vital regulators of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated an oncogenic role of TRIM 14 in multiple human cancers; however, the importance of this protein in glioblastoma remains to be elucidated. METHODS The expression levels of TRIM14 were analyzed in a series of database and were examined in a variety of glioblastoma cell lines. Two independent TRIM14 shRNA were transfected into LN229 and U251 cells, and the effect of TRIM14 depletion was confirmed. Transwell assay and wound healing assay assay were carried out to assess the effect of TRIM14 depletion on glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Western blotting was performed to screen the downstream gene of TRIM14. The stability analysis and Ubiquitylation assays and Orthotopic xenograft studies were also performed to investigate the role of TRIM14 and the relationship with downstream gene. Human glioblastoma tissues were obtained and immunohistochemical staining were carried out to confirm the clinical significance of TRIM14. RESULTS In this study, we showed that TRIM14 was upregulated in human glioblastoma specimens and cell lines, and correlated with glioblastoma progression and shorter patient survival times. Functional experiments showed that decreased TRIM14 expression reduced glioblastoma cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, we identified that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), a transcription factor involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is a downstream target of TRIM14. Further investigation revealed that TRIM14 inactivation significantly facilitated ZEB2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which led to aggressive invasion and migration. Our findings provide insight into the specific biological role of TRIM14 in tumor invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide insight into the specific biological role of TRIM14 in tumor invasion, and suggest that targeting the TRIM14/ZEB2 axis might be a novel therapeutic approach for blocking glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Feng
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jian
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linxin Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Mastrella G, Hou M, Li M, Stoecklein VM, Zdouc N, Volmar MNM, Miletic H, Reinhard S, Herold-Mende CC, Kleber S, Eisenhut K, Gargiulo G, Synowitz M, Vescovi AL, Harter PN, Penninger JM, Wagner E, Mittelbronn M, Bjerkvig R, Hambardzumyan D, Schüller U, Tonn JC, Radke J, Glass R, Kälin RE. Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2298-2313. [PMID: 30718358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) with bevacizumab, a VEGFA-blocking antibody, may accelerate tumor cell invasion and induce alternative angiogenic pathways. Here we investigate the roles of the proangiogenic apelin receptor APLNR and its cognate ligand apelin in VEGFA/VEGFR2 antiangiogenic therapy against distinct subtypes of GBM. In proneural GBM, apelin levels were downregulated by VEGFA or VEGFR2 blockade. A central role for apelin/APLNR in controlling GBM vascularization was corroborated in a serial implantation model of the angiogenic switch that occurs in human GBM. Apelin and APLNR are broadly expressed in human GBM, and knockdown or knockout of APLN in orthotopic models of proneural or classical GBM subtypes significantly reduced GBM vascularization compared with controls. However, reduction in apelin expression led to accelerated GBM cell invasion. Analysis of stereotactic GBM biopsies from patients as well as from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed increased dissemination of APLNR-positive tumor cells when apelin levels were reduced. Application of apelin-F13A, a mutant APLNR ligand, blocked tumor angiogenesis and GBM cell invasion. Furthermore, cotargeting VEGFR2 and APLNR synergistically improved survival of mice bearing proneural GBM. In summary, we show that apelin/APLNR signaling controls GBM angiogenesis and invasion and that both pathologic features are blunted by apelin-F13A. We suggest that apelin-F13A can improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of established antiangiogenic treatments for distinct GBM subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacologic targeting of the APLNR acts synergistically with established antiangiogenic treatments in glioblastoma and blunts therapy resistance to current strategies for antiangiogenesis.See related commentary by Amoozgar et al., p. 2104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mastrella
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhuo Hou
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Min Li
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit M Stoecklein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Zdouc
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie N M Volmar
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christel C Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kleber
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenhut
