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Du W, Zhang R, Muhammad B, Pei D. Targeting the COP9 signalosome for cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2022; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0605. [PMID: 35315259 PMCID: PMC9196064 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is a highly conserved protein complex composed of 8 subunits (CSN1 to CSN8). The individual subunits of the CSN play essential roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, angiogenesis, and microenvironmental homeostasis. The CSN complex has an intrinsic metalloprotease that removes the ubiquitin-like activator NEDD8 from cullin-RING ligases (CRLs). Binding of neddylated CRLs to CSN is sensed by CSN4 and communicated to CSN5 with the assistance of CSN6, thus leading to the activation of deneddylase. Therefore, CSN is a crucial regulator at the intersection between neddylation and ubiquitination in cancer progression. Here, we summarize current understanding of the roles of individual CSN subunits in cancer progression. Furthermore, we explain how the CSN affects tumorigenesis through regulating transcription factors and the cell cycle. Finally, we discuss individual CSN subunits as potential therapeutic targets to provide new directions and strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Du
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Ruicheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Bilal Muhammad
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Dongsheng Pei
- Department of Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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2
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Zhu Z, Hong Y, Zhang F, An L, Yang Q, Huang X, Xu Q. Knockdown of COPS3 inhibits the progress of prostate cancer through reducing phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression and impairs the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. Prostate 2019; 79:1823-1831. [PMID: 31509289 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amplification of gene COPS3 is closely related to the development of osteosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effects of COPS3 on prostate cancer (PCa) are poorly understood. METHODS In this study, the protein expression of COPS3 in PCa tissues, adjacent normal tissues, and bone metastasis tissues of PCa was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assay were performed in 22rv1 and PC-3 cells after knocking down COPS3 by small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, we performed western blot analysis to explore the potential mechanisms underlying it. RESULTS This study found that the overall survival of the COPS3 high-expression group was significantly shorter than the low-expression group. This study discovered that the protein expression of COPS3 in PCa tissues was higher than that in the matched nontumor prostate tissues. In addition, tissues from bone metastasis of PCa had a high percentage of overexpressing COPS3. After knockdown of the COPS3 gene in 22rv1 and PC3 cells, two classic human PCa cell lines which had a high level of COPS3, the abilities of migration, invasion, and proliferation were inhibited. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and N-cadherin were significantly decreased after knocking down the expression of COPS3, and the protein levels of E-cadherin were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, COPS3 may be closely related to the progress of PCa. Knockdown of COPS3 inhibited the progress of PCa through reducing the levels of phosphorylated P38 MAPK and impaired the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Zhu
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingya Yang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingquan Xu
- Urology and Lithotripsy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Applied Lithotripsy Institute, Beijing, China
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3
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Chung D, Salsman J, Dellaire G. Inhibition of neddylation induces mitotic defects and alters MKLP1 accumulation at the midbody during cytokinesis. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1135-1153. [PMID: 31057046 PMCID: PMC6592236 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1612696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) play crucial roles in modulating the stability of proteins in the cell and are, in turn, regulated by post-translational modification by the ubiquitin-like (Ubl) protein NEDD8. This process, termed neddylation, is reversible through the action of the COP9 signalosome (CSN); a multi-subunit metalloprotease conserved among eukaryotes that plays direct or indirect roles in DNA repair, cell signaling and cell cycle regulation in part through modulating the activity of the CRLs. Previously, inhibition of CRL neddylation by MLN4924, a small molecule inhibitor of the NEDD8-activating enzyme 1 (NAE1), was shown to induce interphase cell cycle arrest and cell death. Using fixed and living cell microscopy, we re-evaluated the cell cycle effects of inhibition of neddylation by MLN4924 in both asynchronous and mitotic cell populations. Consistent with previous studies, treatment of asynchronous cells with MLN4924 increased CDT1 expression levels, induced G2 arrest and increased nuclear size. However, in synchronized cells treated in mitosis, mitotic defects were observed including lagging chromosomes and binucleated daughter cells. Consistent with neddylation and deneddylation playing a role in cytokinesis, NEDD8, as well as subunits of the CSN, could be localized at the midbody and cleavage furrow. Finally, treatment of mitotic cells with MLN4924 induced the premature accumulation of MKLP1 at the cleavage furrow, a key regulator of cytokinesis, which was concomitant with increased abscission delay and failure. Thus, these studies uncover an uncharacterized mitotic effect of MLN4924 on MKLP1 accumulation at the midbody and support a role for neddylation during cytokinesis. Abbreviations: CSN, COP9 Signalosome; MKLP1, mitotic kinesin-like protein 1; NEDD8, Neural precursor cell Expressed, Developmentally Down-regulated 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudley Chung
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Jayme Salsman
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- a Department of Pathology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,b Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , Canada.,c Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute , Halifax , Canada
