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Horiuchi Y, Nakamura A, Imai T, Murakami T. Infection of tumor cells with Salmonella typhimurium mimics immunogenic cell death and elicits tumor-specific immune responses. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgad484. [PMID: 38213616 PMCID: PMC10783808 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Some properties of Salmonella-infected cells overlap with immunogenic cell death. In this study, we demonstrated that intracellular infection of melanoma with Salmonella typhimurium induced high immunogenicity in melanoma cells, leading to antitumor effects with melanoma-antigen-specific T-cell responses. Murine B16F10 melanoma cells were infected with tdTomato-expressing attenuated S. typhimurium (VNP20009; VNP-tdT), triggering massive cell vacuolization. VNP-tdT-infected B16F10 cells were phagocytosed efficiently, which induced the activation of antigen-presenting cells with CD86 expression in vitro. Subcutaneous coimplantation of uninfected and VNP-tdT-infected B16F10 cells into C57BL/6 mice significantly suppressed tumor growth compared with the implantation of uninfected B16F10 cells alone. Inoculation of mice with VNP-tdT-infected B16F10 cells elicited the proliferation of melanoma-antigen (gp100)-specific T cells, and it protected the mice from the second tumor challenge of uninfected B16F10 cells. These results suggest that Salmonella-infected tumor cells acquire effective adjuvanticity, leading to ideal antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Imai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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2
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Mustafa B, Fetse J, Kandel S, Lin CY, Adhikary P, Mamani UF, Liu Y, Ibrahim MN, Alahmari M, Cheng K. Discovery of Anti-CD47 Peptides as Innate Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2023; 6:2300114. [PMID: 38655206 PMCID: PMC11034909 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202300114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy targeting adaptive immune cells has been attracting considerable interest due to its great success in treating multiple cancers. Recently, there is also increasing interest in agents that can stimulate innate immune cell activities. Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting innate immune cells can block inhibitory interactions ('don't eat me' signals) between tumor cells and phagocytes. CD47 is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in various cancers and acts as a potent 'do not eat me' signal that contributes to the immune evasion of cancer cells. Anti-CD47 peptides that can bind to CD47 and block CD47/SIRPα interaction were discovered using a novel phage display biopanning strategy. Anti-CD47 peptides enhanced the macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of NCI-H82 tumor cells in vitro. Unlike anti-CD47 antibodies, these peptides do not induce the agglutination of RBCs. Moreover, anti-CD47 peptides exhibit high specificity for MC-38 cancer cells expressing CD47. CMP-22 peptide showed the ability to increase the antitumor activity of doxorubicin and extends the survival of CT26 tumor-bearing mice. The discovered anti-CD47 peptides can be considered potential candidates for cancer immunotherapy by blocking the CD47/SIRPα interaction, especially in combination with chemotherapy, to elicit synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Mustafa
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - John Fetse
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sashi Kandel
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Pratik Adhikary
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Umar-Farouk Mamani
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Yanli Liu
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Mohammed Nurudeen Ibrahim
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Mohammed Alahmari
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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Chen K, Zhang Z, Fang Z, Zhang J, Liu Q, Dong W, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang J. Aged-Signal-Eliciting Nanoparticles Stimulated Macrophage-Mediated Programmed Removal of Inflammatory Neutrophils. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13903-13916. [PMID: 37458397 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive infiltration of activated neutrophils is regarded as a predominant cause of tissue injury in neutrophilic inflammation. Although programmed cell death like apoptosis maintains the homeostasis of activated neutrophils, this process is disrupted by an abnormal inflammatory response. Unlike endogenous calreticulin exposed during apoptosis, exogenous calreticulin acts as an "aged" signal and initiates premature macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal (PrCR), which is independent of apoptosis. Here, we report a nano-mediated strategy to stimulate the precise clearance of activated neutrophils initiated with artificial aged signal and alleviated inflammation. Polymeric nanoparticles PC@PLGA were fabricated by cloaking poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with a hybrid membrane derived from platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs, denoted by P) and the calreticulin-expressed membrane obtained from doxorubicin-treated cells (denoted by C). P-selectin in PEVs favors PC@PLGA to anchor activated neutrophils, while calreticulin mimics exogenous "aged" signal secreted by macrophages to trigger PrCR. We showed that PC@PLGA specifically targeted activated neutrophils and misled macrophages to recognize them as "aged" neutrophils and then initiated premature PrCR and prevented proinflammatory response and tissue damage in a mouse model of acute lung injury and severe acute pancreatitis. The collective findings indicate the efficiency of specific elimination of activated neutrophils with exogenous aged signal in improving inflammation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Ziyuan Fang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jiachen Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wang Dong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Intelligent Nanomedicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
