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Profir M, Roşu OA, Creţoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Friend or Foe: Exploring the Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Cancers. Microorganisms 2024; 12:955. [PMID: 38792785 PMCID: PMC11124004 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Digestive cancers are among the leading causes of cancer death in the world. However, the mechanisms of cancer development and progression are not fully understood. Accumulating evidence in recent years pointing to the bidirectional interactions between gut dysbiosis and the development of a specific type of gastrointestinal cancer is shedding light on the importance of this "unseen organ"-the microbiota. This review focuses on the local role of the gut microbiota imbalance in different digestive tract organs and annexes related to the carcinogenic mechanisms. Microbiota modulation, either by probiotic administration or by dietary changes, plays an important role in the future therapies of various digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Profir
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Alexandra Roşu
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Chen P, Wang Y, Zhu X, Huang Y, Chen J, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhao S, You Y, Wu Y, Yang T, Wei T, Duan X, Zhao T, Jia H, Ren J. SiRNA-HIF-1α delivered by attenuated Salmonella enhances the efficacy of Lenvatinib against hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111728. [PMID: 38430801 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major challenge in the medical field. Lenvatinib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated anti-HCC effects by targeting and inhibiting pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1-3 (VEGFR1-3). However, the therapeutic efficacy of Lenvatinib is subject to various influences, with the hypoxic microenvironment of the tumor being a pivotal factor. Consequently, altering the hypoxic milieu of the tumor emerges as a viable strategy to augment the efficacy of Lenvatinib. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), synthesized by tumor cells in response to oxygen-deprived conditions, regulates the expression of resistance genes, promotes tumor angiogenesis and cell proliferation, enhances tumor cell invasion, and confers resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Thus, we constructed a self-designed siRNA targeting HIF-1α to suppress its expression and improve the efficacy of Lenvatinib in treating HCC. The therapeutic efficacy of siRNA-HIF-1α in combination with Lenvatinib on HCC were evaluated through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that the recombinant Salmonella delivering siRNA-HIF-1α in combination with Lenvatinib effectively inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. This treatment approach reduced cell proliferation and angiogenesis in HCC tissues while promoting tumor cell apoptosis. Additionally, this combined therapy significantly increased the infiltration of T lymphocytes and M1 macrophages within the tumor microenvironment, as well as elevated the proportion of immune cells in the spleen, thereby potentiating the host's immune response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Chinese Medicine Hospital of Puyang, Puyang, Henan 457001, PR China
| | - Xingshu Zhu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Yujing Huang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Jinwei Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Shenning Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yiqing You
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Tongguo Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Tian Wei
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Xuhua Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China
| | - Tiesuo Zhao
- Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China
| | - Huijie Jia
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China; Xinxiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Immune Checkpoint Drug for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, PR China.
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, PR China.
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Wang Z, Sun W, Hua R, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang H. Promising dawn in tumor microenvironment therapy: engineering oral bacteria. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:24. [PMID: 38472176 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, cancer continues to be a major global health concern. The human mouth appears to be a multiplicity of local environments communicating with other organs and causing diseases via microbes. Nowadays, the role of oral microbes in the development and progression of cancer has received increasing scrutiny. At the same time, bioengineering technology and nanotechnology is growing rapidly, in which the physiological activities of natural bacteria are modified to improve the therapeutic efficiency of cancers. These engineered bacteria were transformed to achieve directed genetic reprogramming, selective functional reorganization and precise control. In contrast to endotoxins produced by typical genetically modified bacteria, oral flora exhibits favorable biosafety characteristics. To outline the current cognitions upon oral microbes, engineered microbes and human cancers, related literatures were searched and reviewed based on the PubMed database. We focused on a number of oral microbes and related mechanisms associated with the tumor microenvironment, which involve in cancer occurrence and development. Whether engineering oral bacteria can be a possible application of cancer therapy is worth consideration. A deeper understanding of the relationship between engineered oral bacteria and cancer therapy may enhance our knowledge of tumor pathogenesis thus providing new insights and strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wansu Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixue Hua
