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Yamada Y, Zheng Z, Jad AK, Yamashita M. Lethal and sublethal effects of programmed cell death pathways on hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2024; 134:104214. [PMID: 38582294 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death is an evolutionally conserved cellular process in multicellular organisms that eliminates unnecessary or rogue cells during development, infection, and carcinogenesis. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are a rare, self-renewing, and multipotent cell population necessary for the establishment and regeneration of the hematopoietic system. Counterintuitively, key components necessary for programmed cell death induction are abundantly expressed in long-lived HSCs, which often survive myeloablative stress by engaging a prosurvival response that counteracts cell death-inducing stimuli. Although HSCs are well known for their apoptosis resistance, recent studies have revealed their unique vulnerability to certain types of programmed necrosis, such as necroptosis and ferroptosis. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that programmed cell death pathways can be sublethally activated to cause nonlethal consequences such as innate immune response, organelle dysfunction, and mutagenesis. In this review, we summarized recent findings on how divergent cell death programs are molecularly regulated in HSCs. We then discussed potential side effects caused by sublethal activation of programmed cell death pathways on the functionality of surviving HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamada
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Zheng
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alaa K Jad
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamashita
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
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2
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Hartman ML, Czyz M. BCL-G: 20 years of research on a non-typical protein from the BCL-2 family. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01158-5. [PMID: 37031274 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins from the BCL-2 family control cell survival and apoptosis in health and disease, and regulate apoptosis-unrelated cellular processes. BCL-Gonad (BCL-G, also known as BCL2-like 14) is a non-typical protein of the family as its long isoform (BCL-GL) consists of BH2 and BH3 domains without the BH1 motif. BCL-G is predominantly expressed in normal testes and different organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The complexity of regulatory mechanisms of BCL-G expression and post-translational modifications suggests that BCL-G may play distinct roles in different types of cells and disorders. While several genetic alterations of BCL2L14 have been reported, gene deletions and amplifications prevail, which is also confirmed by the analysis of sequencing data for different types of cancer. Although the studies validating the phenotypic consequences of genetic manipulations of BCL-G are limited, the role of BCL-G in apoptosis has been undermined. Recent studies using gene-perturbation approaches have revealed apoptosis-unrelated functions of BCL-G in intracellular trafficking, immunomodulation, and regulation of the mucin scaffolding network. These studies were, however, limited mainly to the role of BCL-G in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, further efforts using state-of-the-art methods and various types of cells are required to find out more about BCL-G activities. Deciphering the isoform-specific functions of BCL-G and the BCL-G interactome may result in the designing of novel therapeutic approaches, in which BCL-G activity will be either imitated using small-molecule BH3 mimetics or inhibited to counteract BCL-G upregulation. This review summarizes two decades of research on BCL-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Kuusanmäki H, Dufva O, Vähä-Koskela M, Leppä AM, Huuhtanen J, Vänttinen I, Nygren P, Klievink J, Bouhlal J, Pölönen P, Zhang Q, Adnan-Awad S, Mancebo-Pérez C, Saad J, Miettinen J, Javarappa KK, Aakko S, Ruokoranta T, Eldfors S, Heinäniemi M, Theilgaard-Mönch K, Wartiovaara-Kautto U, Keränen M, Porkka K, Konopleva M, Wennerberg K, Kontro M, Heckman CA, Mustjoki S. Erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation confers BCL-XL dependency and venetoclax resistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2023; 141:1610-1625. [PMID: 36508699 PMCID: PMC10651789 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid neoplasms with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation include pure erythroid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid features, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (FAB M7) and are characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Here, we investigate the drug sensitivity landscape of these rare malignancies. We show that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation depend on the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-XL, rather than BCL-2, using combined ex vivo drug sensitivity testing, genetic perturbation, and transcriptomic profiling. High-throughput screening of >500 compounds identified the BCL-XL-selective inhibitor A-1331852 and navitoclax as highly effective against erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. In contrast, these AML subtypes were resistant to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax, which is used clinically in the treatment of AML. Consistently, genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 and RNAi screening data demonstrated the striking essentiality of BCL-XL-encoding BCL2L1 but not BCL2 or MCL1, for the survival of erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemia cell lines. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomics of patient samples with erythroid and megakaryoblastic leukemias identified high BCL2L1 expression compared with other subtypes of AML and other hematological malignancies, where BCL2 and MCL1 were more prominent. BCL-XL inhibition effectively killed blasts in samples from patients with AML with erythroid or megakaryocytic differentiation ex vivo and reduced tumor burden in a mouse erythroleukemia xenograft model. Combining the BCL-XL inhibitor with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib showed synergistic and durable responses in cell lines. Our results suggest targeting BCL-XL as a potential therapy option in erythroid/megakaryoblastic leukemias and highlight an AML subgroup with potentially reduced sensitivity to venetoclax-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Humans