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Zhan C, Jin Y, Xu X, Shao J, Jin C. Antitumor therapy for breast cancer: Focus on tumor-associated macrophages and nanosized drug delivery systems. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36794651 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In breast cancer (BC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and are closely related to poor prognosis. A growing number of studies have focused on the role of TAMs in BC progression and therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs. As an emerging treatment, the application of nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDSs) in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs has attracted much attention. AIMS This review is to summarize the characteristics and treatment strategies targeting TAMs in BC and to clarify the applications of NDDSs targeting TAMs in the treatment of BC by targeting TAMs. MATERIALS & METHODS The existing results related to characteristics of TAMs in BC, BC treatment strategies by targeting TAMs, and the applications of NDDSs in these strategies are described. Through analyzing these results, the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment strategies using NDDSs are discussed, which could provide advices on designing NDDSs for BC treatment. RESULTS TAMs are one of the most prominent noncancer cell types in BC. TAMs not only promote angiogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis but also lead to therapeutic resistance and immunosuppression. Mainly four strategies have been used to target TAMs for BC therapy, which include depleting macrophages, blocking recruitment, reprogramming to attain an anti-tumor phenotype, and increasing phagocytosis. Since NDDSs can efficiently deliver drugs to TAMs with low toxicity, they are promising approaches for targeting TAMs in tumor therapy. NDDSs with various structures can deliver immunotherapeutic agents and nucleic acid therapeutics to TAMs. In addition, NDDSs can realize combination therapies. DISCUSSION TAMs play a critical role in the progression of BC. An increasing number of strategies have been proposed to regulate TAMs. Compared with free drugs, NDDSs targeting TAMs improve drug concentration, reduce toxicity and realize combination therapies. However, in order to achieve better therapeutic efficacy, there are still some disadvantages that need to be considered in the design of NDDSs. CONCLUSION TAMs play an important role in the progression of BC, and targeting TAMs is a promising strategy for BC therapy. In particular, NDDSs targeting TAMs have unique advantages and are potential treatments for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Zhan
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinzhi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbo Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunxiang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Membrane Bound CRT Fragment Accelerates Tumor Growth of Melanoma B16 Cell In Vivo through Promoting M2 Polarization via TLR4. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4626813. [PMID: 36249426 PMCID: PMC9560857 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4626813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is a major calcium-binding luminal resident protein on the endoplasmic reticulum that can also be released extracellular as well as anchored on surface of cells. Previously, we demonstrated that soluble recombinant CRT fragment 39-272 (CRT/39-272) exhibited potent immunostimulatory effects as well as immunoregulation effects on immune cells. Here, we constructed stable B16 melanoma cell lines expressing recombinant CRT/39-272 on the membrane (B16-tmCRT/39-272) to investigate the roles of cell surface CRT on tumor progression. We found that B16-tmCRT/39-272 cells subcutaneously inoculated into C57BL/6 mice exhibited stronger tumorigenicity than the B16-EGFP control cells. The tumor associated macrophages infiltrated in tumors were mainly M2 phenotype. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were also expanded more in bearing mice. Consistent with the in vivo results, B16-tmCRT/39-272 promoted macrophage polarization toward F4/80+CD206+ M2 macrophages and promoted transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) secretion in vitro, which could promote naïve CD4+T cell differentiation into Tregs. These results imply that the tmCRT/39-272 could accelerate tumor development by enhancing M2 macrophage polarization to induce TGF-β secretion, and then promoted Treg differentiation in the tumor microenvironment. Our data may provide useful clues for better understanding of the potentiating roles of CRT in tumorigenesis.