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Hengguo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Becerra-Báez EI, Meza-Toledo SE, Muñoz-López P, Flores-Martínez LF, Fraga-Pérez K, Magaño-Bocanegra KJ, Juárez-Hernández U, Mateos-Chávez AA, Luria-Pérez R. Recombinant Attenuated Salmonella enterica as a Delivery System of Heterologous Molecules in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174224. [PMID: 36077761 PMCID: PMC9454573 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is among the main causes of death of millions of individuals worldwide. Although survival has improved with conventional treatments, the appearance of resistant cancer cells leads to patient relapses. It is, therefore, necessary to find new antitumor therapies that can completely eradicate transformed cells. Bacteria-based tumor therapy represents a promising alternative treatment, particularly the use of live-attenuated Salmonella enterica, with its potential use as a delivery system of antitumor heterologous molecules such as tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, nucleic acids, and nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer. Abstract Over a century ago, bacterial extracts were found to be useful in cancer therapy, but this treatment modality was obviated for decades. Currently, in spite of the development and advances in chemotherapies and radiotherapy, failure of these conventional treatments still represents a major issue in the complete eradication of tumor cells and has led to renewed approaches with bacteria-based tumor therapy as an alternative treatment. In this context, live-attenuated bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica, have demonstrated tumor selectivity, intrinsic oncolytic activity, and the ability to induce innate or specific antitumor immune responses. Moreover, Salmonella enterica also has strong potential as a delivery system of tumor-associated antigens, cytotoxic molecules, immunomodulatory molecules, pro-apoptotic proteins, and nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells, in a process known as bactofection and antitumor nanoparticles. In this review, we present the state of the art of current preclinical and clinical research on the use of Salmonella enterica as a potential therapeutic ally in the war against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayne Irene Becerra-Báez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Enrique Meza-Toledo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Paola Muñoz-López
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Flores-Martínez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Karla Fraga-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Kevin Jorge Magaño-Bocanegra
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Uriel Juárez-Hernández
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Armando Alfredo Mateos-Chávez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unit of Investigative Research on Hemato-Oncological Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-52289917 (ext. 4401)
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Feng J, Liu Y, Pan X, Jin F, Wu L, Chen J, Wan B, Zhang X, Rodrigues LR, Zhang Y. Acid-Directed Electrostatic Self-Assembly Generates Charge-Reversible Bacteria for Enhanced Tumor Targeting and Low Tissue Trapping. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36411-36424. [PMID: 35917371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent preclinical progress with oncolytic bacteria in cancer therapy, dose-limiting toxicity has been a long-standing challenge for clinical application. Genetic and chemical modifications for enhancing the bacterial tumor-targeting ability have been unable to establish a balance between increasing its specificity and effectiveness while decreasing side effects. Herein, we report a simple, highly efficient method for rapidly self-assembling a clinically used lipid on bacterium and for reducing its minimum effective dose and toxicity to normal organs. The resultant bacteria present the ability to reverse-charge between neutral and acidic solutions, thus enabling weak interactions with the negatively charged normal cells, hence increasing their biocompatibility with blood cells and with the immune system. Additionally, the lipid-coated bacteria exhibit a longer blood circulation lifetime and low tissue trapping compared with the wild-type strains. Thereby, the engineered bacteria show enhanced tumor specificity and effectiveness even at low doses. Multiple visualization techniques are used for vividly demonstrating the time course of bacterial circulation in the blood and normal organs after intravenous administration. We believe that these methods for biointerfacial lipid self-assembly and evaluation of bacterial systemic circulation possess vast potential in exquisitely fabricating engineered bacteria for cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Xia Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Fa Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Liangquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
| | - Lígia R Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, P. R. China
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Chen W, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Sun X. Advances in Salmonella Typhimurium-based drug delivery system for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114295. [PMID: 35429576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of bacteria-mediated immune therapy dates back over a century ago. In recent years, these strategies have advanced greatly with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology. Several bacterial therapies have been developed allowing for more effective treatments for cancers, and Salmonella is one of the most studied bacterial species. Here, we review the advances in the bioengineered and functionalized Salmonella Typhimurium strains as drug delivery carries, including the various genetic circuits for programing these bacteria, the surface modification strategies using nanoparticles or other therapeutic agents for richer and broader features, and the bacterial component-based vehicles for cancer immunotherapy. This review will include the promises and challenges of these optimized Salmonella-based delivery systems and their related clinical trials. Ultimately, we hope to provide a spark of thought in the field of drug delivery and find important crosstalk between bacteria-mediated therapy and other different forms of treatments.