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/therapeutic use
- bcl-X Protein/genetics
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell
- Cell Differentiation
- Apoptosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikki Kuusanmäki
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aino-Maija Leppä
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ida Vänttinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petra Nygren
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jay Klievink
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Bouhlal
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Pölönen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shady Adnan-Awad
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Mancebo-Pérez
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Saad
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juho Miettinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Komal K. Javarappa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Aakko
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tanja Ruokoranta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kim Theilgaard-Mönch
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Hematology and Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara-Kautto
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Keränen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kimmo Porkka
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Krister Wennerberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mika Kontro
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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RNA-regulatory exosome complex suppresses an apoptotic program to confer erythroid progenitor cell survival in vivo. Blood Adv 2022; 7:586-601. [PMID: 36161469 PMCID: PMC9984454 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-regulatory exosome complex (EC) posttranscriptionally and cotranscriptionally processes and degrades RNAs in a context-dependent manner. Although the EC functions in diverse cell types, its contributions to stem and progenitor cell development are not well understood. Previously, we demonstrated that the transcriptional regulator of erythrocyte development, GATA1, represses EC subunit genes, and the EC maintains erythroid progenitors in vitro. To determine if this mechanism operates in vivo, we used the hematopoietic-specific Vav1-Cre and "conditional by inversion" mouse system to ablate Exosc3, encoding an EC structural subunit. Although Exosc3C/C Cre+ embryos developed normally until embryonic day 14.5, Exosc3 ablation was embryonic lethal and severely reduced erythromyeloid progenitor activity. RNA sequencing analysis of Exosc3-ablated burst-forming unit-erythroid revealed elevated transcripts encoding multiple proapoptotic factors, and the mutant erythroid progenitors exhibited increased apoptosis. We propose that the EC controls an ensemble of apoptosis-regulatory RNAs, thereby promoting erythroid progenitor survival and developmental erythropoiesis in vivo.
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5
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Takei H, Coelho-Silva JL, Tavares Leal C, Queiroz Arantes Rocha A, Mantello Bianco T, Welner RS, Mishima Y, Kobayashi IS, Mullally A, Lima K, Machado-Neto JA, Kobayashi SS, Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes L. Suppression of multiple anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins recapitulates the effects of JAK2 inhibitors in JAK2V617F driven myeloproliferative neoplasms. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:597-608. [PMID: 34808021 PMCID: PMC8819353 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of research suggest that Bcl‐xL‐mediated anti‐apoptotic effects may contribute to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms driven by JAK2V617F and serve as therapeutic target. Here, we used a knock‐in JAK2V617F mouse model and confirmed that Bcl‐xL was overexpressed in erythroid progenitors. The myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN)‐induced phenotype in the peripheral blood by conditional knock‐in of JAK2V617F was abrogated by conditional knockout of Bcl2l1, which presented anemia and thrombocytopenia independently of JAK2 mutation status. Mx1‐Cre Jak2V617W/VF/Bcl2l1f/f mice presented persistent splenomegaly as a result of extramedullary hematopoiesis and pro‐apoptotic stimuli in terminally differentiated erythroid progenitors. The pan‐BH3 mimetic inhibitor obatoclax showed superior cytotoxicity in JAK2V617F cell models, and reduced clonogenic capacity in ex vivo assay using Vav‐Cre Jak2V617F bone marrow cells. Both ruxolitinib and obatoclax significantly reduced spleen weights in a murine Jak2V617F MPN model but did not show additive effect. The tumor burden reduction was observed with either ruxolitinib or obatoclax in terminal differentiation stage neoplastic cells but not in myeloid‐erythroid precursors. Therefore, disrupting the BCL2 balance is not sufficient to treat MPN at the stem cell level, but it is certainly an additional option for controlling the critical myeloid expansion of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Takei