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4
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Zarich N, Anta B, Fernández-Medarde A, Ballester A, de Lucas MP, Cámara AB, Anta B, Oliva JL, Rojas-Cabañeros JM, Santos E. The CSN3 subunit of the COP9 signalosome interacts with the HD region of Sos1 regulating stability of this GEF protein. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:2. [PMID: 30631038 PMCID: PMC6328564 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sos1 is an universal, widely expressed Ras guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (RasGEF) in eukaryotic cells. Its N-terminal HD motif is known to be involved in allosteric regulation of Sos1 GEF activity through intramolecular interaction with the neighboring PH domain. Here, we searched for other cellular proteins also able to interact productively with the Sos1 HD domain. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified the interaction between the Sos1 HD region and CSN3, the third component of the COP9 signalosome, a conserved, multi-subunit protein complex that functions in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway to control degradation of many cellular proteins. The interaction of CSN3 with the HD of Sos1 was confirmed in vitro by GST pull-down assays using truncated mutants and reproduced in vivo by co-immunoprecipitation with the endogenous, full-length cellular Sos1 protein. In vitro kinase assays showed that PKD, a COP9 signalosome-associated-kinase, is able to phosphorylate Sos1. The intracellular levels of Sos1 protein were clearly diminished following CSN3 or PKD knockdown. A sizable fraction of the endogenous Sos1 protein was found ubiquitinated in different mammalian cell types. A significant reduction of RasGTP formation upon growth factor stimulation was also observed in CSN3-silenced as compared with control cells. Our data suggest that the interaction of Sos1 with the COP9 signalosome and PKD plays a significant role in maintenance of cellular Sos1 protein stability and homeostasis under physiological conditions and raises the possibility of considering the CSN/PKD complex as a potential target for design of novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Zarich
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Anta
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Ballester
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar de Lucas
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cámara
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Anta
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luís Oliva
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Rojas-Cabañeros
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas (UFIEC) and CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and CIBERONC, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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5
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Yang J, Song H, Chen L, Cao K, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hao X. Integrated analysis of microfibrillar-associated proteins reveals MFAP4 as a novel biomarker in human cancers. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1635-1651. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The potential functions and underlying mechanism of microfibrillar-associated proteins (MFAPs) are explored in human cancers. Materials & methods: Here, we examined the expression profiles, prognostic values, epigenetic and genetic alterations of MFAPs in human cancers from public omics repository. Results: Among MFAPs family, MFAP4 was frequently downregulated in the most human cancers and high mRNA expression of MFAP4 significantly correlated with better overall survival in breast cancer. DNA hypermethylation in the promoter of MFAP4 decreased its mRNA expression. MFAP4 strongly associated with pathway in impairment and alteration of the elastic fibers. Conclusion: This integrated analysis provides new insights into MFAPs in human cancers and indicates that MFAP4 could be used as novel biomarker for developing therapies against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Hui Song
- The Key Laboratory of Endemic & Ethnic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550004, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550004, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550001, PR China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Guizhou University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Yanmei Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions & Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province & Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, PR China
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6
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Zhang F, Yan T, Guo W, Sun K, Wang S, Bao X, Liu K, Zheng B, Zhang H, Ren T. Novel oncogene COPS3 interacts with Beclin1 and Raf-1 to regulate metastasis of osteosarcoma through autophagy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:135. [PMID: 29970115 PMCID: PMC6029018 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Expression of COP9 signalosome subunit 3 (COPS3), an oncogene overexpressed in osteosarcoma, has been demonstrated to be significantly correlated with tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which COPS3 promotes metastasis of osteosarcoma and its role in autophagy remain unknown. Methods The expression of COPS3 was detected in primary osteosarcoma tissues and matching lung metastasis tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of COPS3 on the metastasis of osteosarcoma cells was investigated by transwell, wound healing assays and animal studies. Indicated proteins was analyzed by western blotting when COPS3 was knockdown or overexpressed. The COPS3 Interacting protein was determined by immunoprecipitation assay. The relationship between COPS3 and autophagy was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results We found that knockdown of COPS3 significantly reduced the lung metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in a mouse model, coinciding with downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. The silencing of COPS3 also inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) through the 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK), a family of signal transduction proteins downstream of MEK/ERK. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation assays revealed that COPS3 directly interacts with Raf-1, an upstream regulator of MEK/ERK. Surprisingly, Beclin1, an important autophagic protein, appeared in the COPS3-immunoprecipitates, along with the autophagic markers LC3-I and LC3-II. Loss of COPS3 completely inhibited H2O2-induced autophagic flux and reduced Beclin1 expression. Additionally, autophagy inhibitor or silencing of Beclin1 both decreased cell metastasis. Conclusions Taken together, these data reveal a novel function of COPS3 in the regulation of autophagy and highlight the relationship between autophagy and metastasis in osteosarcoma cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0791-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Taiqiang Yan