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg and NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer Center of Children's Health Care of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, German; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Dostert C, Grusdat M, Letellier E, Brenner D. The TNF Family of Ligands and Receptors: Communication Modules in the Immune System and Beyond. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:115-160. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF) include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular functions. The communication pathways mediated by TNFSF/TNFRSF are essential for numerous developmental, homeostatic, and stimulus-responsive processes in vivo. TNFSF/TNFRSF members regulate cellular differentiation, survival, and programmed death, but their most critical functions pertain to the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immune cells are controlled by TNFSF/TNFRSF members in a manner that is crucial for the coordination of various mechanisms driving either co-stimulation or co-inhibition of the immune response. Dysregulation of these same signaling pathways has been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the importance of their tight regulation. Investigation of the control of TNFSF/TNFRSF activities has led to the development of therapeutics with the potential to reduce chronic inflammation or promote anti-tumor immunity. The study of TNFSF/TNFRSF proteins has exploded over the last 30 yr, but there remains a need to better understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the molecular pathways they mediate to design more effective anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dostert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Grusdat
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Letellier
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dirk Brenner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Life Sciences Research Unit, Molecular Disease Mechanisms Group, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Xiao W, Ibrahim ML, Redd PS, Klement JD, Lu C, Yang D, Savage NM, Liu K. Loss of Fas Expression and Function Is Coupled with Colon Cancer Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:420-430. [PMID: 30429213 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy in various types of human cancers, colon cancer, except for the approximately 4% microsatellite-instable (MSI) colon cancer, does not respond to ICI immunotherapy. ICI acts through activating CTLs that use the Fas-FasL pathway as one of the two effector mechanisms to suppress tumor. Cancer stem cells are often associated with resistance to therapy including immunotherapy, but the functions of Fas in colon cancer apoptosis and colon cancer stem cells are currently conflicting and highly debated. We report here that decreased Fas expression is coupled with a subset of CD133+CD24lo colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistent of the lower Fas expression level, this subset of CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells exhibits decreased sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, FasL selectively enriches CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells. CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells exhibit increased lung colonization potential in experimental metastatic mouse models and decreased sensitivity to tumor-specific CTL adoptive transfer and ICI immunotherapies. Interestingly, FasL challenge selectively enriched this subset of colon cancer cells in microsatellite-stable (MSS) but not in the MSI human colon cancer cell lines. Consistent with the downregulation of Fas expression in CD133+CD24lo cells, lower Fas expression level is significantly correlated with decreased survival in patients with human colon cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Our data determine that CD133+CD24loFaslo colon cancer cells are capable to evade Fas-FasL cytotoxicity of tumor-reactive CTLs and targeting this subset of colon cancer cells is potentially an effective approach to suppress colon cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John D Klement
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Natasha M Savage
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
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38
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E85. [PMID: 30279357 PMCID: PMC6313628 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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39
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Nasser MM, Mehdipour P. Exploration of Involved Key Genes and Signaling Diversity in Brain Tumors. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:393-419. [PMID: 28493234 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumors are becoming a major cause of death. The classification of brain tumors has gone through restructuring with regard to some criteria such as the presence or absence of a specific genetic alteration in the 2016 central nervous system World Health Organization update. Two categories of genes with a leading role in tumorigenesis and cancer induction include tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes; tumor suppressor genes are inactivated through a variety of mechanisms that result in their loss of function. As for the oncogenes, overexpression and amplification are the most common mechanisms of alteration. Important cell cycle genes such as p53, ATM, cyclin D2, and Rb have shown altered expression patterns in different brain tumors such as meningioma and astrocytoma. Some genes in signaling pathways have a role in brain tumorigenesis. These pathways include hedgehog, EGFR, Notch, hippo, MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and WNT signaling. It has been shown that telomere length in some brain tumor samples is shortened compared to that in normal cells. As the shortening of telomere length triggers chromosome instability early in brain tumors, it could lead to initiation of cancer. On the other hand, telomerase activity was positive in some brain tumors. It is suggestive that telomere length and telomerase activity are important diagnostic markers in brain tumors. This review focuses on brain tumors with regard to the status of oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cell cycle genes, and genes in signaling pathways as well as the role of telomere length and telomerase in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Mahdian Nasser