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi-shi, Japan
| | - Juan Luiz Coelho-Silva
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Tavares Leal
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Mantello Bianco
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuta Mishima
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ikei S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann Mullally
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keli Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Zhou Q, Yin J, Tan J, Li S, Jiang C, He Y. Up-regulation of PUMA caused the activation of p53 phosphorylation and acetylation, enhancing the interaction between PUMA and Bcl-X and mediating arsenic-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 434:115800. [PMID: 34798143 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid vastly dispersed all over the occupational environments, manifesting multiple adverse health issues related to apoptosis. PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis) is a crucial member of the Bcl-2 protein family and plays a key role in pro-apoptosis. The purpose of this work was to determine whether inorganic arsenic (NaAsO2) and its metabolites influenced the expression of PUMA in vivo and vitro, followed by investigating the mechanisms. RNA was extracted from serum and used to determine the expression of PUMA in vivo. The urine samples performed arsenic speciation analysis. This trial tested three-dose proportions in two cell lines (A549: 20, 40, 60 μM/L; 16HBE: 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 μM/L), respectively. According to the results of qRT-PCR and western blotting, NaAsO2 caused the overexpression of PUMA, not its metabolites. Furthermore, NaAsO2 induced phosphorylation of p53 at Ser315, 376, 392, and Thr55, and acetylation of p53 at K370, 382 with a dose-response relationship, suggesting the contribution of PUMA up-regulation to p53 phosphorylation and acetylation. CCK-8, JC-1 (5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetramethylbenzimi-dazolylcarbocyanine iodide), Hoechst33342/PI and the caspase3 and PARP1 blots were utilized to reveal apoptosis responding to NaAsO2 exposure. The co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that the interaction between PUMA and Bcl-X enhanced in intensity responding to NaAsO2 exposure, disrupting the complexes of Bcl-X with other pro-survival Bcl-2-related proteins. To our knowledge, we first reported that NaAsO2 activated phosphorylation of p53 at Ser315, 376, and Thr55, as well as acetylation of p53 at K370.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jinyao Yin
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chenglan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, No.1168 Chunrongxi Road, Chenggong District, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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7
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Busche S, John K, Wandrer F, Vondran FWR, Lehmann U, Wedemeyer H, Essmann F, Schulze-Osthoff K, Bantel H. BH3-only protein expression determines hepatocellular carcinoma response to sorafenib-based treatment. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:736. [PMID: 34312366 PMCID: PMC8313681 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a global health challenge with limited therapeutic options. Anti-angiogenic immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy has been introduced for progressed HCC, but improves survival only in a subset of HCC patients. Tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as sorafenib represent an alternative treatment option but have only modest efficacy. Using different HCC cell lines and HCC tissues from various patients reflecting HCC heterogeneity, we investigated whether the sorafenib response could be enhanced by combination with pro-apoptotic agents, such as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or the BH3-mimetic ABT-737, which target the death receptor and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis, respectively. We found that both agents could enhance sorafenib-induced cell death which was, however, dependent on specific BH3-only proteins. TRAIL augmented sorafenib-induced cell death only in NOXA-expressing HCC cells, whereas ABT-737 enhanced the sorafenib response also in NOXA-deficient cells. ABT-737, however, failed to augment sorafenib cytotoxicity in the absence of BIM, even when NOXA was strongly expressed. In the presence of NOXA, BIM-deficient HCC cells could be in turn strongly sensitized for cell death induction by the combination of sorafenib with TRAIL. Accordingly, HCC tissues sensitive to apoptosis induction by sorafenib and TRAIL revealed enhanced NOXA expression compared to HCC tissues resistant to this treatment combination. Thus, our results suggest that BH3-only protein expression determines the treatment response of HCC to different sorafenib-based drug combinations. Individual profiling of BH3-only protein expression might therefore assist patient stratification to certain TKI-based HCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Busche
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina John
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Franziska Wandrer
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Essmann
