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Chanchal DK, Chaudhary JS, Kumar P, Agnihotri N, Porwal P. CRISPR-Based Therapies: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Precision Medicine. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:193-207. [PMID: 38310456 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232275754231204072320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
With the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, drug development and precision medicine have undergone a major change. This review article looks at the new ways that CRISPR-based therapies are being used and how they are changing the way medicine is done. CRISPR technology's ability to precisely and flexibly edit genes has opened up new ways to find, validate, and develop drug targets. Also, it has made way for personalized gene therapies, precise gene editing, and advanced screening techniques, all of which hold great promise for treating a wide range of diseases. In this article, we look at the latest research and clinical trials that show how CRISPR could be used to treat genetic diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and other hard-to-treat conditions. However, ethical issues and problems with regulations are also discussed in relation to CRISPR-based therapies, which shows how important it is to use them safely and responsibly. As CRISPR continues to change how drugs are made and used, this review shines a light on the amazing things that have been done and what the future might hold in this rapidly changing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Chanchal
- Department of Pharmacy, Smt. Vidyawati College of Pharmacy, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur - 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pushpendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah 206130, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Kothi, Mandhana, Kanpur-209217, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prateek Porwal
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur - 247121, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Chaudhary M, Kumar S, Kaur P, Sahu SK, Mittal A. Comprehensive Review on Recent Strategies for Management of Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and SAR. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:721-747. [PMID: 37694781 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230911141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a disease that is affecting a large population worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a foundation for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, as used in most clinical settings from neo-adjuvant to metastatic stage. In spite of the success of ADT in managing the disease in the majority of men, hormonal manipulation fails eventually. New molecules are developed for patients with various hormone-refractory diseases. Advancements in molecular oncology have increased understanding of numerous cellular mechanisms which control cell death in the prostate and these insights can lead to the development of more efficacious and tolerable therapies for carcinoma of the prostate. This review is focused on numerous therapies that might be a boon for prostate therapy like signaling inhibitors, vaccines, and inhibitors of androgen receptors. Along with these, various bioactive molecules and their derivatives are highlighted, which act as potential antiprostate cancer agents. This article also emphasized the recent advances in the field of medicinal chemistry of prostate cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Desh Bhagat University, Amloh Road, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
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3
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Mughees M, Kaushal JB, Sharma G, Wajid S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Chemokines and cytokines: Axis and allies in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:497-512. [PMID: 35181473 PMCID: PMC9793433 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are recognized as the major contributor to various tumorigenesis, tumor heterogeneity, and failures of current cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is enriched with chemokines and cytokines and plays a pivotal role in cancer progression. Chronic inflammation is also considered an instructive process of cancer progression, where chemokines are spatiotemporally secreted by malignant cells and leukocyte subtypes that initiate cell trafficking into the TME. In various cancers, prostate cancer (PCa) is reported as one of the leading cancers in the worldwide male population. The chemokines-mediated signaling pathways are intensively involved in PCa progression and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that chemokines and cytokines are responsible for the pleiotropic actions in cancer, including the growth, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, leukocyte infiltration, and hormone escape for advanced PCa and therapy resistance. Chemokine's system and immune cells represent a promising target to suppress tumorigenic environments and serve as potential therapy/immunotherapy for the PCa. In this review, an attempt has been made to shed light on the alteration of chemokine and cytokine profiles during PCa progression and metastasis. We also discussed the recent findings of the diverse molecular signaling of these circulating chemokines and their corresponding receptors that could become future targets for therapeutic management of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA(1)
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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4
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Singh V, Kesharwani P. Recent advances in microneedles-based drug delivery device in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. J Control Release 2021; 338:394-409. [PMID: 34481019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles are unique, novel and an effective approach designed to deliver therapeutic agents and immunobiologicals in several diseases. These tiny needle patches are designed to load vaccine, small or large drug molecule, heavy molecular weighted proteins, genes, antibodies, nanoparticles and many more. These nanoparticles loaded microneedles deliver drugs deep within the skin near underlying neutrophils, langerhans and dendritic cells and induces required immunological response. With the drawbacks associated with conventional methods of cancer chemotherapy, the focus was shifted towards use of microneedles in not just anti-cancer vaccine/drug delivery but also for their early diagnosis. This delivery device is also suited for synergistic approaches such as chemotherapy or gene therapy combined with photothermal or photodynamic therapy. The painless self-administrative device offers an alternative over traditional routes of drug delivery including systemic administration via hypodermic needles. Additionally, these microneedles can be fabricated and altered in shape, size and geometry and the material polymer can be chosen depending on use and release mechanism. This review consolidates positive results obtained from studies done for different type of microneedle array in several tumor cell lines and animal models. It further highlights the use of biodegradable polymers such as hydrogel or any dissolving polymer that can be utilized for sustained codelivery of drug/vaccine to shun the need of multiple dosing. It covers the existing limitations that still needs to be resolved and further highlights on the future aspects of their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshikha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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5