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mehdipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Al-Saeedi M, Steinebrunner N, Kudsi H, Halama N, Mogler C, Büchler MW, Krammer PH, Schemmer P, Müller M. Neutralization of CD95 ligand protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury and prevents acute liver failure. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:132. [PMID: 29374146 PMCID: PMC5833836 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathological process in liver surgery and transplantation, and has considerable impact on the patient outcome and survival. Death receptors are important mediators of ischemia-reperfusion injury, notably the signaling pathways of the death receptor CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) and its corresponding ligand CD95L. This study investigates, for the first time, whether the inhibition of CD95L protects the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Warm ischemia was induced in the median and left liver lobes of C57BL/6 mice for 45 min. CD95Fc, a specific inhibitor of CD95L, was applied prior to ischemia. Hepatic injury was assessed via consecutive measurements of liver serum enzymes, histopathological assessment of apoptosis and necrosis and caspase assays at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after reperfusion. Serum levels of liver enzymes, as well as characteristic histopathological changes and caspase assays indicated pronounced features of apoptotic and necrotic liver damage 12 and 24 h after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Animals treated with the CD95L-blocker CD95Fc, exhibited a significant reduction in the level of serum liver enzymes and showed both decreased histopathological signs of parenchymal damage and decreased caspase activation. This study demonstrates that inhibition of CD95L with the CD95L-blocker CD95Fc, is effective in protecting mice from liver failure due to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. CD95Fc could therefore emerge as a new pharmacological therapy for liver resection, transplantation surgery and acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Saeedi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Steinebrunner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Intoxications, and Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hassan Kudsi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Department of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter H Krammer
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schemmer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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41
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Qadir AS, Ceppi P, Brockway S, Law C, Mu L, Khodarev NN, Kim J, Zhao JC, Putzbach W, Murmann AE, Chen Z, Chen W, Liu X, Salomon AR, Liu H, Weichselbaum RR, Yu J, Peter ME. CD95/Fas Increases Stemness in Cancer Cells by Inducing a STAT1-Dependent Type I Interferon Response. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2373-2386. [PMID: 28273453 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of CD95/Fas drives and maintains cancer stem cells (CSCs). We now report that this involves activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and induction of STAT1-regulated genes and that this process is inhibited by active caspases. STAT1 is enriched in CSCs in cancer cell lines, patient-derived human breast cancer, and CD95high-expressing glioblastoma neurospheres. CD95 stimulation of cancer cells induced secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) that bind to type I IFN receptors, resulting in activation of Janus-activated kinases, activation of STAT1, and induction of a number of STAT1-regulated genes that are part of a gene signature recently linked to therapy resistance in five primary human cancers. Consequently, we identified type I IFNs as drivers of cancer stemness. Knockdown or knockout of STAT1 resulted in a strongly reduced ability of CD95L or type I IFN to increase cancer stemness. This identifies STAT1 as a key regulator of the CSC-inducing activity of CD95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul S Qadir
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sonia Brockway
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Calvin Law
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liang Mu
- Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikolai N Khodarev
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jung Kim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - William Putzbach
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrea E Murmann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Arthur R Salomon
- Center for Cancer Research and Development, Proteomics Core Facility, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Huiping Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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42