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Allemailem KS. Innovative Approaches of Engineering Tumor-Targeting Bacteria with Different Therapeutic Payloads to Fight Cancer: A Smart Strategy of Disease Management. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:8159-8184. [PMID: 34938075 PMCID: PMC8687692 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s338272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for cancer eradication like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, even though most widely used, still suffer from some disappointing outcomes. The limitations of these therapies during cancer recurrence and metastasis demonstrate the need for better alternatives. Some bacteria preferentially colonize and proliferate inside tumor mass; thus these bacteria can be used as ideal candidates to deliver antitumor therapeutic agents. The bacteria like Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., E. coli, Listeria spp., and Salmonella spp. can be reprogrammed to produce, transport, and deliver anticancer agents, eg, cytotoxic agents, prodrug converting enzymes, immunomodulators, tumor stroma targeting agents, siRNA, and drug-loaded nanoformulations based on clinical requirements. In addition, these bacteria can be genetically modified to express various functional proteins and targeting ligands that can enhance the targeting approach and controlled drug-delivery. Low tumor-targeting and weak penetration power deep inside the tumor mass limits the use of anticancer drug-nanoformulations. By using anticancer drug nanoformulations and other therapeutic payloads in combination with antitumor bacteria, it makes a synergistic effect against cancer by overcoming the individual limitations. The tumor-targeting bacteria can be either used as a monotherapy or in addition with other anticancer therapies like photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and magnetic field therapy to accomplish better clinical outcomes. The toxicity issues on normal tissues is the main concern regarding the use of engineered antitumor bacteria, which requires deeper research. In this article, the mechanism by which bacteria sense tumor microenvironment, role of some anticancer agents, and the recent advancement of engineering bacteria with different therapeutic payloads to combat cancers has been reviewed. In addition, future prospective and some clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Akinsola RO, Adewoyin M, Lee CW, Sim EUH, Narayanan K. RFP-based method for real-time tracking of invasive bacteria in a heterogeneous population of cells. Anal Biochem 2021; 634:114432. [PMID: 34695391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of bacterial invasion into eukaryotic cells is a prerequisite to unfold the molecular mechanisms of this vector's function to obtain insights for improving its efficiency. Invasion is traditionally quantified by antibiotic protection assays that require dilution plating and counting of colony-forming units rescued from infected cells. However, to differentiate between attached and internalized bacteria vector, this assay requires supplementation by a time-consuming and tedious immunofluorescence staining, making it laborious and reduces its reliability and reproducibility. Here we describe a new red fluorescent protein (RFP)-based high-throughput and inexpensive method for tracking bacterial adherence and internalization through flow cytometry to provide a convenient and real-time quantification of bacterial invasiveness in a heterogeneous population of cells. We invaded MCF-7, A549, and HEK-293 cells with the E. coli vector and measured RFP using imaging flow cytometry. We found high cellular infection of up to 70.47% in MCF-7 compared to 27.4% and 26.2% in A549 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. The quantitative evaluation of internalized E. coli is rapid and cell-dependent, and it distinctively differentiates between attached and cytosolic bacteria while showing the degree of cellular invasiveness. This imaging flow cytometry approach can be applied broadly to study host-bacteria interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasaq Olajide Akinsola
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Malik Adewoyin
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon-Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui-Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Current status of intratumour microbiome in cancer and engineered exogenous microbiota as a promising therapeutic strategy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112443. [PMID: 34847476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between microbiome and cancer has made significant progress in the past few decades. It is now known that the gut microbiome has multiple effects on tumour biology. However, the relationship between intratumoral bacteria and cancers remains unclear. Growing evidence suggests that intratumoral bacteria are important components of the microenvironment in several types of cancers. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated that intratumoral bacteria may directly influence tumorigenesis, progression and responses to treatment. Limited studies have been conducted on intratumoral bacteria, and using intratumoral bacteria to treat tumours remains a challenge. Bacteria have been studied as anticancer therapeutics since the 19th century when William B. Coley successfully treated patients with inoperable sarcomas using Streptococcus pyogenes. With the development of synthetic biological approaches, several bacterial species have been genetically engineered to increase their applicability for cancer treatment. Genetically engineered bacteria for cancer therapy have unique properties compared to other treatment methods. They can specifically accumulate within tumours and inhibit cancer growth. In addition, genetically engineered bacteria may be used as a vector to deliver antitumour agents or combined with radiation and chemotherapy to synergise the effectiveness of cancer treatment. However, various problems in treating tumours with genetically engineered bacteria need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the role of intratumoral bacteria on tumour initiation, progression and responses to chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Moreover, we summarised the recent progress in the treatment of tumours with genetically engineered bacteria.
