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Kumari S, Singh P, Singh R. Repeated Silica exposures lead to Silicosis severity via PINK1/PARKIN mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in mice model. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111272. [PMID: 38944258 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Silicosis, one of the occupational health illnesses is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica. Deposition of extracellular matrix and fibroblast proliferation in lungs are linked to silicosis development. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays critical role in some diseases, but how these processes progress and regulated in silicosis, remains limited. Detailed study of silica induced pulmonary fibrosis in mouse model, its progression and severity may be helpful in designing future therapeutic strategies. METHODS In present study, mice model of silicosis has been developed after repeated silica exposures which may closely resemble clinical symptoms of silicosis in human. In addition to efficiently mimicking the acute/chronic transformation processes of silicosis, this is practical and efficient in terms of time and output, which avoids mechanical injury to the upper respiratory tract due to surgical interventions. Sonicated sterile silica suspension (120 mg/kg) was administered through intranasal route thrice a week at regular intervals (21, 28 and 35 days). RESULTS Presence of minute to larger silicotic nodules in H&E-stained lung sections were observed in all silica induced model groups. Enhanced ECM deposition was noted in MT stained lung sections of silica exposure groups as compared to control which were confirmed by significantly higher MMP9 expression levels and hydroxyproline content in silica 35 days group. Increase in Reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell recruitment mainly, neutrophils and macrophage were observed in all three silica exposure groups. Transmission electron microscopic analysis has confirmed presence of many aberrant shaped mitochondria (swollen, round shape) in 35 days model where autophagosomes were minimum. Western blot analysis of mitophagy and autophagy markers such as Pink1, Parkin, Cytochrome c, SQSTM1/p62, the ratio of light chain LC3B II/LC3B I was found higher in 21 and 28 days which were significantly reduced in 35 days silica model. CONCLUSIONS Higher MMP9 activity and MMP9 /TIMP1 ratio demonstrate excessive extracellular matrix damage and deposition in 35 days model. Significantly reduced expressions of autophagy and mitophagy markers have also confirmed progression in fibrosis severity and its association with repeated silica exposures in 35 days model group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Shinde A, Shannahan J. Inhalation exposure-induced toxicity and disease mediated via mTOR dysregulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10135. [PMID: 38711460 PMCID: PMC11070522 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a global health concern, associated with multiple respiratory and systemic diseases. Epidemiological supports continued urbanization and industrialization increasing the prevalence of inhalation exposures. Exposure to these inhaled pollutants induces toxicity via activation of numerous cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, autophagy, disrupted cellular metabolism, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and others contributing to disease development. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator involved in various cellular processes related to the modulation of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis. Dysregulation of mTOR occurs following inhalation exposures and has also been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, mTOR plays a fundamental role in protein transcription and translation involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is necessary to understand inhalation exposure-induced dysregulation of mTOR since it is key regulator which may contribute to numerous disease processes. This mini review evaluates the available literature regarding several types of inhalation exposure and their impacts on mTOR signaling. Particularly we focus on the mTOR signaling pathway related outcomes of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of dysregulated mTOR pathway in exposure-induced diseases. Throughout this mini review, current gaps will be identified related to exposure-induced mTOR dysregulation which may enable the targeting of mTOR signaling for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Gong H, Lyu X, Liu Y, Peng N, Tan S, Dong L, Zhang X. Eupatilin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR dependent autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2023; 334:122218. [PMID: 37918625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease with poor clinical outcomes and ineffective drug treatment options. Eupatilin is a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Notably, it was demonstrated to have an anti-fibrosis effect in endometrial fibrosis, vocal fold, and hepatic fibrosis. Its role and mechanism in IPF remain unclear. METHODS This study used the TGF-β1-induced human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) activation, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real time-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of eupatilin on fibroblast activation, pulmonary fibrosis, and autophagy. The autophagosomes were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was used to determine the signaling pathway and key regulator related to autophagy. RESULTS Eupatilin significantly decreased the expression of Col1A1, fibronectin, α-SMA, and SQSTM1/p62. In contrast, it increased the expression of LC3B II/I and the number of autophagosomes in TGF-β1 treated MRC-5, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model; it also alleviated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The KEGG pathway mapping displayed that PI3K/Akt and Sestrin2 were associated with the enhanced fibrogenic process. Eupatilin suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Akt activator SC-79 abrogated the anti-fibrotic effect of eupatilin. Sestrin2 expression was also downregulated in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and lung tissues of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model. Furthermore, eupatilin promoted Sestrin2 expression, and the knockdown of Sestrin2 significantly aggravated the degree of fibrosis, increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and decreased autophagy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that eupatilin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Naling Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Jiang R, Zhou Y, Gao Q, Han L, Hong Z. ZC3H4 governs epithelial cell migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 pathway in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104301. [PMID: 37866415 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased epithelial migration capacity is a key step accompanying epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our lab has described that ZC3H4 mediated EMT in silicosis. Here, we aimed to explore the mechanisms of ZC3H4 by which to stimulate epithelial cell migration. METHODS Silicon dioxide (SiO2)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) animal models were administered by intratracheal instillation in C57BL/6 J mice. Pathological analysis and 2D migration assay were established to uncover the pulmonary fibrotic lesions and epithelial cell migration, respectively. Inhibitors targeting ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 and CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids targeting ZC3H4 were administrated to explore the signaling pathways. RESULTS 1) SiO2 upregulated epithelial migration in pulmonary fibrotic lesions. 2) ZC3H4 modulated SiO2-induced epithelial migration. 3) ZC3H4 governed epithelial migration through ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS ZC3H4 regulates epithelial migration through the ROCK/p-PYK2/p-MLC2 signaling pathway, providing the possibility that molecular drugs targeting ZC3H4-overexpression may exert effects on pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhou
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Changzhou Wujin District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Occupation Disease Prevention and Cure, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhen Hong
- Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Wu T, Wu S, Jiao H, Feng J, Zeng X. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001861 inhibits pulmonary fibrosis through targeting miR-296-5p/BCL-2 binding component 3 axis. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3839. [PMID: 37781863 PMCID: PMC10614724 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder. Evidence has shown that hsa_circular (circ)RNA_0001861 is dysregulated in pulmonary fibrosis. However, the detailed function of hsa_circRNA_0001861 in pulmonary fibrosis remains unexplored. To investigate the function of hsa_circRNA_0001861 in pulmonary fibrosis, human pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro were used, and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining were performed to assess cell viability and proliferation, respectively. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to evaluate protein and mRNA levels. Meanwhile, the relationship among hsa_circRNA_0001861, miR-296-5p and BCL-2 binding component 3 (BBC3) was investigated by RNA pull-down assays. Furthermore, an in vivo model of lung fibrosis was constructed to assess the function of hsa_circRNA_0001861 in lung fibrosis. The data revealed that TGF‑β1 significantly increased the proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts, while this phenomenon was markedly abolished by hsa_circRNA_0001861 overexpression. hsa_circRNA_0001861 overexpression markedly inhibited TGF‑β1‑induced fibrosis in pulmonary fibroblasts through the mediation of α-smooth muscle actin, E-cadherin, collagen III and fibronectin 1. Meanwhile, hsa_circRNA_0001861 could bind with miR-296-5p, and BBC3 was identified to be the downstream mRNA of miR-296-5p. In addition, the upregulation of hsa_circRNA_0001861 clearly reversed TGF‑β1‑induced fibrosis and proliferation in pulmonary fibroblasts through the upregulation of BBC3. Furthermore, hsa_circRNA_0001861 upregulation markedly alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Hsa_circRNA_0001861 upregulation attenuated pulmonary fibrosis by modulating the miR-296-5p/BBC3 axis. Hence, the present study may provide some insights for the discovery of new methods against pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan.
| | - Shikui Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan.
| | - Hailu Jiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan.
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan.
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Provincial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan.