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Putzbach W, Gao QQ, Patel M, van Dongen S, Haluck-Kangas A, Sarshad AA, Bartom ET, Kim KYA, Scholtens DM, Hafner M, Zhao JC, Murmann AE, Peter ME. Many si/shRNAs can kill cancer cells by targeting multiple survival genes through an off-target mechanism. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29063830 PMCID: PMC5655136 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 80% of multiple-tested siRNAs and shRNAs targeting CD95 or CD95 ligand (CD95L) induce a form of cell death characterized by simultaneous activation of multiple cell death pathways preferentially killing transformed and cancer stem cells. We now show these si/shRNAs kill cancer cells through canonical RNAi by targeting the 3’UTR of critical survival genes in a unique form of off-target effect we call DISE (death induced by survival gene elimination). Drosha and Dicer-deficient cells, devoid of most miRNAs, are hypersensitive to DISE, suggesting cellular miRNAs protect cells from this form of cell death. By testing 4666 shRNAs derived from the CD95 and CD95L mRNA sequences and an unrelated control gene, Venus, we have identified many toxic sequences - most of them located in the open reading frame of CD95L. We propose that specific toxic RNAi-active sequences present in the genome can kill cancer cells. Cells store their genetic code within molecules of DNA. Some of this information will be copied into chemically similar molecules called RNAs, from which the sequence of letters in the genetic code can be translated to build proteins. However, these messenger RNAs are not the only RNA molecules that cells can make. MicroRNAs are other short pieces of RNA that closely match sequences in parts of certain messenger RNAs. The messenger RNAs targeted by microRNAs are broken down inside the cell, which reduces how much protein can be produced from them. Since its discovery, scientists have exploited this process – called RNA interference (or RNAi for short) – and designed microRNA-like small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target particular messenger RNAs and decrease the levels of the corresponding proteins in countless experiments. Two proteins that have been studied in RNAi experiments are CD95 and its interaction partner CD95L. Both of these proteins are important in human cancer cells, and targeting them via RNAi killed cancer cells in an unknown mechanism that the cancer cells were unable to resist. RNAi experiments are designed to be specific, but sometimes they can accidently target other non-target messenger RNAs. Putzbach, Gao, Patel et al. have now analyzed all of the siRNAs that can be made from the messenger RNAs for CD95 and CD95L to mediate RNAi in cancer cells. This revealed that several messenger RNAs, other than those for CD95 and CD95L, were unintentionally being targeted, including many that code for proteins that cells need to survive. Further examination of the messenger RNA for CD95 and CD95L showed that they contain short sequences that are similar to those in the messenger RNAs of the genes that encode these survival proteins. Putzbach et al. were able to study and then predict which siRNA sequences would be toxic to cancer cells. These findings indicate that an RNAi off-target effect may actually be used to kill cancer cells. Future studies will determine whether this effect could be exploited to shrink tumors in animal models of cancer. If successful, this in turn could lead to new treatments for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Putzbach
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Quan Q Gao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Monal Patel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Stijn van Dongen
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Haluck-Kangas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Aishe A Sarshad
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Elizabeth T Bartom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Kwang-Youn A Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jonathan C Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Andrea E Murmann
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, United States
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Szarynska M, Olejniczak A, Wierzbicki P, Kobiela J, Laski D, Sledzinski Z, Adrych K, Guzek M, Kmiec Z. FasR and FasL in colorectal cancer. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:975-986. [PMID: 28766682 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common solid organ cancers prevalent worldwide causing, in spite of advancing therapeutic methodology, high rate of patient mortality, especially due to metastasis development. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory of tumor growth indicates that CSCs within the tumor mass have great capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth. Following the suggestion that Fas signaling can be engaged in apoptosis, tumor maintenance, senescence or DICE (death induced by CD95 or CD95L elimination), the attempts to broaden the knowledge concerning the relationships between CSCs features and FasR/FasL appeared to be necessary. The most important advantage of our study was the simultaneously analysis of CSCs from commonly used CRC lines (HCT116 and HT29) and tumor fragments collected from CRC patients. Moreover, the sphere-promoting expansion of CRC lines brought a specific three-dimensional specific environment for CSC exploration. We further investigated the function of Fas signaling in CRC lines depending on the culture mode as we incubated HCT116 and HT29 cells with anti-FasR agonistic antibodies. It appeared to act