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Yang W, Su J, Li M, Li T, Wang X, Zhao M, Hu X. Myricetin Induces Autophagy and Cell Cycle Arrest of HCC by Inhibiting MARCH1-Regulated Stat3 and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:709526. [PMID: 34733155 PMCID: PMC8558373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.709526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin is a type of natural flavonol known for its anticancer activity. However, the molecular mechanism of myricetin in anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well defined. Previous studies indicated that downregulation of membrane-associated RING-CH finger protein 1 (MARCH1) contributed to the treatment of a variety of cancers. Whether the anticancer property of myricetin is associated with MARCH1 expression remains to be investigated. This research explored the anti-HCC mechanism of myricetin. Our results indicate that myricetin induces autophagy and arrests cell cycle at the G2/M phase to suppress the proliferation of HCC cells by downregulating MARCH1. Myricetin reduces MARCH1 protein in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. Interestingly, myricetin upregulates the MARCH1 mRNA level in Hep3B cells but downregulates it in HepG2 cells. The knockdown of MARCH1 by siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) decreases the phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) and Stat3 (p-Stat3), and inhibits HCC cell viability. Moreover, myricetin inhibits p38 MAPK and Stat3 signaling pathways by downregulating MARCH1 to repress HCC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Bafilomycin A1 (BafA1), an autophagy inhibitor, has synergetic effect with myricetin to inhibit HCC growth. Taken together, our results reveal that myricetin inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells by inhibiting MARCH1-regulated p38 MAPK and Stat3 signaling pathways. This research provides a new molecular mechanism for myricetin in anti-HCC and suggests that targeting MARCH1 could be a novel treatment strategy in developing anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jiaqi Su
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingjing Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine Prescription, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Emerging applications of bacteria as antitumor agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1014-1025. [PMID: 33989734 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are associated with the human body and colonize the gut, skin, and mucous membranes. These associations can be either symbiotic or pathogenic. In either case, bacteria derive more benefit from their host. The ability of bacteria to enter and survive within the human body can be exploited for human benefit. They can be used as a vehicle for delivering or producing bioactive molecules, such as toxins and lytic enzymes, and eventually for killing tumor cells. Clostridium and Salmonella have been shown to infect and survive within the human body, including in tumors. There is a need to develop genetic circuits, which enable bacterial cells to carry out the following activities: (i) escape the human immune system, (ii) invade tumors, (iii) multiply within the tumorous cells, (iv) produce toxins via quorum sensing at low cell densities, and (v) express suicide genes to undergo cell death or cell lysis after the tumor has been lysed. Thus, bacteria have the potential to be exploited as anticancer agents.
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Badie F, Ghandali M, Tabatabaei SA, Safari M, Khorshidi A, Shayestehpour M, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Morshedi K, Jalili A, Tajiknia V, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Use of Salmonella Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Direct, Drug Delivery and Combination Approaches. Front Oncol 2021; 11:624759. [PMID: 33738260 PMCID: PMC7960920 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.624759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the years, conventional cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy with only a limited specificity for tumors, have undergone significant improvement. Moreover, newer therapies such as immunotherapy have undergone a revolution to stimulate the innate as well as adaptive immune responses against the tumor. However, it has been found that tumors can be selectively colonized by certain bacteria, where they can proliferate, and exert direct oncolytic effects as well as stimulating the immune system. Bacterial-mediated cancer therapy (BMCT) is now one example of a hot topic in the antitumor field. Salmonella typhimurium is a Gram-negative species that generally causes self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans. This species has been designed and engineered in order to be used in cancer-targeted therapeutics. S. typhimurium can be used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy for synergistic modification of the tumor microenvironment. Considerable benefits have been shown by using engineered attenuated strains for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Some of these treatment approaches have received FDA approval for early-phase clinical trials. This review summarizes the use of Salmonella bacteria for cancer therapy, which could pave the way towards routine clinical application. The benefits of this therapy include an automatic self-targeting ability, and the possibility of genetic manipulation to produce newly engineered attenuated strains. Nevertheless, Salmonella-mediated anticancer therapy has not yet been clinically established, and requires more research before its use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Badie
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghandali
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Tabatabaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Safari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khorshidi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shayestehpour