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Ou L, Zhang P, Huang Z, Cheng Y, Miao Q, Niu R, Hu Y, Chen Y. Targeting STING-mediated pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects of alveolar macrophages and fibroblasts blunts silicosis caused by silica particles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131907. [PMID: 37379600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Silica is utilized extensively in industrial and commercial applications as a chemical raw material, increasing its exposure and hazardous potential to populations, with silicosis serving as an important representative. Silicosis is characterized by persistent lung inflammation and fibrosis, for which the underlying pathogenesis of silicosis is unclear. Studies have shown that the stimulating interferon gene (STING) participates in various inflammatory and fibrotic lesions. Therefore, we speculated that STING might also play a key role in silicosis. Here we found that silica particles drove the double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) release to activate the STING signal pathway, contributing to alveolar macrophages (AMs) polarization by secreting diverse cytokines. Then, multiple cytokines could generate a micro-environment to exacerbate inflammation and promote the activation of lung fibroblasts, hastening fibrosis. Intriguingly, STING was also crucial for the fibrotic effects induced by lung fibroblasts. Loss of STING could effectively inhibit silica particles-induced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic effects by regulating macrophages polarization and lung fibroblasts activation to alleviate silicosis. Collectively, our results have revealed a novel pathogenesis of silica particles-caused silicosis mediated by the STING signal pathway, indicating that STING may be regarded as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zhengpeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuxing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qianru Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ru Niu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Experimental Teaching Center, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110122, China; Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
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DU Y, Huang F, Guan L, Zeng M. Role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-mediated macrophage autophagy in affecting the phenotype transformation of lung fibroblasts induced by silica dust exposure. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:1152-1162. [PMID: 37875355 PMCID: PMC10930851 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is one of the main signaling pathways related to autophagy. Autophagy plays a key role in the formation of silicosis fibrosis. The phenotypic transformation of lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is a hallmark of the transition from the inflammatory phase to the fibrotic phase in silicosis. This study aims to investigate whether the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway affects the phenotypic transformation of silicosis-induced lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts via mediating macrophage autophagy. METHODS The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 cells were differentiated into macrophages by treating with 100 ng/mL of phorbol ester for 24 h. Macrophages were exposed to different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) and different times (0, 6, 12, 24, 48 h) of SiO2 dust suspension. The survival rate of macrophages was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the contents of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cell supernatant. The co-culture system of macrophages and HFL-1 cells was established by transwell. A blank control group, a SiO2 group, a LY294002 group, a SC79 group, a LY294002+SiO2 group, and a SC79+SiO2 group were set up in this experiment. Macrophages in the LY294002+SiO2 group were pretreated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) for 18 hours, and macrophages in the SC79+SiO2 group were pretreated with SC79 (Akt activator) for 24 hours, and then exposed to SiO2 (100 μg/mL) dust suspension for 12 hours. The expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) protein in macrophages was detected by the immunofluorescence method. The protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, mTOR, Beclin-1, LC3 in macrophages, and collagen III (Col III), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin (FN), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in HFL-1 cells were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS After the macrophages were exposed to SiO2 dust suspension of different concentrations for 12 h, the survival rates of macrophages were gradually decreased with the increase of SiO2 concentration. Compared with the 0 μg/mL group, the survival rates of macrophages in the 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL groups were significantly decreased, and the concentrations of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were obviously increased (all P<0.05). When 100 μg/mL SiO2 dust suspension was applied to macrophages, the survival rates of macrophages were decreased with the prolonged exposure time. Compared with the 0 h group, the survival rates of macrophages were significantly decreased (all P<0.05), the concentrations of TGF-β1 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were significantly increased, and the protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3II were increased markedly in the 6, 12, 24, and 48 h groups (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results demonstrated that after exposure to SiO2 (100 μg/mL) dust for 12 h, LC3 exhibited punctate aggregation and significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to the blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were up-regulated in the SiO2 group (all P<0.05). Compared with the SiO2 group, the protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were down-regulated and the protein expressions of LC3II and Beclin-1 were up-regulated in macrophages (all P<0.05), the contents of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the cell supernatant were decreased (both P<0.01), and the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were down-regulated (all P<0.05) in the LY294002+SiO2 group. Compared with the SiO2 group, the protein expressions of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR were up-regulated and the protein expressions of LC3II and Beclin-1 were down-regulated in macrophages (all P<0.05), the contents of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in the cell supernatant were increased (both P<0.01), and the protein expressions of Col III, FN, α-SMA, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 in HFL-1 cells were up-regulated (all P<0.05) in the SC79+SiO2 group. CONCLUSIONS Silica dust exposure inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, increases autophagy and concentration of inflammatory factors in macrophages, and promotes the phenotype transformation of HFL-1 cells into myofibroblasts. The regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway can affect the autophagy induction and the concentration of inflammatory factors of macrophages by silica dust exposure, and then affect the phenotype transformation of HFL-1 cells into myofibroblasts induced by silica dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue DU
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China.
| | - Fangcai Huang
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China.
| | - Lan Guan
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Health Toxicology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China.
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Li K, Liu X, Hou R, Zhao H, Zhao P, Tian Y, Li J. Uncovering mechanisms of Baojin Chenfei formula treatment for silicosis by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115082. [PMID: 37257350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baojin Chenfei formula (BCF), a Chinese herbal formula, has significant effects on improving the clinical symptoms of patients with silicosis. However, its active compounds and the underlying mechanisms have not yet fully been elucidated. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis. METHODS The rat model of silicosis was developed via a single intratracheal instillation of SiO2 suspension to examine the therapeutic impacts of BCF on silicosis. Subsequently, the active compounds, targets, and mechanisms of BCF were analyzed based on serum pharmacochemistry and network analysis. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of representative compounds of BCF were validated in vitro experiments. RESULTS BCF significantly alleviated SiO2-induced silicosis in rats, evidenced by improved lung function, decreased pathological injury, and reduced inflammatory response and fibrosis. 19 active compounds were identified from the rat serum samples after BCF gavage. Subsequently, 299 targets for these 19 compounds in BCF and 257 genes related to silicosis were collected. 26 overlapping targets, including AKT1, TNF, IL6, MAPK3, EGFR, and others, were obtained from the intersection of the 299 BCF-related targets and 257 silicosis-associated genes. These overlapping targets mainly corresponded to glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin and were mainly associated with positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation, positive regulation of MAP kinase activity, and inflammatory response. In vitro experiments also demonstrated that the representative compounds of BCF (glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin) could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway, and also inhibited fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Active compounds of BCF, such as glycyrrhetic acid and paeoniflorin, could suppress inflammatory response by the MAPK pathway and suppress fibroblast activation by the EGFR-PI3K-AKT pathway. These might be the mechanisms of BCF in treating silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangchen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Runsu Hou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Hulei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yange Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed by Henan Province & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China; Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Liu S, Fang X, Zhu R, Zhang J, Wang H, Lei J, Wang C, Wang L, Zhan L. Role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152336. [PMID: 37266445 PMCID: PMC10231642 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the prime causes of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients, are usually treated by general supportive treatments. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ER-phagy) maintains cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments and misfolded proteins. ER-phagy is crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis and improving the internal environment. ER-phagy has a particular role in some aspects, such as immunity, inflammation, cell death, pathogen infection, and collagen quality. In this review, we summarized the definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS and described the regulatory mechanisms and functions of ER-phagy as well as discussed the potential role of ER-phagy in ALI/ARDS from the perspectives of immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, pathogen infection, and fibrosis to provide a novel and effective target for improving the prognosis of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruiyao Zhu
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxi Lei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Macrophage-derived GPNMB trapped by fibrotic extracellular matrix promotes pulmonary fibrosis. Commun Biol 2023; 6:136. [PMID: 36732560 PMCID: PMC9893197 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a form of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic inflammation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. However, the protein changes in fibrotic ECM during PF and their contribution to fibrosis progression are unclear. Here we show that changes in expression of ECM components and ECM remodeling had occurred in silica-instilled mice. The macrophage-derived glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) captured by fibrotic ECM may activate resident normal fibroblasts around the fibrotic foci. Functional experiments demonstrated the activation of fibroblasts in fibrotic ECM, which was alleviated by GPNMB-neutralizing antibodies or macrophage deletion in the ECM of silica-instilled mice. Moreover, the Serpinb2 expression level was increased in fibroblasts in fibrotic ECM, and the expression of CD44 was increased in silica-instilled mice. In conclusion, macrophage-derived GPNMB is trapped by fibrotic ECM during transport and may activate fibroblasts via the CD44/Serpinb2 pathway, thus leading to the further development of fibrosis.
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11
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ZC3H4 regulates infiltrating monocytes, attenuating pulmonary fibrosis through IL-10. Respir Res 2022; 23:204. [PMID: 35962397 PMCID: PMC9375388 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a pulmonary fibrosis-associated disease caused by the inhalation of large amounts of free silicon dioxide (SiO2) that mainly manifests as early inflammation and late pulmonary fibrosis. As macrophage precursors, monocytes accumulate in the lung during early inflammation, but their role in the development of silicosis is unclear. Single-cell sequencing (cell numbers = 25,002), Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and cell functional experiments were used to explore the specific effects of monocytes on fibroblasts. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to specifically knock down ZC3H4, a novel member of the CCCH zinc finger protein family, and was combined with pharmacological methods to explore the mechanism by which ZC3H4 affects chemokine and cytokine secretion. The results indicated that (1) SiO2 induced an infiltrating phenotype in monocytes; (2) infiltrating monocytes inhibited the activation, viability and migration of fibroblasts by regulating IL-10 but not IL-8; and (3) SiO2 downregulated IL-10 via ZC3H4-induced autophagy. This study revealed that ZC3H4 regulated the secretion function of monocytes, which, in turn, inhibited fibroblast function in early inflammation through autophagy signaling, thereby reducing pulmonary fibrosis. These findings provide a new idea for the clinical treatment of silicosis.