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6
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin-1 Signaling Through the Calreticulin/LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 Axis: Functions and Possible Roles in Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898772. [PMID: 35693935 PMCID: PMC9185677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein. Matricellular proteins are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate key cellular functions and impact ECM organization, but which lack direct primary structural roles in the ECM. TSP-1 expression is upregulated in response to injury, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, inflammation, glucose, and by reactive oxygen species. Relevant to glaucoma, TSP-1 is also a mechanosensitive molecule upregulated by mechanical stretch. TSP-1 expression is increased in ocular remodeling in glaucoma in both the trabecular meshwork and in the optic nerve head. The exact roles of TSP-1 in glaucoma remain to be defined, however. It plays important roles in cell behavior and in ECM remodeling during wound healing, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and in tumorigenesis and metastasis. At the cellular level, TSP-1 can modulate cell adhesion and migration, protease activity, growth factor activity, anoikis resistance, apoptosis, and collagen secretion and matrix assembly and cross-linking. These multiple functions and macromolecular and receptor interactions have been ascribed to specific domains of the TSP-1 molecule. In this review, we will focus on the cell regulatory activities of the TSP-1 N-terminal domain (NTD) sequence that binds to cell surface calreticulin (Calr) and which regulates cell functions via signaling through Calr complexed with LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1). We will describe TSP-1 actions mediated through the Calr/LRP1 complex in regulating focal adhesion disassembly and cytoskeletal reorganization, cell motility, anoikis resistance, and induction of collagen secretion and matrix deposition. Finally, we will consider the relevance of these TSP-1 functions to the pathologic remodeling of the ECM in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich,
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7
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Liao H, Niu C. Role of CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint in Nanomedicine-Based Anti-Cancer Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:887463. [PMID: 35557862 PMCID: PMC9087583 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.887463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers have evolved various mechanisms to evade immunological surveillance, such as the inhibitory immune checkpoint of the CD47-SIRPα signaling pathway. By targeting this signaling pathway, researchers have developed diverse nanovehicles with different loaded drugs and modifications in anticancer treatment. In this review, we present a brief overview of CD47-SIRPα interaction and nanomedicine. Then, we delve into recent applications of the CD47-SIRPα interaction as a target for nanomedicine-based antitumor treatment and its combination with other targeting pathway drugs and/or therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqin Liao
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengcheng Niu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Ultrasonography, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chengcheng Niu,
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8
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Wang M, Liao S, Fu Z, Zang X, Yin S, Wang T. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Pelteobagrus vachelli liver in response to hypoxia. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104425. [PMID: 34785373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen is one of the determinants in the healthy farming of Pelteobagrus vachelli. This study, we conducted quantitative proteomics on the juvenile P. vachelli livers using iTRAQ. P. vachelli were treated by 3.75 ± 0.25 mg O2/L (hypoxia group) and 7.25 ± 0.25 mg O2/L (control group) for 90 days. The results revealed that under hypoxic conditions, P. vachelli grew slower than control group. Proteomic profiling enabled us to identify 2618 proteins, of which 176 were significantly differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Verification of protein regulation based on qRT-PCR indicated that the proteomics data were reliable. The top 20 significantly DAPs (10 up-regulated, 10 down-regulated) were primarily involved in energy metabolism, apoptosis inhibition, and heavy metal detoxification. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of 'protein digestion and absorption', 'glycolysis/gluconeogenesis', and 'phagosome'. Combining the proteomics results of short-term hypoxia (treated with 0.70 ± 0.10 mg O2 /L for 4 h), we screened 36 common DAPs. The analysis of the 36 common DAPs indicated that P. vachelli responded to the hypoxia by regulating energy supply, inhibiting apoptosis, and disturbing defensive system. Our results lay a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of hypoxia-tolerant species and eco-breeding of P. vachelli. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The hypoxia tolerance of Pelteobagrus vachelli is poor, which will seriously lead to its death in high-density culture. This study analysed the liver proteome of P. vachelli under long-term hypoxia stress (treated for 90 days at 3.75 ± 0.25 mg O2/L), and then combined the proteome results of short-term hypoxia stress (treated for 4 h at 0.70 ± 0.10 mg O2/L). The results showed P. vachelli responded to the hypoxia by regulating energy supply, inhibiting apoptosis and disturbing defensive system. The study contributes to the breeding of new hypoxia-tolerant species of P. vachelli and lays the theoretical foundation for eco-breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shujia Liao
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhineng Fu