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Korosh Morshedi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Fan Y, Bai T, Tian Y, Zhou B, Wang Y, Yang L. H 2O 2-Inactivated Salmonella typhimurium RE88 Strain as a New Cancer Vaccine Carrier: Evaluation in a Mouse Model of Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:209-222. [PMID: 33488068 PMCID: PMC7815095 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s282660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to describe a novel cancer vaccine developed using H2O2-inactivated Salmonella typhimurium RE88 [with deletions of AroA (the first enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway) and DNA adenine methylase] as the carrier. Methods The pVLT33 plasmid was used to engineer an RE88 strain induced to express ovalbumin (OVA) by isopropylthiogalactoside (RE88-pVLT33-OVA). The immune responses and anticancer effects of H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA were compared with those of non-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA and OVA (positive control) in mice carrying OVA-expressing tumors (EG7-OVA) cells. Results Anti-ovalbumin IgG (immunoglobulin G) titer following vaccination with H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA was higher for subcutaneous than for intragastric vaccination. When subcutaneous administration was used, H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA (2 × 109 CFU (colony forming units)/mouse) achieved an anti-ovalbumin IgG titer higher than that for the same dose of RE88-pVLT33-OVA and comparable to that for 10 µg ovalbumin (positive control). The binding of mouse serum antibodies to EG7-OVA cells was stronger for H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA (2 × 109 CFU/mouse) than for 10 µg ovalbumin. Furthermore, subcutaneous vaccination with H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA (2 × 109 CFU/mouse) induced greater activation of splenic T cells and more extensive tumor infiltration with CD4+/CD8+ T cells compared with 10 µg ovalbumin (positive control). The mice vaccinated subcutaneously with H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA at a dose of 2 × 108 or 6 × 108 CFU/mouse had smaller tumors compared with mice in the negative control groups. Tumor weight in mice vaccinated with H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA at a dose of 2 × 109 CFU/mouse was significantly lower than that in both negative control groups (P < 0.05) and decreased with the increasing dose of H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA. H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA was potentially safer than the non-inactivated strain, could carry exogenous antigens, and had specific epitopes that could be exploited as natural adjuvants to facilitate the induction of cellular and humoral immune responses. Conclusion It was anticipated that H2O2-inactivated RE88-pVLT33-OVA could be used as a novel delivery system for new cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Min JJ, Thi-Quynh Duong M, Ramar T, You SH, Kang SR. Theranostic Approaches Using Live Bacteria. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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15
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Akinsola RO, Lee CW, Sim EUH, Narayanan K. Inhibition of lysosomal vacuolar proton pump down-regulates cellular acidification and enhances E. coli bactofection efficiency. Anal Biochem 2020; 616:114088. [PMID: 33358938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal escape is considered a crucial barrier that needs to be overcome by integrin-mediated E. coli for gene delivery into mammalian cells. Bafilomycin, a potent inhibitor of the H+ proton pump commonly employed to lower endosomal pH, was evaluated as part of the E. coli protocol during delivery. We found an increase in green fluorescent protein expression up 6.9, 3.2, 5.0, 2.8, and 4.5 fold in HeLa, HEK-293, A549, HT1080, and MCF-7 respectively, compared to untreated cells. Our result showed for the first time that Inhibition of lysosomal V-ATPase enhances E. coli efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasaq Olajide Akinsola
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Choon Weng Lee
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Edmund Ui Hang Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Sun J, Tang Q, Yu S, Xie M, Xie Y, Chen G, Chen L. Role of the oral microbiota in cancer evolution and progression. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6306-6321. [PMID: 32638533 PMCID: PMC7476822 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria identified in the oral cavity are highly complicated. They include approximately 1000 species with a diverse variety of commensal microbes that play crucial roles in the health status of individuals. Epidemiological studies related to molecular pathology have revealed that there is a close relationship between oral microbiota and tumor occurrence. Oral microbiota has attracted considerable attention for its role in in‐situ or distant tumor progression. Anaerobic oral bacteria with potential pathogenic abilities, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are well studied and have close relationships with various types of carcinomas. Some aerobic bacteria such as Parvimonas are also linked to tumorigenesis. Moreover, human papillomavirus, oral fungi, and parasites are closely associated with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Microbial dysbiosis, colonization, and translocation of oral microbiota are necessary for implementation of carcinogenic functions. Various underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota‐induced carcinogenesis have been reported including excessive inflammatory reaction, immunosuppression of host, promotion of malignant transformation, antiapoptotic activity, and secretion of carcinogens. In this review, we have systemically described the impact of oral microbial abnormalities on carcinogenesis and the future directions in this field for bringing in new ideas for effective prevention of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
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17