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12
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Kumari S, Singh R. Protective effects of intranasal curcumin on silica-induced lung damage. Cytokine 2022; 157:155949. [PMID: 35764024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Being anti-inflammatory and an antioxidant in nature, curcumin has been studied for its anti-asthmatic effects, but its impact on silicosis has not been investigated before. It is a form of occupational lung illness caused by inhaling crystalline silica. It is particularly common among those who work in construction-related sectors. Therefore, present study has been undertaken to investigate impact of intranasal curcumin on silica induced lung damage in mice model of silicosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice model of silicosis was developed by intranasal silica instillation (2.5 mg/mice) for different durations mainly 7, 14 and 21 days, where the longest duration of silica exposure (21 days) mimics chronic occupational exposure of silica dust leading to silicosis. Curcumin (5 mg/kg,i.n) and /or dexamethasone, a known corticosteroid (10 mg/kg,i.p) was administered an hour prior to silica administration. RESULTS Present study revealed silica induced lung damage in the mice model of silicosis characterized by airway inflammation, collagen deposition and enhanced expression of fibrosis markers (MMP-9, α-SMA, Hydroxyproline), which were significantly reduced in curcumin treatment groups. Inhibitory effects of curcumin were compared with standard drug, dexamethasone, a corticosteroid and was found better in protecting structural alterations in the lung. Damaged and abnormal mitochondria (enlarged and irregular shapes) were observed in silicosis group which were reduced in curcumin and dexamethasone treatment groups as revealed in transmission electron microscopic studies. CONCLUSIONS Present study shows protective effects of intranasal curcumin on silica-induced airway inflammation and structural changes thereby lung damage. Hence, it can be considered as an alternative and complementary medication for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Kumari
- Department of Zoology, MMV Unit, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV Unit, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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13
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He YQ, Qiao YL, Xu S, Jiao WE, Yang R, Kong YG, Tao ZZ, Chen SM. Allergen induces CD11c+ dendritic cell autophagy to aggravate allergic rhinitis through promoting immune imbalance. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Yang M, Yin E, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li T, Dong Z, Tai W. CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 expression alleviates idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by functioning as a competing endogenouse RNA through the miR-199a-5p/Sestrin-2 axis. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7746-7759. [PMID: 35291918 PMCID: PMC9208479 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2044252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an idiopathic interstitial lung disease. At present, the pathogenesis of IPF has not been fully elucidated, which has affected the development of effective treatment methods. Here, we explored the function and potential mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CDKN2B antisense RNA 1 (CDKN2B-AS1) in IPF.Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bleomycin (BLM) were used to induce IPF in cells and animal models. Real Time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) showed the expression of CDKN2B-AS1, miR-199a-5p and Sestrin-2 (SESN2) in cells and tissues. The double luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed the targeting relationship among CDKN2B-AS1, miR-199a-5p, and SESN2. Related protein levels were detected by Western blot combined with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and flow cytometry to analyze cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The pathological characteristics of mouse lung tissue were determined by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson staining. We found that the expression of CDKN2B-AS1 was decreased in TGF-β-treated cells and BLM-treated mice. Overexpression of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, promoted apoptosis, decreased the expression of fibrosis-related proteins and promoted autophagy. In addition, overexpression of CDKN2B-AS1 alleviated pulmonary fibrosis in BLM-treated mice. Mechanistically, CDKN2B-AS1 acts as a miR-199a-5p sponge to regulate SESN2 expression. Our results indicate the importance of the CDKN2B-AS1/miR-199a-5p/SESN2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Respiration, The Sencond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Egao Yin
- Department of Respiration, The Sencond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiheng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, the Sencond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Sencond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiration, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Respiration, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoxing Dong
- Department of Respiration, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Respiration, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenlin Tai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Molecular Diagnostic Center, the Sencond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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15
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Yin J, Wang J, Zhang X, Liao Y, Luo W, Wang S, Ding J, Huang J, Chen M, Wang W, Fang S, Chao J. A missing piece of the puzzle in pulmonary fibrosis: anoikis resistance promotes fibroblast activation. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:21. [PMID: 35216634 PMCID: PMC8881884 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis initiates a pneumonic cascade that leads to fibroblast dysfunction characterized by excess proliferation. Anoikis is a physiological process that ensures tissue development and homeostasis. Researchers have not clearly determined whether disruption of anoikis is involved in pulmonary fibrosis. Results Here, we investigated the mechanism by which silica induces fibroblast activation via anoikis resistance and subsequent fibrosis. Anoikis of lung fibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells during the process of fibrosis was detected using CCK-8, western blot, cell count and flow cytometry (FCM) assays. Although the three cell types showed similar increases in proliferation, the expression of NTRK2, a marker of anoikis resistance, was upregulated specifically in fibroblasts, indicating the unique proliferation mechanism of fibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis, which may be related to anoikis resistance. Furthermore, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of anoikis resistance; the SiO2-induced inflammatory response activated the MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway in lung fibroblasts and then induced the expression of the ZC3H4 protein, which specifically mediated anoikis resistance, followed by pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions The current study revealed a specific pattern of fibroblast proliferation, and strategies targeting anoikis resistance may inhibit the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis. This result provides a new approach for treating pulmonary fibrosis and new insights into the potential application of ZC3H4 in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00761-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shencun Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, #87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China. .,School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, 712082, Shanxi, China.
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16
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Qian W, Han L, Li W, Duan W, Wu Z, Wang Z, Ma Q. Arl4c promotes the growth and drug resistance of pancreatic cancer by regulating tumor-stromal interactions. iScience 2021; 24:103400. [PMID: 34849465 PMCID: PMC8609020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that ADP-ribosylation factor like-4c (Arl4c) may be a potential choice for cancer treatment. However, its role in pancreatic cancer, especially in tumor-stroma interactions and drug resistance, is still unknown. In the current study, we examined the proliferation and drug resistance effect of Arl4c on pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we explored the contribution of Arl4c high expression in pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. We found that high Arl4c expression is associated with cell proliferation, drug resistance, and PSC activation. In detail, Arl4c regulates connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) paracrine, further induces autophagic flux in PSCs, resulting in PSC activation. TGFβ1 secreted by activated PSCs enhances cancer cell stem cell properties via smad2 signaling, further increasing cell drug resistance. YAP is an important mediator of the Arl4c-CTGF loop. Taken together, these results suggest that Arl4c is essential for pancreatic cancer progression and may be an effective therapeutic choice. High Arl4c expression is correlated with PSCs activation and drug resistance Yap-CTGF-mediated autophagy is required for Arl4c-related PSCs activation Paracrine TGFβ1 of PSCs plays pivotal role in drug resistance of pancreatic cancer cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yanzhen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Weikun Qian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wanxing Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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17
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Melo EM, Oliveira VLS, Boff D, Galvão I. Pulmonary macrophages and their different roles in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 141:106095. [PMID: 34653619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of myeloid cells with phenotype and function modulated according to the microenvironment in which they are found. The lung resident macrophages known as Alveolar Macrophages (AM) and Interstitial Macrophages (IM) are localized in two different compartments. During lung homeostasis, macrophages can remove inhaled particulates, cellular debris and contribute to some metabolic processes. Macrophages may assume a pro-inflammatory phenotype after being classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory when being alternatively activated (M2). M1 and M2 have different transcription profiles and act by eliminating bacteria, viruses and fungi from the host or repairing the damage triggered by inflammation, respectively. Nevertheless, macrophages also may contribute to lung damage during persistent inflammation or continuous exposure to antigens. In this review, we discuss the origin and function of pulmonary macrophages in the context of homeostasis, infectious and non-infectious lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Mathias Melo
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vivian Louise Soares Oliveira
- Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daiane Boff
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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18
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process where long-lived and damaged organelles are degraded. Autophagy has been widely associated with several ageing-process as well in diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancer and fibrosis, and is now being utilised as a target in these diseases. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, interstitial lung disease with limited treatment options available. It is characterised by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by activated myofibroblasts. It is understood that repetitive micro-injuries to aged-alveolar epithelium combined with genetic factors drive the disease. Several groups have demonstrated that autophagy is altered in IPF although whether autophagy has a protective effect or not is yet to be determined. Autophagy has also been shown to influence many other processes including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) which are known to be key in the pathogenesis of IPF. In this review, we summarise the findings of evidence of altered autophagy in IPF lungs, as well as examine its roles within lung fibrosis. Given these findings, together with the growing use of autophagy manipulation in a clinical setting, this is an exciting area for further research in the study of lung fibrosis.