in a line-dependent and culture mode-dependent manner and influenced some particular features of CSCs such as spherogenicity, proliferation and phenotype. Additionally, the analysis of mRNA level showed that disease progression is associated with significantly increased expression of FasR and/or FasL. In conclusion, our observation seems to confirm that spherical model of cancer lines is more reliable for some sophisticated analysis because of their greater resemblance to the CSCs from human CRC samples in comparison to commonly used adherent cells, at least according to aspects of their biology analyzed in this study. That can be extended to the resemblance of in vitro sphere forming conditions to the in vivo environment. However, the greatest difference concerns the level of apoptosis, thus, this issue require further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szarynska
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Wierzbicki
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Laski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sledzinski
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krystian Adrych
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Guzek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Gdansk, Invasive Medicine Centre, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
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44
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Kahlert UD, Joseph JV, Kruyt FAE. EMT- and MET-related processes in nonepithelial tumors: importance for disease progression, prognosis, and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:860-877. [PMID: 28556516 PMCID: PMC5496495 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to mesenchymal (EMT) process is increasingly recognized for playing a key role in the progression, dissemination, and therapy resistance of epithelial tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that EMT inducers also lead to a gain in mesenchymal properties and promote malignancy of nonepithelial tumors. In this review, we present and discuss current findings, illustrating the importance of EMT inducers in tumors originating from nonepithelial/mesenchymal tissues, including brain tumors, hematopoietic malignancies, and sarcomas. Among these tumors, the involvement of mesenchymal transition has been most extensively investigated in glioblastoma, providing proof for cell autonomous and microenvironment-derived stimuli that provoke EMT-like processes that regulate stem cell, invasive, and immunogenic properties as well as therapy resistance. The involvement of prominent EMT transcription factor families, such as TWIST, SNAI, and ZEB, in promoting therapy resistance and tumor aggressiveness has also been reported in lymphomas, leukemias, and sarcomas. A reverse process, resembling mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), seems particularly relevant for sarcomas, where (partial) epithelial differentiation is linked to less aggressive tumors and a better patient prognosis. Overall, a hybrid model in which more stable epithelial and mesenchymal intermediates exist likely extends to the biology of tumors originating from sources other than the epithelium. Deeper investigation and understanding of the EMT/MET machinery in nonepithelial tumors will shed light on the pathogenesis of these tumors, potentially paving the way toward the identification of clinically relevant biomarkers for prognosis and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf D Kahlert
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Frank A E Kruyt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
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45
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Decitabine Treatment of Glioma-Initiating Cells Enhances Immune Recognition and Killing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162105. [PMID: 27579489 PMCID: PMC5007044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are aggressive brain tumours with very poor prognosis. The majority of glioma cells are differentiated (glioma-differentiated cells: GDCs), whereas the smaller population (glioma-initiating cells, GICs) is undifferentiated and resistant to conventional therapies. Therefore, to better target this pool of heterogeneous cells, a combination of diverse therapeutic approaches is envisaged. Here we investigated whether the immunosensitising properties of the hypomethylating agent decitabine can be extended to GICs. Using the murine GL261 cell line, we demonstrate that decitabine augments the expression of the death receptor FAS both on GDCs and GICs. Interestingly, it had a higher impact on GICs and correlated with an enhanced sensitivity to FASL-mediated cell death. Moreover, the expression of other critical molecules involved in cognate recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, MHCI and ICAM-1, was upregulated by decitabine treatment. Consequently, T-cell mediated killing of both GDCs and GICs was enhanced, as was T cell proliferation after reactivation. Overall, although GICs are described to resist classical therapies, our study shows that hypomethylating agents have the potential to enhance glioma cell recognition and subsequent destruction by immune cells, regardless of their differentiation status. These results support the development of combinatorial treatment modalities including epigenetic modulation together with immunotherapy in order to treat heterogenous malignancies such as glioblastoma.
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