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xuechun Zang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Abdel-Bar HM, Walters AA, Lim Y, Rouatbi N, Qin Y, Gheidari F, Han S, Osman R, Wang JTW, Al-Jamal KT. An "eat me" combinatory nano-formulation for systemic immunotherapy of solid tumors. Theranostics 2021; 11:8738-8754. [PMID: 34522209 PMCID: PMC8419059 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational: Tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), induced by certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin (Dox), is a form of apoptosis potentiating a protective immune response. One of the hallmarks of ICD is the translocation of calreticulin to the cell surface acting as an 'eat me' signal. This manuscript describes the development of a stable nucleic acid-lipid particles (SNALPs) formulation for the simultaneous delivery of ICD inducing drug (Dox) with small interfering RNA (siRNA) knocking down CD47 (siCD47), the dominant 'don't eat me' marker, for synergistic enhancement of ICD. Methods: SNALPs loaded with Dox or siCD47 either mono or combinatory platforms were prepared by ethanol injection method. The proposed systems were characterized for particle size, surface charge, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. The ability of the SNALPs to preserve the siRNA integrity in presence of serum and RNAse were assessed over 48 h. The in vitro cellular uptake and gene silencing of the prepared SNALPs was assessed in CT26 cells. The immunological responses of the SNALPs were defined in vitro in terms of surface calreticulin expression and macrophage-mediated phagocytosis induction. In vivo therapeutic studies were performed in CT26 bearing mice where the therapeutic outcomes were expressed as tumor volume, expression of CD4 and CD8 as well as in vivo silencing. Results: The optimized SNALPs had a particle size 122 ±6 nm and an entrapment efficiency > 65% for both siRNA and Dox with improved serum stability. SNALPs were able to improve siRNA and Dox uptake in CT26 cells with enhanced cytotoxicity. siCD47 SNALPs were able to knockdown CD47 by approximately 70% with no interference from the presence of Dox. The siCD47 and Dox combination SNALPs were able to induce surface calreticulin expression leading to a synergistic effect on macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of treated cells. In a tumor challenge model, 50% of mice receiving siCD47 and Dox containing SNALPs were able to clear the tumor, while the remaining animals showed significantly lower tumor burden as compared to either monotreatment. Conclusion: Therefore, the combination of siCD47 and Dox in a particulate system showed potent anti-tumor activity which merits further investigation in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, P.O. box: 32958 Egypt
| | - Adam A Walters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yau Lim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Rouatbi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Qin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Fatemeh Gheidari
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Shunping Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rihab Osman
- Faculty of Pharmacy-Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. box: 11566 Egypt
| | - Julie Tzu-Wen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Khuloud T. Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Lam STT, Lim CJ. Cancer Biology of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Lectin Chaperones Calreticulin, Calnexin and PDIA3/ERp57. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:181-196. [PMID: 34050867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lectin chaperones calreticulin (CALR) and calnexin (CANX), together with their co-chaperone PDIA3, are increasingly implicated in studies of human cancers in roles that extend beyond their primary function as quality control facilitators of protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Led by the discovery that cell surface CALR functions as an immunogen that promotes anti-tumour immunity, studies have now expanded to include their potential uses as prognostic markers for cancers, and in regulation of oncogenic signaling that regulate such diverse processes including integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration, proliferation, cell death and chemotherapeutic resistance. The diversity stems from the increasing recognition that these proteins have an equally diverse spectrum of subcellular and extracellular localization, and which are aberrantly expressed in tumour cells. This review describes key foundational discoveries and highlight recent findings that further our understanding of the plethora of activities mediated by CALR, CANX and PDIA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Tat Theodore Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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11
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Jiang Z, Chen Z, Hu L, Qiu L, Zhu L. Calreticulin Blockade Attenuates Murine Acute Lung Injury by Inducing Polarization of M2 Subtype Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 11:11. [PMID: 32082309 PMCID: PMC7002388 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CALR) has anti-tumor effects by increasing dendritic cell maturation and tumor antigen presentation. However, whether CALR affects macrophages and modulates progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome/acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI) remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that CALR protein was highly expressed in the mice with LPS-induced ALI and CALR expression level was positively correlated to the severity of ALI. Commercial anti-CALR antibody (aCALR) can neutralize recombinant CALR (rCALR) and suppress the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the rCALR-treated macrophages. Blocking CALR activity by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of aCALR significantly suppressed ALI, accompanied with lower total cell counts, neutrophil and T cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissues. The expression of CXCL15, IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and CALR were significantly reduced, in association with more polarization of Siglec F+CD206+M2 subtype macrophages in the aCALR-treated mice. Pre-depletion of circulating monocytes did not abolish the aCALR-mediated suppression of ALI. Further analysis in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed that aCALR suppressed the expression of CD80, IL-6, IL-1beta, IL-18, NLRP3, and p-p38 MAPK; but enhanced the expression of CD206 and IL-10. In addition, we observed more expression and phosphorylation of STAT6 in the aCALR-treated BMDM. Lack of STAT6 resulted in comparable and slightly higher expression of CALR, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the aCALR-treated STAT6-/- BMDMs than the untreated cells. Therefore, we conclude that CALR is a novel biomarker in the evaluation of ALI. Blocking CALR activity by aCALR effectively suppressed ALI independent of circulating monocytes. Siglec F+CD206+M2 subtype macrophages and p38 MAPK/STAT6 signaling pathway played important role in the immune regulation of aCALR. Blocking CALR activity is a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of ARDS/ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China
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12