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19
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OZTAN O, TÜRKSOY VA, DENİZ S, COŞKUN BEYAN A, İRİTAŞ SB, ERCAN M, TUTKUN E. Silicosis and methylated arginines/L-arginines: case-control adapted a cross-sectional design. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.982776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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20
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Zhao Y, Xu G, Li H, Chang M, Xiong C, Tao Y, Guan Y, Li Y, Yao S. Genome-wide mRNA profiling identifies the NRF2-regulated lymphocyte oxidative stress status in patients with silicosis. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:40. [PMID: 34517882 PMCID: PMC8436508 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunomodulatory abnormalities of silicosis are related to the lymphocyte oxidative stress state. The potential effect of antioxidant therapy on silicosis may depend on the variation in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-regulated antioxidant genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As NRF2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, its possible roles and underlying mechanism in the treatment of silicosis need to be clarified. METHODS Ninety-two male patients with silicosis and 87 male healthy volunteers were randomly selected. PBMCs were isolated from fresh blood from patients with silicosis and healthy controls. The lymphocyte oxidative stress state was investigated by evaluating NRF2 expression and NRF2-dependent antioxidative genes in PBMCs from patients with silicosis. Key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways were identified utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics technology. Gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify the differences in NRF2 signaling networks between patients with silicosis and healthy controls. RESULTS The number of monocytes was significantly higher in patients with silicosis than that of healthy controls. Furthermore, RNA-Seq findings were confirmed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and revealed that NRF2-regulated DEGs were associated with glutathione metabolism, transforming growth factor-β, and the extracellular matrix receptor interaction signaling pathway in PBMCs from patients with silicosis. The top 10 hub genes were identified by PPI analysis: SMAD2, MAPK3, THBS1, SMAD3, ITGB3, integrin alpha-V (ITGAV), von Willebrand factor (VWF), BMP4, CD44, and SMAD7. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that NRF2 signaling regulates the lymphocyte oxidative stress state and may contribute to fibrogenic responses in human PBMCs. Therefore, NRF2 might serve as a novel preventive and therapeutic candidate for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangcui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyu Chang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Xiong
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Tao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei Province, 063009, People's Republic of China. .,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhou M, Xue C, Fan Y, Wu N, Ma J, Ye Q. Plasma Metabolic Profiling in Patients With Silicosis and Asbestosis. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 63:787-793. [PMID: 33883533 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the circulating metabolites and related pathways in silicosis and asbestosis exposure to different mineral dust. METHODS Plasma of 30 silicosis, 30 asbestosis, and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Metabolic networks and the relevance of the identified metabolic derangements were explored. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, 37 and 39 dysregulated plasma metabolites were found in silicosis and asbestosis, respectively, of which the levels of 22 metabolites differed. Three major pathways were identified, among which arginine and proline metabolism was identified as the most closely related metabolic pathway. CONCLUSIONS The types and quantities of up-regulated metabolites including lipids, amino acids, and carnitines differed between silicosis and asbestosis. Pathways inducing lung fibrosis were common to mineral dust exposure, while pathways related to oxidative stress and tumorigenesis differed between silicosis and asbestosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing 100020, China (Zhou, Xue, Fan, Wu, Ma, Ye), Department of Occupational Diseases and Chemical Poisoning, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, the Affiliated Infectious Hospital of Soochow University, 10 Guangqian Road, Xiang-Cheng District, Suzhou 215131, Jiangsu Province, China (Zhou)
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22
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Li SX, Li C, Pang XR, Zhang J, Yu GC, Yeo AJ, Lavin MF, Shao H, Jia Q, Peng C. Metformin Attenuates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Activating Autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719589. [PMID: 34434111 PMCID: PMC8381252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exposure to crystalline silica particles leads to silicosis characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis in the lung. So far, there is no specific treatment to cure the disease other than supportive care. In this study, we examined the effects of metformin, a prescribed drug for type || diabetes on silicosis and explored the possible mechanisms in an established rat silicosis model in vivo, and an in vitro co-cultured model containing human macrophages cells (THP-1) and human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). Our results showed that metformin significantly alleviated the inflammation and fibrosis of lung tissues of rats exposed to silica particles. Metformin significantly reduced silica particle-induced inflammatory cytokines including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in rat lung tissue and HBEC culture supernatant. The protein levels of Vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly decreased by metfomin while expression level of E-cadherin (E-Cad) increased. Besides, metformin increased the expression levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), microtubule-associated protein (MAP) light chain 3B (LC3B) and Beclin1 proteins, and reduced levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and p62 proteins in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that metformin could inhibit silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activating autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Ru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gong-Chang Yu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hua Shao
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Jia
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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The Mechanism and Effect of Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis on the Progression of Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158110. [PMID: 34360876 PMCID: PMC8348676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis remains one of the most severe pulmonary fibrotic diseases worldwide, caused by chronic exposure to silica dust. In this review, we have proposed that programmed cell death (PCD), including autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, is closely associated with silicosis progression. Furthermore, some autophagy, apoptosis, or pyroptosis-related signaling pathways or regulatory proteins have also been summarized to contribute greatly to the formation and development of silicosis. In addition, silicosis pathogenesis depends on the crosstalk among these three ways of PCD to a certain extent. In summary, more profound research on these mechanisms and effects may be expected to become promising targets for intervention or therapeutic methods of silicosis in the future.
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24
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Li N, Shi F, Wang X, Yang P, Sun K, Zhang L, Hao X, Li X, Li J, Jin Y. Silica dust exposure induces pulmonary fibrosis through autophagy signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1269-1277. [PMID: 33720480 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis is a well-acknowledged occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of a large amount of free silica dust during the production period and eventually a considerable negative impact on the patients' quality of life. Autophagy exerts a critical influence on immune and inflammatory responses during the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we sought to determine whether autophagy is involved in silicosis's pathogenesis and how it may affect pulmonary cellular physiology. In the animal experiments, we found persistent activation of autophagy in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which was also accompanied by tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor expression increased. Therefore, the autophagy signaling pathway may regulate the inflammatory response and affect the progression of fibrosis. Further, in vitro experiments, we used LY294002, RAPA, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intervened autophagy. Our results showed that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the autophagy changed mediated by SiO2 exposed, and autophagy might play a protective role in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, NAC's effect is not apparent on SiO2 -mediated autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but it can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO2-exposed. Nevertheless, it's interesting that NAC can reduce the inflammatory response on NR8383 cells mediated by SiO2 -exposed. Taken together, our data demonstrated that SiO2 -exposed can induce pulmonary fibrosis along with autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, NAC could alleviate the inflammatory response NR8383 cells by SiO2 -exposed through non PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and the specific mechanism of its action needs further studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Health and Family Planning Enforcement Bureau, Baotou, China
| | - Pan Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Kun Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Hao
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science of Technology, Tangshan, China
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25
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Xie Y, Ma J, Yang M, Fan L, Chen W. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and silicosis. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:487-494. [PMID: 34141162 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a scarring lung disease caused by inhaling fine particles of crystalline silica in the workplace of many industries. Due to the lack of effective treatment and management, the continued high incidence of silicosis remains a major public health concern worldwide, especially in the developing countries. Till now, related molecular mechanisms underlying silicosis are still not completely understood. Multiple pathways have been reported to be participated in the pathological process of silicosis, and more complex signaling pathways are receiving attention. The activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway has been recognized to control some functions in the cell. Recent studies have identified that the ERK signaling pathway contributes to the formation and development of silicosis through regulating the processes of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, autophagy, and apoptosis of cells. In this review article, we summarize the latest findings on the role of ERK signaling pathway in silica-induced experimental models of silicosis, as well as clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xie
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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26
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Xue C, Wu N, Fan Y, Ma J, Ye Q. Distinct metabolic features in the plasma of patients with silicosis and dust-exposed workers in China: a case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:91. [PMID: 33731064 PMCID: PMC7971960 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silicosis is a progressive pneumoconiosis characterized by interstitial fibrosis following exposure to silica dust. The role of metabolic dysregulation in the pathogenesis of silicosis has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to identify different metabolic features in the plasma of patients with silicosis and dust-exposed workers without silicosis in metabolomics studies. METHODS Patients with silicosis, dust-exposed workers (DEWs) without silicosis and age-matched healthy controls were recruited in a case-control study. The metabolomics analyses by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted. Distinct metabolic features (DMFs) were identified in the pilot study and were validated in the validation study. The enriched signalling pathways of these DMFs were determined. The ability of DMFs to discriminate among the groups was analysed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlations between DMFs and clinical features were also explored. RESULTS Twenty-nine DMFs and 9 DMFs were detected and had the same trend in the pilot study and the validation study in the plasma of the DEW and silicosis groups, respectively. Sphingolipid metabolism was the major metabolic pathway in the DEWs, and arginine and proline metabolism was associated with silicosis. Twenty DMFs in the DEWs and 3 DMFs in the patients with silicosis showed a discriminatory ability with ROC curve analysis. The abundance of kynurenine was higher in Stage III silicosis than in Stage I or Stage II silicosis. L-arginine and kynurenine were both negatively correlated with the percentage of forced vital capacity predicted in silicosis. CONCLUSIONS Distinct metabolic features in the plasma of DEWs and the patients with silicosis were found to be different. Sphingolipid metabolism and arginine and proline metabolism were identified as the major metabolic pathway in the DEW and silicosis groups, respectively. L-arginine and kynurenine were correlated with the severity of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yali Fan
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 Workers' Stadium South Road, Chao-Yang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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27