- grid.502798.10000 0004 0561 903XDr. Margarete-Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Chen W, Li J. Alternative splicing of BCL-X and implications for treating hematological malignancies. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:670. [PMID: 34345295 PMCID: PMC8323006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL-X is a member of the BCL-2 family. It regulates apoptosis and plays a critical role in hematological malignancies. It is well-known that >90% of human genes undergo alternative splicing. A total of 10 distinct splicing transcripts of the BCL-X gene have been identified, including transcript variants 1–9 and ABALON. Different transcripts from the same gene have different functions. The present review discusses the progress in understanding the different alternative splicing transcripts of BCL-X, including their characteristics, functions and expression patterns. The potential use of BCL-X in targeted therapies for hematological malignancies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian 361023, P.R. China
| | - Jinggang Li
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
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9
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Turnis ME, Kaminska E, Smith KH, Kartchner BJ, Vogel P, Laxton JD, Ashmun RA, Ney PA, Opferman JT. Requirement for antiapoptotic MCL-1 during early erythropoiesis. Blood 2021; 137:1945-1958. [PMID: 33512417 PMCID: PMC8033457 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although BCL-xL is critical to the survival of mature erythrocytes, it is still unclear whether other antiapoptotic molecules mediate survival during earlier stages of erythropoiesis. Here, we demonstrate that erythroid-specific Mcl1 deletion results in embryonic lethality beyond embryonic day 13.5 as a result of severe anemia caused by a lack of mature red blood cells (RBCs). Mcl1-deleted embryos exhibit stunted growth, ischemic necrosis, and decreased RBCs in the blood. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MCL-1 is only required during early definitive erythropoiesis; during later stages, developing erythrocytes become MCL-1 independent and upregulate the expression of BCL-xL. Functionally, MCL-1 relies upon its ability to prevent apoptosis to promote erythroid development because codeletion of the proapoptotic effectors Bax and Bak can overcome the requirement for MCL-1 expression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of human BCL2 in erythroid progenitors can compensate for Mcl1 deletion, indicating redundancy between these 2 antiapoptotic family members. These data clearly demonstrate a requirement for MCL-1 in promoting survival of early erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Laxton
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and
| | - Richard A Ashmun
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and
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10
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Bohler S, Afreen S, Fernandez-Orth J, Demmerath EM, Molnar C, Wu Y, Weiss JM, Mittapalli VR, Konstantinidis L, Schmal H, Kunze M, Erlacher M. Inhibition of the anti-apoptotic protein MCL-1 severely suppresses human hematopoiesis. Haematologica 2020; 106:3136-3148. [PMID: 33241675 PMCID: PMC8634190 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.252130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BH3-mimetics inhibiting anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins represent a novel and promising class of antitumor drugs. While the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax is already approved by the Food and Drug Administration, BCL-XL and MCL-1 inhibitors are currently in early clinical trials. To predict side effects of therapeutic MCL-1 inhibition on the human hematopoietic system, we used RNA interference and the small molecule inhibitor S63845 on cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. Both approaches resulted in almost complete depletion of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. As a consequence, maturation into the different hematopoietic lineages was severely restricted and CD34+ cells expressing MCL-1 shRNA showed a very limited engraftment potential upon xenotransplantation. In contrast, mature blood cells survived normally in the absence of MCL-1. Combined inhibition of MCL-1 and BCL-XL resulted in synergistic effects with relevant loss of colony-forming hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells already at inhibitor concentrations of 0.1 mM each, indicating “synthetic lethality” of the two BH3- mimetics in the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Bohler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Sehar Afreen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Juncal Fernandez-Orth
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Eva-Maria Demmerath
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Christian Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg
| | - Julia Miriam Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Venugopal Rao Mittapalli
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Lukas Konstantinidis
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
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11
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Role of Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway during Definitive Erythropoiesis in Normal Patients and in Patients with β-Thalassemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093325. [PMID: 32397135 PMCID: PMC7246929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death which has an important role in tissue homeostasis and in the control of organism development. Here, we focus on information concerning the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in the control of human erythropoiesis. We discuss the role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 (FasL), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing (TRAIL) and caspases in normal erythroid maturation. We also attempt to initiate a discussion on the observations that mature erythrocytes contain most components of the receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway. Finally, we point to the role of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in ineffective erythropoiesis of different types of β-thalassemia.