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kunkun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Shidong Wang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xing Bao
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kuisheng Liu
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bingxin Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Musculoskeletal Tumor Center, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing, 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Beijing, 100044, China
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7
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Hong Y, Huang X, An L, Ye H, Ma K, Zhang F, Xu Q. Overexpression of COPS3 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression via regulation of Phospho-AKT(Thr308), Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3. Exp Cell Res 2018; 365:163-170. [PMID: 29477618 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The third subunit of the COP9 signalosome (COPS3) is associated with cell proliferation and tumorigenesis process in cancer. The present study showed that the expression level of COPS3 was upregulated in malignant cell lines and COPS3 overexpression was related with clinical stage, T stage, historical grade. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that COPS3 may function as a prognostic factor for overall survival. CCK-8 and colony formation assays revealed that knockdown of COPS3 in ACHN and 786-O significantly impacted proliferation in vitro. In addition, flow cytometry showed that inhibition of COPS3 induced G0/G1 arrest and promoted apoptosis. COPS3 may promote kidney cancer progression by altering Phospho-AKT(Thr308), Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 expression. Collectively, Our findings suggest that COPS3 may be a new potential target of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Lizhe An
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Haiyun Ye
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Kai Ma
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingquan Xu
- The Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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8
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Pang J, Yan X, Cao H, Qian L, He H, Tian H, Han F, Wang G, Chen X, Zhao Y, Hu JF, Cui J. Knockdown of COPS3 Inhibits Lung Cancer Tumor Growth in Nude Mice by Blocking Cell Cycle Progression. J Cancer 2017; 8:1129-1136. [PMID: 28607586 PMCID: PMC5463426 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COPS3 encodes the third subunit of the COP9 signalosome and its aberrant expression is associated with many RITE ("Region of Increased Tumor Expression") genes in lung cancer tissues. To elucidate the specific role of COPS3 in lung cancer, we examined its expression in lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. We found that COPS3 was overexpressed in most of the lung cancer samples examined, particularly in small cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of COPS3 protein was positively correlated with the level of Ki-67 cell proliferation index (p=0.001) and negatively related to the degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.012). In a xenograft tumor model in nude mice, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 significantly reduced tumor growth. In lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, shRNA-knockdown of COPS3 induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase by upregulating the cell cycle regulator protein P21 and downregulating cyclin B1 and CDK4. These data suggest that COPS3 may promote tumor growth by regulating cell-cycle associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Pang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Pathological diagnostic Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No.71.Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - He Cao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71. Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
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9
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The up-regulation of cysteine-rich protein 61 induced by transforming growth factor beta enhances osteosarcoma cell migration. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:269-77. [PMID: 24037310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61) is believed to enhance osteosarcoma (OS) cell metastasis, but the mechanism of Cyr61 overexpression in OS is not clear so far. In this study 33 OS samples were analyzed by immunostaining and focused on two parts: the correlation between overexpression of Cyr61 and OS metastasis; the mechanism of regulating Cyr61 expression in OS. Twenty-five out of 33 cases (75.76 %) with metastasis showed high expression of Cyr61. Furthermore, Cyr61 expression in Saos-2 cells was reduced by siRNA, and lower expression of Cyr61 in Saos-2 cell resulted in a cell migration deficiency and had no effect on cell proliferation. Particularly, Cyr61 expression was significantly increased in Saos-2 cells in response to different dosages of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), indicating that the expression of Cyr61 is TGF-β dependent. A transwell assay showed that Saos-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β had a greater capacity for migration than the control cells. The p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor SB203580 was able to reduce Cyr61 expression and inhibit the migration of Saos-2 cells stimulated with TGF-β. These results obtained provide new evidence that overexpressed Cyr61 plays a key role in the metastasis of OS cells and Cyr61 is a potential target downstream of TGF-β/p38 MAPK to regulate cell migration.