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Huang J, Huang J, Ning X, Luo W, Chen M, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Chao J. CT/NIRF dual-modal imaging tracking and therapeutic efficacy of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells labeled with Au nanoparticles in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:1713-1727. [PMID: 32022096 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02652e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Efficient tracking of MSCs is an urgent clinical need that will help us to understand their behavior after transplantation and allow adjustment of therapeutic strategies. However, no clinically approved tracers are currently available, which limits the clinical translation of stem cell therapy. In this study, a nanoparticle (NP) for computed tomography (CT)/fluorescence dual-modal imaging, Au@Albumin@ICG@PLL (AA@ICG@PLL), was developed to track bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) that were administered intratracheally into mice with silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which facilitated understanding of the therapeutic effect and the possible molecular mechanism of stem cell therapy. The AuNPs were first formed in bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and modified with indocyanine green (ICG), and subsequently coated with a poly-l-lysine (PLL) layer to enhance intracellular uptake and biocompatibility. BMSCs were labeled with AA@ICG@PLL NPs with high efficiency without an effect on biological function or therapeutic capacity. The injected AA@ICG@PLL-labeled BMSCs could be tracked via CT and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging for up to 21 days after transplantation. Using these NPs, the molecular anti-inflammatory mechanism of transplanted BMSCs was revealed, which included the downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, suppression of macrophage activation, and delay of the fibrosis process. This study suggests a promising role for imaging-guided MSC-based therapy for pulmonary fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and pneumoconiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Xinyu Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. and Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. and Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhangyan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. and Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. and Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China. and Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China and School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, Shanxi 712082, China
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28
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Fu J, Lu L, Wang H, Hou Y, Dou H. Hirsutella sinensis mycelium regulates autophagy of alveolar macrophages via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1810-1823. [PMID: 33746598 PMCID: PMC7976595 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM) has potent anti-pulmonary fibrotic activities and has been proposed as an effective treatment for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Macrophages are the main innate immune cells in the lung tissue, playing key roles in pulmonary fibrosis repair and homeostasis. Excessive macrophage autophagy plays a vital role in pulmonary fibrosis. The protective effect of HSM on macrophages of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrotic mice remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we collected lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from pulmonary fibrotic mice. Meanwhile, alveolar macrophages were isolated and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line was cultured for further study of HSM autophagy. Results: First, we found that HSM decreased the number of autophagosomes, as well as the levels of LC3B and ATG5, and increased the protein level of P62 during the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, HSM reduced alveolar macrophages infiltration into the BALF and inhibited their accumulation in the fibrotic lung tissue. Flow cytometry analysis showed that HSM administration inhibited the autophagy marker LC3B expression in CD11bloCD11chi alveolar macrophages in BLM-induced lung fibrosis without affecting CD11bhiCD11clo interstitial macrophages. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 staining for mitochondrial membrane potential of alveolar macrophages also verified that the HSM significantly decreased autophagy in the alveolar macrophages of BLM-treated mice. In vitro, autophagosomes-lysosome fusion inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) was pre-incubated with RAW264.7 cells, and HSM reduced CQ-induced autophagosomes accumulation. TLR4 signaling inhibitor CLI095 reversed the above effects, suggesting HSM could reduce the cumulation of autophagosomes dependent on TLR4. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated TLR4-related autophagy was significantly inhibited by HSM treatment. In addition, the protein expressions of TLR4 and phospho-NF-κB p65 were markedly inhibited in cells treated with HSM. Conclusions: These results indicated that HSM could inhibit the autophagy of alveolar macrophages through TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to achieve anti-fibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanhua Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Haining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yayi Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huan Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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29
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Annangi B, Lu Z, Bruniaux J, Ridoux A, da Silva VM, Vantelon D, Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Macrophage autophagy protects mice from cerium oxide nanoparticle-induced lung fibrosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:6. [PMID: 33526046 PMCID: PMC7852145 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, rapidly oxidizing to form CeO2, and currently used in numerous commercial applications, especially as nanoparticles (NP). The potential health effects of Ce remain uncertain, but literature indicates the development of rare earth pneumoconiosis accompanied with granuloma formation, interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. The exact underlying mechanisms are not yet completely understood, and we propose that autophagy could be an interesting target to study, particularly in macrophages. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the role of macrophagic autophagy after pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP in mice. Mice lacking the early autophagy gene Atg5 in their myeloid lineage and their wildtype counterparts were exposed to CeO2 NP by single oropharyngeal administration and sacrificed up to 1 month after. At that time, lung remodeling was thoroughly characterized (inflammatory cells infiltration, expression of fibrotic markers such as αSMA, TGFβ1, total and type I and III collagen deposition), as well as macrophage infiltration (quantification and M1/M2 phenotype). RESULTS Such pulmonary exposure to CeO2 NP induces a progressive and dose-dependent lung fibrosis in the bronchiolar and alveolar walls, together with the activation of autophagy. Blockage of macrophagic autophagy protects from alveolar but not bronchiolar fibrosis, via the modulation of macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings bring novel insight on the role of macrophagic autophagy in lung fibrogenesis, and add to the current awareness of pulmonary macrophages as important players in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhuyi Lu
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | | | - Audrey Ridoux
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | | | - Delphine Vantelon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'orme des merisiers, St Aubin, BP 48, 31192, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
- AP-HP, Hopital Henri Mondor, Service Pneumologie, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Sophie Lanone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France.
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30
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Macrophage Autophagy and Silicosis: Current Perspective and Latest Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010453. [PMID: 33466366 PMCID: PMC7795780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an urgent public health problem in many countries. Alveolar macrophage (AM) plays an important role in silicosis progression. Autophagy is a balanced mechanism for regulating the cycle of synthesis and degradation of cellular components. Our previous study has shown that silica engulfment results in lysosomal rupture, which may lead to the accumulation of autophagosomes in AMs of human silicosis. The excessive accumulation of autophagosomes may lead to apoptosis in AMs. Herein, we addressed some assumptions concerning the complex function of autophagy-related proteins on the silicosis pathogenesis. We also recapped the molecular mechanism of several critical proteins targeting macrophage autophagy in the process of silicosis fibrosis. Furthermore, we summarized several exogenous chemicals that may cause an aggravation or alleviation for silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating AM autophagy. For example, lipopolysaccharides or nicotine may have a detrimental effect combined together with silica dust via exacerbating the blockade of AM autophagic degradation. Simultaneously, some natural product ingredients such as atractylenolide III, dioscin, or trehalose may be the potential AM autophagy regulators, protecting against silicosis fibrosis. In conclusion, the deeper molecular mechanism of these autophagy targets should be explored in order to provide feasible clues for silicosis therapy in the clinical setting.
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31
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Li W, Xie L, Ma J, Cheng M, Fan L, Xu Y, Wang B, Chen W. Gas6 or Mer deficiency ameliorates silica-induced autophagosomes accumulation in mice lung. Toxicol Lett 2020; 337:28-37. [PMID: 33232774 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Published evidences have shown that autophagy plays an important role in silica-induced lung inflammation and collagen deposition. Our previous study found that the level of growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased after silica exposure. However, it is unclear whether Gas6 is involved in the regulation of silica-induced autophagy dysfunction. In this study, we observed an autophagosomes accumulation in wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice lung after silica intratracheal instillation and then investigated whether genetic loss of Gas6 (Gas6-/-) could ameliorate it. Our data showed that Gas6-/- mice exhibited a limited autophagosomes accumulation from days 7-84 after silica exposure, revealed by reduced induction and increased degradation of autophagosomes in mice lung tissue. Interestingly, silica particles could elevate the expression of Mer receptor, which was significantly decreased in Gas6-/- mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that Mer deficiency (Mer-/-) could also reduce the formation of autophagosomes and restore the function of impaired lysosomes in silica-treated mice. Taken together, our results indicate that genetic loss of Gas6 attenuates silica-induced autophagosomes accumulation partly through down-regulating the expression of Mer receptor. Targeting Gas6/Mer-mediated autophagy pathway may provide a novel insight into the prevention and therapy of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yiju Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
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32
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Lei X, Qing A, Yuan X, Qiu D, Li H. A Landscape of lncRNA Expression Profile and the Predictive Value of a Candidate lncRNA for Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2272-2280. [PMID: 33202189 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is the most common type of pneumoconiosis with the fastest progress and the most serious harm. At present, there is still a lack of effective treatment for silicosis, and the molecular mechanism of silicosis is very complex, which is not completely clear. This study aimed to identify crucial long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-mRNA networks for silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis using microarray data from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including human lung epithelial cells Beas-2B and continuously exposed to 5 μg/mL amorphous silica nanoparticles for 40 passages. Differently expressed genes were calculated by "DESeq2" R package. Then we selected the differently expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and differently expressed long noncoding RNAs (DElncRNAs) data construct lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WCGNA). A total of 1140 DEmRNA and 1406 DElncRNAs were identified, including 20 upregulated DEmRNAs, 1120 downregulated DEmRNAs as well as 213 upregulated DElncRNAs and 1193 downregulated DElncRNAs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lncRNA AK131029 was specifically overexpressed in silicosis. Loss-of-function assay indicated that silencing AK131029 of inhibited cell proliferation in human lung fibroblast cells. In conclusion, this study preliminarily indicates that lncRNA AK131029 may play a role in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ailing Qing
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Delu Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
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Atractylenolide III alleviates the apoptosis through inhibition of autophagy by the mTOR-dependent pathway in alveolar macrophages of human silicosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:809-818. [PMID: 33078341 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03946-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silica-induced apoptosis of alveolar macrophages (AMs) is an essential part of silicosis formation. Autophagy tends to present a bidirectional effect on apoptosis. Our previous study found that the blockade of autophagy degradation might aggravate the apoptosis of AMs in human silicosis. We presume that targeting the autophagic pathway is regarded as a promising new strategy for silicosis fibrosis. As a main active component of the Atractylodes rhizome, Atractylenolide III (ATL-III) has been widely applied in clinical anti-inflammation. However, the effect and mechanism of ATL-III on autophagy in AMs of silicosis are unknown. In this study, we found that ATL-III might inhibit autophagy by mTOR-dependent manner, thereby improving the blockage of autophagic degradation in AMs. ATL-III alleviated the apoptosis of AMs in human silicosis. Furthermore, Rapamycin reversed the protective effect of ATL-III in AMs. These results indicate that ATL-III may be a potentially protective ingredient targeting autophagy for workers exposed to silica dust. These findings also suggest that inhibition of autophagy may be an effective way to alleviate the apoptosis of AMs in silicosis.