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12
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Afreen S, Bohler S, Müller A, Demmerath EM, Weiss JM, Jutzi JS, Schachtrup K, Kunze M, Erlacher M. BCL-XL expression is essential for human erythropoiesis and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:8. [PMID: 31907357 PMCID: PMC6944703 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins (BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, A1, BCL-W) counteract apoptotic signals emerging during development and under stress conditions, and are thus essential for the survival of every cell. While the “BCL-2 addiction” of different cell types is well described in mouse models, there is only limited information available on the role of different anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in a given human cell type. Here we characterize the role of BCL-XL for survival and function of human hematopoietic cells, with the aim to predict hematological side effects of novel BCL-XL-inhibiting BH3-mimetics and to identify hematological malignancies potentially responsive to such inhibitors. Earlier clinical studies have shown that the combined BCL-2/BCL-XL/BCL-W inhibitor, Navitoclax (ABT-263) induces severe thrombocytopenia caused by direct platelet demise and counteracted by increased megakaryopoiesis. In contrast, murine studies have reported important contribution of BCL-XL to survival of late erythroid cells and megakaryocytes. Using lentiviral knockdown, we show that the roles of BCL-XL for human hematopoietic cells are much more pronounced than expected from murine data and clinical trials. Efficient genetic or chemical BCL-XL inhibition resulted in significant loss of human erythroid cells beginning from very early stages of erythropoiesis, and in a reduction of megakaryocytes. Most importantly, BCL-XL deficient human hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent progenitors were reduced in numbers, and they showed a severely impaired capacity to engraft in mice during xenotransplantation. BCL-XL deficiency was fully compensated by BCL-2 overexpression, however, loss of its antagonist BIM did not result in any rescue of human erythroid or stem and progenitor cells. We thus conclude that novel and specific BCL-XL inhibitors might be efficient to treat malignancies of erythroid or megakaryocytic origin, such as polycythemia vera, acute erythroid leukemia, essential thrombocytosis or acute megakaryocytic leukemia. At the same time, it can be expected that they will have more severe hematological side effects than Navitoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehar Afreen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sheila Bohler
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Müller
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Demmerath
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia Miriam Weiss
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Samuel Jutzi
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Molecular Hematology, Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Kunze
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Erlacher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Macuer-Guzmán J, Bernal G, Jamett-Díaz F, Ramírez-Rivera S, Ibáñez C. Selective and Apoptotic Action of Ethanol Extract of Annona cherimola Seeds against Human Stomach Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cell Line AGS. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:322-327. [PMID: 31154569 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Annona cherimola is a tree belonging to the family Annonacea, whose fruit (cherimoya) is very desirable, but its seeds are considered waste. Present in these seeds are compounds that have been described as selective antiproliferative agents for cancer cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of ethanol macerate extract (EMCHS) obtained from A. cherimola seeds against the human stomach gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line and the normal human gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). The EMCHS extract presented an IC50 of 80.43 μg/mL in AGS cells, and a selectivity index (SI) of 3.5-fold higher than that of cisplatin. In addition, the EMCHS extract showed apoptotic activity in AGS cells since 50 μg/mL. Overxpression of PUMA gene in both cells demonstrate that EMCHS activate the apoptotic route. Future studies should be carried out to elucidate anticancer activity of EMCHS in vivo. This work represents the first showing antiproliferative effects of crude extracts obtained from seeds of A. cherimola in AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Macuer-Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile
| | - Giuliano Bernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Fabiola Jamett-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile
| | - Sebastian Ramírez-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, 1781421, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Cristian Ibáñez
- Laboratorio de Silvogenómica y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raúl Bitrán 1305, Casilla 599, 1700000, La Serena, Chile.
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14
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Boulet C, Doerig CD, Carvalho TG. Manipulating Eryptosis of Human Red Blood Cells: A Novel Antimalarial Strategy? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:419. [PMID: 30560094 PMCID: PMC6284368 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a major global health burden, affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Resistance against all currently available antimalarial drugs is a growing threat, and represents a major and long-standing obstacle to malaria eradication. Like many intracellular pathogens, Plasmodium parasites manipulate host cell signaling pathways, in particular programmed cell death pathways. Interference with apoptotic pathways by malaria parasites is documented in the mosquito and human liver stages of infection, but little is known about this phenomenon in the erythrocytic stages. Although mature erythrocytes have lost all organelles, they display a form of programmed cell death termed eryptosis. Numerous features of eryptosis resemble those of nucleated cell apoptosis, including surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, cell shrinkage and membrane ruffling. Upon invasion, Plasmodium parasites induce significant stress to the host erythrocyte, while delaying the onset of eryptosis. Many eryptotic inducers appear to have a beneficial effect on the course of malaria infection in murine models, but major gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. All currently available antimalarial drugs have parasite-encoded targets, which facilitates the emergence of resistance through selection of mutations that prevent drug-target binding. Identifying host cell factors that play a key role in parasite survival will provide new perspectives for host-directed anti-malarial chemotherapy. This review focuses on the interrelationship between Plasmodium falciparum and the eryptosis of its host erythrocyte. We summarize the current knowledge in this area, highlight the different schools of thoughts and existing gaps in knowledge, and discuss future perspectives for host-directed therapies in the context of antimalarial drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Boulet