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Liu CC, Leclair P, Pedari F, Vieira H, Monajemi M, Sly LM, Reid GS, Lim CJ. Integrins and ERp57 Coordinate to Regulate Cell Surface Calreticulin in Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2019; 9:411. [PMID: 31192123 PMCID: PMC6546883 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy-induced presentation of cell surface calreticulin (CRT) is a pro-phagocytic immunogen beneficial for invoking anti-tumor immunity. Here, we characterized the roles of ERp57 and α-integrins as CRT-interacting proteins that coordinately regulate CRT translocation from the ER to the surface during immunogenic cell death. Using T-lymphoblasts as a genetic cell model, we found that drug-induced surface CRT is dependent on ERp57, while drug-induced surface ERp57 is independent of CRT. Differential subcellular immunostaining assays revealed that ERp57-/- cells have minimal cytosolic CRT, indicating that ERp57 is indispensable for extra-ER accumulation of CRT. Stimulation of integrin activity, with either cell adhesion or molecular agonists, resulted in decreased drug-induced surface CRT and ERp57 levels. Similarly, surface CRT and ERp57 was reduced in cells expressing GFFKR, a conserved α-integrin cytosolic motif that binds CRT. Drug-induced surface ERp57 levels were consistently higher in CRT-/- cells, suggesting integrin inhibition of surface ERp57 is an indirect consequence of α-integrin binding to CRT within the CRT-ERp57 complex. Furthermore, β1-/- cells with reduced expression of multiple α-integrins, exhibit enhanced levels of drug-induced surface CRT and ERp57. Our findings highlight the coordinate involvement of plasma membrane integrins as inhibitors, and ERp57 originating from the ER as promoters, of CRT translocation from the ER to the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal Leclair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Foujan Pedari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heidi Vieira
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahdis Monajemi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregor S Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Investigation of the interaction between calreticulin and immunoglobulin G by capillary electrophoresis and computer modeling. Talanta 2019; 195:587-592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Feng M, Marjon KD, Zhu F, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Levett A, Sullivan K, Kao KS, Markovic M, Bump PA, Jackson HM, Choi TS, Chen J, Banuelos AM, Liu J, Gip P, Cheng L, Wang D, Weissman IL. Programmed cell removal by calreticulin in tissue homeostasis and cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3194. [PMID: 30097573 PMCID: PMC6086865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated programmed cell removal (PrCR) is a process essential for the clearance of unwanted (damaged, dysfunctional, aged, or harmful) cells. The detection and recognition of appropriate target cells by macrophages is a critical step for successful PrCR, but its molecular mechanisms have not been delineated. Here using the models of tissue turnover, cancer immunosurveillance, and hematopoietic stem cells, we show that unwanted cells such as aging neutrophils and living cancer cells are susceptible to "labeling" by secreted calreticulin (CRT) from macrophages, enabling their clearance through PrCR. Importantly, we identified asialoglycans on the target cells to which CRT binds to regulate PrCR, and the availability of such CRT-binding sites on cancer cells correlated with the prognosis of patients in various malignancies. Our study reveals a general mechanism of target cell recognition by macrophages, which is the key for the removal of unwanted cells by PrCR in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingye Feng
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Kristopher D Marjon
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rachel Weissman-Tsukamoto
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Levett
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katie Sullivan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Kao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Maxim Markovic
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul A Bump
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hannah M Jackson
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Timothy S Choi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Allison M Banuelos
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Phung Gip
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Denong Wang
- SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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15
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Leclair P, Liu CC, Monajemi M, Reid GS, Sly LM, Lim CJ. CD47-ligation induced cell death in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:544. [PMID: 29748606 PMCID: PMC5945676 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD47 is a cell-surface marker well recognized for its anti-phagocytic functions. As such, an emerging avenue for targeted cancer therapies involves neutralizing the anti-phagocytic function using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to enhance tumour cell immunogenicity. A lesser known consequence of CD47 receptor ligation is the direct induction of tumour cell death. While several mAbs and their derivatives with this property have been studied, the best characterized is the commercially available mAb B6H12, which requires immobilization for induction of cell death. Here, we describe a commercially available mAb, CC2C6, which induces T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell death in soluble form. Soluble CC2C6 induces CD47-dependent cell death in a manner consistent with immobilized B6H12, which is characterized by mitochondrial deficiencies but is independent of caspase activation. Titration studies indicated that CC2C6 shares a common CD47-epitope with B6H12. Importantly, CC2C6 retains the anti-phagocytic neutralizing function, thus possessing dual anti-tumour properties. Although CD47-ligation induced cell death occurs in a caspase-independent manner, CC2C6 was found to stimulate increases in Mcl-1 and NOXA levels, two Bcl-2 family proteins that govern the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Further analysis revealed that the ratio of Mcl-1:NOXA were minimally altered for cells treated with CC2C6, in comparison to cells treated with agents that induced caspase-dependent apoptosis which alter this ratio in favour of NOXA. Finally, we found that CC2C6 can synergize with low dose chemotherapeutic agents that induce classical apoptosis, giving rise to the possibility of an effective combination treatment with reduced long-term sequelae associated with high-dose chemotherapies in childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Leclair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Chi-Chao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Mahdis Monajemi
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Gregor S Reid
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Laura M Sly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4
| | - Chinten James Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4.