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Dekoster K, Decaesteker T, Berghen N, Van den Broucke S, Jonckheere AC, Wouters J, Krouglov A, Lories R, De Langhe E, Hoet P, Verbeken E, Vanoirbeek J, Vande Velde G. Longitudinal micro-computed tomography-derived biomarkers quantify non-resolving lung fibrosis in a silicosis mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16181. [PMID: 32999350 PMCID: PMC7527558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of many compounds identified as antifibrotic in preclinical studies, pulmonary fibrosis remains a life-threatening condition for which highly effective treatment is still lacking. Towards improving the success-rate of bench-to-bedside translation, we investigated in vivo µCT-derived biomarkers to repeatedly quantify experimental silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and assessed clinically relevant readouts up to several months after silicosis induction. Mice were oropharyngeally instilled with crystalline silica or saline and longitudinally monitored with respiratory-gated-high-resolution µCT to evaluate disease onset and progress using scan-derived biomarkers. At weeks 1, 5, 9 and 15, we assessed lung function, inflammation and fibrosis in subsets of mice in a cross-sectional manner. Silica-instillation increased the non-aerated lung volume, corresponding to onset and progression of inflammatory and fibrotic processes not resolving with time. Moreover, total lung volume progressively increased with silicosis. The volume of healthy, aerated lung first dropped then increased, corresponding to an acute inflammatory response followed by recovery into lower elevated aerated lung volume. Imaging results were confirmed by a significantly decreased Tiffeneau index, increased neutrophilic inflammation, increased IL-13, MCP-1, MIP-2 and TNF-α concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased collagen content and fibrotic nodules. µCT-derived biomarkers enable longitudinal evaluation of early onset inflammation and non-resolving pulmonary fibrosis as well as lung volumes in a sensitive and non-invasive manner. This approach and model of non-resolving lung fibrosis provides quantitative assessment of disease progression and stabilization over weeks and months, essential towards evaluation of fibrotic disease burden and antifibrotic therapy evaluation in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Dekoster
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Decaesteker
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Lab of Respiratory Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Berghen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Van den Broucke
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Wouters
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anton Krouglov
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Lories
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen De Langhe
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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35
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Yang P, Song R, Li N, Sun K, Shi F, Liu H, Shen F, Jiang S, Zhang L, Jin Y. Silica dust exposure induces autophagy in alveolar macrophages through switching Beclin1 affinity from Bcl-2 to PIK3C3. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:758-767. [PMID: 32061152 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increased deposition of silica dust in pulmonary interstitial tissues leads to silicosis, in which autophagy plays a defensive role in silica dust-associated stress response and cell death. Our previous studies revealed that silica dust exposure contributed to autophagy in pulmonary macrophages in vivo, while the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to figure out the regulatory mechanism as well as the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of experimental silicosis. We used 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and ABT-737 to suppress the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 (PIK3C3) and B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), two critical initiators of autophagy, and detected and evaluated the autophagy in NR8383 cells with or without silica dust exposure. We found that exposure of silica dust increased autophagy in NR8383 cells and elevated the expression of Beclin1 and PIK3C3, but it reduced the expression of Bcl-2. The relationship among Beclin1, PIK3C3, and Bcl-2 were then investigated using immunoprecipitation analysis, and we found that suppression of PIK3C3 and/or Bcl-2 using 3-MA and/or ABT-737 could alter the autophagy induced by silica dust in NR8383 cells, and the complexes of Beclin1/PIK3C3 and Beclin1/Bcl-2 were both downregulated, which may be that inhibition of PIK3C3 and Bcl-2 altered the affinity of Beclin1 with PIK3C3 and Bcl-2 and lead to the silence of PIK3C3 signaling. These findings indicate that silica dust exposure induces autophagy via changing the connectivity of Beclin1 from Bcl-2 to PIK3C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Ruirui Song
- Health Education Department, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Fan Shi
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Heliang Liu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Fuhai Shen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Shoufang Jiang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yulan Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
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36
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Li Y, Liu R, Wu J, Li X. Self-eating: friend or foe? The emerging role of autophagy in fibrotic diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:7993-8017. [PMID: 32724454 PMCID: PMC7381749 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in most human organs including the liver, lung, heart and kidney, and is crucial for the progression of most chronic diseases. As an indispensable catabolic process for intracellular quality control and homeostasis, autophagy occurs in most mammalian cells and is implicated in many biological processes including fibrogenesis. Although advances have been made in understanding autophagy process, the potential role of autophagy in fibrotic diseases remains controversial and has recently attracted a great deal of attention. In the current review, we summarize the commonalities of autophagy affecting different types of fibrosis in different organs, including the liver, lung, heart, and kidney as well as in cystic fibrosis, systematically outline the contradictory results and highlight the distinct role of autophagy during the various stages of fibrosis. In summary, the exact role autophagy plays in fibrogenesis depends on specific cell types and different stimuli, and identifying and evaluating the pathogenic contribution of autophagy in fibrogenesis will promote the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for the clinical management of these fibrotic diseases.