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Trofenciuc NM, Bordejevic AD, Tomescu MC, Petrescu L, Crisan S, Geavlete O, Mischie A, Onel AFM, Sasu A, Pop-Moldovan AL. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression is correlated with T2* iron deposition in response to doxorubicin treatment: cardiotoxicity risk assessment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17013. [PMID: 33046755 PMCID: PMC7552385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although doxorubicin (Dox) is an effective antitumor antibiotic in the anthracycline class, it often induces the undesirable side effect of cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure, which limits its clinical use. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate a reliable translational method for Dox-induced cardiotoxicity (CTX) screening, aiming to identify a high-risk population and to discover new strategies to predict and investigate this phenomenon. Early identification of the presence of iron deposits and genetic and environmental triggers that predispose individuals to increased risk of Dox-induced CTX (e.g., overexpression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)) will enable the early implementation of countermeasure therapy, which will improve the patient's chance of survival. Our cohort consisted of 25 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed cancer undergoing Dox chemotherapy and 12 control patients. The following parameters were measured: serum TLR4 (baseline), serum transferrin (baseline and 6-week follow-up) and iron deposition (baseline and 6-week follow-up). The average number of gene expression units was 0.121 for TLR4 (range 0.051-0.801). We subsequently correlated serum TLR4 levels in our cohort with myocardial iron overload using the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T2* technique, the ventricular function (% ejection fraction, %EF) and serum transferrin levels. There is a strong negative linear relationship between serum TLR4 and CMR T2* values (r = - 0.9106, ****P < 0.0001). There is also a linear correlation (either positive or negative) with EF and transferrin; no established relationship related to the sex of the patients was found. Patients with elevated serum TLR4 at baseline also exhibited an increase in serum transferrin levels and Dox-induced left ventricular dysfunction with a decreased EF (< 50%); this phenomenon was observed in 7 of 25 patients (28%) at the 6-week follow-up. There were no significant differences or correlations based on sex. We concluded that there is a direct relationship between Dox-induced CTX (indicated by elevated serum TLR4) and the times (ms) for T2* (decreases in which correspond to immediate and rapid iron overload).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelu-Mihai Trofenciuc
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Aurora Diana Bordejevic
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Cleopatra Tomescu
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Timisoara Municipal Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lucian Petrescu
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Crisan
- "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Oliviana Geavlete
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases 'Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mischie
- Centre Hospitalier de Montluçon, Invasive Cardiology Unit, Cardiology Department, Montluçon, France
| | - Alexandru Fica Mircea Onel
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
- Arad County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Hematology Department, Arad, Romania
| | - Alciona Sasu
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
- Arad County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Hematology Department, Arad, Romania
| | - Adina Ligia Pop-Moldovan
- "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
- Arad County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Cardiology Department, Arad, Romania
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6
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Evaluation of Notch1 gene expression in prostate carcinoma. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.680864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Mezzasoma L, Peirce MJ, Minelli A, Bellezza I. Natriuretic Peptides: The Case of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101680. [PMID: 28994721 PMCID: PMC6151559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides have long been known to act as main players in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, salt and water balance. However, in the last few decades, new properties have been ascribed to these hormones. A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE Search terms included prostate cancer, inflammation, cardiac hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide. Most recent publications were selected. Natriuretic peptides are strongly connected to the immune system, whose two branches, innate and adaptive, are finely tuned and organized to kill invaders and repair injured tissues. These peptides control the immune response and act as anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory agents. In addition, in cancers, natriuretic peptides have anti-proliferative effects by molecular mechanisms based on the inhibition/regulation of several pathways promoting cell proliferation and survival. Nowadays, it is accepted that chronic inflammation is a crucial player in prostate cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the link between prostate cancer and inflammation and the potential use of natriuretic peptides as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mezzasoma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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8
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O'Brien R, Marignol L. The Notch-1 receptor in prostate tumorigenesis. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 56:36-46. [PMID: 28457880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway plays a fundamental role in tissue development due to its involvement in cell fate determination and postnatal tissue differentiation. Its capacity to regulate cell growth and development has been linked to the occurrence of several cancers including that of the prostate. The transmembrane receptor Notch-1 of this pathway has been linked to the oncogenic role of Notch signalling in prostate adenocarcinoma. Other studies have suggested a tumour suppressive function for Notch-1. This review focuses on the role of Notch-1 in prostate cancer development and maintenance and relates this to the fundamental role of Notch in normal prostate development. The current understanding of the aberrant Notch signalling characteristic of prostate cancer is discussed, and recent therapeutic advances in this field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca O'Brien
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Translational Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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9
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Degradable Polyethylenimine-Based Gene Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:34. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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10
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Balistreri CR. Genetic contribution in sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysm? Emerging evidence of genetic variants related to TLR-4-mediated signaling pathway as risk determinants. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 74:1-10. [PMID: 26409318 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo 90134, Italy.
