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Wang C, Wang Z, Yao T, Zhou J, Wang Z. The immune-related role of beta-2-microglobulin in melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:944722. [PMID: 36046045 PMCID: PMC9421255 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.944722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma, resistance to these agents still affects patient prognosis and response to therapies. Beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), an important subunit of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, has important biological functions and roles in tumor immunity. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that B2M gene deficiency can inhibit MHC class I antigen presentation and lead to cancer immune evasion by affecting β2M expression. Based on this, B2M gene defect and T cell-based immunotherapy can interact to affect the efficacy of melanoma treatment. Taking into account the many recent advances in B2M-related melanoma immunity, here we discuss the immune function of the B2M gene in tumors, its common genetic alteration in melanoma, and its impact on and related improvements in melanoma immunotherapy. Our comprehensive review of β2M biology and its role in tumor immunotherapy contributes to understanding the potential of B2M gene as a promising melanoma therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeqi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ophthalmic Tumor, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jibo Zhou, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jibo Zhou, ; Zhaoyang Wang,
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2
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Current approaches in managing in-transit metastasis of malignant melanoma: a comprehensive review and proposal of an algorithm. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-021-01875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Local and Recurrent Regional Metastases of Melanoma. CUTANEOUS MELANOMA 2020. [PMCID: PMC7123735 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05070-2_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Up to 10% of patients with cutaneous melanoma will develop recurrent locoregional disease. While surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for isolated recurrences, locoregional melanoma can often present as bulky, unresectable disease and can pose a significant therapeutic challenge. This chapter focuses on the natural history of local and regionally recurrent metastases and the multiple treatment modalities which exist for advanced locoregional melanoma, including regional perfusion procedures such as hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion and isolated limb infusion, intralesional therapies, and neo-adjuvant systemic therapy strategies for borderline resectable regional disease. Hyperthermic limb perfusion (HILP) and isolated limb infusion (ILI) are generally well-tolerated and have shown overall response rates between 44% and 90%. Intralesional therapies also appear to be well-tolerated as adverse events are usually limited to the site of injection and minor transient flu-like symptoms. Systemic targeted therapies have shown to have response rates up to 85% when used as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with borderline resectable disease. While combination immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting has also shown promising results, this data has not yet matured.
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Breaking tolerance with engineered class I antigen-presenting molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:3136-3145. [PMID: 30728302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807465116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful efforts to activate T cells capable of recognizing weak cancer-associated self-antigens have employed altered peptide antigens to activate T cell responses capable of cross-reacting on native tumor-associated self. A limitation of this approach is the requirement for detailed knowledge about the altered self-peptide ligands used in these vaccines. In the current study we considered allorecognition as an approach for activating CTL capable of recognizing weak or self-antigens in the context of self-MHC. Nonself antigen-presenting molecules typically contain polymorphisms that influence interactions with the bound peptide and TCR interface. Recognition of these nonself structures results in peptide-dependent alloimmunity. Alloreactive T cells target their inducing alloantigens as well as third-party alloantigens but generally fail to target self-antigens. Certain residues located on the alpha-1/2 domains of class I antigen-presenting molecules primarily interface with TCR. These residues are more conserved within and across species than are residues that determine peptide antigen binding properties. Class I variants designed with amino acid substitutions at key positions within the conserved helical structures are shown to provide strong activating signals to alloreactive CD8 T cells while avoiding changes in naturally bound peptide ligands. Importantly, CTL activated in this manner can break self-tolerance by reacting to self-peptides presented by native MHC. The ability to activate self-tolerant T cells capable of cross-reacting on self-peptide-MHC in vivo represents an approach for inducing autoimmunity, with possible application in cancer vaccines.
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Gupta A, Gomes F, Lorigan P. The role for chemotherapy in the modern management of melanoma. Melanoma Manag 2017; 4:125-136. [PMID: 30190915 PMCID: PMC6094602 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of malignant melanoma has changed beyond recognition in the last 7 years. Where previously single agent dacarbazine was often the only treatment used for advanced disease, now there are potentially multiple lines of treatment, based on immunotherapy and targeted treatment options, either as monotherapy or in combination. In this brave new world the question arises, does chemotherapy still have any relevance in the modern management of melanoma? In this review, we summarize the various chemotherapeutic options that have been trialled in melanoma to date, and discuss the role chemotherapy may still play in treating melanoma, potentially in combination with more novel agents, or in certain subtypes of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Fabio Gomes
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Paul Lorigan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
- Division of Molecular & Clinical Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Gerile G, Ganbold T, Li Y, Baigude H. Head group configuration increases the biocompatibility of cationic lipids for nucleic acid delivery. J Mater Chem B 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00317j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of genetic material is a potentially powerful therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerile Gerile
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot
- P. R. China
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot
- P. R. China
| | - Yizheng Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot
- P. R. China
| | - Huricha Baigude
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University
- Hohhot
- P. R. China