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37
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Bo Q, Shen M, Xiao M, Liang J, Zhai Y, Zhu H, Jiang M, Wang F, Luo X, Sun X. 3-Methyladenine Alleviates Experimental Subretinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophages and M2 Polarization Through the PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:618-628. [PMID: 32552228 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effects of 3-methyladenine (3-MA), a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), on experimental subretinal fibrosis (SRF) in mice. Methods: The SRF mouse model was established by 532 nm laser photocoagulation at each fundus of mice on day 0. 3-MA was administered every 2 days from day 0 to 35. Immunofluorescence of choroidal flat mounts was performed to evaluate the size of SRF area, local macrophages, and polarization, respectively. Besides, Western blot analysis was carried out to assess the expression levels of macrophage polarization-related genes, Arg-1, Ym-1, and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2). Co-culture and migration experiments were used to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of 3-MA on fibroblasts. The gene knockout and Western blot analysis were used to explore the signal pathways related to macrophage polarization. Results: Compared with the control group, the 3-MA-treated group showed significantly less size of SRF area. 3-MA treatment reduced both circulating and local macrophages, and counteracted M2 polarization. Moreover, 3-MA inhibited fibroblast recruitment. Mechanistically, we proved that 3-MA inhibits macrophage M2 polarization by suppressing PI3K/Akt signal pathway rather than the PI3K-autophagy-related signal pathway. Conclusions: 3-MA exerts antifibrotic effects on experimental SRF by targeting circulating and local macrophages and M2 polarization, through PI3K/Akt signal pathway. These results support the potential use of 3-MA as a new therapeutic modality for SRF associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Bo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meichun Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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38
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Ma J, Xu Y, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang D, Yang M, Wang B, Chen W. High-mobility group box 1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in crystalline silica induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:134-143. [PMID: 32428545 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is an inflammatory and fibrotic lung disease caused by prolonged inhalation of silica. The potential role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) and its underlying mechanisms in silicosis remain unclear. In this study, intratracheal instillation of a silica suspension was used to establish silicosis in male C57BL/6 mice. To elucidate the effects of HMGB-1 on the pathogenesis of silicosis, we used HMGB-1 neutralizing antibody (anti-HMGB-1) and recombinant HMGB-1 (rmHMGB-1) to abrogate or increase the HMGB-1 levels, respectively. At days 7, 28, and 84, the accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils decreased by anti-HMGB-1 treatment. The expression levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in lung increased in response to silica exposure across three time points; anti-HMGB-1 could alleviate those expressions at day 28 and 84. In contrast, rmHMGB-1 aggravated this process. At days 28 and 84, the protein expression of fibronectin and col1a1 decreased in the silica + anti-HMGB-1 groups but increased in silica + rmHMGB-1 groups compared to mice with silica alone. Further study suggested that HMGB-1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition participated in the development of silicosis. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that HMGB-1 participates in the pathogenesis of silicosis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Ma
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yiju Xu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Dongming Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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39
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Cheng Y, Luo W, Li Z, Cao M, Zhu Z, Han C, Dai X, Zhang W, Wang J, Yao H, Chao J. CircRNA-012091/PPP1R13B-mediated Lung Fibrotic Response in Silicosis via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:380-391. [PMID: 30908929 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0017oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a progressive fibrotic disease of lung tissue caused by long-term inhalation of SiO2. However, relatively few studies of the direct effects of SiO2 on lung fibroblasts have been performed. PPP1R13B is a major member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of the p53 family, but its role in pulmonary fibrosis is unclear. To elucidate the role of PPP1R13B in the pathological process of silicosis, we explored the molecular mechanisms related to PPP1R13B and the functional effects of proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Through lentivirus transfection, Western blotting, and fluorescent in situ hybridization experiments, we found that SiO2 downregulated circRNA-012091 (circ-012091) expression in lung fibroblasts and induced upregulation of downstream PPP1R13B. Transfection of L929 cells with PPP1R13B CRISPR NIC plasmid inhibited the upregulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy-related protein expression in lung fibroblasts treated with SiO2, and induced decreases in cell proliferation, migration, and viability. Transfection of L929 cells with the PPP1R13B CRISPR ACT plasmid induced increases in cell proliferation, migration, and viability. In addition, the ERS inhibitor salubrinal and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine inhibited the increased migration of L929 cells transfected with the PPP1R13B CRISPR ACT plasmid. These results suggest that PPP1R13B regulated by circ-012091 promotes the proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts through ERS and autophagy, and plays a crucial role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology.,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, and.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology.,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, and.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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40
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He X, Chen S, Li C, Ban J, Wei Y, He Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. Trehalose Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Activation of the TFEB-Mediated Autophagy-Lysosomal System in Alveolar Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010122. [PMID: 31947943 PMCID: PMC7016807 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease characterized by persistent inflammation and irreversible fibrosis. Crystalline silica (CS) particles are mainly phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AMs), which trigger apoptosis, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis. Previously, we found that autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction in AMs was involved in CS-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Induction of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis by transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation can rescue fibrotic diseases. However, the role of TFEB in silicosis is unknown. In this study, we found that CS induced TFEB nuclear localization and increased TFEB expression in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. However, TFEB overexpression or treatment with the TFEB activator trehalose (Tre) alleviated lysosomal dysfunction and enhanced autophagic flux. It also reduced apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels, and fibrosis. Both pharmacologically inhibition of autophagy and TFEB knockdown in macrophages significantly abolished the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by either TFEB overexpression or Tre treatment. In conclusion, these results uncover a protective role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in silicosis. Our study suggests that restoration of autophagy-lysosomal function by Tre-induced TFEB activation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqi Ban
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yungeng Wei
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangyang He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-31939079
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Qiu T, Liu W, Yao P. Autophagy, an important therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:139-147. [PMID: 31877297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved intracellular degradation pathway, autophagy is essential to cellular homeostasis. Several studies have demonstrated that autophagy showed an important effect on some pulmonary fibrosis diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis lung disease, silicosis and smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis. For example, autophagy mitigates the pathological progression of IPF by regulating the apoptosis of fibroblasts and the senescence of alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, autophagy ameliorates cystic fibrosis lung disease via rescuing transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTRs) to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, autophagy alleviates the silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by decreasing apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in silicosis. However, excessive macrophage autophagy aggravates the pathogenesis of silicosis fibrosis by promoting the proliferation and migration of lung fibroblasts in silicosis. Autophagy is also involved in smoking-induced pulmonary fibrosis, coal workers' pneumoconiosis, ionizing radiation-mediated pulmonary fibrosis and heavy metal nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, the role and signalling mechanisms of autophagy in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis diseases have been systematically analysed. It has provided a new insight into the therapeutic potential associated with autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis diseases. In conclusion, the targeting of autophagy might prove to be a prospective avenue for the therapeutic intervention of pulmonary fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yiqun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China
| | - Tingting Qiu
- Nursing College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Units, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
| | - Pingbo Yao
- Department of Clinical Technology, Changsha Health Vocational College, Changsha 410100, China.
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42
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Chu H, Wang W, Luo W, Zhang W, Cheng Y, Huang J, Wang J, Dai X, Fang S, Chao J. CircHECTD1 mediates pulmonary fibroblast activation via HECTD1. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2019; 10:2040622319891558. [PMID: 31832126 PMCID: PMC6887829 DOI: 10.1177/2040622319891558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circular RNA (circRNA), a new class of noncoding RNA, has been shown to be important in silicosis due to its unique role as a transcription regulator or as a sponge of small RNA regulators. Here, the mechanisms underlying circHECTD1/HECTD1 in fibroblast activation and subsequent fibrosis induced by SiO2 were investigated. Methods: Primary human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF-a) were utilized, combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. LC3B-LV-RFP lentivirus was used to evaluate the role of autophagy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to specifically knock down HECTD1, combined with MTT, BrdU, and migration assays, to explore the functional changes induced by SiO2. Results: After exposure to SiO2, the circHECTD1 level was decreased, which was associated with an increase in HECTD1 in HPF-a cells. SiO2-induced autophagy was reversed by either circHECTD1 overexpression or HECTD1 knockdown in HPF-a cells, with restored SiO2-induced fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration via downstream autophagy. The lungs of mice exposed to SiO2 confirmed the upregulation of HECTD1 in pulmonary fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our data suggested a link between circHECTD1/HECTD1 and fibroblast activation with subsequent fibrosis induced by SiO2, providing novel insight into the potential of circHECTD1/HECTD1 to be a therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shencun Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
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43
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Zhang W, Zhu T, Chen L, Luo W, Chao J. MCP-1 mediates ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via MCPIP1 and CaSR. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H59-H71. [PMID: 31774703 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00308.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) plays a crucial role in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the detailed mechanism of MCP-1 in I/R injury-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, we explored the cascade downstream of I/R-induced MCP-1 that modulates cell apoptosis and determined whether Ca2+-sensing receptors (CaSRs) are involved in the process. Protein levels were detected in a cardiac muscle cell line (HL-1) and primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Released MCP-1 was detected using ELISA. Both Hoechst staining and flow cytometry methods were used to measure cell apoptosis. Specific pharmacological inhibitors of CC chemokine receptor 2 (RS-102895) and CaSR (NPS-2143) as well as a CaSR activator (evocalcet) were applied to confirm the roles of these factors in I/R-induced cell apoptosis. I/R inhibited cell viability and upregulated cell apoptosis. Moreover, I/R induced the release of MCP-1 from both HL-1 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. Further research confirmed that CaSR acted as an upstream effector of monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and coordinately regulated cell apoptosis, which was verified by addition of an inhibitor or activator of CaSR. Moreover, MCPIP1 induced cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress but not autophagy induced by I/R. Based on these findings, I/R-induced MCP-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the MCPIP1 and CaSR pathways, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for I/R injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 release regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis via the monocyte chemotactic protein-1-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) and Ca2+-sensing receptor pathway. The functional changes mediated by MCPIP1 involve the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, but not the autophagy pathway, after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiebing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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44