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Ou L, Lin H, Song Y, Tan G, Gui X, Li J, Chen X, Deng Z, Lin S. Efficient miRNA Inhibitor with GO-PEI Nanosheets for Osteosarcoma Suppression by Targeting PTEN. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5131-5146. [PMID: 32764941 PMCID: PMC7372002 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s257084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy is considered a novel way to treat osteosarcoma, and microRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. miR-214 has been found to promote osteosarcoma aggression and metastasis. Graphene oxide (GO) is widely used for gene delivery for the distinct physiochemical properties and minimal cytotoxicity. METHODS Polyethyleneimine (PEI)-functionalized GO complex was well-prepared and loaded with miR-214 inhibitor at different concentrations. The load efficacy was tested by gel retardation assay and the cy3-labeled fluorescence of cellular uptake. The experiments of wound healing, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to measure the inhibitory effect of the miR-214 inhibitor systematically released from the complexes against MG63, U2OS cells and xenograft tumors. RESULTS The systematic mechanistic elucidation of the efficient delivery of the miR-214 inhibitor by GO-PEI indicated that the inhibition of cellular miR-214 caused a decrease in osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration and an increase in apoptosis by targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The synergistic combination of the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor and CDDP chemotherapy showed significant cell death. In a xenograft mouse model, the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor significantly inhibited tumor volume growth. CONCLUSION This study indicates the potential of functionalized GO-PEI as a vehicle for miRNA inhibitor delivery to treat osteosarcoma with low toxicity and miR-214 can be a good target for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Lingling Ou The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Haiyingjie Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510630, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Gui
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Lin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China
- Shaoqiang Lin Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Research Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou510000, People’s Republic of China Email
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Broadway KM, Scharf BE. Salmonella Typhimurium as an Anticancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Perspectives. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-019-00132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Targeting Programmed Fusobacterium nucleatum Fap2 for Colorectal Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101592. [PMID: 31635333 PMCID: PMC6827134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal patients generally have the maximum counts of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in tumors and elevate colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, which show the lowest rate of human survival. Hence, F. nucleatum is a diagnostic marker of colorectal cancer (CRC). Studies demonstrated that targeting fusobacterial Fap2 or polysaccharide of the host epithelium may decrease fusobacteria count in the CRC. Attenuated F. nucleatum-Fap2 prevents transmembrane signals and inhibits tumorigenesis inducing mechanisms. Hence, in this review, we hypothesized that application of genetically programmed fusobacterium can be skillful and thus reduce fusobacterium in the CRC. Genetically programmed F. nucleatum is a promising antitumor strategy.
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20
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Liang K, Liu Q, Li P, Luo H, Wang H, Kong Q. Genetically engineered Salmonella Typhimurium: Recent advances in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2019; 448:168-181. [PMID: 30753837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria have been investigated as anti-tumor therapeutic agents for more than a century, since Coley first observed successful curing of a patient with inoperable cancer by injection of streptococcal organisms. Previous studies have demonstrated that some obligate or facultative anaerobes can selectively accumulate and proliferate within tumors and suppress their growth. Developments in molecular biology as well as the complete genome sequencing of many bacterial species have increased the applicability of bacterial organisms for cancer treatment. In particular, the facultative anaerobe Salmonella Typhimurium has been widely studied and genetically engineered to improve its tumor-targeting ability as well as to reduce bacterial virulence. Moreover, the effectiveness of engineered attenuated S. Typhimurium strains employed as live delivery vectors of various anti-tumor therapeutic agents or combined with other therapies has been evaluated in a large number of animal experiments. The well-known S. Typhimurium mutant VNP20009 and its derivative strain TAPET-CD have even been applied in human clinical trials. However, Salmonella-mediated cancer therapies have not achieved the expected success, except in animal experiments. Many problems remain to be solved to exploit more promising strategies for combatting cancer with Salmonella bacteria. Here, we summarize the promising studies regarding cancer therapy mediated by Salmonella bacteria and highlight the main mechanisms of Salmonella anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Pei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haoju Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qingke Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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21