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10
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Wang XM, Cui JW, Li W, Cai L, Song W, Wang GJ. Silencing of the COPS3 gene by siRNA reduces proliferation of lung cancer cells most likely via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:1043-8. [PMID: 22631635 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.3.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The COPS3 gene has stimulating effect on cell proliferation and progression of osteosarcomas and related cells. However, the features of COPS3 and its potential application as a therapeutic target in other cancers has not yet been studied. In this study, therefore, the effect of COPS3 silencing via COPS3 siRNA on lung cancer cell proliferation was examined. Expression levels of COPS3 gene in COPS3 siRNA infected cells and control siRNA infected cells were compared with real time PCR and Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation levels were comprehensively analyzed by MTT, BrdU incorporationy, and colony formation assays. For mechanistic assessment the effects of COPS3 silencing on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results showed that successful silencing of the COPS3 gene at both translational and transcriptional levels significantly reduced the proliferation and colony formation by lung cancer cells (p<0.01). Flow cytometry showed cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase after COPS3 silencing, and more importantly, apoptosis was induced as a result of COPS3 knockdown, which negatively affected cell survival. Therefore, these results provide another piece of important evidence that the COPS3 gene expressed in lung cancer cells may play a critical role in stimulating proliferation. Down-regulation of COPS3 could significantly inhibit lung cancer cell growth, which was most likely mediated via induction of cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wang
- Cancer Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Identification of novel candidate oncogenes in chromosome region 17p11.2-p12 in human osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30907. [PMID: 22292074 PMCID: PMC3266911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone. The tumours are characterized by high genomic instability, including the occurrence of multiple regions of amplifications and deletions. Chromosome region 17p11.2–p12 is amplified in about 25% of cases. In previous studies, COPS3 and PMP22 have been identified as candidate oncogenes in this region. Considering the complexity and variation of the amplification profiles for this segment, the involvement of additional causative oncogenes is to be expected. The aim of the present investigation is to identify novel candidate oncogenes in 17p11.2–p12. We selected 26 of in total 85 osteosarcoma samples (31%) with amplification events in 17p11.2–p12, using quantitative PCR for 8 marker genes. These were subjected to high-resolution SNP array analysis and subsequent GISTIC analysis to identify the most significantly amplified regions. Two major amplification peaks were found in the 17p11.2–p12 region. Overexpression as a consequence of gene amplification is a major mechanism for oncogene activation in tumours. Therefore, to identify the causative oncogenes, we next determined expression levels of all genes within the two segments using expression array data that could be generated for 20 of the selected samples. We identified 11 genes that were overexpressed through amplification in at least 50% of cases. Nine of these, c17orf39, RICH2, c17orf45, TOP3A, COPS3, SHMT1, PRPSAP2, PMP22, and RASD1, demonstrated a significant association between copy number and expression level. We conclude that these genes, including COPS3 and PMP22, are candidate oncogenes in 17p11.2–p12 of importance in osteosarcoma tumourigenesis.
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Yu YS, Tang ZH, Pan QC, Chen XH, Liu XN, Zang GQ. Inhibition of Csn3 expression induces growth arrest and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 69:1173-80. [PMID: 22237956 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Csn3 (or CSN3) encodes the third subunit of an eight-subunit complex, the COP9 signalosome (CSN), which acts as a protein kinase and a deneddylase in mammalian cells. Previous studies have shown that Csn3 is essential for maintenance of cell proliferation in the mouse embryonic epiblast and associated with the tumorigenesis process in osteosarcoma. However, its correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been explored yet. METHODS The expression of Csn3 in HCC (n = 30), cirrhosis (n = 30), and normal tissues (n = 30) was detected using immunohistochemical analysis. The impacts of lentivirus-mediated inhibition of Csn3 on HCC cells were detected using MTT, BrdU incorporation assay, and flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the colony formation and tumor growth ability in nude mice were detected to define the role of Csn3 in tumorigenesis. RESULTS Knockdown of Csn3 expression in HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721 and Hep3B) significantly inhibits the tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation indicates that this growth inhibition effect may be mediated through cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and inductions of pro-apoptotic proteins BIK and Caspase-8. In addition, knockdown of Csn3 expression evidently suppresses tumor growth in a xenograft nude mice model. CONCLUSION Collectively, this study demonstrates Csn3 as an oncogene that regulates the tumorigenesis process in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-sheng Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Yishan Road 600, Shanghai 200233, China
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Bashur L, Chen D, Zhou G. THE COP9 SIGNALOSOME, A NOVEL, ESSENTIAL REGULATOR OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT AND TUMORIGENESIS. CASE ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2011; 8:45-50. [PMID: 26807424 PMCID: PMC4722531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the evolutionarily conserved complex named COP9 signalosome has emerged as an essential and versatile regulator of biological and pathological responses across species. Various components of COP9 signalosome, including CSN5 (also named JAB1), play critical roles in a wide array of developmental process. Using genetically engineered mouse models, our laboratory has recently identified CSN5/JAB1 as an essential regulator of skeletal development, in part through negatively regulating BMP signaling. BMP signaling is important for fracture healing and bone regeneration. BMPs have been used for treating acute fractures and for improving the success of spinal fusions. Therefore, harnessing the CSN5/JAB1-mediated inhibition of BMP signaling might be a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of BMP treatment and to reduce medical costs in the future. Furthermore, the up-regulation of COP9 signalosome has been associated with various cancers, including osteosarcoma. Thus, the COP9 signalosome can also be a valid target for treating osteosarcoma and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Bashur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dongxing Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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