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Liu H, Yu H, Cao Z, Gu J, Pei L, Jia M, Su M. Kaempferol Modulates Autophagy and Alleviates Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1418-1426. [PMID: 31560574 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational disease characterized as inflammatory cells infiltration and severe progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Kaempferol (Kae), a flavonoid that exists in many plants and fruits, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis functions. However, the effects of Kae on silicosis remain unclear. In the present study, we analyzed the therapeutic effects of Kae in 1-, 7-, and 28-day silicosis models, respectively. In the 1-day model, Kae treatment did not vary the wet-to-dry weight ratios of the lung, apoptotic rate, autophagy, or the expression of inflammatory factors. In contrast, Kae significantly inhibited pulmonary inflammation in the 7-day silicosis models and inhibited silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the 28-day models. Besides, we found that Kae partially restored silica-induced LC3 lipidation without increasing the p62 levels. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine antagonized the inhibitory effects of Kae on inflammation, suggesting that autophagy might be required in the therapeutic effects of Kae on silicosis. These findings indicated that Kae inhibits the progression of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis, which may provide experimental evidences for Kae in the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - He Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenju Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junxu Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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45
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Zhang ZQ, Shao B, Han GZ, Liu GY, Zhang CZ, Lin L. Location and dynamic changes of inflammation, fibrosis, and expression levels of related genes in SiO 2-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats in vivo. J Toxicol Pathol 2019; 32:253-260. [PMID: 31719752 PMCID: PMC6831492 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2019-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a serious occupational disease characterized by pulmonary fibrosis, and its mechanism and progression have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, silicosis models of rat were established by a one-time dusting method, and the rats were sacrificed after 30, 60, and 120 days (herein referred to as the 30, 60, and 120 days groups, respectively). The rats without dust exposure were used as the control. The lungs were removed to observe pathological changes using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining and transmission electron microscopy, and the degree of collagen type I and III deposition in the lung was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were measured by spectrophotometry, and the expression levels of fibrosis-related genes (transforming growth factor beta 1, type I collagen, type III collagen) were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results suggested that the rats in the model groups exhibited obvious collagen fibrosis and that the severity of the lung injury increased as the time after exposure to SiO2 increased. There was a significant response to lung inflammation in the model rats, especially in the 30 days group. The degree of lipid peroxidation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells and lung tissues in experiment group rats significantly increased. Among the three fibrosis-related genes, transforming growth factor beta 1was elevated in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells and lung tissues of the experiment group rats, while collagen type I and III were only elevated in lung tissues. Hence, we concluded that as silicosis progressed, inflammation, fibrosis, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes showed different time-dependent changes and that a number of causal relationships existed among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
| | - Gui-Zhi Han
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
| | - Gen-Yi Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
| | - Chun-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45 Jianshe South Road, Jining city, Shandong Province 272113, China
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46
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Tao C, Zhang Y, Gao K. Machine vision analysis on abnormal respiratory conditions of mice inhaling particles containing cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:600-610. [PMID: 30576895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhalable environmental toxicants can induce pulmonary malfunction resulting abnormal respiratory conditions. The traditional methods currently available to detect the respiratory condition of animals rely on differential pressure transducers and signal amplifiers. In comparison, current machine vision application requires little hardware. But it is unsuitable for respiratory condition tests of experimental animals reflecting respiratory toxicities of inhalable pollutants. In this study, we establish a new automatic method of machine vision analysis using a model that has mice inhaling aqueous aerosol with different concentrations of CdCl2 (0, 1, 3, 5 mM 2 h/day) for 7 days as simulant occupational exposure of inhalable Cd and analyze respiratory conditions such as respiratory rate, rhythm index, drive index and exchange index. Additionally, the models with different degrees of lung damage in mice are further tested and verified by the concentrations of cadmium accumulated in the lungs and the analyses on pulmonary porosity, fibrosis and inflammation. Machine vision analysis can identify the abnormal respiratory conditions of mice. Respiratory rate and rhythm index increase after exposure to cadmium. In the individuals with mild lung damage, respiratory drive index and exchange index in treatment group are higher than that in the control group, and in individuals with severe lung damage, these indices are similar to that of the control group. These abnormal respiratory conditions related to variable lung damage in mice demonstrate that the respiration is synchronously influenced by inhalable Cd and respiratory compensation according to normal physiological regulation, suggesting the present method is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Ke Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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47
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Xu G, Wang X, Yu H, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhao R, Zhang G. Beclin 1, LC3, and p62 expression in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:794-802. [PMID: 30977401 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119842633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide to humans. Pulmonary fibrosis is one of the most typical features of PQ poisoning, which develops from several days to weeks after ingestion. However, the mechanism of fibrosis is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine expressions of autophagy-related markers Beclin 1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), and p62 in PQ-poisoned lungs and to explore the role of autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ. We detected markers of lung fibrosis and expressions of autophagy-related protein in the specimens from eight fatal cases of PQ poisoning by hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry. Based on the staining results of lung fibrosis, these cases were divided into two groups, fibrosis and non-fibrosis groups. The correlation between autophagy protein expressions and pulmonary fibrosis was examined. The results demonstrated that the autophagy-related proteins were significantly expressed in fibrosis group compared with the non-fibrosis group. There was a significantly positive correlation between these protein expressions and severity of lung fibrosis. In conclusion, autophagy dysfunction may be involved in lung fibrogenesis caused by PQ poisoning. This may be a promising clue for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying PQ-induced lung fibrosis and provide evidence for treating fibrosis by regulating the level of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - X Wang
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - H Yu
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - C Wang
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,2 The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,3 Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Liu
- 2 The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,3 Collaborative Laboratory of Intelligentized Forensic Science (CLIFS), Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - R Zhao
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhang
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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48
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Du S, Li C, Lu Y, Lei X, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu F, Chen Y, Weng D, Chen J. Dioscin Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis through Promoting Alveolar Macrophage Autophagy. Theranostics 2019; 9:1878-1892. [PMID: 31037145 PMCID: PMC6485284 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to crystalline silica (CS) particles leads to silicosis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation and abnormal tissue repair. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a crucial role in the process of silicosis. Previously, we demonstrated positive effect of dioscin on silicosis through modulating macrophage-elicited innate immune response. However, the concrete molecular mechanism remains to be discovered. Methods: We established experimental model of silicosis with wildtype and Atg5flox/floxDppa3Cre/+ mice and oral administrated dioscin daily to explore the effects of dioscin on macrophages and pulmonary fibrosis. AM cell line MH-S with Atg5 silence was used to explore specific function of dioscin on macrophage-derived inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanism. Results: Dioscin could promote autophagy in macrophages. Dioscin-triggered AMs autophagy limited mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) mass stimulated by CS, reduced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway activation and facilitated cell survival. Relieved oxidative stress resulted in decreased secretion of inflammatory factors and chemokines. Dioscin treatment alleviated macrophage-derived inflammation and subsequent abnormal collagen repair. All the dioscin's protective effects were diminished in Atg5flox/floxDppa3Cre/+ mice. Conclusion: Dioscin promoting autophagy leads to reduced CS-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and cytokine production in AMs, which may provide concrete molecular mechanism for the therapy of silicosis.
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Liu G, Yu J, Li C, Zhou X, Nie L, Wei Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Nusilaiti N, Hua P, Wang X, Wei W, Li X. Application of protein chip combined with SELDI-TOF-MS detection to investigate serum protein expression in patients with silicosis fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2172-2184. [PMID: 30783481 PMCID: PMC6364189 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the identification of biomarkers of silicosis based on the differentially expressed serum proteins between normal healthy individuals and patients with silicosis fibrosis. A total number of 20 patients with clinically diagnosed silicosis were screened, which were designated as the foundation treatment group. In addition, 20 age-matched healthy patients attending a check-up at the physical examination department were selected. Serum samples were obtained and a combined protein chip with surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization flight mass spectrometry was applied to perform serum analysis. Data preprocessing, screening differences in peak, hierarchical cluster analysis, Principal Component Analysis, construction of a decision tree model, and prediction based on the differences between peaks corresponding to proteins were performed to analyze the data. The results revealed differences in the proteins in serum between the normal group and the group prior to foundation treatment prediction. The corresponding names of the protein peak, predicted protein, and gene name were as follows: M1948_00, complement c3 frag, C3; M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; and M2879_56, hepcidin, HAMP. Differentially expressed serum proteins in the normal group and the basis treatment group were predicted, including M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; M2879_56, hepcidin, HAMP; and M3224_97, fibrinogen-α chain frags, FGA. The differentially expressed serum proteins in the group prior to basis treatment and the group following basis treatment were predicted, including M2001_69, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP; M2017_02, amyloid-βa4 protein, APP, M4144_81, plasma protease c1 inhibitor frag, and SERPING1. In conclusion, there were differences in the proteins in serum between the patients with silicosis fibrosis and healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guitao Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Yu
- Dermatological Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Cuidong Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Liping Nie
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Wei
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Nuziguli Nusilaiti
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hua
- Department of Occupational Disease Prevention and Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Endocrinology Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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50
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Lu Y, Li C, Du S, Chen X, Zeng X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. 4-1BB Signaling Promotes Alveolar Macrophages-Mediated Pro-Fibrotic Responses and Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1848. [PMID: 30250465 PMCID: PMC6139304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is caused by exposure to crystalline silica (CS). We have previously shown that blocking 4-1BB signaling attenuated CS-induced inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the cells that express 4-1BB, which plays a vital role in promoting fibrosis, are still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of 4-1BB is elevated in alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the lungs of CS-injured mice. CS exposure also markedly enhanced the expression of 4-1BB in macrophage-like, MH-S cells. In these cells, activation of the 4-1BB signaling with an agonist antibody led to upregulated secretion of pro-fibrotic mediators. Consistently, blocking 4-1BB downstream signaling or genetic deletion of 4-1BB alleviated pro-fibrotic responses in vitro, while treatment with a 4-1BB fusion protein promoted pro-fibrotic responses. In vivo experiments showed that blocking 4-1BB signaling decreased the expressions of pro-fibrotic mediators and fibrosis. These data suggest that 4-1BB signaling plays an important role in promoting AMs-mediated pro-fibrotic responses and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings may provide a potential molecular target to reduce CS-induced fibrotic responses in occupational lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Lu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sitong Du
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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