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In situ biomolecule production by bacteria; a synthetic biology approach to medicine. J Control Release 2018; 275:217-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Osahor A, Deekonda K, Lee CW, Sim EUH, Radu A, Narayanan K. Rapid preparation of adherent mammalian cells for basic scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Anal Biochem 2017; 534:46-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Zheng JH, Min JJ. Targeted Cancer Therapy Using Engineered Salmonella typhimurium. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52:173-84. [PMID: 27689027 PMCID: PMC5040766 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate or facultative anaerobic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli specifically colonize and proliferate inside tumor tissues and inhibit tumor growth. Among them, attenuated Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) has been widely studied in animal cancer models and Phase I clinical trials in human patients. S. typhimurium genes are easily manipulated; thus diverse attenuated strains of S. typhimurium have been designed and engineered as tumor-targeting therapeutics or drug delivery vehicles that show both an excellent safety profile and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models. An attenuated strain of S. typhimurium, VNP20009, successfully targeted human metastatic melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma in Phase I clinical trials; however, the efficacy requires further refinement. Along with the characteristics of self-targeting, proliferation, and deep tissue penetration, the ease of genetic manipulation allows for the production of more attenuated strains with greater safety profiles and vector systems that deliver designable cargo molecules for cancer diagnosis and/or therapy. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field of Salmonellae-mediated cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hai Zheng
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Jin S, Whang YM, Chang IH. Genetically Modified Bacteria as Targeted Agent for Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.22465/kjuo.2016.14.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Felgner S, Kocijancic D, Frahm M, Weiss S. Bacteria in Cancer Therapy: Renaissance of an Old Concept. Int J Microbiol 2016; 2016:8451728. [PMID: 27051423 PMCID: PMC4802035 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8451728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of cancer cases worldwide generates an urgent need of novel treatment options. Applying bacteria may represent a valuable therapeutic variant that is intensively investigated nowadays. Interestingly, the idea to apply bacteria wittingly or unwittingly dates back to ancient times and was revived in the 19th century mainly by the pioneer William Coley. This review summarizes and compares the results of the past 150 years in bacteria mediated tumor therapy from preclinical to clinical studies. Lessons we have learned from the past provide a solid foundation on which to base future efforts. In this regard, several perspectives are discussed by which bacteria in addition to their intrinsic antitumor effect can be used as vector systems that shuttle therapeutic compounds into the tumor. Strategic solutions like these provide a sound and more apt exploitation of bacteria that may overcome limitations of conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Felgner
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dino Kocijancic
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Frahm
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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26
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Nallar SC, Xu DQ, Kalvakolanu DV. Bacteria and genetically modified bacteria as cancer therapeutics: Current advances and challenges. Cytokine 2016; 89:160-172. [PMID: 26778055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria act as pro- or anti- tumorigenic agents. Whole bacteria or cytotoxic or immunogenic peptides carried by them exert potent anti-tumor effects in the experimental models of cancer. The use of attenuated microorganism(s) e.g., BCG to treat human urinary bladder cancer was found to be superior compared to standard chemotherapy. Although the phase-I clinical trials with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, has shown limited benefits in human subjects, a recent pre-clinical trial in pet dogs with tumors reported some subjects benefited from this treatment strain. In addition to the attenuated host strains derived by conventional mutagenesis, recombinant DNA technology has been applied to a few microorganisms that have been evaluated in the context of tumor colonization and eradication using mouse models. There is an enormous surge in publications describing bacterial anti-cancer therapies in the past 15years. Vectors for delivering shRNAs that target oncogenic products, express tumor suppressor genes and immunogenic proteins have been developed. These approaches have showed promising anti-tumor activity in mouse models against various tumors. These can be potential therapeutics for humans in the future. In this review, some conceptual and practical issues on how to improve these agents for human applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreeram C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - De-Qi Xu
- Dalian Hissen Biopharm Co Ltd. E&T Development Zone, Dalian 116600, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Yan Y, Chen N, Wang Y, Wang K. The application of antitumor drug-targeting models on liver cancer. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:1667-75. [PMID: 26289213 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1064188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocarcinoma animal models, such as the induced tumor model, transplanted tumor model, gene animal model, are significant experimental tools for the evaluation of targeting drug delivery system as well as the pre-clinical studies of liver cancer. The application of antitumor drug-targeting models not only furnishes similar biological characteristics to human liver cancer but also offers guarantee of pharmacokinetic indicators of the liver-targeting preparations. In this article, we have reviewed some kinds of antitumor drug-targeting models of hepatoma and speculated that the research on this field would be capable of attaining a deeper level and expecting a superior achievement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- b Surgical Department of Emergency Center, The People's Hospital of Sichuan Province , Sichuan , China and
| | - Yunbing Wang
- c National Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , China
| | - Ke Wang
- a School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi , China
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28