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Wang DY, Johnson DB. Advances in the development of intralesional therapies for melanoma. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:259-266. [PMID: 30190897 PMCID: PMC6094591 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in immune therapy have changed the landscape of advanced melanoma treatment. Intralesional therapy is an important type of immune therapy due to its efficacy and safety, especially in the setting of locoregional metastases. These therapies induce frequent responses in injected lesions as well as distant nontreated lesions through a 'bystander' effect of priming an antitumor immune response. The culmination of nearly a century of innovation has led to the approval of the first US FDA approved intralesional therapy for melanoma in talimogene laherparepvec. Numerous efforts to combine intralesional therapies with systemic immune checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing, whereby a synergistic effect may continue to improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 777 PRB, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas B Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 777 PRB, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Singh M, Overwijk WW. Intratumoral immunotherapy for melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:911-21. [PMID: 26050024 PMCID: PMC11028428 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selection of suitable tumor-associated antigens is a major challenge in the development of effective cancer vaccines. Intratumoral (i.t.) immunotherapy empowers the immune system to mount T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens which are most immunogenic. To mediate systemic tumor regression, i.t. immunotherapy must generate systemic T cell responses that can target distant metastases beyond the initially treated tumor mass. Now that promising preclinical results and some initial success in clinical trials have been obtained, we here review i.t. immunotherapy-related preclinical and clinical studies, their mechanisms of action and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin St., Unit 0904, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Willem W. Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin St., Unit 0904, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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9
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Zavala VA, Kalergis AM. New clinical advances in immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumours. Immunology 2015; 145:182-201. [PMID: 25826229 PMCID: PMC4427384 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of cancer cells for evading the immune system surveillance, including how the immune system modulates the phenotype of tumours, have allowed the development of new therapies that benefit from this complex cellular network to specifically target and destroy cancer cells. Immunotherapy researchers have mainly focused on the discovery of tumour antigens that could confer specificity to immune cells to detect and destroy cancer cells, as well as on the mechanisms leading to an improved activation of effector immune cells. The Food and Drug Administration approval in 2010 of ipilumumab for melanoma treatment and of pembrolizumab in 2014, monoclonal antibodies against T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 and programmed cell death 1, respectively, are encouraging examples of how research in this area can successfully translate into clinical use with promising results. Currently, several ongoing clinical trials are in progress testing new anti-cancer therapies based on the enhancement of immune cell activity against tumour antigens. Here we discuss the general concepts related to immunotherapy and the recent application to the treatment of cancer with positive results that support their consideration of clinical application to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Zavala
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
- INSERM U1064Nantes, France
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Abstract
Intratumoral therapy with bacteria/bacterial products dates to at least the 1890s. Over the decades this has expanded beyond the use of microbes and microbial products to include chemicals, cancer chemotherapeutic agents, cytokines, recombinant organisms, and hybrid molecules. The appeal of this method of delivery is the ability to deliver high concentrations of the therapeutic agent directly to the tumor, often with minimal side effects. This article summarizes the use and efficacy of the various agents used in the past and present in the treatment of in-transit and satellite metastases in melanoma.
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11
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Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Electroporation-enhanced delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:195-204. [PMID: 25487734 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The naked delivery of nucleic acid vaccines is notoriously inefficient, and an enabling delivery technology is required to direct efficiently these constructs intracellularly. A delivery technology capable of enhancing nucleic acid uptake in both cells in tissues and in culture is electroporation (EP). EP is a physical delivery mechanism that increases the permeability of mammalian cell membranes and allows the trafficking of large macromolecules into the cell. EP has now been used extensively in the clinic and been shown to be an effective method to increase both the uptake of the construct and the breadth and magnitude of the resulting immune responses. Excitingly, 2014 saw the announcement of the first EP-enhanced DNA vaccine Phase II trial demonstrating clinical efficacy. This review seeks to introduce the reader to EP as a technology to enhance the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines and highlight several published clinical trials using this delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
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Abstract
Whereas thin melanomas have an excellent prognosis after sufficient surgical treatment, melanoma disease in advanced stages is still a therapeutic challenge. After decades of frustrating studies, new therapeutic strategies have come up in the past few years. On the one hand, increasing insights into the molecular aberrations in melanoma have led to specific “targeted” therapies to affect only the mutated tumor cells, as in many other types of cancers. Today there are few “targeted” substances which are already approved and successfully used for single or combination therapy, but many others are under development. While on the other hand, nonpersonalized strategy substances have been developed successfully inducing an immunologic tumor response. Both kinds of therapy have been found to result in an improvement not only of the response rate, but also of the overall survival in metastatic disease, which represents a milestone in melanoma therapy. However, using these therapies there is still much to learn regarding the effects, the side effects, and the limitations of these promising substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tronnier
- Department of Dermatology, Klinikum Hildesheim GmbH, Hildesheim, Germany
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13
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Hersey P, Gallagher S. Intralesional immunotherapy for melanoma. J Surg Oncol 2013; 109:320-6. [PMID: 24301265 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intralesional immunotherapy of melanoma has two complementary aims. One is to cause regression of the injected metastasis. The other is to incite or modulate systemic immune responses in such a way that non-injected metastases will also undergo regression. A number of phase 1 and phase II studies with cytokines, viral, or bacterial agents have been conducted but their use has remained sporadic and has not progressed to become established treatments. Two treatments have progressed to randomized phase III studies. The most promising of these is based on intralesional injection of a genetically modified herpes simplex virus (HSV) (T-Vec). Initial results have shown a significant effect on durable response rates (DRR) but effects on overall survival remain under study. The second involved injection of plasmids coding for the HLA B7 antigen (Allovectin). Despite encouraging early results the treatment did not reach its endpoints and its use has been discontinued. A phase II study involving intralesional injection of oncolytic A21 coxsackie virus (Cavatak) is also under way and is showing promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Institute Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute, The University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Squires MH, Delman KA. Current Treatment of Locoregional Recurrence of Melanoma. Curr Oncol Rep 2013; 15:465-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s11912-013-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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