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, B.C. Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V5Z 4H4.
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16
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Charonis AS, Michalak M, Groenendyk J, Agellon LB. Endoplasmic reticulum in health and disease: the 12th International Calreticulin Workshop, Delphi, Greece. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3141-3149. [PMID: 29160038 PMCID: PMC5706586 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from 1994, every 2 years, an international workshop is organized focused on calreticulin and other endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. In 2017, the workshop took place at Delphi Greece. Participants from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia presented their recent data and discussed them extensively with their colleagues. Presentations dealt with structural aspects of calreticulin and calnexin, the role of Ca2+ in cellular signalling and in autophagy, the endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response, the role of calreticulin in immune responses. Several presentations focused on the role of calreticulin and other ER chaperones in a variety of disease states, including haemophilia, obesity, diabetes, Sjogren's syndrome, Chagas diseases, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurological malignancies (especially glioblastoma), haematological malignancies (especially essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis), lung adenocarcinoma, renal pathology with emphasis in fibrosis and drug toxicity. In addition, the role of calreticulin and calnexin in growth and wound healing was discussed, as well as the possible use of extracellular calreticulin as a marker for certain diseases. It was agreed that the 13th International Calreticulin Workshop will be organized in 2019 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jody Groenendyk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luis B Agellon
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Sheng W, Chen C, Dong M, Wang G, Zhou J, Song H, Li Y, Zhang J, Ding S. Calreticulin promotes EGF-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells via Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3147. [PMID: 29072694 PMCID: PMC5680916 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that Calreticulin (CRT) promoted the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) through ERK/MAPK pathway. We next investigate whether CRT promotes EGF-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in PC via Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling, which has not been reported yet to our knowledge. EGF simultaneously induced EMT and activated Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in 3 PC cells. However, CRT silencing significantly inhibited EGF function, including inhibiting EGF-induced EMT-like cell morphology, EGF-enhanced cell invasion and migration, and EGF induced the decrease of E-cadherin, ZO-1, and β-catenin and the increase of the key proteins in Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling (pEGFR-tyr1173, Fibronectin, Integrinβ1, c-Myc and pERK). Conversely, CRT overexpression rescued the change of EMT-related proteins induced by EGF in CRT silencing PC cells. Additionally, CRT was co-stained with pEGFR1173 (with EGF), Fibronectin and Integrinβ1 by IF under confocal microscopy and was co-immunoprecipitated with Fibronectin, Integrinβ1 and c-Myc in both PC cells, all of which indicating a close interaction of CRT with Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in PC. In vivo, CRT silencing inhibited subcutaneous tumor growth and liver metastasis of pancreatic tumor. A positive relationship of CRT with Fibronectin, Integrinβ1, c-Myc and pERK and a negative association of CRT with E-cad was also observed in vivo and clinical samples. Meanwhile, overexpression of the above proteins was closely associated with multiple aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and the poor prognosis of PC patients. CRT promotes EGF-induced EMT in PC cells via Integrin/EGFR-ERK/MAPK signaling pathway, which would be a promising therapy target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chuanping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Sixth Peoples' hospital of Shenyang, Shenyang 110003, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Guosen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - He Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Shuangning Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Liaoning Province, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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