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Cheng X, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Hua ZC. A Salmonella Typhimurium mutant strain capable of RNAi delivery: higher tumor-targeting and lower toxicity. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:1068-76. [PMID: 24842165 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.29185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are highly versatile and useful tools that could deliver short interfering RNA. In this study, a phoP/phoQ double-deleted Salmonella Typhimurium named VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) based on the genetic background of VNP20009. The biological safety and function of VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) were also analyzed. Our study revealed the following results: (1) VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) exhibited lower titers in tumor-free livers and spleens than VNP20009, (2) The survival of VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) in macrophages and 4T1 tumor cells was significantly reduced compared with that of VNP20009, (3) The tumor-targeting ability of VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) was significantly enhanced compared with that of VNP20009, and the anticancer effects of VNP(pPhoP/Q(-)) and VNP20009 on tumor-bearing mice were similar, (4) VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) could release an shRNA-expressing plasmid and express the EGFP reporter gene in tumor tissue. Therefore, VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) exhibited a better safety level in tumor-free mice and elicited an anti-tumor effect on tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, VNP(PhoP/Q(-)) could release an shRNA-expressing plasmid into the cytoplasm of host cells to silence targeted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiawei Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science and School of Stomatology; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science and School of Stomatology; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuqiang Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science and School of Stomatology; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science and School of Stomatology; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Science and School of Stomatology; Affiliated Stomatological Hospital; Nanjing University; Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc.; Changzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
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29
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Narayanan K, Lee CW, Radu A, Sim EUH. Escherichia coli bactofection using Lipofectamine. Anal Biochem 2013; 439:142-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Yin D, Li Y, Lin H, Guo B, Du Y, Li X, Jia H, Zhao X, Tang J, Zhang L. Functional graphene oxide as a plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA carrier inhibits mouse malignant melanoma growth in vivo. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:105102. [PMID: 23425941 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/10/105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted intensive interest in the biomedical field in recent years. We investigate whether the use of functional graphene oxide as an efficient delivery system for delivering specific molecular antitumor therapeutics in vivo could achieve a more excellent antitumor effect. Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) promotes survival in a wide spectrum of human cancers. In this paper, we study the in vivo behavior of graphene oxide chemically functionalized with polyethylenimine and polyethylene glycol (GO-PEI-PEG) as a plasmid-based Stat3-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) carrier in mouse malignant melanoma. The in vivo results indicate significant regression in tumor growth and tumor weight after plasmid-based Stat3 siRNA delivered by GO-PEI-PEG treatment. Moreover, there was no significant side effect from GO-PEI-PEG treatment according to histological examination and blood chemistry analysis in mice. Thus, our work is the first success of using GO-PEI-PEG as a promising carrier for plasmid Stat3 siRNA delivery and down-regulation of Stat3 by a polymer-mediated vehicle and suggests the great promise of graphene in biomedical applications such as cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Centre and Department of Pathophysiology, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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Li X, Li Y, Wang B, Ji K, Liang Z, Guo B, Hu J, Yin D, Du Y, Kopecko DJ, Kalvakolanu DV, Zhao X, Xu D, Zhang L. Delivery of the co-expression plasmid pEndo-Si-Stat3 by attenuated Salmonella serovar typhimurium for prostate cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:971-80. [PMID: 23463096 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the therapeutic utility of an attenuated bacterium carrying a plasmid that co-expresses Endostatin, an inhibitor of tumor neovasculogenesis, and a shRNA that targets Stat3 to suppress prostate cancer growth. METHODS Plasmid pEndo-Si-Stat3 was constructed and introduced into an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. The resultant recombinant bacterium was used as a vector to deliver the plasmid to tumor cells growing in vivo. Tumor-associated gene and protein expression changes were measured by using RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Expression of Endostatin in tumor tissue was detected by ELISA. The presence of vector bacteria in tissues was monitored and tumor destruction was assessed by using TUNEL and H&E staining assays. RESULTS Bacterially delivered pEndo-Si-Stat3 decreased Stat3 levels and increased Endostatin expression in mouse tumors, resulting in a significant suppression of tumor growth (P < 0.01). Expression of Bcl-2 and PCNA was down-regulated and Caspase3 expression was up-regulated to promote apoptosis of tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS Successful delivery by attenuated Salmonella of the combination therapeutic plasmid simultaneously knocked down the expression of Stat3 and resulted in over-expression of Endostatin, which synergistically inhibited prostate cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, Norman Bethune Medical School, Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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