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11
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Zhang T, Xue X, He D, Hsieh JT. A prostate cancer-targeted polyarginine-disulfide linked PEI nanocarrier for delivery of microRNA. Cancer Lett 2015; 365:156-65. [PMID: 26054847 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in efficient microRNA (miRNA) delivery techniques using prostate cancer-targeted nanoparticles offer critical information for understanding the functional role of miRNAs in vivo, and for supporting targeted gene therapy in terms of treating miRNA-associated prostate cancer. Here, we report the polyarginine peptide (R11)-labeled non-toxic SSPEI nanomaterials capable of prostate cancer-specific miR-145 delivery to prostate cancer in vivo where they display full bioactivity at completely nontoxic concentrations. The R11-labeled BPEI-SS (R11-SSPEI) nanocarrier showed less toxicity in prostate cancer, and electrostatic interaction of R11-SSPEI with miR-145 exhibited optimal transfection efficacy. The R11-SSPEI/miR-145 polymer could be specifically uptaken in prostate cancer using FAM-miR-145 mixed with R11-SSPEI. The functional action of miR-145 oligomers released from polyplexes was evaluated by a reporter vector containing a miR-145-binding sequence, and showed a significantly reduced reporter signal in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, in a peritoneal mouse tumor model, the systemic administration of the R11-SSPEI/FAM-miR-145 complex leads to the delivery of miR-145 into the tumors, dramatically inhibiting tumor growth and prolonged survival time. Hence, we establish a novel and prostate cancer-specific targeting system for the systemic in vivo application of microRNAs through R11-SSPEI complexation as a powerful tool for future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dalin He
- Oncology Research Lab, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China; Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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12
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Weng PH, Huang YL, Page JH, Chen JH, Xu J, Koutros S, Berndt S, Chanock S, Yeager M, Witte JS, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Neal DE, Donovan J, Hamdy FC, Muir KR, Giles G, Severi G, Smith JR, Balistreri CR, Shui IM, Chen YC. Polymorphisms of an innate immune gene, toll-like receptor 4, and aggressive prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110569. [PMID: 25360682 PMCID: PMC4215920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the best known TLR members expressed on the surface of several leukocytes and tissue cells and has a key function in detecting pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns. The role of TLR4 in the pathophysiology of several age-related diseases is also well recognized, such as prostate cancer (PCa). TLR4 polymorphisms have been related to PCa risk, but the relationship between TLR4 genotypes and aggressive PCa risk has not been evaluated by any systematic reviews. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies analyzing this relationship and included only white population. Considering appropriate criteria, only nine studies were analyzed in the meta-analysis, including 3,937 aggressive PCa and 7,382 controls. RESULTS Using random effects model, no significant association was found in the ten TLR4 SNPs reported by at least four included studies under any inheritance model (rs2737191, rs1927914, rs10759932, rs1927911, rs11536879, rs2149356, rs4986790, rs11536889, rs7873784, and rs1554973). Pooled estimates from another ten TLR4 SNPs reported by three studies also showed no significant association (rs10759930, rs10116253, rs11536869, rs5030717, rs4986791, rs11536897, rs1927906, rs913930, rs1927905, and rs7045953). Meta-regression revealed that study type was not a significant source of between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS TLR4 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the risk of aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Weng
- Department of Family Medicine, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Huang
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John H. Page
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Departments of Public Health and Primary Care and Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), Departments of Oncology and Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Donovan
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carmela R. Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene M. Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Costa-Pinheiro P, Patel HRH, Henrique R, Jerónimo C. Biomarkers and personalized risk stratification for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 14:1349-58. [PMID: 25148431 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2014.952288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common neoplasia among men in developed countries and a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. PCa is a very heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically. Currently, it is difficult to stratify patients into risk groups that entail different disease management. Therefore, a personalized view of this disease is mandatory, through the development of new and more accurate biomarkers that may help clinicians to stratify patients according to threat that PCa poses for each patient. Hence, this review focuses on recent developments of molecular and immunohistochemical biomarkers for PCa risk stratification that might enable a personalized approach to PCa patients. However, despite the increasing amount of available data, there is also an urgent need to translate the most promising biomarkers for clinical use through large multicenter validation trials. Ultimately, these will contribute for an improved clinical management of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Costa-Pinheiro
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group - Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute - Porto (CI-IPOP), LAB 3, F Building, 1st floor, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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14
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DNA damage response and prostate cancer: defects, regulation and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2014; 34:2815-22. [PMID: 25132269 PMCID: PMC4333141 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) includes the activation of numerous cellular activities that prevent duplication of DNA lesions and maintain genomic integrity, which is critical for the survival of normal and cancer cells. Specific genes involved in the DDR such as BRCA1/2 and P53 are mutated during prostate cancer progression, while various oncogenic signaling such as Akt and c-Myc are activated, enhancing the replication stress and increasing the genomic instability of cancer cells. These events may render prostate cancer cells particularly sensitive to inhibition of specific DDR pathways, such as PARP in homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and Chk1 in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair, creating opportunities for synthetic lethality or synergistic cytotoxicity. Recent reports highlight the critical role of androgen receptor (AR) as a regulator of DDR genes, providing a rationale for combining DNA-damaging agents or targeted DDR inhibitors with hormonal manipulation or AR inhibition as treatment for aggressive disease. The aims of this review are to discuss specific DDR defects in prostate cancer that occur during disease progression, to summarize recent advances in understanding the regulation of DDR in prostate cancer, and to present potential therapeutic opportunities through combinational targeting of the intact components of DDR signaling pathways.
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