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian D Doerig
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa G Carvalho
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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15
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Jafari M, Ghadami E, Dadkhah T, Akhavan-Niaki H. PI3k/AKT signaling pathway: Erythropoiesis and beyond. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2373-2385. [PMID: 30192008 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoiesis is a multi-step process that involves the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature red blood cells (RBCs). This process is regulated by several signaling pathways, transcription factors and microRNAs (miRNAs). Many studies have shown that dysregulation of this process can lead to hematologic disorders. PI3K/AKT is one of the most important pathways that control many cellular processes including, cell division, autophagy, survival, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on the role of PI3K/AKT pathway in erythropoiesis and discuss the function of some of the most important genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs that regulate different stages of erythropoiesis which play roles in differentiation and maturation of RBCs, prevention of apoptosis, and autophagy induction. Understanding the role of the PI3K pathway in erythropoiesis may provide new insights into diagnosing erythrocyte disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjoobeh Jafari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadami
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Tahereh Dadkhah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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16
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Greaves G, Milani M, Butterworth M, Carter RJ, Byrne DP, Eyers PA, Luo X, Cohen GM, Varadarajan S. BH3-only proteins are dispensable for apoptosis induced by pharmacological inhibition of both MCL-1 and BCL-X L. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1037-1047. [PMID: 30185825 PMCID: PMC6748112 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The impressive selectivity and efficacy of BH3 mimetics for treating cancer has largely been limited to BCL-2 dependent hematological malignancies. Most solid tumors depend on other anti-apoptotic proteins, including MCL-1, for survival. The recent description of S63845 as the first specific and potent MCL-1 inhibitor represents an important therapeutic advance, since MCL-1 is not targeted by the currently available BH3 mimetics, Navitoclax or Venetoclax, and is commonly associated with chemoresistance. In this study, we confirm a high binding affinity and selectivity of S63845 to induce apoptosis in MCL-1-dependent cancer cell lines. Furthermore, S63845 synergizes with other BH3 mimetics to induce apoptosis in cell lines derived from both hematological and solid tumors. Although the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members in these cell lines interact with a spectrum of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins to regulate apoptosis, these interactions alone do not explain the relative sensitivities of these cell lines to BH3 mimetic-induced apoptosis. These findings necessitated further investigation into the requirement of BH3-only proteins in BH3 mimetic-mediated apoptosis. Concurrent inhibition of BCL-XL and MCL-1 by BH3 mimetics in colorectal HCT116 cells induced apoptosis in a BAX- but not BAK-dependent manner. Remarkably this apoptosis was independent of all known BH3-only proteins. Although BH3-only proteins were required for apoptosis induced as a result of BCL-XL inhibition, this requirement was overcome when both BCL-XL and MCL-1 were inhibited, implicating distinct mechanisms by which different anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members may regulate apoptosis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Greaves
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Mateus Milani
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Michael Butterworth
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Rachel J Carter
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Dominic P Byrne
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Patrick A Eyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Xu Luo
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Gerald M Cohen
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.,Departments of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Shankar Varadarajan
- Departments of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK. .,Departments of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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17
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Campbell KJ, Tait SWG. Targeting BCL-2 regulated apoptosis in cancer. Open Biol 2018; 8:rsob.180002. [PMID: 29769323 PMCID: PMC5990650 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of a cell to undergo mitochondrial apoptosis is governed by pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family. The equilibrium of pro- versus anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins ensures appropriate regulation of programmed cell death during development and maintains organismal health. When unbalanced, the BCL-2 family can act as a barrier to apoptosis and facilitate tumour development and resistance to cancer therapy. Here we discuss the BCL-2 family, their deregulation in cancer and recent pharmaceutical developments to target specific members of this family as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen J Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
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18
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Anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members in development. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:37-45. [PMID: 29099482 PMCID: PMC5729530 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 30 years ago it was first appreciated that anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) prevents the induction of apoptosis not only in malignant cells, but also in normal cellular lineages. This critical observation has rapidly evolved from merely identifying new BCL-2 family members to understanding how their biochemical interactions trigger the cell death process, and, more recently, to pharmacological inhibition of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 function in disease. Indeed, the proper regulation of apoptosis is important in many aspects of life including development, homeostasis, and disease biology. To better understand these processes, scientists have used many tools to assess the contribution of individual anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. This review will focus on the prominent roles for BCL-2 and other pro-survival family members in promoting the development of mammals during early embryogenesis, neurogenesis, and hematopoiesis.
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